EP1663593B1 - High-pressure gluing in a fiber mixer - Google Patents

High-pressure gluing in a fiber mixer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1663593B1
EP1663593B1 EP03818847A EP03818847A EP1663593B1 EP 1663593 B1 EP1663593 B1 EP 1663593B1 EP 03818847 A EP03818847 A EP 03818847A EP 03818847 A EP03818847 A EP 03818847A EP 1663593 B1 EP1663593 B1 EP 1663593B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glue
fibers
nozzles
high pressure
chips
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP03818847A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1663593A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Stutz
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Kronospan Technical Co Ltd
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Kronospan Technical Co Ltd
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Priority to SI200330942T priority Critical patent/SI1663593T1/en
Publication of EP1663593A1 publication Critical patent/EP1663593A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
    • B27N1/0227—Mixing the material with binding agent using rotating stirrers, e.g. the agent being fed through the shaft of the stirrer
    • B27N1/0254—Mixing the material with binding agent using rotating stirrers, e.g. the agent being fed through the shaft of the stirrer with means for spraying the agent on the material before it is introduced in the mixer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of gluing fibers, which serve to produce a plate made of a wood material, as well as a device for carrying out the method.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a method for producing a plate in the overall context.
  • deciduous or coniferous wood in the form of logs, branches and / or sawmill and Industrieresthölzer be used as a starting material deciduous or coniferous wood in the form of logs, branches and / or sawmill and Industrieresthölzer be used.
  • the wood is first crushed into chips with a size of about 20 x 5 mm in a crusher 31. These chips can also come directly from the forest or from sawmills. They can be screened to separate too small or too large particles. If the chips are the right size, they can be washed to remove adhering foreign matter, especially sand and earth. Cutting and other tools are spared and not damaged in the later manufacturing and processing process.
  • Sawdust is advantageously utilized, which is placed in a silo 32.
  • the wood components are fed to a funnel-shaped Vampfampf discloseder means of conveyor belts.
  • the feed is typically in the ratio of about 6: 4 (60 wt .-% shavings, 40 wt .-% sawdust).
  • sawdust is also recovered. Costs are lowered further. Resources of raw materials are spared. The proportion of shavings should predominate, as this produces fibers and later fiber mats, which stabilize mechanically. A lower limit for the sawdust content is therefore not to be observed.
  • Vordampf discloseder 33 the wood components are mixed, pre-evaporated while 60 to 70 ° C heated.
  • the wood components are then fed to a digester 34.
  • the wood components are about 2 to 3 minutes at a pressure of 1 1 cooked to 16 bar and a temperature of 140 to 180 ° C. Pressure and temperature are chosen so that a splitting into liquid and solid wood components takes place.
  • the liquid components are separated from the solid and fed to a line 35 which is gastight connect to the cooker 34.
  • the solid wood components are fed to a defibering machine 36 (refiner).
  • the fiberizing machine 36 typically includes a stator and a rotor driven by a motor.
  • the solid wood components are broken down here into fibers.
  • the fibers which in one embodiment are mixed with sawdust, are pneumatically fed to a drying tube 37.
  • the fibers are dried at 160 to 220 ° C.
  • the drying is relatively quick and inexpensive, since the liquid wood components have already been removed.
  • the fibers enter cyclones 38. Here the steam is separated. Down the fibers are led out.
  • the temperature of the fibers is then typically 50 ° C.
  • the fibers are then mechanically glued in gluing devices 39 at comparatively cool temperatures.
  • the subsequently glued fibers have a temperature of typically 35 to 40 ° C.
  • the glued fibers pass into one or more vision devices 40.
  • the vision devices 40 include heaters to heat the fibers to 55 to 60 ° C.
  • the increase in temperature is advantageous if the plates are to be pressed at temperatures of, for example, 80 ° C.
  • the pressing step can be accelerated, since the desired temperature does not have to be reached exclusively by means of the heated press. Shorter press times lead to greater production capacities or lower acquisition costs of the presses with circulating belts, since these can then be shorter. Also, the space required for such presses is lower. As a result, further costs are saved.
