EP2486115A1 - Elektrorheologische flüssigkeit mit organischen dotierstoffen sowie verwendung hiervon - Google Patents
Elektrorheologische flüssigkeit mit organischen dotierstoffen sowie verwendung hiervonInfo
- Publication number
- EP2486115A1 EP2486115A1 EP10754897A EP10754897A EP2486115A1 EP 2486115 A1 EP2486115 A1 EP 2486115A1 EP 10754897 A EP10754897 A EP 10754897A EP 10754897 A EP10754897 A EP 10754897A EP 2486115 A1 EP2486115 A1 EP 2486115A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrorheological fluid
- carbon
- group
- fluid according
- groups
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel polymer-based electrorheological fluids (ERF) with organic dopants and uses thereof.
- An ERF is generally a suspension which consists of electrically polarizable, finely divided solid particles in a hydrophobic, electrically non-conductive carrier liquid (eg DE 39 41 232 A1).
- a hydrophobic, electrically non-conductive carrier liquid eg DE 39 41 232 A1.
- electrorheological fluids known to date e.g., EP 0 824 128 B1
- the polarization of the particles is due to the migration of ions corresponding to theirs
- ER activity is the change in rheological characteristics (viscosity, shear stress, yield point, etc.) due to the application of electric fields.
- a reversible transition of ERF from the liquid to the gel or solid state takes place, ie after switching off the electric field, the ERF returns to its liquid initial state.
- ERF with salt-doped particles can also cause corrosion at the electrodes.
- an ERF with a chloride-containing salt (EP 0 824 128 B1) corrosively acts on steel electrodes.
- the ERFs are preferably developed individually for specific applications.
- the ER activity can be strongly influenced by the choice of the disperse phase and by the doping of the disperse phase.
- a known ERF with 0.07 wt .-% lithium chloride-doped polyurethane particles (EP 0 824 128 Bl) has a high shear stress of about 4000 Pa, but also a high current density of about 80 ⁇ / cm 2 at DC voltage, a temperature of 40 ° C, one
- ERF also has a corrosive effect on steel electrodes, which leads to rapid wear of the components and consequently to a decrease in ER activity, and the use of inorganic salts other than doping of the PUR particles did not reduce the temperature dependence of the ER activity There was only a shift in the working temperature range, while the conductivity remained high, ERF from other polymer particles based on polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole and other commercially available ERF
- an object of the present invention to provide an electrorheological fluid, which has a high ER activity, a low temperature dependence and a low electrical conductivity (even at high temperatures) with low base viscosity having. It was likewise the object of the present invention to be able to use such a device
- Liquid provided which contains at least one type of particles and at least one polar or electrically polarizable organic dopant in or on the particles, wherein the particles are present in a carrier liquid.
- the electrorheological fluids of the present invention provide significant advantages over the electrorheological fluids known in the art: I.
- the ERFs with organic dopants surprisingly show an ER activity of the same order of magnitude or even a significantly greater ER activity than with ERF with salt-doped PUR.
- control electronics This allows for technical applications a significant reduction in the cost of the construction of the control electronics, as can be used on conventional components and no effort by means of z. B. a cooling of the electronics due to a high power consumption is necessary. In addition, the control electronics can be miniaturized.
- the organic dopants act on the particles mostly like plasticizers. Thereby degraded especially at higher doping levels of these compounds, the glass transition point. A lowering of the glass point of the polymer particles (eg polyurethane particles) causes a lowering of the lower temperature limit at which an ER activity already occurs. The new ERF can therefore be used at lower temperatures.
- the fluids according to the invention do not corrosive to metal electrodes.
- the organic dopants are preferably polyunsaturated compounds having conjugated double bonds, phenyl rings in conjugation and / or fused and / or fused aromatic ring systems.
- the dopant or the polyunsaturated compound may have at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of electron donors and / or electron acceptors.
