EP2476526B1 - Method and apparatus for the manufacture of a fibre- or chipbord - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for the manufacture of a fibre- or chipbord Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2476526B1 EP2476526B1 EP12155541.1A EP12155541A EP2476526B1 EP 2476526 B1 EP2476526 B1 EP 2476526B1 EP 12155541 A EP12155541 A EP 12155541A EP 2476526 B1 EP2476526 B1 EP 2476526B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- chips
- adhesive
- glue
- curtain
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
- B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
Definitions
- the invention relates to a manufacturing method according to claims 1 and 2 together with an associated device according to claim 1 for a made of fibers or chip plate.
- the invention particularly relates to MDF or HDF or chipboard.
- a typical, known production process for the production of a plate of the type mentioned is carried out as follows.
- Cooked chips are first fed to a so-called refiner for the production of the fiber-made plate.
- the wood chips are processed into fibers, with the application of temperature and pressure with the help of painting discs.
- the fibers are transported out with the help of steam and forwarded by means of a line called "blow-line".
- the vapor pressure is about 10 bar.
- the temperature is about 150 to 160 °.
- glue is added.
- the "blow-line” expands. A turbulence is caused by the expansion.
- the glue mixes with the fibers.
- the proportion of glue in relation to the fibers is about 22% by weight.
- the "blow-line" opens in the middle of a drying tube.
- the drying tube has a diameter of e.g. 2.60 m up. Air is blown through the drying tube at a temperature of 160 ° C, maximum 220-240 ° C. In the drying tube, the moisture is reduced from 100% to 8 to 11%.
- the glue is undesirably exposed to a temperature treatment. From about 80 ° glue is namely charged or activated disadvantageously. Activated glue is for the subsequent processing step in which the glued fibers are pressed to the plate, no longer usable.
- gluing machine is already known to which wood fibers are added, where they are then stirred and mixed with adhesive.
- the fibers are injected in a stream of air into a gluing tube, via which nozzles this inflowing and swirling air / fiber stream glue is added.
- the object of the invention is to provide a plate with a lower proportion of glue compared to the prior art.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a method having the features of the main claim and by a device for carrying out the method with the features of the independent claim.
- the result is a plate with the features of the other independent claim.
- the fibers or chips are first dried and then glue is mixed with the dried fibers or chips at temperatures which are substantially below the drying temperatures, in particular below 100 ° C. This avoids that the glue is undesirably exposed to the relatively hot temperatures that occur during drying.
- the advantage is achieved that in the dryer or drying tube only water, but no chemicals are dried. This results in environmental benefits, since the dry air is not adversely affected with vapors that come from the glue according to the prior art.
- the fibers or chips that are dried are advantageously not covered with glue. Glue "disturbs" the drying process. Thus, in comparison with the prior art, considerable amounts of energy are saved in the dryer, which otherwise have to be used for drying. Significant cost advantages are the result.
- the glueing according to the invention reduces the amount of glue required in the field of MDF boards. It succeeds in reducing to 45 to 55 kg per m 3 plate. A typical value is 50 to 52 kg per m 3 plate.
- the dried fibers or chips are fed before gluing a belt weigher.
- the fibers or shavings on one side by means of a circulating conveyor belt transported on the other side, they are weighed. This gives the information as to what amount of glue is to be added to the fibers in the subsequent step.
- the supplied fibers or chips are transferred to the subsequent device via the belt weigher.
- Possible weight fluctuations of the supplied fibers are detected during transport, registered and stored in one embodiment. These data are processed and serve as a manipulated variable for the subsequent gluing.
- this regulation also takes into account the transport time of the material which passes between the measuring point and the arrival of subsequent devices, such as a feed roller. This can ensure that the change in the intake speed is also due to the actual weight fluctuation.
- the weight detection of the fibers or chips can be done in the smallest steps and allows a uniform feeding of the fibers or chips with an accuracy of, for example, ⁇ 1%.
- the gluing is therefore carried out in a mixer in which glue and fibers are mixed together.
- the use of a mixer offers comparable advantages for chips.
- the mixer has, in one embodiment of the invention, means for cooling its housing.
- an at least partially double-walled housing so For example, provided a double-walled tube, which is part of the housing of the mixer.
- a cooled liquid such as chilled water, is passed through the double-walled housing to cool the mixer or its walls.
- the cooling should create a condensation layer on the walls inside. Accordingly, the cooling is interpreted.
- the condensation layer ensures that glued and glue-free fibers or chips do not adhere to the walls and clog the mixer.
- the fibers After the fibers have dried, they are distributed over a wide area, forming a kind of curtain from the fibers. Glue is then added, in particular sprayed into the curtain. Preferably, an air-glue mixture is sprayed in, so as to ensure the most uniform distribution of the glue.
- a curtain achieves that the glue is distributed more uniformly on the fibers compared to the case in which the fibers are cotton-like.
- the fibers are introduced into the mixer in a further embodiment of the invention in the manner of a curtain or a mat.
- the curtain. or the mat is then blown through nozzles with an air-glue mixture.
- the glue is thus fed to the curtain via the nozzles.
- the curtain is preferably guided without contact through the mixer.
- the contactless implementation of an adhesion of fibers to walls is advantageously avoided. Pollution problems and associated costs are reduced.
- the glue is blown into the dried fibers together with air, in particular at a temperature of 40 to 70.degree. C., preferably at a temperature of 55 to 60.degree. This ensures that the glue reaches a dry outer skin. It is therefore activated minimally.
- the glue is prepared in one embodiment so that it hardens after a predetermined time.
- the glue can be suitably adjusted by temperature treatment.
- a hardener may be added or added after e.g. Cured for 60 seconds.
- the preparation of the glue is carried out in particular in the mixer or a hardener together with the glue immediately before the mixer added to the dried fibers.
- the glue is vortexed with heated air and this air-glue mixture added to the dried fibers or chips.
- the hot air which is introduced into the mixer, for example, via a booth together with the glue and the dried fibers or chips, activates the surfaces of the produced material Glue droplets something.
- adhesion of fibers or chips to subsequent devices, such as mixer walls is suitably counteracted. Otherwise, for example, the mixer would have to be cleaned in no time. The production would then be stopped disadvantageously. Unwanted cleaning costs are also incurred accordingly.
- the free surface of the glue is further activated by means suitable for this purpose so as to facilitate subsequent processing steps.
- the fibers or shavings affected by glue therefore preferably pass into a riser pipe, which is in particular 10 to 30 m, preferably about 20 m long.
- the diameter of the riser is in particular at 1 to 4 meters.
- the riser is preferably also cooled and in turn is then, for example, double-walled to pass a cooling fluid between the two walls of a double wall.
- the objective is in turn the formation of a condensation layer on the inner walls of the riser, so that the glued fibers or chips do not adhere to the walls.
- the glued fibers or chips can be passed through a stream of air or gas in a particularly easy contactless manner.
- the fibers or chips should be passed through the riser at a rate of at least 25 meters per second, preferably at least 35 meters per second. If the speed is lower, fibers or chips remain adhered to the riser despite the aforementioned measures. This would dirty the riser unnecessarily fast. As lower speeds have been provided, the riser had to be cleaned already after 8 hours. By setting a suitable speed, the cycles could be extended to 7 to 8 days. So it just had to be cleaned every week the riser.
- the maximum speed at which the glued fibers or chips are blown through the riser depends on the performance of the subsequent components or devices. It should be noted that the following components or devices must be able to process the incoming amount of fibers or chips. In practice, an upper limit of 40 meters per second could currently be realized without any problems. From 50 meters per second, the following components were overloaded. It goes without saying that the upper speed limit can be increased as soon as more powerful downstream components are available. Basically, higher transport speeds in the riser are advantageous, since then pollution problems and associated production stoppages are reduced accordingly.
- the glue on the surface is further activated somewhat in order to be able to carry out subsequent processing steps in a suitable manner.
- the length of the riser is therefore adapted by the skilled person to the desired degree of glue activation. The expert will take into account the transport speed in the riser in the interpretation.
- the fibers which are contaminated with glue enter a cyclone.
- the glue has now been activated sufficiently on the surface due to the aforementioned measures, so that it no longer adheres in the cyclone.
- the fibers or chips are deposited and fed to the next processing step with a transport means such as a belt.
- the fibers or chips are separated from the air in the cyclone.
- the transport means directs the fibers or chips in one embodiment into a viewing device. In the viewer, the fibers are examined for coarse constituents. The coarse ingredients are sorted out automatically. Coarse ingredients are, for example, glue lumps.
- the fibers or chips are transported by means of a belt on to the press and pressed here to the plate.
- the press is preferably made of pressed against each other, rotating press belts, which are suitably tempered. So can be pressed continuously.
- the temperature must be adjusted by the skilled person to the particular glue used. The amount of energy and the resulting. Temperatures for the two press belts are therefore chosen differently in one embodiment, so as to avoid a delay in the produced plate. The temperature difference is easily 20 ° at pressing temperatures which are around 200 ° C.
- the nozzles, via which the glue is added to the fibers in one embodiment, are preferably configured conical. By the cone tip, the glue then emerges droplet-like, so that in this way a uniform distribution of the glue advantageously promoted, that is improved.
- the glue is therefore preferably directed directly in the direction of the fibers or chips, for example, sprayed, for example. Moreover, it is then in particular to ensure a sufficient distance between nozzles and subsequent tools in a mixer.
- the distance between tools in the mixer and the nozzles should be at least 1 meter, preferably at least 2 meters, when the glue is injected horizontally.
- the fibers are then introduced perpendicular to the beginning of the mixer and transported horizontally in this.
- the specified, specific distance values refer only to a specific individual case. They are not universal, because it depends on the speed at which the glue escapes from the nozzles.
- a glue-air mixture is sprayed in the direction of the fibers, then advantageously there is at the same time an air flow with which the fibers are initially blown as contactlessly as possible by subsequent devices such as a mixer or a standpipe and thus transported.
- a gas can also be used instead of air.
- the fibers come in the form of a curtain in front of the nozzles.
- glue injected into the mixer and dirty tools here. Otherwise, the fibers would adhere to the tools and the mixer would clog in no time and would need to be cleaned at short intervals.