  • the pre-glued fibers are fed to one or more separation devices 41. From the separating devices 41 reach the pre-glued fibers to a scattering station 42.
  • the scattering station 42 are the pre-glued fibers on a conveyor belt.
  • the conveyor belt leads the fibers to a pre-press 44. Here, the fibers are pre-pressed and compacted.
  • the pre-press comprises circulating belts between which the fibers are fed and pressed.
  • the fibers then pass through a forming line 45 which has various means of ensuring that the fibers are in the desired shape.
  • the forming line leads to a vapor deposition device 46.
  • the fibers are vapor-deposited from above and / or below.
  • the fibers can be split parallel to the conveyor belt and steamed in the "inside".
  • the fibers finally reach the main press 47, which consists of two circulating steel strips pressed against each other.
  • the pressing takes place for example at 80 ° C.
  • the plates are sawed by means of a saw 48 and fed to a holding device 49. In the holding device, the plates are held so that they do not touch.
  • the plates are cooled in this way.
  • the separated liquid components which have been supplied to the line 35 are cooled within the gas-tight sealed system. If these liquid constituents have been sufficiently cooled, they are either disposed of or fed to the gluing device 39.
  • the plates are further processed, for example, to panels.
  • the plates are then coated with papers, for example, and the layer system fed to a press. In the press, the layer system is pressed at temperatures above 150 ° C, for example at temperatures between 180 ° C and 230 ° C.
  • the resins used then cure.
  • the plate is further sawn and provided with coupling elements by milling.
  • the panels can serve as a covering for walls or floors. If these are used as floor coverings, then the panels on the top of the decor are provided with an abrasion-resistant, transparent layer.
  • a method of assembling wood chips, particles and the like materials by means of a binder to form a disk-like compact or the like is described.
  • a method for producing the compact is also disclosed.
  • the wood chips or particles are compressed together with an epoxy resin.
  • the epoxy resin is sprayed under high pressure - preferably over 200 kp / cm 2 (196 bar) - on the mass of wood chips or particles.
  • a device for the continuous gluing of wood chips comes from the DE 41 15 047 C1 out. In this case, spray nozzles are provided by means of which the glue is atomized under pressure, so that it already reaches the chips over a large area.
  • the spray nozzles can be designed as pure glue pressure nozzles, alternatively as glue-air spray nozzles.
  • glue-air spray nozzles In the WO 03/013808 After the fibers have been dried, they are distributed over a wide area and a kind of curtain or mat is formed from the fibers. Subsequently, an air-glue mixture is sprayed into the curtain so as to ensure as uniform a distribution of the glue as possible. In any case, the formation of the curtain ensures that the glue is distributed more uniformly over the fibers than when the fibers are cotton-like.
  • the glue-air mixture is thereby regularly blown into the dried fibers at a temperature of 40 to 70 ° C, so that the glue reaches a dry outer skin and only minimally activated. This can ensure that the glue-fiber mixture does not stick to transport devices, such as inside the mixer.
  • a device and a method for producing a wood panel wherein the finished panel has a high peel resistance and a high quality.
  • the method of making the wood panel comprises the steps of spraying an adhesive component and a water component each of a first nozzle and a second nozzle, which are directed against each other to mix the adhesive component with the water component, wherein a fine-grained adhesive is obtained.
  • a gluing device for the application of glue to fibers together with subsequent production of fiberboard is from the document EP 0 744 259 A2 known.
  • a method for producing boards from a wood material is the document US 5,554,330 refer to.
  • the publication GB 791,554 discloses a method for mixing solid and liquid components. Continuous mixing of chip and fibrous materials with binders is the document DE-OS 1956 898 refer to.
  • the production of glue from wood components discloses the document WO 98/37147 , Vorbedampfungs vide are in the publications DE-OS 44 41 017 . US 11 17 95 and in Danish Patent Application No. 0302/97.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method by which high-quality plates of the type mentioned can be produced inexpensively.
  • the object of the invention is also to provide a device for carrying out the method.
  • An apparatus for carrying out the method comprises the features of the independent claim.
  • Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.
  • glue is applied to the fibers at relatively low temperatures of preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
  • glue is not only sprayed, but before applying to the Fibers atomized or atomized. Instead of relatively large drops of glue in atomized form reaches the fibers.