- the dopant has the general formula
- D is a donor group
- ⁇ is a polyunsaturated radical
- A is an acceptor group
- X is a reactive functional group attached to ⁇
- x and y are each independently 1 to 10
- the radical ⁇ is derived from compounds which are selected from the group consisting of a) branched, unbranched, linear conjugated and / or crossed conjugated linear systems, preferably polyenes, polyynes, polyenines, in particular polymethines, polymethines with Aza group, polyacetylenes, dienes, trienes, tetraenes,
- Pentaenes isoprene units, 1,3-butadiene units
- cyclic systems and / or annulenes insbeson ⁇ particular benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, azulene, triphenylmethane, biphenyl, perylene, fluorescence reindeer, acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, pyrene,
- heterocyclic systems in particular pyridine, pyrrole, thiophene, furan, indole, imidazole,
- Acceptor groups A is one
- Electron donor or an electron acceptor refers to groups that can interact with the ⁇ -electron system of the rest of the molecule by delocalizing the nonbonding electron pairs or ⁇ -electrons of the substituent. But they can also be functional groups that have only a positive or negative inductive
- a donor group is a group that shifts the electron density of the ⁇ -electron system by a positive inductive effect (+1 effect) and / or by a positive resonance or mesomerism effect (+ R- or + M Effect) increases the electron density of the ⁇ -electron system.
- the + I effect and the + M effect can occur both simultaneously and individually.
- Examples are primary, secondary or tertiary amines, OH groups, SH groups, halogens (sharks), ethers, double bonds (between two carbon atoms or one carbon and one non-carbon atom (eg nitrogen) or between two of carbon different atoms), triple bonds (between two carbon atoms or a carbon atom and an atom other than carbon or between two atoms other than carbon), alkyl, functionalized alkyl, aryl, functionalized aryl, heteroaryl, anionic groups such as , As methides or phenolates.
- An acceptor group is a group that shifts the electron density of the K electron system by a negative inductive effect (-I effect) and / or by a negative resonance or mesomerism effect (-R or -M - Effect) the electron density of the ⁇ -electron system is lowered.
- the -I effect and the -M-effect can occur both simultaneously and individually. Examples of these are halogens (shark), aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, nitro groups, nitroso groups, esters,
- Acids (-COOH), amides (-CONH 2 ), acid halides (-COHal), sulfonic acids (-SO 3 H), sulfonic acid groups, CF 3 groups, aryls, heteroaryls, double bonds (between two carbon atoms or one carbon and one different from carbon Atom (for example nitrogen) or between two atoms other than carbon), triple bonds (between two carbon atoms or one carbon atom and one non-carbon atom or between two carbon-different atoms), carbocations or cationic groups such as carbon atoms.
- Group X is preferably a group which is suitable for entering into a chemical bond with the particles and in particular being selected is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy groups, primary or secondary amines, aldehydes, ketones, urethane groups, urea groups and / or
- the dopant are selected from the group consisting of o-, p- or m-nitroanisole, l-methoxy-4-nitronaphthalene, o-, p- or m-nitroaniline, N, N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline , 2-methoxy-p-nitroaniline, 4-nitroacetanilide, N, N-dimethyl-m-nitroaniline, 4-nitro-1-naphthylamine, 1- (3-pyridinazo) -2-naphthol, 5- [4 (Dimethylamino) phenyl] methylene] barbituric acid (4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzalbarbituric acid), 5- [[4- (dimethylamino) phenyl] methylene] -2-thiobarbituric acid (4-N, N-dimethylamino-benzal-2-thiobarbituric acid), 4-dimethylamino-4 x -
- preferred electrorheological fluids are characterized in that the dopant is dissolved in the particles and / or chemically bound in and / or to the particles and the particles are suspended in the carrier liquid. It is likewise advantageous that the dopant, based on the total weight of the particles contained, contains between 0.01 and 40% by weight, preferably between 0.05 and 20% by weight, particularly preferably between 0.1 and 10% by weight is.
- Preferred particle contents are between 1 and 70% by volume, preferably between 2 and 65% by volume, more preferably between 5 and 60% by volume.