- the tools in the mixer are fastened in one embodiment to a centrally mounted axis and consist of star-shaped protruding rods, which go similar to a rudder blade in a flat area.
- a star is formed from, for example, four tools. Each two tools thus include an angle of 90 °.
- the rudder blades are tilted. As a result, a turbulence of the air is achieved and thus a good mixing of the fibers or chips with the glue.
- Several "stars" formed by tools are fixed at regular intervals on the axis. The fibers or chips are then transported parallel to the axis by the mixer. In general, therefore, the tools are designed in such a way that in addition to the fibers or chips air is swirled. Propeller-like or propeller-like tools are therefore to be preferred.
- a curtain is produced as follows.
- a transport such as a conveyor belt or a belt weigher is provided at the end with at least one, preferably with a plurality of rollers.
- the roller Through the roller (s), the fibers are passed.
- the rollers are pressed against each other in particular. Remains a gap between two rollers or a roller and an adjacent surface, this is basically harmless. This ensures that a kind of curtain or mat is formed from the fibers by the rollers. So it is the curtain shape generated by the rollers.
- a conveyor belt it is preferably used a conveyor belt, as this ensures a uniform supply of fibers to the rollers.
- the speed of delivery to the rollers is controlled to provide the rollers with a particularly consistent amount of fiber.
- worms are regularly used for transporting fibers in the production of MDF boards.
- fibers leave snails relatively unevenly.
- a corresponding uneven curtain formed from the fibers would result.
- a uniformly thick and wide curtain is an advantage to achieve a uniform glue distribution.
- more than two rollers are used, are passed through the fibers to produce a curtain.
- the rollers are preferably offset one above the other so arranged that an acute angle of the rollers is enclosed with a means of transport such as a conveyor belt or belt scale.
- a means of transport such as a conveyor belt or belt scale.
- the aperture through which the fiberized curtain is inserted into or in front of the mixer in one embodiment preferably corresponds to the maximum width of the mixer housing, for example the diameter of said tube which at the same time forms the walls of the mixer. This ensures that the entire width in the mixer is covered by the curtain. Otherwise, glue could splash past the remaining openings laterally past the curtain into the interior of the mixer, and the aforementioned fouling problems would occur.
- the lateral walls of the mixer are preferably cooled in practice to 7 to 15 ° C, in particular to 10 to 12 ° C. In this way it is achieved that a condensation layer settles on the walls. The condensation layer prevents sticking.
- the temperatures mentioned are also suitable for the formation of a condensation layer on the inner walls within the riser.
- first wood chips or wood chips are decomposed into the solid wood component cellulose and the liquid components lignin and liquid hemicellulose.
- Lignin and hemicellulose are separated from the solid components and used as a glue, so according to the invention mixed with the dried wood fibers or wood chips.
- the solid wood components are processed into fibers or chips.
- the liquid fractions may be separated from the solid fractions in a so-called agitator.
- the aforementioned ingredients which are obtained are typically from 20% to 35% by weight of hemicellulose, from 45% to 50% by weight of cellulose and from 20% to 35% by weight of lignin.
- Wood chips are first added in an embodiment in a plug screw. From the plug screw from the wood chips arrive in the compressed state in a cooking container and are cooked here at high pressure.
- the cooking container is designed for high pressures.
- the pressure in the cooking vessel is in particular at least 12 to 22 bar. According to the state of the art, wood chips are usually cooked at pressures of only 8 to 9 bar.
- the thermal steam treatment separates the solid wood components (cellulose) from lignin and hemicellulose, which are liquid components.
- the cellulose is in solid form.
- the two other components lignin and hemicellulose are liquid and can be used as a glue in principle.
- the adhesive force is mainly caused by the hemicellulose.
- the liquid fractions hemicellulose and lignin obtained in the manner described above are mixed in one embodiment of the invention with conventional glue.
- the proportion of hemicellulose and lignin in the glue mixture is preferably not more than 20 wt .-%.
- the mixture contains a glue on a formaldehyde-urea basis.
- the nozzles for feeding glue in an embodiment of the invention at a distance from the housing of the mixer. Before an opening of the mixer housing are then the nozzles. Between the nozzle and the opening thus remains a gap or annular gap, entrained by the air and can be supplied as suitable. Moreover, in this embodiment, the air introduced through the gap or annulus may be preheated to provide a desired temperature in the mixer, particularly so as to promote activation of the glue on the surface.
- Tools in the interior of the mixer are mounted in one embodiment on an axis. Annular around the axis are then arranged the nozzles for feeding glue, so as to provide fibers evenly with glue.
- the fibers or the curtain made of fibers are then preferably fed perpendicularly to the axis between nozzles and tools.
- nozzles are arranged annularly in one or more rows. With a correspondingly large diameter, the entire opening of the mixer is sprayed with glue by arranging a second row of nozzles in a ring around the axis.
- glass fibers or synthetic fibers are additionally added in one embodiment.
- the addition takes place in particular in or immediately before the mixer.
- particularly well plate-like molded parts can be produced, which are provided for example as interior trim in a car.
- Such shaped plates can be used in the automotive industry, for example, as parcel shelf. It It then suffices to merely pre-press the layer system. A final pressing step does not have to be carried out.
- MDF panels have a top and a bottom, which are parallel to each other and which are flat. These plates are a few millimeters thick. They usually have no plastic or glass fibers, since no special forms must be realized, which differ from a flat surface.
- Moldings of the aforementioned type are also used in the furniture industry. Such moldings are z. B. needed for doors that are specially shaped for design reasons.
- the molded parts In contrast to plates consisting of fibers, for example MDF plattens, which are intended for the production of panels, it is sufficient for the molded parts to merely pre-press them.
- the pre-pressing takes place at much lower pressures than the actual pressing step.
- the pre-pressure can be only one-third of the pressure that is used for the actual pressing step.
- the actual pressing step can be carried out at pressures of 75 to 80 kg / cm 2 .
- the proportion of glass fibers and / or plastic fibers in a molding is up to 25 wt .-%, preferably up to 15 wt .-%, in order to arrive at cost-effective results. At least 5% by weight should be used.
- Fibers for the production of molded parts to the fibers which are used for the production of MDF or HDF panels for panels, in particular for floor panels, is also independent of the fibers of the invention mentioned here particularly economical compared to the prior art.
- FIG. 1 shows a section through a belt scale 1 and a subsequent mixer 2.
- dried fibers which were made from wood chips, fed through an opening of a housing 4 of the belt scale 1.
- a slope 5 directs the incoming fibers onto the belt of the belt scale.
- the belt scale detects and controls the amount of material that is transported in the direction of the three rollers 6.
- the three rollers 6 are superposed and offset so arranged that they include ⁇ with the belt weigher 1 an acute angle.
- the fibers on the belt scale reach this acute angle. They pass through the rotating rollers 6.
- a curtain is formed from the fibers, which is transported vertically downward along the arrow 7 due to gravity. The curtain thus enters the mixer 2, specifically between a plurality of nozzles 8 and tools 9.
- the mixer consists of a tubular housing.
- the housing is formed by a double wall 10 and 11.
- Central to the interior of the housing is an axle 12, on which the tools 9 are mounted.
- a tool 9 closes with the axis 12 a right Angle.
- Each four rudder blade-like tools 9 are summarized in a star shape.
- the front area into which the fiber curtain is inserted is free of tools. This ensures that a sufficiently large distance between the tools 9 and the nozzles 8 is present. This distance is provided so that from the nozzles 8 leaking glue does not impinge directly on the tools during operation.
- the diameter of the housing of the mixer corresponds to the width of the opening through which the fiber curtain is inserted into the mixer.
- the width of the curtain is adapted to the width of the opening.
- the nozzles 8 are arranged in a semicircle around the axis 12 in an upper area. This causes on the one hand, the curtain is evenly provided with glue and on the other hand, the emerging from the nozzle 8 glue does not impinge directly on parts of the mixer. Between the nozzles 8 and the housing 10, 11 a distance is arranged, so that a kind of annular gap is formed. Air is sucked in via this annular gap. Not shown are means for heating the air, which is sucked. This creates a glue-air mixture.
- the glue-provided curtain (in other words, a mat formed of fibers) is transported by the air flow parallel to the axis 12 through the mixer 2.
- the axis rotates during transport and thus the tools 9.
- the glue is further mixed with the fibers.
- a cooled liquid is introduced in order to create a condensation layer on its inner walls in the interior of the mixer.
- FIG. 2 a plan view of the mixer parallel to the axis 12 is shown. For clarity, only two tools 9 located. With reference to FIG. 2, a single-row, semi-circular arrangement of the nozzles in the upper region is illustrated in particular.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Herstellungsverfahren gemäß Ansprüche 1 and 2 nebst einer zugehörigen Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 für eine aus Fasern oder Span gefertigten Platte. Die Erfindung bezieht sich insbesondere auf MDF- oder HDF- oder Spanplatten.The invention relates to a manufacturing method according to
Ein typisches, bekanntes Produktionsverfahren für die Herstellung einer Platte der eingangs genannten Art wird wie folgt durchgeführt. Gekochte Hackschnitzel werden zur Herstellung der aus Fasern gefertigten Platte zunächst einem sogenannten Refiner zugeführt. Im Refiner werden die Holzschnitzel zu Fasern verarbeitet und zwar unter Zuführung von Temperatur und Druck mit Hilfe von Malscheiben. Aus dem Refiner werden die Fasern mit Hilfe von Dampf heraustransportiert und mittel einer "Blow-line" genannten Leitung weitergeleitet. Der Dampfdruck beträgt dabei ca. 10 bar. Die Temperatur liegt bei ca. 150 bis 160°. In der "Blow-Line" wird Leim zugefügt. Im Anschluss an die Zugabe vom Leim weitet sich die "Blow-Line" auf. Eine Verwirbelung wird durch die Aufweitung bewirkt. Der Leim vermischt sich mit den Fasern. Der Leimanteil liegt im Verhältnis zu den Fasern bei ca. 22 Gew.-%.A typical, known production process for the production of a plate of the type mentioned is carried out as follows. Cooked chips are first fed to a so-called refiner for the production of the fiber-made plate. In the refiner, the wood chips are processed into fibers, with the application of temperature and pressure with the help of painting discs. From the refiner, the fibers are transported out with the help of steam and forwarded by means of a line called "blow-line". The vapor pressure is about 10 bar. The temperature is about 150 to 160 °. In the "Blow-Line" glue is added. Following the addition of the glue, the "blow-line" expands. A turbulence is caused by the expansion. The glue mixes with the fibers. The proportion of glue in relation to the fibers is about 22% by weight.