  • the atomization succeeds in particular by conveying glue under very high pressure until it emerges via nozzles.
  • the glue then exits under high pressure from high pressure nozzles.
  • the outlet pressure is then preferably from 15 bar to 250 bar, particularly preferably from 40 to 90 bar.
  • the flow rate per nozzle at about 1.3 to 1.4 1 / min, on the one hand to achieve high flow rates and on the other hand to ensure a nebulization in the context of the invention.
  • the glue compressed air in addition to the glue compressed air is fed, so as to ensure at relatively large flow rates of 1.3 to 1.4 1 / min per nozzle, that even edge regions at the outlet cone from the nozzles are nebulized in the context of the invention.
  • the compressed air is supplied to the nozzles at a pressure of, for example, about 2 bar. At lower flow rates below 1.3 1 / min, however, it is usually not necessary to additionally supply compressed air in order to achieve the desired nebulization even at edge areas.
  • the water content in the glue can now be 45 to 65 wt .-%.
  • the glue content is preferably from 50 to 60% by weight. If the fibers provided with glue are pressed, the glue cures faster. It can thus further increase the production speed and thus further reduce the production costs.
  • the high glue pressure is generated by means of a high-pressure pump whose speed can be regulated.
  • a high-pressure pump whose speed can be regulated.
  • speed of the atomization of the glue can be advantageously set very accurately.
  • a very sensitive metering and optimization possibility is thus available during the application of glue.
  • the ratio of fibers to applied glue can thus be further optimized. Production costs can be further reduced by minimizing the proportion of glue, since the proportion of glue in particular contributes significantly to the production costs.
  • the solid wood components are fed before gluing a belt scale. Be on the belt scale the solid wood components on the one hand transported by means of a circulating conveyor belt, on the other side they are weighed. This gives the information as to what amount of glue is to be added to the solid wood components of the wood in the subsequent step.
  • the solid wood components are transferred to the following equipment by means of the belt scale. Possible weight fluctuations of the supplied solid wood components are detected during transport, registered and stored in one embodiment. These data are processed and can be used as a manipulated variable for the amount of glue that is subsequently applied to the solid wood components.
  • the transport speed at the belt scale is controlled so that a uniform amount of solid wood components of the subsequent gluing device (device in which the solid wood components are provided with glue) is supplied.
  • a change in speed of the feeder so a constant amount of material is supplied to the following facilities.
  • the weight detection of the solid wood components which may be in the form of fibers or chips, can be done in minute increments and allows a uniform feed of the solid wood components with an accuracy of, for example, ⁇ 1%.
  • the gluing is therefore carried out in a mixer in which glue and solid wood components are mixed together.
  • the solid wood components After drying the solid wood components, they are distributed over a surface of the invention and formed a kind of curtain or mat in one embodiment. This is especially the case when the solid wood components are present in the form of fibers, since a mat or a curtain can readily be formed therefrom. Glue is then atomized and fed into the curtain in fogged form.
  • the formation of a curtain ensures that the glue is evenly distributed over the solid wood components. This is especially the case when the solid wood components are in the form of fibers.
  • a curtain formed from solid wood components or formed mat is introduced into the mixer in one embodiment.
  • the curtain or the mat is then fed via high-pressure nozzles with the glue mist.
  • the curtain or the mat is preferably passed through the mixer without contact. Due to the contactless implementation, adhesion of the solid wood components to walls is advantageously avoided. Pollution problems and associated costs are reduced.
  • the glue is blown in atomized form, in particular at a temperature of 35 to 70 ° C, preferably at a temperature of up to 60 ° C in the dried solid wood components of the wood. This ensures that the glue reaches a dry outer skin. It is therefore activated minimally. This ensures that the subsequent mixture of solid wood constituents and glue does not stick to transport devices and devices, for example inside the mixer.
  • the glue mist is atomized together with heated compressed air and this mist the dried solid wood components, so for example added fibers or chips.
  • the warm air introduced into the mixer for example via a booth along with the glue and the dried solid wood components, activates glue a little on its surface.