- the average particle size d 5 o between 10 nm and 1 mm, preferably between 20 nm and 500 ⁇ , more preferably between 40 nm and 200 ⁇ .
- the particles preferably used in the electrorheological fluid are polymer particles which are polymers, preferably selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyureas, poly (urethane ureas), poly (urethane amides), polyurea, poly (acrylic acid esters), poly (meth). acrylic acid esters), poly (urea-siloxanes), their copolymers, polybiurets, polyallophanates,
- Preferred carrier fluids for the electrorheological fluid are selected from the group consisting of silicone oils, halo- or phenyl-containing silicone oils, paraffins, halogenated hydrocarbons (for example chlorinated and / or fluorinated hydrocarbons), aromatic hydrocarbons, polyoxyalkylenes,
- perfluorinated polyethers mineral oils, vegetable oils, transformer oils, kerosene and / or mixtures thereof.
- the electrorheological fluid may contain other additives such as dispersants, stabilizers, eg. B. against sedimentation, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, UV absorbers, etc.
- additives such as dispersants, stabilizers, eg. B. against sedimentation, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, UV absorbers, etc.
- the ERFs of the invention can be used in a variety of applications. These include adaptive shock, vibration and impact absorbers as well as electrically controllable clutches and brakes. Other applications are in sports and exercise equipment, in haptic systems such as controls and in devices for fixing objects such as workpieces to be machined.
- the ERF according to the invention are thus technically widely used in transmitting and attenuating large Forces using low electrical power in short times, such as.
- clutches hydraulic valves, shock absorbers, vibration dampers or devices for positioning and fixing of workpieces.
- electrorheological fluids that can be prepared according to the invention can be used to generate and / or display haptic information such as forces, torques, characters, computer-simulated objects, sensor signals or images.
- electrorheological fluids which can be prepared according to the invention can be used to simulate viscous, elastic and / or viscoelastic properties or the consistency distribution of an object, in particular for training and / or research purposes and / or for medical applications.
- ERF electrostatic clutches and / or brakes
- the dopants used in the invention can be dissolved or dispersed in the particles of
- Dopants contain additional functional groups that are suitable for binding to the base polymer of the particles.
- Such functional groups may, for. As hydroxy, primary or secondary amines, aldehydes, ketones or COOH groups, these groups may be identical to the donor or acceptor group.
- Polymer matrix is always advantageous if the dopants used z. B. have a high toxicity.
- the linkage with the polymer thus prevents the diffusion of the compound from the particles.
- two types of doping with the organic compounds according to the invention are generally distinguished: 1) Intermolecular interaction of the dopants in the particles; 2) chemical bonding to the base polymer of the particles.
- Examples of the first type of organic doping are o-, p-, m-nitroanisole, 1-methoxy-4-nitronaphthaline, o-, p-, m-nitroaniline, N, -dimethyl-p-nitroaniline, 2-methoxy-p-nitroaniline, 4-nitroacetanilide, N, N-dimethyl-m-nitroaniline, 4-nitro-1-naphthylamine, 1- (3-pyridinazo) -2-naphthol, 4-N, -dimethylaminobenzalbarbituric acid , 4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzal-2-thiobarbituric acid, 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostobe, methyl-3 aminobenzoate, 1-nitro- 1- dimethylthiophene, n-butylurea, tetramethylurea, 2-indolinone, 2-nitro-1-naphthol, 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline, 2-methyl-3
- the following organic compounds may be mentioned as examples: 6-nitroindoline, o-, p-, m-nitrophenol, o-, p-, m-nitroanaline, 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 3 Methyl 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 2- (4-nitrophenyl) ethanol (4-nitrophenethyl alcohol), 2-methyl-3, 5-dinitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrocatechol, 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 2, 2 '- [4- (4-nitrobenzyl alcohol; 2-hydroxyethylamino) -3-nitrophenylamino] -diethanol, N-methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-aminobenzalbarbituric acid, N-methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-aminobenzal-2-thiobarbituric acid, 2- (2-amino-4-nitroanilino) ethanol, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 5-amino
- a mixture consisting of 50 g of silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of 5 mm 2 / s and a density of 0.93 g / cm 3 at 25 ° C) and 1 g of the stabilizer (reaction product of 40 parts of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 2 N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane is added and homogenized with a stirrer. The resulting emulsion was then metered into 11 g of toluene diisocyanate. The samples were stirred after addition of the crosslinker overnight or subjected to a temperature treatment. For the manufacturing process, both a rotor-stator stirrer and a
- the ERF was prepared according to the procedure given in Example 1. However, it was added as a dopant 2, 2 1 - [4- (2-hydroxyethylamino) -3-nitrophenylamino] -diethanol, so that it was covalently bound by the hydroxyl group to the polymer backbone.