Die "Blow-Line" mündet in der Mitte eines Trocknungsrohrs ein. Das Trocknungsrohr weist einen Durchmesser von z.B. 2,60 m auf. Durch das Trocknungsrohr wird Luft mit einer Temperatur von 160° C, maximal von 220 bis 240 °C hindurchgeblasen. Im Trocknungsrohr wird die Feuchte von 100% auf 8 bis 11 % reduziert.The "blow-line" opens in the middle of a drying tube. The drying tube has a diameter of e.g. 2.60 m up. Air is blown through the drying tube at a temperature of 160 ° C, maximum 220-240 ° C. In the drying tube, the moisture is reduced from 100% to 8 to 11%.
Insbesondere im Trocknungsrohr wird der Leim unerwünscht einer Temperaturbehandlung ausgesetzt. Ab ca. 80° wird Leim nämlich nachteilhaft belastet bzw. aktiviert. Aktivierter Leim ist für den nachfolgenden Verarbeitungsschritt, bei dem die beleimten Fasern zur Platte verpresst werden, nicht mehr einsetzbar.In particular, in the drying tube, the glue is undesirably exposed to a temperature treatment. From about 80 ° glue is namely charged or activated disadvantageously. Activated glue is for the subsequent processing step in which the glued fibers are pressed to the plate, no longer usable.
Durch den vorgenannten Stand der Technik wird der aktive Teil des Leims reduziert. Von den ursprünglich 22 Gew.-% sind nur noch 1 bis 8 Gew.-% gemäß dem geschilderten Stand der Technik einsatzbereit, wenn das Faser-Leim-Gemisch das Trocknungsrohr verlässt.By the aforementioned prior art, the active part of the glue is reduced. Of the original 22 wt .-%, only 1 to 8 wt .-% according to the described prior art are ready for use when the fiber-glue mixture leaves the drying tube.
Bei HDF-, MDF-Platten wie auch bei Spanplatten wird derzeit ein Leim auf einer Formaldehyd-Harnstoffbasis eingesetzt. Werden Platten für den Fußbodenbereich hergestellt, so wird dem Leim Melanin hinzugefügt. Hierdurch soll die Quellung verhindert werden, die aufgrund von Feuchtigkeit auftreten kann.For HDF, MDF and chipboard, glue is currently used on a formaldehyde-urea basis. If panels are made for the floor area, melanin is added to the glue. This is to prevent the swelling that can occur due to moisture.
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Problemstellung ist also, dass ein Teil des Leims durch die Temperaturbehandlung für den eigentlichen Verarbeitungsschritt verloren ist. Nachteilhaft muss also wesentlich mehr Leim den Fasern oder den Spänen zugefügt werden, als dies erforderlich ist, um die Fasern oder die Späne in einer Presse unter Zufuhr von Temperatur zu verpressen und so zum gewünschten Ergebnis, also zur MDF-Platte zu gelangen. Derzeit weist eine MDF-Platte ca. 60 kg Leim pro m3 auf.Problem is so that a part of the glue is lost by the temperature treatment for the actual processing step. Disadvantageously, considerably more glue must be added to the fibers or the chips than is required in order to press the fibers or the chips in a press under the supply of temperature and thus obtain the desired result, that is to say the MDF board. Currently, an MDF board has about 60 kg of glue per m 3 .
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Schaffung einer Platte mit geringerem Leimanteil im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik.The object of the invention is to provide a plate with a lower proportion of glue compared to the prior art.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch eine Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs sowie durch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit den Merkmalen des Nebenanspruchs gelöst. Es resultiert eine Platte mit den Merkmalen des weiteren Nebenanspruchs. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The object of the invention is achieved by a method having the features of the main claim and by a device for carrying out the method with the features of the independent claim. The result is a plate with the features of the other independent claim. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe der Erfindung werden die Fasern oder Späne insbesondere erst getrocknet und anschließend wird Leim mit den getrockneten Fasern oder Spänen bei Temperaturen gemischt, die wesentlich unterhalb der Trocknungstemperaturen liegen und zwar insbesondere unter 100°C. Hierdurch wird vermieden, dass der Leim unerwünscht den relativ heißen Temperaturen ausgesetzt wird, die während der Trocknung auftreten.In order to achieve the object of the invention, the fibers or chips are first dried and then glue is mixed with the dried fibers or chips at temperatures which are substantially below the drying temperatures, in particular below 100 ° C. This avoids that the glue is undesirably exposed to the relatively hot temperatures that occur during drying.
Ferner wird der Vorteil erzielt, dass im Trockner bzw. Trocknungsrohr lediglich Wasser, aber keine Chemikalien getrocknet werde. Hieraus ergeben sich Umweltvorteile, da die Trockenluft nicht nachteilhaft mit Dämpfen, die gemäß dem Stand der Technik vom Leim stammen, belastet wird.Furthermore, the advantage is achieved that in the dryer or drying tube only water, but no chemicals are dried. This results in environmental benefits, since the dry air is not adversely affected with vapors that come from the glue according to the prior art.
Die Fasern oder Späne, die getrocknet werden, sind vorteilhaft nicht mit Leim behaftet. Leim "stört" den Trockenvorgang. Es werden also im Trockner im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik auch erhebliche Energiemengen eingespart, die andernfalls für die Trocknung eingesetzt werden müssen. Erhebliche Kostenvorteile sind die Folge.The fibers or chips that are dried are advantageously not covered with glue. Glue "disturbs" the drying process. Thus, in comparison with the prior art, considerable amounts of energy are saved in the dryer, which otherwise have to be used for drying. Significant cost advantages are the result.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Beleimung wird auf dem Gebiet der MDF-Platten die Menge des benötigten Leims reduziert. Es gelingt eine Reduzierung auf 45 bis 55 kg pro m3 Platte. Ein typischer Wert liegt bei 50 bis 52 kg pro m3 Platte.The glueing according to the invention reduces the amount of glue required in the field of MDF boards. It succeeds in reducing to 45 to 55 kg per m 3 plate. A typical value is 50 to 52 kg per m 3 plate.
Eine wesentliche Größe, um die geeignete Beleimung von Fasern oder Spänen zu bewirken, ist das "richtige" Verhältnis von Fasern-bzw. Spänen zu Leim. Erfindungsgemäß werden daher in einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens die getrockneten Fasern oder Späne vor der Beleimung einer Bandwaage zugeführt. Auf der Bandwaage werden die Fasern oder Späne auf der einen Seite mittels eines umlaufenden Transportbandes weiter transportiert, auf der anderen Seite werden sie gewogen. Hierdurch wird die Information erhalten, welche Menge an Leim den Fasern im nachfolgenden Schritt zuzufügen ist.An essential factor for effecting suitable gluing of fibers or chips is the "correct" ratio of fibers or chips. Chips to glue. According to the invention, therefore, in one embodiment of the method, the dried fibers or chips are fed before gluing a belt weigher. On the belt scale, the fibers or shavings on one side by means of a circulating conveyor belt transported on the other side, they are weighed. This gives the information as to what amount of glue is to be added to the fibers in the subsequent step.
Die zugeführten Fasern oder Späne werden über die Bandwaage an die nachfolgende Einrichtung übergeben. Mögliche Gewichtsschwankungen der zugeführten Fasern werden während des Transportes erfasst, registriert und in einer Ausführungsform gespeichert. Diese Daten werden aufbereitet und dienen als Stellgröße der nachfolgenden Beleimung. Diese Regelung berücksichtigt in einer Ausführungsform auch die Transportzeit des Materials, die zwischen dem Messpunkt und dem Erreichen nachfolgender Einrichtungen wie zum Beispiel einer Einzugswalze vergeht. Dadurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Veränderung der Einzugsgeschwindigkeit auch an der tatsächlichen Gewichtsschwankung erfolgt.The supplied fibers or chips are transferred to the subsequent device via the belt weigher. Possible weight fluctuations of the supplied fibers are detected during transport, registered and stored in one embodiment. These data are processed and serve as a manipulated variable for the subsequent gluing. In one embodiment, this regulation also takes into account the transport time of the material which passes between the measuring point and the arrival of subsequent devices, such as a feed roller. This can ensure that the change in the intake speed is also due to the actual weight fluctuation.
Durch eine Geschwindigkeitsveränderung des Einzuges wird eine konstante Materialmenge den nachfolgenden Einrichtungen zugeführt. Die Gewichtserfassung der Fasern oder der Späne kann in kleinsten Schritten erfolgen und ermöglicht eine gleichmäßige Zuspeisung der Fasern oder der Späne mit einer Genauigkeit von zum Beispiel ± 1 %.By a change in speed of the feeder, a constant amount of material is supplied to the following facilities. The weight detection of the fibers or chips can be done in the smallest steps and allows a uniform feeding of the fibers or chips with an accuracy of, for example, ± 1%.
Es ist nicht einfach, Fasern hinreichend mit Leim zu versehen, da Fasern dazu neigen, sich watteartig zusammenbauschen. Es ist dann schwierig, den Leim auf den Fasern gleichmäßig zu verteilen. In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erfolgt die Beleimung daher in einem Mischer, in dem Leim und Fasern miteinander vermischt werden. Der Einsatz eines Mischers bietet bei Spänen vergleichbare Vorteile.It is not easy to adequately apply glue to fibers since fibers tend to bunch up like cotton wool. It is then difficult to evenly distribute the glue on the fibers. In one embodiment of the invention, the gluing is therefore carried out in a mixer in which glue and fibers are mixed together. The use of a mixer offers comparable advantages for chips.