  • adhesion of solid wood constituents to subsequent devices for example to mixer walls, is suitably counteracted.
  • reactive resins are used, so resins with constituents that can chemically build a network.
  • reactive resins are: solid or liquid phenolic resins, amino resins such as urea resins, melamine resins, acrylate resins, epoxy resins and / or polyester resins.
  • a calender press is used for the pressing of the fibers provided with glue, especially for the production of plates with a thickness of less than 10 mm.
  • the glueing according to the invention is particularly well suited, in particular, for the production of sheets of the indicated thickness.
  • a calender with a rotating press belt as for example in the DE 20303207 U1 discloses particularly high processing speeds.
  • the high processing speed is of particular advantage in order to process the unusually well-distributed glue very quickly and thus avoid unwanted premature activations of the glue.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through a belt scale 1 and a subsequent mixer 2. As indicated by the arrow 3, dried fibers which have been produced from wood chips, fed via an opening of a housing 4 of the belt scale 1. A slope 5 directs the incoming fibers onto the belt of the belt scale.
  • the belt scale detects and controls the amount of material that is transported in the direction of the three rollers 6.
  • the three rollers 6 are arranged one above the other and offset so that they include an acute angle alpha with the belt weigher 1.
  • the fibers on the belt scale reach this acute angle. They pass through the rotating rollers 6.
  • a curtain is formed from the fibers, which is transported vertically downward along the arrow 7 due to gravity. The curtain thus enters the mixer 2, specifically between a plurality of nozzles 8 and tools 9.
  • the mixer consists of a tubular housing.
  • the housing is formed by a double wall 10 and 11.
  • Central to the interior of the housing is an axle 12, on which the tools 9 are mounted.
  • a tool 9 includes with the axis 12 a right angle.
  • Each four rudder blade-like tools 9 are summarized in a star shape.
  • Several of these combined tools are mounted at regular intervals on the axis 12.
  • the front area into which the fiber curtain is inserted is free of tools. This ensures that a sufficiently large distance between the tools 9 and the nozzles 8 is present. This distance is provided so that from the nozzles 8 leaking glue does not impinge directly on the tools during operation.
  • the diameter of the housing of the mixer corresponds to the width of the opening through which the fiber curtain is inserted into the mixer.
  • the width of the curtain is adapted to the width of the opening.
  • the high-pressure nozzles 8 are arranged in a semicircle around the axis 12 in an upper region and are both with Glue in the range of 40 to 90 bar and fed with compressed air.
  • the high pressure nozzles used are designed as a single-fluid nozzle or as a two-fluid nozzle when a nozzle both glue and compressed air to be supplied.
  • the glue pressure of 40 to 90 bar is moved during the exit from the nozzle like a spiral. By leaving the intended very narrow opening gap, the leaking glue "explodes" into a mist.
  • the nozzles are designed in such a way that glue is still atomised even at a pressure of 250 bar.
  • the glue pressure is provided by a pump whose power can be controlled, in particular by controlling the speed.
  • the curtain is evenly provided with fog-like glue and on the other hand, the emerging from the nozzles 8 atomized glue does not impinge directly on parts of the mixer.
  • a distance is arranged, so that a kind of annular gap is formed. Air is sucked in through this annular gap, which additionally ensures that a glue mist is created.
  • the glue-provided curtain (in other words, a wholly or predominantly fiber mat) is transported by the air flow parallel to the axis 12 through the mixer 2. The axis rotates during transport and thus the tools 9. The glue is further mixed with the fibers.
  • a cooled liquid is introduced in order to create a condensation layer in the interior of the mixer on its inner walls.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the mixer parallel to the axis 12. For clarity, only two tools 9 are shown. In particular, a single-row, semi-circular arrangement of the nozzles in the upper area is illustrated with reference to FIG.
  • the invention comprises one or more steps, which are disclosed by FIG. 3 in conjunction with the associated description.
  • the basic arrangement with high-pressure pump for the glue together with feeding to a nozzle is illustrated in more detail.
  • glue is fed to a pump 51.
  • the power of the pump can be regulated.