- the crosslinking leads in a complete reaction to the stoichiometric conversion of the hydroxyl groups in the existing polyol.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009048825A DE102009048825A1 (de) | 2009-10-09 | 2009-10-09 | Elektrorheologische Flüssigkeit mit organischen Dotierstoffen sowie Verwendung hiervon |
| PCT/EP2010/005754 WO2011042117A1 (de) | 2009-10-09 | 2010-09-20 | Elektrorheologische flüssigkeit mit organischen dotierstoffen sowie verwendung hiervon |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2486115A1 true EP2486115A1 (de) | 2012-08-15 |
| EP2486115B1 EP2486115B1 (de) | 2015-05-20 |
Family
ID=43221920
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10754897.6A Not-in-force EP2486115B1 (de) | 2009-10-09 | 2010-09-20 | Elektrorheologische flüssigkeit mit organischen dotierstoffen sowie verwendung hiervon |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2486115B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102009048825A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2011042117A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012004586A1 (de) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-12 | Fludicon Gmbh | Elektrorheologische Zusammensetzung |
| CN105623642B (zh) * | 2016-02-24 | 2017-12-26 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种新型电致变色材料P(6NIIn‑co‑EDOT)及其制备方法 |
| CN108543113A (zh) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-09-18 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种透明光敏人工皮肤传感器的制备方法 |
| JP2021020970A (ja) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-02-18 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 電気粘性流体組成物およびシリンダ装置 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8402068D0 (en) * | 1984-01-26 | 1984-02-29 | Stangroom J E | Fluid compositions |
| DE3941232A1 (de) | 1989-12-14 | 1991-06-20 | Bayer Ag | Elektroviskose fluessigkeiten auf basis von polyglykolen und aminofunktionellen polyethern |
| US5376294A (en) | 1991-08-29 | 1994-12-27 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Electrorhelogical fluid |
| ATE160581T1 (de) * | 1991-10-10 | 1997-12-15 | Lubrizol Corp | Elektronisch leitfähige enthaltende elektrorheologische fluessigkeiten |
| US5308525A (en) | 1991-11-20 | 1994-05-03 | Dow Corning Toray Silicone Co., Ltd. | Electroviscous fluid comprising a base neutralized carboxyaryl group-containing organopolysiloxane polyelectrolyte |
| JPH0867893A (ja) | 1994-08-19 | 1996-03-12 | Lubrizol Corp:The | 極性固体および有機半導体の電気流動性流体 |
| DE19632430C1 (de) | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-12 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von nicht-wäßrigen Dispersionen und deren Verwendung |
| US6352651B1 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2002-03-05 | Bridgestone Corporation | Electrorheological fluid |
-
2009
- 2009-10-09 DE DE102009048825A patent/DE102009048825A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-09-20 EP EP10754897.6A patent/EP2486115B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-09-20 WO PCT/EP2010/005754 patent/WO2011042117A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2011042117A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102009048825A1 (de) | 2011-04-14 |
| WO2011042117A1 (de) | 2011-04-14 |
| EP2486115B1 (de) | 2015-05-20 |
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