Der Mischer weist in einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung Mittel zur Kühlung seines Gehäuses auf. Hierfür ist in einer besonders einfachen Ausführungsform ein zumindest teilweise doppelwandiges Gehäuse, so zum Beispiel ein doppelwandiges Rohr vorgesehen, welches Teil des Gehäuses des Mischers ist. Eine gekühlte Flüssigkeit, so zum Beispiel gekühltes Wasser, wird durch das doppelwandige Gehäuse hindurchgeleitet, um den Mischer bzw. seine Wände zu kühlen. Durch die Kühlung soll im Inneren eine Kondenswasserschicht auf den Wänden entstehen. Entsprechend ist die Kühlung auszulegen. Die Kondenswasserschicht bewirkt, dass beleimte sowie leimfreie Fasern oder Späne nicht an den Wänden haften bleiben und den Mischer verstopfen.The mixer has, in one embodiment of the invention, means for cooling its housing. For this purpose, in a particularly simple embodiment, an at least partially double-walled housing, so For example, provided a double-walled tube, which is part of the housing of the mixer. A cooled liquid, such as chilled water, is passed through the double-walled housing to cool the mixer or its walls. The cooling should create a condensation layer on the walls inside. Accordingly, the cooling is interpreted. The condensation layer ensures that glued and glue-free fibers or chips do not adhere to the walls and clog the mixer.
Nach der Trocknung der Fasern werden diese flächig verteilt und so aus den Fasern eine Art Vorhang gebildet. Leim wird anschließend hinzugegeben und zwar insbesondere in den Vorhang hineingesprüht. Vorzugsweise wird ein Luft-Leim-Gemisch hineingesprüht, um so eine möglichst gleichmäßige Verteilung des Leims zu gewährleisten. Durch die Bildung eines Vorhangs wird erreicht, dass der Leim gleichmäßiger auf die Fasern verteilt wird im Vergleich zu dem Fall, bei dem die Fasern watteartig vorliegen.After the fibers have dried, they are distributed over a wide area, forming a kind of curtain from the fibers. Glue is then added, in particular sprayed into the curtain. Preferably, an air-glue mixture is sprayed in, so as to ensure the most uniform distribution of the glue. The formation of a curtain achieves that the glue is distributed more uniformly on the fibers compared to the case in which the fibers are cotton-like.
Die aus den Fasern werden in einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung in Art eines Vorhanges bzw. einer Matte in den Mischer eingeführt. Der Vorhang. bzw. die Matte wird dann durch Düsen mit einem Luft-Leim-Gemisch angeblasen. Über die Düsen wird der Leim also dem Vorhang zugeführt. Anschließend wird der Vorhang vorzugsweise kontaktlos durch den Mischer hindurchgeführt. Durch die kontaktlose Durchführung wird ein Anhaften von Fasern an Wänden vorteilhaft vermieden. Verschmutzungsprobleme und damit verbunden Kosten werden so verringert.The fibers are introduced into the mixer in a further embodiment of the invention in the manner of a curtain or a mat. The curtain. or the mat is then blown through nozzles with an air-glue mixture. The glue is thus fed to the curtain via the nozzles. Subsequently, the curtain is preferably guided without contact through the mixer. The contactless implementation of an adhesion of fibers to walls is advantageously avoided. Pollution problems and associated costs are reduced.
Der Leim wird zusammen mit Luft insbesondere bei einer Temperatur von 40 bis 70 °C, bevorzugt bei einer Temperatur von 55 bis 60°C in die getrockneten Fasern hineingeblasen. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass der Leim eine trockene Außenhaut erreicht. Er wird also minimal aktiviert.The glue is blown into the dried fibers together with air, in particular at a temperature of 40 to 70.degree. C., preferably at a temperature of 55 to 60.degree. This ensures that the glue reaches a dry outer skin. It is therefore activated minimally.
Hierdurch wird verbessert erreicht, dass das anschließende Leim-Faser-Gemisch nicht an Transporteinrichtungen und Geräten, so zum Beispiel im Inneren des Mischers kleben bleibt.This ensures that the subsequent glue-fiber mixture does not stick to transport devices and devices, for example inside the mixer.
Der Leim wird in einer Ausgestaltung so präpariert, dass er nach vorgegebener Zeit aushärtet. So kann durch Temperaturbehandlung der Leim geeignet eingestellt werden. Weiter kann ein Härter eingegeben bzw. hinzugefügt werden, der nach z.B. 60 Sekunden aushärtet. Die Präparation des Leims wird insbesondere im Mischer durchgeführt oder ein Härter zusammen mit dem Leim unmittelbar vor dem Mischer den getrockneten Fasern hinzugefügt.The glue is prepared in one embodiment so that it hardens after a predetermined time. Thus, the glue can be suitably adjusted by temperature treatment. Further, a hardener may be added or added after e.g. Cured for 60 seconds. The preparation of the glue is carried out in particular in the mixer or a hardener together with the glue immediately before the mixer added to the dried fibers.
Es wird der Vorteil erzielt, dass beim späteren Verpressen der Fasern zu einer Platte der Leim sich sofort schnell verfestigt. Hierdurch kann man kürzere Presszeiten realisieren. Im jeweiligen Einzelfall wird der Zeitpunkt der Aushärtung vom Fachmann gezielt bestimmt, um zu besonders kurzen Presszeiten zu gelangen. Dies stellt einen weiteren wesentlichen wirtschaftlichen Vorteil gegenüber dem Stand der Technik dar, bei dem diese kurzen Presszeiten aufgrund der erforderlichen Aushärtezeiten des Leims nicht realisiert werden konnten.There is the advantage that when later compressing the fibers into a plate, the glue immediately solidifies quickly. This allows you to realize shorter press times. In each individual case, the time of curing by the expert is specifically determined to get to particularly short pressing times. This represents a further significant economic advantage over the prior art, in which these short pressing times could not be realized due to the required curing times of the glue.
Da der Leim wesentlich niedrigeren Temperaturen als bisher ausgesetzt wird, ist es möglich, reaktivere Leime im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik einzusetzen. Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, den Bestandteil an Chemikalien wie z.B. Formaldehyd zu reduzieren. Hieraus ergeben sich weitere Umweltvorteile.Because the glue is exposed to much lower temperatures than heretofore, it is possible to use more reactive sizes than the prior art. In addition, it is possible to add the ingredient to chemicals, e.g. Reduce formaldehyde. This results in further environmental benefits.
In einer Ausgestaltung wird der Leim mit erwärmter Luft verwirbelt und dieses Luft-Leimgemisch den getrockneten Fasern oder Spänen hinzugefügt. Die Warmluft, die zum Beispiel über eine Kabine zusammen mit dem Leim und den getrockneten Fasern oder Spänen in den Mischer eingeführt wird, aktiviert die Oberflächen der dabei erzeugten Leimtröpfchen etwas. Hierdurch wird einem Anhaften von Fasern oder Spänen an nachfolgenden Einrichtungen, so zum Beispiel an Mischerwänden, geeignet entgegengewirkt. Andernfalls müsste zum Beispiel der Mischer in kürzester Zeit gereinigt werden. Die Produktion würde dann also nachteilhaft gestoppt. Unerwünschte Reinigungskosten fallen ferner entsprechend an. Diese erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Nachteile sind gegenüber dem Nachteil, dass Leim ein wenig aktiviert wird, abzuwägen und miteinander zu vergleichen. Durch wenige Versuche kann der Fachmann ermitteln, wie weit der Leim an seiner Oberfläche zu aktivieren ist, um zu einem optimalen wirtschaftlichen Ergebnis zu gelangen. Der Anteil an aktivierten Leim wird im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik stets gering sein.In one embodiment, the glue is vortexed with heated air and this air-glue mixture added to the dried fibers or chips. The hot air, which is introduced into the mixer, for example, via a booth together with the glue and the dried fibers or chips, activates the surfaces of the produced material Glue droplets something. As a result, adhesion of fibers or chips to subsequent devices, such as mixer walls, is suitably counteracted. Otherwise, for example, the mixer would have to be cleaned in no time. The production would then be stopped disadvantageously. Unwanted cleaning costs are also incurred accordingly. These significant economic drawbacks have to be weighed against the disadvantage that glue is activated a little and compared with each other. By means of a few tests, the person skilled in the art can determine how far the glue is to be activated on its surface in order to achieve an optimum economic result. The proportion of activated glue will always be low compared to the prior art.
Nach der Zugabe des Leims zu den getrockneten Fasern oder Spänen wird die freie Oberfläche des Leims in einer Ausgestaltung durch eine hierfür geeignete Einrichtung weiter etwas aktiviert, um so nachfolgende Verarbeitungsschritte zu erleichtern. Nach der Zugabe des Leims zu den getrockneten Fasern oder Spänen, insbesondere nach Verlassen des Mischers gelangen die mit Leim behafteten Fasern oder Späne deshalb vorzugsweise in ein Steigrohr, welches insbesondere 10 bis 30 m, vorzugsweise ca. 20 m lang ist. Der Durchmesser des Steigrohres liegt insbesondere bei 1 bis 4 Metern.After the glue has been added to the dried fibers or chips, in one embodiment the free surface of the glue is further activated by means suitable for this purpose so as to facilitate subsequent processing steps. After the addition of the glue to the dried fibers or shavings, in particular after leaving the mixer, the fibers or shavings affected by glue therefore preferably pass into a riser pipe, which is in particular 10 to 30 m, preferably about 20 m long. The diameter of the riser is in particular at 1 to 4 meters.
Das Steigrohr wird bevorzugt ebenfalls gekühlt und ist seinerseits dann beispielsweise doppelwandig, um eine Kühlflüssigkeit zwischen die beiden Wände einer Doppelwand hindurchzuleiten. Zielsetzung ist wiederum die Bildung einer Kondenswasserschicht auf den Innenwänden des Steigrohres, damit die beleimten Fasern oder Späne nicht an den Wänden haften bleiben.The riser is preferably also cooled and in turn is then, for example, double-walled to pass a cooling fluid between the two walls of a double wall. The objective is in turn the formation of a condensation layer on the inner walls of the riser, so that the glued fibers or chips do not adhere to the walls.