  • Glue from the pump 51 is further transported, then passes through a first shut-off valve 52 and finally reaches the shut-off valves 53 and 54. If the glue passes through the shut-off valve 53, then it flows through a flow meter 55. This serves the control and / or the Control the amount of glue being transported.
  • the glue may be passed over a parallel conduit 56 to allow for large flow rates.
  • the glue passes to a manifold 57, from which the glue in the direction of the high-pressure nozzles 58 and 59 is passed. From the high pressure nozzles 58 and 59, the glue exits in atomized form.
  • compressed air is supplied laterally to the nozzles.
  • the compressed air is fed to a conduit 60, passes shut-off valves 61, 62, 63, 64, which are used for individual control of the supplied compressed air, and finally exits adjacent to the high pressure nozzles 58 and 59.
  • the compressed air is blown in the direction of the leaking glue mist. The glue mist is so further swirled.
  • Another supply line 65 is used to supply warm water, with which the lines, valves and nozzles can be cleaned.
  • the high-pressure nozzles can be closed by means of compressed air in order to be able to shut off the nozzles when the system is at a standstill, thus preventing undesirable leakage of glue.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for gluing fibers or chips, in particular, wood fibers or wood chips by atomizing the glue and subsequently applying the atomized glue to the fibers or chips.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren Beleimung von Fasern, die zur Herstellung einer Platte aus einem Holzwerkstoff dienen, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method of gluing fibers, which serve to produce a plate made of a wood material, as well as a device for carrying out the method.

In der WO 03/013808 sowie in der Figur 3 wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Platte im Gesamtzusammenhang verdeutlicht. Als Ausgangsmaterial werden Laub- oder Nadelhölzer in Form von Stämmen, Ästen und/ oder Sägewerks- sowie Industrieresthölzer eingesetzt. Das Holz wird zunächst in Schnitzel mit einer Größe von etwa 20 x 5 mm in einer Zerkleinerungseinrichtung 31 zerkleinert. Diese Schnitzel können aber auch direkt aus dem Forst oder aus Sägewerken kommen. Sie können gesiebt werden, um zu kleine bzw. zu große Teilchen zu trennen. Wenn die Hackschnitzel die richtige Größe haben, können sie gewaschen werden, um anhaftende Fremdkörper, insbesondere Sand und Erde) zu beseitigen. So werden Schneid- und andere Werkzeuge im späteren Herstellungs- und Verarbeitungsverfahren geschont und nicht beschädigt. Vorteilhaft wird Sägemehl verwertet, welches in einen Silo 32 gegeben wird. Von der Zerkleinerungseinrichtung 31 sowie vom Silo 32 werden die Holzbestandteile einem trichterförmigen Vordampfbehälter mittels Förderbänder zugeführt. Die Zuführung erfolgt typischerweise im Verhältnis von etwa 6 : 4 (60 Gew.-% Späne, 40 Gew.-% Sägemehl). Auf diese Weise wird Sägemehl ebenfalls verwertet. Kosten werden so weiter gesenkt. Ressourcen an Rohstoff werden geschont. Der Anteil an Spänen sollte überwiegen, da hieraus Fasern und später Fasermatten entstehen, die mechanisch stabilisieren. Eine Untergrenze für den Sägemehlanteil ist daher nicht einzuhalten. Im Vordampfbehälter 33 werden die Holzbestandteile gemischt, vorbedampft und dabei 60 bis 70 °C erwärmt. Beispielsweise mittels einer Stopfschnecke werden die Holzbestandteile anschließend einem Kocher 34 zugeführt. Im Kocher 34 werden die Holzbestandteile ca. 2 bis 3 Minuten bei einem Druck von 1 1 bis 16 bar und einer Temperatur von 140 bis 180 °C gekocht. Druck und Temperatur sind so gewählt, dass eine Aufspaltung in flüssige und feste Holzbestandteile stattfindet. Die flüssigen Bestandteile werden von den festen abgetrennt und einer Leitung 35 zugeführt, die gasdicht mit dem Kocher 34 verbinden ist. Die festen Holzbestandteile werden einer Zerfaserungsmaschine 36 (Refiner bzw. Defibrator) zugeführt. Die Zerfaserungsmaschine 36 umfasst typischerweise einen Stator und einen Rotor, die über einen Motor angetrieben werden. Die festen Holzbestandteile werden hier in Fasern zerlegt. Die Fasern, die in einer Ausführungsform mit Sägemehl vermischt sind, werden pneumatisch einem Trocknungsrohr 37 zugeführt. Im Folgenden wird unabhängig hiervon von Fasern gesprochen. Im Trocknungsrohr 37 werden die