Durch das Steigrohr können die beleimten Fasern oder Späne besonders einfach kontaktlos durch einen Luft- oder Gasstrom hindurchgeführt werden.Due to the riser, the glued fibers or chips can be passed through a stream of air or gas in a particularly easy contactless manner.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Fasern oder Späne mit einer Geschwindigkeit von wenigstens 25 m/sec, vorzugsweise von wenigstens 35 Meter pro Sekunde durch das Steigrohr hindurchgeführt werden sollten. Ist die Geschwindigkeit geringer, so bleiben Fasern oder Späne trotz der vorgenannten Maßnahmen an dem Steigrohr verstärkt haften. Hierdurch würde das Steigrohr unnötig schnell verschmutzen. Als niedrigere Geschwindigkeiten vorgesehen worden sind, musste das Steigrohr bereits nach 8 Stunden gesäubert werden. Durch Einstellen einer geeigneten Geschwindigkeit konnte die Zyklen auf 7 bis 8 Tage ausgeweitet werden. Es musste also lediglich jede Woche das Steigrohr gereinigt werden.It has been found that the fibers or chips should be passed through the riser at a rate of at least 25 meters per second, preferably at least 35 meters per second. If the speed is lower, fibers or chips remain adhered to the riser despite the aforementioned measures. This would dirty the riser unnecessarily fast. As lower speeds have been provided, the riser had to be cleaned already after 8 hours. By setting a suitable speed, the cycles could be extended to 7 to 8 days. So it just had to be cleaned every week the riser.
Die maximale Geschwindigkeit, mit der die mit Leim behafteten Fasern oder Späne durch das Steigrohr hindurchgeblasen werden, hängt von der Leistungsfähigkeit der nachfolgenden Komponenten bzw. Einrichtungen ab. Hier ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die nachfolgenden Komponenten bzw. Einrichtungen in der Lage sein müssen, die ankommende Menge Fasern oder Spänen zu verarbeiten. In der Praxis konnte derzeit eine Obergrenze von 40 Meter pro Sekunde problemlos realisiert werden. Ab 50 Meter pro Sekunde waren die bisher eingesetzten nachfolgenden Komponenten überlastet. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass die obere Geschwindigkeitsgrenze gesteigert werden kann, sobald leistungsfähigere nachfolgende Komponenten zur Verfügung stehen. Grundsätzlich gilt, dass höhere Transportgeschwindigkeiten im Steigrohr von Vorteil sind, da dann Verschmutzungsprobleme und hiermit einhergehende Produktionsstillstände entsprechend verringert werden.The maximum speed at which the glued fibers or chips are blown through the riser depends on the performance of the subsequent components or devices. It should be noted that the following components or devices must be able to process the incoming amount of fibers or chips. In practice, an upper limit of 40 meters per second could currently be realized without any problems. From 50 meters per second, the following components were overloaded. It goes without saying that the upper speed limit can be increased as soon as more powerful downstream components are available. Basically, higher transport speeds in the riser are advantageous, since then pollution problems and associated production stoppages are reduced accordingly.
Durch Vorsehen eines Steigrohres wird erreicht, dass der Leim an der Oberfläche weiter etwas aktiviert wird, um so nachfolgende Verarbeitungsschritte geeignet durchführen zu können. Die Länge des Steigrohres ist also vom Fachmann an den gewünschten Grad der Leimaktivierung anzupassen. Der Fachmann wird bei der Auslegung die Transportgeschwindigkeit im Steigrohr berücksichtigen.By providing a riser it is achieved that the glue on the surface is further activated somewhat in order to be able to carry out subsequent processing steps in a suitable manner. The length of the riser is therefore adapted by the skilled person to the desired degree of glue activation. The expert will take into account the transport speed in the riser in the interpretation.
Im Anschluss an die Zugabe von Leim zu den getrockneten Fasern oder Spänen, insbesondere im Anschluss an die teilweise Aktivierung des Leims im Steigrohr gelangen die Fasern, die mit Leim behaftet sind, in einen Zyklonen. Hier ist der Leim nun aufgrund der vorgenannten Maßnahmen hinreichend an der Oberfläche aktiviert worden, so dass er im Zyklonen nicht mehr haften bleibt. Im Zyklonen werden die Fasern oder Späne abgeschieden und mit einem Transportmittel wie einem Band dem nächsten Verarbeitungsschritt zugeführt. Die Fasern oder Späne werden im Zyklonen von der Luft getrennt. Das Transportmittel leitet die Fasern oder Späne in einer Ausführungsform in ein Sichtgerät. Im Sichtgerät werden die Fasern auf grobe Bestandteile hin untersucht. Die groben Bestandteile werden automatisiert aussortiert. Grobe Bestandteile sind beispielsweise Leimklumpen.Following the addition of glue to the dried fibers or shavings, especially following the partial activation of the glue in the riser, the fibers which are contaminated with glue enter a cyclone. Here, the glue has now been activated sufficiently on the surface due to the aforementioned measures, so that it no longer adheres in the cyclone. In the cyclone, the fibers or chips are deposited and fed to the next processing step with a transport means such as a belt. The fibers or chips are separated from the air in the cyclone. The transport means directs the fibers or chips in one embodiment into a viewing device. In the viewer, the fibers are examined for coarse constituents. The coarse ingredients are sorted out automatically. Coarse ingredients are, for example, glue lumps.
Vom Sichtgerät werden die Fasern oder Späne mittels eines Bandes weiter zur Presse transportiert und hier zur Platte verpresst. Die Presse besteht bevorzugt aus gegeneinander gepressten, umlaufenden Pressbändern, die geeignet temperiert werden. So kann kontinuierlich verpresst werden. Die Temperatur ist vom Fachmann auf den jeweils verwendeten Leim abzustimmen. Die Energiemenge und die hieraus resultierenden. Temperaturen für die beiden Pressbänder sind in einer Ausführungsform daher unterschiedlich gewählt, um so einen Verzug bei der hergestellten Platte zu vermeiden. Der Temperaturunterschied beträgt ohne weiteres 20° bei Presstemperaturen, die um die 200 °C liegen.From the viewing device, the fibers or chips are transported by means of a belt on to the press and pressed here to the plate. The press is preferably made of pressed against each other, rotating press belts, which are suitably tempered. So can be pressed continuously. The temperature must be adjusted by the skilled person to the particular glue used. The amount of energy and the resulting. Temperatures for the two press belts are therefore chosen differently in one embodiment, so as to avoid a delay in the produced plate. The temperature difference is easily 20 ° at pressing temperatures which are around 200 ° C.
Die Düsen, über die der Leim den Fasern in einer Ausgestaltung zugegeben wird, sind bevorzugt kegelförmig ausgestaltet. Durch die Kegelspitze tritt der Leim dann tröpfchenartig aus, so dass hierdurch eine gleichmäßig Verteilung des Leims vorteilhaft gefördert, also verbessert wird.The nozzles, via which the glue is added to the fibers in one embodiment, are preferably configured conical. By the cone tip, the glue then emerges droplet-like, so that in this way a uniform distribution of the glue advantageously promoted, that is improved.
Von Vorteil ist zur Vermeidung von Reinigungsarbeiten und einem hiermit einhergehenden Stillstand der Produktion, wenn der zum Beispiel aus den Düsen austretende Leim nachfolgende Werkzeuge, so zum Beispiel die im Mischer befindlichen Werkzeuge nicht kontaktiert. Der Leim wird daher bevorzugt direkt in Richtung der Fasern oder Späne zum Beispiel gelenkt, also zum Beispiel gespritzt. Im übrigen ist dann insbesondere auf einen genügenden Abstand zwischen Düsen und nachfolgenden Werkzeugen in einem Mischer zu achten. In der Praxis hat sich herausgestellt, dass der Abstand zwischen Werkzeugen im Mischer und den Düsen wenigstens 1 Meter, bevorzugt wenigstens 2 Meter betragen sollte, wenn der Leim horizontal eingespritzt wird. Die Fasern werden dann senkrecht zu Beginn des Mischers eingeführt und in diesem horizontal weiter transportiert. Die genannten, konkreten Abstandswerte beziehen sich natürlich nur auf einen konkreten Einzelfall. Sie sind nicht allgemeingültig, da es schließlich auch auf die Geschwindigkeit ankommt, mit der der Leim aus den Düsen austritt.It is advantageous to avoid cleaning work and a concomitant stoppage of production when the glue emerging from the nozzles, for example, does not contact subsequent tools, for example the tools located in the mixer. The glue is therefore preferably directed directly in the direction of the fibers or chips, for example, sprayed, for example. Moreover, it is then in particular to ensure a sufficient distance between nozzles and subsequent tools in a mixer. In practice, it has been found that the distance between tools in the mixer and the nozzles should be at least 1 meter, preferably at least 2 meters, when the glue is injected horizontally. The fibers are then introduced perpendicular to the beginning of the mixer and transported horizontally in this. Of course, the specified, specific distance values refer only to a specific individual case. They are not universal, because it depends on the speed at which the glue escapes from the nozzles.
Wird eine Leim-Luft-Gemisch in Richtung der Fasern gespritzt, so steht vorteilhaft zugleich ein Luftstrom bereit, mit dem die Fasern zunächst möglichst kontaktlos durch nachfolgende Einrichtungen wie einem Mischer oder einem Steigrohr geblasen und damit transportiert werden. Anstelle von Luft kann grundsätzlich auch ein Gas eingesetzt werden.If a glue-air mixture is sprayed in the direction of the fibers, then advantageously there is at the same time an air flow with which the fibers are initially blown as contactlessly as possible by subsequent devices such as a mixer or a standpipe and thus transported. In principle, a gas can also be used instead of air.
Als Werkzeuge in einem Mischer werden insbesondere Rührgeräte eingesetzt, die eine Durchmischung der Fasern mit dem Leim bewirken.As tools in a mixer stirring devices are used in particular, which cause a mixing of the fibers with the glue.
Um zu guten Ergebnissen zu gelangen, gelangen die Fasern in Form eines Vorhangs vor die Düsen. Hierdurch wird zusätzlich zu den bereits genannten Vorteilen vermieden, dass Leim in den Mischer hineinspritzt und hier Werkzeuge verschmutzt. Andernfalls würden die Fasern an den Werkzeugen anhaften, und der Mischer würde in kürzester Zeit verstopft und müsste in kurzen Abständen gereinigt werden.To get good results, the fibers come in the form of a curtain in front of the nozzles. As a result, in addition to the advantages already mentioned avoided that glue injected into the mixer and dirty tools here. Otherwise, the fibers would adhere to the tools and the mixer would clog in no time and would need to be cleaned at short intervals.
Die Werkzeuge im Mischer sind in einer Ausgestaltung an einer zentral eingebauten Achse befestigt und bestehen aus sternförmig abstehenden Stangen, die ähnlich wie ein Ruderblatt in einen flachen Bereich übergehen. Insgesamt wird ein Stern aus zum Beispiel vier Werkzeugen gebildet. Je zwei Werkzeuge schließen also einen Winkel von 90° ein. Im Vergleich zum Luftstrom, der durch den Mischer fließt, sind die Ruderblätter schräg gestellt. Hierdurch wird eine Verwirbelung der Luft erzielt und damit eine gute Durchmischung der Fasern bzw. Späne mit dem Leim. Mehrere durch Werkzeuge gebildete "Sterne" sind in gleichmäßigen Abständen an der Achse befestigt. Die Fasern oder Späne werden dann parallel zur Achse durch den Mischer transportiert. Ganz allgemein sind die Werkzeuge also so insbesondere beschaffen, dass neben den Fasern oder Spänen Luft verwirbelt wird. Propellerartig wirkende oder propellerartige Werkzeuge sind also zu bevorzugen.The tools in the mixer are fastened in one embodiment to a centrally mounted axis and consist of star-shaped protruding rods, which go similar to a rudder blade in a flat area. Overall, a star is formed from, for example, four tools. Each two tools thus include an angle of 90 °. Compared to the air flow that flows through the mixer, the rudder blades are tilted. As a result, a turbulence of the air is achieved and thus a good mixing of the fibers or chips with the glue. Several "stars" formed by tools are fixed at regular intervals on the axis. The fibers or chips are then transported parallel to the axis by the mixer. In general, therefore, the tools are designed in such a way that in addition to the fibers or chips air is swirled. Propeller-like or propeller-like tools are therefore to be preferred.
Aus den Fasern wird ein Vorhang wie folgt erzeugt.From the fibers, a curtain is produced as follows.
Ein Transportmittel, so zum Beispiel ein Transportband bzw. eine Bandwaage ist am Ende mit wenigstens einer, bevorzugt mit mehreren Walzen versehen. Durch die Walze(n) werden die Fasern hindurchgeführt. Die Walzen sind insbesondere gegeneinander gedrückt. Verbleibt ein Spalt zwischen zwei Walzen oder einer Walze und einer angrenzenden Fläche, so ist dies grundsätzlich unschädlich. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass durch die Walzen eine Art Vorhang oder Matte aus den Fasern gebildet wird. Es wird also die Vorhangform durch die Walzen erzeugt.A transport, such as a conveyor belt or a belt weigher is provided at the end with at least one, preferably with a plurality of rollers. Through the roller (s), the fibers are passed. The rollers are pressed against each other in particular. Remains a gap between two rollers or a roller and an adjacent surface, this is basically harmless. This ensures that a kind of curtain or mat is formed from the fibers by the rollers. So it is the curtain shape generated by the rollers.
Es wird dabei bevorzugt ein Transportband eingesetzt, da dieses eine gleichmäßige Zuführung von Fasern zu den Walzen gewährleistet. Wird eine Bandwaage eingesetzt, so wird in einer Ausführungsform die Geschwindigkeit der Zuführung zu den Walzen so gesteuert, dass den Walzen eine besonders gleichbleibende Menge an Fasern zugeführt wird. Gemäß dem Stand der Technik werden regelmäßig Schnecken zum Transport von Fasern bei der Herstellung von MDF-Platten eingesetzt. Fasern verlassen Schnecken jedoch relativ ungleichmäßig. Ein entsprechend ungleichmäßiger aus den Fasern gebildeter Vorhang wäre die Folge. Ein gleichmäßig dicker und breiter Vorhang ist von Vorteil, um eine gleichmäßige Leimverteilung zu erreichen. Außerdem wird so erreicht, dass der Vorhang eingespritzten Leim von nachfolgenden Werkzeugen zuverlässig trennt.It is preferably used a conveyor belt, as this ensures a uniform supply of fibers to the rollers. When a belt weigher is used, in one embodiment, the speed of delivery to the rollers is controlled to provide the rollers with a particularly consistent amount of fiber. According to the prior art, worms are regularly used for transporting fibers in the production of MDF boards. However, fibers leave snails relatively unevenly. A corresponding uneven curtain formed from the fibers would result. A uniformly thick and wide curtain is an advantage to achieve a uniform glue distribution. In addition, it is achieved so that the curtain reliably separates injected glue from subsequent tools.
Insbesondere durch die (zusammengepressten) Walzen zur Erzeugung des Vorhangs wird vermieden, dass die Fasern watte- oder klumpenartig weitergeleitet werden. Dies würde die gewünschte gleichmäßige Beleimung behindern.In particular, by the (compressed) rollers for the production of the curtain is avoided that the fibers are transmitted in a cotton or lumpy manner. This would hinder the desired uniform gluing.
Um eine hinreichend große Menge an Fasern zu einem Vorhang verarbeiten zu können sowie zur Erzielung eines besonders gleichmäßigen Vorhangs, sind in einer Ausführungsform mehr als zwei Walzen eingesetzt, durch die Fasern zur Erzeugung eines Vorhangs hindurch geleitet werden. Die Walzen sind vorzugsweise versetzt übereinander so angeordnet, dass ein spitzer Winkel der Walzen mit einem Transportmittel so zum Beispiel einem Transportband bzw. der Bandwaage eingeschlossen wird. Hierdurch kann genügend Material dem Transportmittel zugegeben, also zum Beispiel auf die Bandwaage gegeben werden, um eine hinreichend große Menge an Fasern gleichmäßig verarbeiten zu können.In order to be able to process a sufficiently large amount of fibers into a curtain and to achieve a particularly uniform curtain, in one embodiment, more than two rollers are used, are passed through the fibers to produce a curtain. The rollers are preferably offset one above the other so arranged that an acute angle of the rollers is enclosed with a means of transport such as a conveyor belt or belt scale. As a result, sufficient material can be added to the means of transport, that is, for example, be placed on the belt weigher to process a sufficiently large amount of fibers evenly.
In der Praxis hat sich bisher herausgestellt, dass insgesamt vier Walzen besonders vorteilhaft sind, um einen Vorhang aus den Fasern zu erzeugen, der anschließend mechanisch beleimt wird.In practice, it has hitherto been found that a total of four rolls are particularly advantageous in order to produce a curtain of the fibers, which is then mechanically glued.
Die Öffnung, durch die der aus Fasern bestehende Vorhang in einer Ausführungsform in oder vor den Mischer eingeführt wird, entspricht bevorzugt der maximalen Breite des Mischergehäuses, also zum Beispiel dem Durchmesser des genannten Rohres, das zugleich die Wände des Mischers bildet. Hierdurch ist sichergestellt, dass die gesamte Breite im Mischer durch den Vorhang abgedeckt wird. Andernfalls könnte Leim an den verbleibenden Öffnungen seitlich am Vorhang vorbei in das Innere des Mischers hineinspritzen, und die vorgenannten Verschmutzungsprobleme würden auftreten.The aperture through which the fiberized curtain is inserted into or in front of the mixer in one embodiment preferably corresponds to the maximum width of the mixer housing, for example the diameter of said tube which at the same time forms the walls of the mixer. This ensures that the entire width in the mixer is covered by the curtain. Otherwise, glue could splash past the remaining openings laterally past the curtain into the interior of the mixer, and the aforementioned fouling problems would occur.
Würde nicht die gesamte Breite des Mischers abgedeckt, so würde nicht nur Leim in den Mischer hineinspritzen, sondern es würden auch verstärkt Randfasern mitgerissen werden, die verklumpen. Hierdurch wird die Qualität des Materials beeinträchtigt. Entsprechende Produktionsprobleme, bzw. Aufarbeitung des Materials muss nachteilhaft und kostenintensiv betrieben werden.If the entire width of the mixer were not covered, not only would glue splash into the mixer, but edge fibers would also increasingly be entrained, causing them to clump together. This will affect the quality of the material. Corresponding production problems, or work-up of the material must be operated disadvantageously and cost-intensive.
Die seitlichen Wände des Mischers werden in der Praxis vorzugsweise auf 7 bis 15 °C, insbesondere auf 10 bis 12°C abgekühlt. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass eine Kondenswasserschicht sich auf den Wänden absetzt. Durch die Kondenswasserschicht wird das Ankleben verhindert.The lateral walls of the mixer are preferably cooled in practice to 7 to 15 ° C, in particular to 10 to 12 ° C. In this way it is achieved that a condensation layer settles on the walls. The condensation layer prevents sticking.
Die genannten Temperaturen eignen sich auch für die Bildung einer Kondenswasserschicht an den Innenwänden innerhalb des Steigrohres.The temperatures mentioned are also suitable for the formation of a condensation layer on the inner walls within the riser.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden zunächst Holzspäne oder Holzhackschnitzel in den festen Holzbestandteil Cellulose und in die flüssigen Bestandteile Lignin und flüssige Hemicellulose zerlegt.In a further embodiment of the invention, first wood chips or wood chips are decomposed into the solid wood component cellulose and the liquid components lignin and liquid hemicellulose.
Lignin und Hemicellulose werden von den festen Bestandteilen getrennt und als Leim eingesetzt, also erfindungsgemäß mit den getrockneten Holzfasern oder Holzspänen vermischt. Die festen Holzbestandteile werden zu Fasern oder Spänen weiter verarbeitet. Die flüssigen Anteile können zum Beispiel in einem sogenannten Agitator von den festen Anteilen getrennt werden. Die vorgenannten Bestandteile, die erhalten werden, liegen typischerweise bei: 20 bis 35 Gew.-% Hemicellulose, 45 bis 50 Gew.-% Cellulose sowie 20 bis 35 Gew.-% Lignin.Lignin and hemicellulose are separated from the solid components and used as a glue, so according to the invention mixed with the dried wood fibers or wood chips. The solid wood components are processed into fibers or chips. For example, the liquid fractions may be separated from the solid fractions in a so-called agitator. The aforementioned ingredients which are obtained are typically from 20% to 35% by weight of hemicellulose, from 45% to 50% by weight of cellulose and from 20% to 35% by weight of lignin.