Fasern bei 160 bis 220 °C getrocknet. Die Trocknung läuft relativ schnell und kostengünstig ab, da die flüssigen Holzbestandteile bereits entfernt wurden. Vom Trocknungsrohr aus gelangen die Fasern in Zyklone 38. Hier wird der Dampf abgeschieden. Nach unten werden die Fasern herausgeführt. Die Temperatur der Fasern beträgt dann typischerweise 50°C. Die Fasern werden dann in Beleimungseinrichtungen 39 bei vergleichsweise kühlen Temperaturen mechanisch beleimt. Die anschließend beleimten Fasern weisen eine Temperatur von typischerweise 35 bis 40 °C auf. Die beleimten Fasern gelangen in eine oder mehrere Sichteinrichtungen 40. In einer Ausführungsform umfassen die Sichteinrichtungen 40 Heizeinrichtungen, um die Fasern auf 55 bis 60 °C zu erwärmen. Die Erhöhung der Temperatur ist dann von Vorteil, wenn die Platten bei Temperaturen von zum Beispiel 80°C verpresst werden sollen. Der Pressschritt kann so beschleunigt werden, da die gewünschte Temperatur nicht ausschließlich mittels der beheizten Presse erreicht werden muss. Kürzere Presszeiten führen zu größeren Produktionskapazitäten oder geringeren Anschaffungskosten der eingesetzten Pressen mit umlaufenden Bändern, da diese dann kürzer sein können. Auch ist der Platzbedarf für solche Pressen geringer. Hierdurch werden weiter Kosten eingespart. Die vorbeleimten Fasern werden einem oder mehreren Abscheideeinrichtungen 41 zugeführt. Von den Abscheideeinrichtungen 41 gelangen die vorbeleimten Fasern zu einer Streustation 42. Die Streustation 42 gibt die vorbeleimten Fasern auf ein Transportband. Das Transportband führt die Fasern zu einer Vorpresse 44. Hier werden die Fasern vorgepresst und so verdichtet. Die Vorpresse umfasst umlaufende Bänder, zwischen die die Fasern zugeführt und dabei gepresst werden. Anschließend durchlaufen die Fasern eine Formstrasse 45, die über diverse Einrichtungen verfügt, die sicherstellen, dass die Fasern in der gewünschten Form vorliegen. Die Formstrasse führt in einer Ausführungsform zu einer Bedampfungseinrichtung 46. Hier werden die Fasern von oben und/oder unten bedampft. Die Fasern können parallel zum Transportband geteilt und so im "Inneren" bedampft werden. Die Fasern gelangen schließlich zur Hauptpresse 47, die aus zwei umlaufenden gegeneinander gepressten Stahlbändern besteht. Hier findet die Pressung beispielsweise bei 80°C statt. Anschließend werden die Platten mittels einer Sägeeinrichtung 48 zersägt und einer Halteeinrichtung 49 zugeführt. In der Halteeinrichtung werden die Platten so gehalten, dass diese sich nicht berühren. Die Platten werden so gekühlt. Die abgetrennten flüssigen Bestandteile, die der Leitung 35 zugeführt wurden, werden innerhalb des gasdicht abgeschlossenen Systems abgekühlt. Sind diese flüssigen Bestandteile hinreichend abgekühlt worden, so werden diese entweder entsorgt oder der Beleimungseinrichtung 39 zugeführt. Anschließend werden die Platten beispielsweise zu Paneelen weiter verarbeitet. Die Platten werden dann beispielsweise mit Papieren beschichtet und das Schichtsystem einer Presse zugeführt. In der Presse wird das Schichtsystem bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 150°C, so zum Beispiel bei Temperaturen zwischen 180°C und 230 °C verpresst. Die eingesetzten Harze härten dann aus. Die Platte wird weiter zersägt und mit Kupplungselementen durch Fräsen versehen. Die Paneele können als Belag für Wände oder Fußböden dienen. Werden diese als Fußbodenbelag eingesetzt, so sind die Paneele auf der Dekoroberseite mit einer abriebfesten, transparenten Schicht versehen.In the WO 03/013808 and FIG. 3 illustrates a method for producing a plate in the overall context. As a starting material deciduous or coniferous wood in the form of logs, branches and / or sawmill and Industrieresthölzer be used. The wood is first crushed into chips with a size of about 20 x 5 mm in a crusher 31. These chips can also come directly from the forest or from sawmills. They can be screened to separate too small or too large particles. If the chips are the right size, they can be washed to remove adhering foreign matter, especially sand and earth. Cutting and other tools are spared and not damaged in the later manufacturing and processing process. Sawdust is advantageously utilized, which is placed in a silo 32. From the shredder 31 and the silo 32, the wood components are fed to a funnel-shaped Vampfampfbehälter means of conveyor belts. The feed is typically in the ratio of about 6: 4 (60 wt .