Hackschnitzel werden in einer Ausführungsform zunächst in eine Stopfschnecke hineingegeben. Von der Stopfschnecke aus gelangen die Hackschnitzel im komprimierten Zustand in einen Kochbehälter hinein und werden hier bei hohem Druck gekocht. Der Kochbehälter ist entsprechend auf hohe Drucke ausgelegt. Der Druck im Kochbehälter beträgt insbesondere wenigstens 12 bis 22 bar. Gemäß dem Stand der Technik werden Hackschnitzel in der Regel bei Drucken von lediglich 8 bis 9 bar gekocht. Durch die Temperaturdampfbehandlung werden die festen Holzbestandteile (Cellulose) vom Lignin und Hemicellulose, die flüssige Anteile darstellen, getrennt. Die Cellulose liegt in fester Form vor. Die beiden anderen Komponenten Lignin und Hemicellulose sind flüssig und können grundsätzlich als Leim eingesetzt werden. Die Klebkraft wird dabei überwiegend von der Hemicellulose bewirkt.Wood chips are first added in an embodiment in a plug screw. From the plug screw from the wood chips arrive in the compressed state in a cooking container and are cooked here at high pressure. The cooking container is designed for high pressures. The pressure in the cooking vessel is in particular at least 12 to 22 bar. According to the state of the art, wood chips are usually cooked at pressures of only 8 to 9 bar. The thermal steam treatment separates the solid wood components (cellulose) from lignin and hemicellulose, which are liquid components. The cellulose is in solid form. The two other components lignin and hemicellulose are liquid and can be used as a glue in principle. The adhesive force is mainly caused by the hemicellulose.
Es ist zwar aus der Druckschrift
Die in der vorbeschriebenen Weise erhaltenen flüssigen Anteile Hemicellulose sowie Lignin werden in einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung mit konventionellem Leim gemischt. Der Anteil an Hemicellulose sowie Lignin in der Leimmischung beträgt bevorzugt nicht mehr als 20 Gew.-%. Das Gemisch enthält darüber hinaus insbesondere einen Leim auf einer Formaldehyd-Harnstoff-Basis.The liquid fractions hemicellulose and lignin obtained in the manner described above are mixed in one embodiment of the invention with conventional glue. The proportion of hemicellulose and lignin in the glue mixture is preferably not more than 20 wt .-%. In particular, the mixture contains a glue on a formaldehyde-urea basis.
Wird ein Leimgemisch eingesetzt, der mehr als 20 Gew.-% Anteile an Hemicellulose und Lignin enthält, so wird die Presszeit (bei einem ergänzenden Einsatz der derzeit konventionell zur Verfügung stehenden synthetischen Leime) zu lag, während der die beleimten Fasern zur Platte verpresst wird. Es ist daher wirtschaftlicher, Hemicellulose und Lignin mit anderem Leim oder Leimgemischen zu mischen. Auf diese Weise kann einerseits konventioneller Leim eingespart werden und andererseits wird das Verfahren nicht aufgrund langer Presszeiten zu lang und damit unwirtschaftlich. Welche Obergrenze für die Anteile an Hemicellulose und Lignin wirtschaftlich sinnvoll ist, hängt natürlich von der Reaktivität des Leims ab, mit dem die Bestandteile Hemicellulose und Lignin gemischt werden. Die genannte Obergrenze von 20 Gew.-% stellt daher lediglich ein Richtwert bzw. Erfahrungswert dar.If a glue mixture is used which contains more than 20% by weight of hemicellulose and lignin, the pressing time (in the case of a complementary use of the currently available synthetic glues) is to be during which the glued fibers are pressed to the plate , It is therefore more economical to mix hemicellulose and lignin with other glue or glue mixtures. In this way, on the one hand conventional glue can be saved and on the other hand, the process is not too long due to long pressing times and thus uneconomical. Of course, the upper limit for the proportions of hemicellulose and lignin that is economically viable depends, of course, on the reactivity of the glue with which the components hemicellulose and Lignin be mixed. The stated upper limit of 20% by weight therefore represents only a guideline or empirical value.
Da u.a. Luft für den Transport der Fasern mit dem Leim durch den Mischer vorgesehen wird, weisen die Düsen zur Einspeisung von Leim in einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung einen Abstand zum Gehäuse des Mischers auf. Vor einer Öffnung des Mischergehäuses befinden sich dann die Düsen. Zwischen Düsen und Öffnung verbleibt damit ein Spalt oder Ringspalt, über den Luft mitgerissen und so geeignet zugeführt werden kann. Darüber hinaus kann bei dieser Ausgestaltung die Luft, die über den Spalt oder Ringspalt eingeführt wird, vorgewärmt werden, um eine gewünschte Temperatur im Mischer bereitzustellen, insbesondere um so eine Aktivierung des Leims an der Oberfläche zu fördern.Since u.a. Air is provided for the transport of the fibers with the glue through the mixer, the nozzles for feeding glue in an embodiment of the invention at a distance from the housing of the mixer. Before an opening of the mixer housing are then the nozzles. Between the nozzle and the opening thus remains a gap or annular gap, entrained by the air and can be supplied as suitable. Moreover, in this embodiment, the air introduced through the gap or annulus may be preheated to provide a desired temperature in the mixer, particularly so as to promote activation of the glue on the surface.
Werkzeuge im Inneren des Mischers sind in einer Ausgestaltung auf einer Achse angebracht. Ringförmig um die Achse herum sind dann die Düsen zur Einspeisung von Leim angeordnet, um so Fasern gleichmäßig mit Leim zu versehen. Die Fasern bzw. der aus Fasern bestehende Vorhang werden dann bevorzugt senkrecht zur Achse zwischen Düsen und Werkzeugen zugeführt. In Abhängigkeit von dem Durchmesser des Mischers werden Düsen in einer oder mehreren Reihen ringförmig angeordnet. Bei entsprechend großem Durchmesser wird die gesamte Öffnung des Mischers mit Leim besprüht, indem eine zweite Reihe an Düsen ringförmig um die Achse herum angeordnet ist.Tools in the interior of the mixer are mounted in one embodiment on an axis. Annular around the axis are then arranged the nozzles for feeding glue, so as to provide fibers evenly with glue. The fibers or the curtain made of fibers are then preferably fed perpendicularly to the axis between nozzles and tools. Depending on the diameter of the mixer, nozzles are arranged annularly in one or more rows. With a correspondingly large diameter, the entire opening of the mixer is sprayed with glue by arranging a second row of nozzles in a ring around the axis.
Zu den aus festen Holzbestandteilen bestehenden Fasern werden in einer Ausgestaltung zusätzlich Glasfasern oder Kunststofffasern hinzugegeben. Die Zugabe erfolgt insbesondere im oder unmittelbar vor dem Mischer. Hierdurch können besonders gut plattenartige Formteile hergestellt werden, die zum Beispiel als Innenverkleidung in einem Auto vorgesehen werden. Solche geformten Platten können in der Automobilindustrie beispielsweise als Hutablage eingesetzt werden. Es genügt dann, das Schichtsystem lediglich vorzupressen. Ein Endpressschritt muss nicht durchgeführt werden.In addition to the fibers consisting of solid wood constituents, glass fibers or synthetic fibers are additionally added in one embodiment. The addition takes place in particular in or immediately before the mixer. As a result, particularly well plate-like molded parts can be produced, which are provided for example as interior trim in a car. Such shaped plates can be used in the automotive industry, for example, as parcel shelf. It It then suffices to merely pre-press the layer system. A final pressing step does not have to be carried out.
In der Autoindustrie werden nicht so viele Formteile benötigt, wie Fasern üblicherweise im großindustriellen Maßstab wirtschaftlich hergestellt werden. Daher ist es wirtschaftlicher, Formteile, die insbesondere in der Automobilindustrie eingesetzt werden, zusammen mit (für die Herstellung von Paneelen vorgesehene) MDF-Platten herzustellen, um so die Fasermengen im großtechnischen Maßstab nutzen zu können. Die für die Herstellung von Paneelen vorgesehene MDF-Platten weisen eine Oberseite und eine Unterseite auf, die zueinander parallel verlaufen und die eben sind. Diese Platten sind wenige Millimeter dick. Sie weisen in der Regel keine Kunststoff- oder Glasfasern auf, da keine besonderen Formen realisiert werden müssen, die von einer ebenen Oberfläche abweichen.The automotive industry does not require as many moldings as fibers are usually economically produced on a large scale. Therefore, it is more economical to manufacture molded parts particularly used in the automobile industry together with MDF boards (intended for the manufacture of panels) so as to be able to use the quantities of fiber on an industrial scale. The intended for the production of panels MDF panels have a top and a bottom, which are parallel to each other and which are flat. These plates are a few millimeters thick. They usually have no plastic or glass fibers, since no special forms must be realized, which differ from a flat surface.
Bei der Herstellung von Formteilen sind scharfe Kanten problematisch. Diese neigen zum Aufreißen. Durch Verstärkung mit Glasfaser- oder Kunststofffasern können diese Probleme vermieden werden.In the production of molded parts, sharp edges are problematic. These tend to rip. Reinforcing with fiberglass or plastic fibers avoids these problems.
Formteile der vorgenannten Art werden auch in der Möbelindustrie eingesetzt. Solche Formteile werden z. B. bei Türen benötigt, die aus Designgründen besonders geformt sind.Moldings of the aforementioned type are also used in the furniture industry. Such moldings are z. B. needed for doors that are specially shaped for design reasons.