-% shavings, 40 wt .-% sawdust). In this way, sawdust is also recovered. Costs are lowered further. Resources of raw materials are spared. The proportion of shavings should predominate, as this produces fibers and later fiber mats, which stabilize mechanically. A lower limit for the sawdust content is therefore not to be observed. In Vordampfbehälter 33, the wood components are mixed, pre-evaporated while 60 to 70 ° C heated. For example, by means of a plug screw, the wood components are then fed to a digester 34. In the cooker 34, the wood components are about 2 to 3 minutes at a pressure of 1 1 cooked to 16 bar and a temperature of 140 to 180 ° C. Pressure and temperature are chosen so that a splitting into liquid and solid wood components takes place. The liquid components are separated from the solid and fed to a line 35 which is gastight connect to the cooker 34. The solid wood components are fed to a defibering machine 36 (refiner). The fiberizing machine 36 typically includes a stator and a rotor driven by a motor. The solid wood components are broken down here into fibers. The fibers, which in one embodiment are mixed with sawdust, are pneumatically fed to a drying tube 37. In the following, independently of fibers is spoken. In the drying tube 37, the fibers are dried at 160 to 220 ° C. The drying is relatively quick and inexpensive, since the liquid wood components have already been removed. From the drying tube, the fibers enter cyclones 38. Here the steam is separated. Down the fibers are led out. The temperature of the fibers is then typically 50 ° C. The fibers are then mechanically glued in gluing devices 39 at comparatively cool temperatures. The subsequently glued fibers have a temperature of typically 35 to 40 ° C. The glued fibers pass into one or more vision devices 40. In one embodiment, the vision devices 40 include heaters to heat the fibers to 55 to 60 ° C. The increase in temperature is advantageous if the plates are to be pressed at temperatures of, for example, 80 ° C. The pressing step can be accelerated, since the desired temperature does not have to be reached exclusively by means of the heated press. Shorter press times lead to greater production capacities or lower acquisition costs of the presses with circulating belts, since these can then be shorter. Also, the space required for such presses is lower. As a result, further costs are saved. The pre-glued fibers are fed to one or more separation devices 41. From the separating devices 41 reach the pre-glued fibers to a scattering station 42. The scattering station 42 are the pre-glued fibers on a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt leads the fibers to a pre-press 44. Here, the fibers are pre-pressed and compacted. The pre-press comprises circulating belts between which the fibers are fed and pressed. The fibers then pass through a forming line 45 which has various means of ensuring that the fibers are in the desired shape. In one embodiment, the forming line leads to a vapor deposition device 46. Here, the fibers are vapor-deposited from above and / or below. The fibers can be split parallel to the conveyor belt and steamed in the "inside". The fibers finally reach the main press 47, which consists of two circulating steel strips pressed against each other. Here the pressing takes place for example at 80 ° C. Subsequently, the plates are sawed by means of a saw 48 and fed to a holding device 49. In the holding device, the plates are held so that they do not touch. The plates are cooled in this way. The separated liquid components which have been supplied to the line 35 are cooled within the gas-tight sealed system. If these liquid constituents have been sufficiently cooled, they are either disposed of or fed to the gluing device 39. Subsequently, the plates are further processed, for example, to panels. The plates are then coated with papers, for example, and the layer system fed to a press. In the press, the layer system is pressed at temperatures above 150 ° C, for example at temperatures between 180 ° C and 230 ° C. The resins used then cure. The plate is further sawn and provided with coupling elements by milling. The panels can serve as a covering for walls or floors. If these are used as floor coverings, then the panels on the top of the decor are provided with an abrasion-resistant, transparent layer.