Im Unterschied zu aus Fasern bestehenden Platten, also zum Beispiel MDF-Ptatten, die für die Herstellung von Paneelen vorgesehen sind, genügt es bei den Formteilen, diese lediglich vorzupressen. Das Vorpressen findet bei wesentlich geringeren Drücken statt als der eigentliche Pressschritt. Der Vorpressdruck kann lediglich ein 1/3 des Drucks betragen, der für den eigentlichen Pressschritt eingesetzt wird. Der eigentliche Pressschritt kann bei Drucken von 75 bis 80 kg/cm2 durchgeführt werden.In contrast to plates consisting of fibers, for example MDF plattens, which are intended for the production of panels, it is sufficient for the molded parts to merely pre-press them. The pre-pressing takes place at much lower pressures than the actual pressing step. The pre-pressure can be only one-third of the pressure that is used for the actual pressing step. The actual pressing step can be carried out at pressures of 75 to 80 kg / cm 2 .
Der Anteil an Glasfasern und/ oder Kunststofffasern in einem Formteil beträgt bis 25 Gew.-%, bevorzugt bis 15 Gew.-%, um zu kostengünstigen Ergebnissen zu gelangen. Wenigstens 5 Gew.-% sollten eingesetzt sein.The proportion of glass fibers and / or plastic fibers in a molding is up to 25 wt .-%, preferably up to 15 wt .-%, in order to arrive at cost-effective results. At least 5% by weight should be used.
Fasern für die Herstellung von Formteilen den Fasern abzuzweigen, die für die Herstellung von MDF- oder HDF-Platten für Paneele, insbesondere für Fußbodenpaneele verwendet werden, ist auch unabhängig von den hier genannten erfindungsgemäßen Fasern besonders wirtschaftlich im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik.Fibers for the production of molded parts to the fibers, which are used for the production of MDF or HDF panels for panels, in particular for floor panels, is also independent of the fibers of the invention mentioned here particularly economical compared to the prior art.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren weiter verdeutlicht.The invention will be further clarified with reference to the following figures.
Der Mischer besteht aus einem rohrförmigen Gehäuse. Das Gehäuse wird durch eine Doppelwand 10 und 11 gebildet. Zentral im Inneren des Gehäuses ist eine Achse 12 angeordnet, auf der die Werkzeuge 9 befestigt sind. Ein Werkzeug 9 schließt mit der Achse 12 einen rechten Winkel ein. Jeweils vier ruderblattartige Werkzeuge 9 sind sternförmig zusammengefasst. Mehrere dieser zusammengefassten Werkzeuge sind in gleichförmigen Abständen auf der Achse 12 befestigt. Der vordere Bereich, in den der aus Fasern bestehende Vorhang eingeführt wird, ist frei von Werkzeugen. So wird gewährleistet, dass ein hinreichend großer Abstand zwischen den Werkzeugen 9 und den Düsen 8 vorhanden ist. Dieser Abstand ist vorgesehen, damit aus den Düsen 8 austretender Leim nicht während des Betriebes auf die Werkzeuge unmittelbar auftrifft.The mixer consists of a tubular housing. The housing is formed by a
Der Durchmesser des Gehäuses des Mischers entspricht der Breite der Öffnung, über die der aus Fasern bestehende Vorhang in den Mischer eingeführt wird. Die Breite des Vorhangs ist an die Breite der Öffnung angepasst. Die Düsen 8 sind halbkreisförmig um die Achse 12 herum in einem oberen Bereich angeordnet. Hierdurch wird bewirkt, dass einerseits der Vorhang gleichmäßig mit Leim versehen wird und andererseits der aus den Düsen 8 austretende Leim nicht unmittelbar auf Teile des Mischers auftrifft. Zwischen den Düsen 8 und dem Gehäuse 10, 11 ist ein Abstand angeordnet, so dass eine Art Ringspalt gebildet wird. Über diesen Ringspalt wird Luft angesaugt. Nicht dargestellt sind Mittel zur Erwärmung der Luft, die angesaugt wird. Es entsteht so ein Leim-Luft-Gemisch. Der mit Leim versehene Vorhang (mit anderen Worten eine aus Fasern gebildete Matte) wird durch den Luftstrom parallel zur Achse 12 durch den Mischer 2 transportiert. Die Achse rotiert während des Transports und somit die Werkzeuge 9. Dabei wird der Leim mit den Fasern weiter vermischt. Zwischen die beiden Wände 10 und 11 der Doppelwand wird eine gekühlte Flüssigkeit eingeleitet, um im Inneren des Mischers an seinen Innenwänden eine Kondenswasserschicht entstehen zu lassen.The diameter of the housing of the mixer corresponds to the width of the opening through which the fiber curtain is inserted into the mixer. The width of the curtain is adapted to the width of the opening. The
In der
Claims (15)
- A method for the manufacturing of a board, which is made of fibers or chips, comprising the steps of:- a forming of the fibers or of the chips by means of at least one roll (6) in order to provide a curtain or a mat;- an applying of an adhesive onto the curtain or onto the mat or into the curtain or into the mat at a temperature of less than 100 °C; and- a pressing of the fibers or of the chips at a temperature of more than 140 °C, in order to provide a board.
- A method for the manufacturing of a board, which is made of fibers or chips, comprising the steps of:- a drying of fibers or chips in a drying device,- a forming of the fibers or chips by means of at least one roll (6) in order to provide a curtain or a mat;- an applying of an adhesive onto the curtain or onto the mat or into the curtain or into the mat outside of the drying device at a chilled temperature; and- a pressing of the fibers or of the chips, in particular with an application of heat, in order to provide a board.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive is applied onto the fibers or onto the chips in that a mixture of adhesive and gas is sprayed onto the fibers, in particular characterized in that the adhesive is applied in an amount that 45 to 55 kg adhesive per m3 of the board is used.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers or the chips are supplied to a belt weigher (1) prior to the applying of adhesive and in that the belt weigher (1) and the applying of the adhesive is controlled in that the proportion of the adhesive and of the fibers or of the chips is substantially constant during the application of the adhesive.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers or the chips, which are provided with the adhesive, are mixed and / or swirled, in particular in a mixer (2) with cooled walls (10, 11).
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that wood is fragmented into solid components and into liquid components, and in that liquid components are applied as the adhesive onto the fibers or onto the chips, wherein the liquid components are preferably cooled down prior to the application.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive comprises lignin and hemicellulose, in particular in an amount of up to 20 % by weight.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that board-like formed parts are manufactured.
- The method in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that medium density fiberboards (MDF-boards) and / or high density fiberboards (HDF-boards) for flooring panels and formed parts are manufactured in parallel and in that the fibers, which are used therefore, come from the same device, in particular from the same milling device.
- A device for the manufacturing of a board, which is made of fibers or chips, comprising:a drying device, wherein the fibers or chips are dried,an adhesive application device, in which the fibers or the chips are provided with an adhesive; anda means for pressing the fibers or the chips, which are provided with the adhesive, in order to provide a board,characterized in thatconveyor means (1, 7) are provided, by which the fibers or the chips are moved from the drying device to the adhesive application device (2, 8), andmeans (6) in order to supply the fibers in the form of a curtain or of a mat to the adhesive application device, wherein the means (6) comprises rolls.
- The device according to claim 10, wherein a mixer (2) and a means for a cooling of its housing (10, 11) is provided, wherein preferably a mixer (2) is provided, which comprises at least in parts a double-wall housing (10, 11) and in particular a double-wall pipe.
- The device according to one of the preceding apparatus claims, wherein a cooling means is provided for the cooling of a liquid, and wherein a means is provided in order to cool the housing of a mixer and / or of a riser pipe.
- The device according to one of the preceding apparatus claims, comprising a means for the generation of a condensation water film at the inner walls of a mixer and / or of a riser pipe.
- The device according to one of the preceding apparatus claims, wherein a belt conveyor or a belt weigher (1) is provided for the supply of fibers to the rolls.
- The device according to one of the preceding apparatus claims, wherein the means (6) comprises rolls (6), which are arranged above each other and displaced to each other, in order to supply the fibers in the form of a curtain or of a mat to the adhesive application device, wherein the rolls are in particular arranged in that they enclose a sharp angle (α) together with a conveyor belt or a belt weigher (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE20112599U DE20112599U1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-01 | MDF board and manufacture |
EP01967279A EP1412147B1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-16 | Mdf board and the production thereof |
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EP12155541.1A Expired - Lifetime EP2476526B1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-16 | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of a fibre- or chipbord |
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CN (1) | CN1400085B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2416817A1 (en) |
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SI1663593T1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2008-02-29 | Kronospan Tech Co Ltd | High-pressure gluing in a fiber mixer |
ITMO20040127A1 (en) | 2004-05-25 | 2004-08-25 | Imal Srl | PROCESS OF GLUING FRAGMENTS OR WOOD SHAVINGS FOR OSB AND RELATED BONDING APPARATUS. |
DE202006012116U1 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2007-12-27 | Vöhringer GmbH | Wood panel |
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- 2001-08-16 ES ES01967279T patent/ES2389498T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-16 PT PT01967279T patent/PT1412147E/en unknown
- 2001-08-16 ES ES12155541.1T patent/ES2519641T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-16 WO PCT/EP2001/009472 patent/WO2003013808A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-08-16 EP EP01967279A patent/EP1412147B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-16 PT PT12155541T patent/PT2476526E/en unknown
- 2001-08-16 RU RU2002125407/12A patent/RU2286248C2/en active
- 2001-08-16 EP EP12155541.1A patent/EP2476526B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-16 CA CA002416817A patent/CA2416817A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-21 PL PL349240A patent/PL194518B1/en unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2389498T3 (en) | 2012-10-26 |
FR2828128B1 (en) | 2005-06-03 |
EP1412147B1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
PL194518B1 (en) | 2007-06-29 |
DE20112599U1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
EP2476526A1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
PL349240A1 (en) | 2003-02-10 |
ES2519641T3 (en) | 2014-11-07 |
CA2416817A1 (en) | 2003-02-01 |
DE10139966C2 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
PT1412147E (en) | 2012-08-22 |
NO20035856L (en) | 2005-03-24 |
PT2476526E (en) | 2014-10-22 |
CN1400085A (en) | 2003-03-05 |
RU2286248C2 (en) | 2006-10-27 |
DE10139966A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
FR2828128A1 (en) | 2003-02-07 |
WO2003013808A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
EP1412147A1 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
CN1400085B (en) | 2010-11-03 |
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