In der SE 443945 wird ein Verfahren zum Zusammenfügen von Holzspänen, Partikeln und ähnlichen Materialien mit Hilfe eines Bindemittels beschrieben, um einen scheibenartigen Presskörper oder dergleichen zu bilden. Im Zusammenhang damit wird auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Presskörpers offenbart. Während dieses Verfahrens werden die Holzspäne oder Partikel zusammen mit einem Epoxid-Harz komprimiert. Das Epoxid-Harz wird dabei unter hohem Druck - vorzugsweise über 200 kp/cm2 (196 bar) - aufgesprüht auf die Masse aus Holzspänen oder Partikeln. Eine Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Beleimung von Holzspänen geht aus der DE 41 15 047 C1 hervor. Dabei sind Sprühdüsen vorgesehen mittels derer der Leim unter Druck zerstäubt wird, so dass er bereits großflächig auf die Späne gelangt. Im Zusammenhang mit der relativ lockeren Schichtung der Späne im Bereich der Öffnung des Mischgutzulaufstutzens führt dies zu einer guten Verteilung des Leims auf den Spänen bereits während des Aufsprühens. Die Sprühdüsen können ausgebildet sein als reine Leim-Druckdüsen, alternativ auch als Leim-Luft-Sprühdüsen. Bei der WO 03/013808 werden nach der Trocknung der Fasern diese flächig verteilt und so aus den Fasern eine Art Vorhang bzw. eine Matte gebildet: Anschließend wird ein Luft-Leim-Gemisch in den Vorhang hineingesprüht, um so eine möglichst gleichmäßige Verteilung des Leims zu gewährleisten. Durch die Bildung des Vorhangs wird jedenfalls erreicht, dass der Leim gleichmäßiger auf die Fasern verteilt wird, als wenn die Fasern watteartig vorliegen. Das Leim-Luft-Gemisch wird dabei regelmäßig mit einer Temperatur von 40 bis 70 °C in die getrockneten Fasern hinein geblasen, so dass der Leim eine trockene Außenhaut erreicht und nur minimal aktiviert wird. Dadurch kann gewährleistet werden, dass das Leim-Faser-Gemisch nicht an Transporteinrichtungen, wie beispielsweise im Inneren des Mischers kleben bleibt. Des Weiteren sind aus der JP 20011293704 eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Holzpaneels bekannt, wobei das fertige Paneel einen hohen Ablösewiderstand und eine hohe Qualität aufweist. Das Verfahren zum Herstellen des Holzpaneels umfasst die Schritte des Versprühens einer Klebstoffkomponente und einer Wasserkomponente aus jeweils einer ersten Düse und einer zweiten Düse, wobei diese gegeneinander gerichtet sind um die Klebstoffkomponente mit der Wasserkomponente zu mischen, wobei ein feinkörniger Klebstoff erhalten wird. Eine Verschlechterung der physikalischen Eigenschaften aufgrund ungleichmäßiger Mischung kann hierbei vermieden werden, da der fein versprühte Klebstoff kleine Holzteilchen und Holzfasern gleichermaßen mischt. Allerdings ist bei den vorstehend genannten Verfahren bzw. Vorrichtungen die Leimmenge, die pro Zeiteinheit auf die Fasern aufgebracht werden kann, verhältnismäßig gering.In the SE 443945 For example, a method of assembling wood chips, particles and the like materials by means of a binder to form a disk-like compact or the like is described. In connection with this, a method for producing the compact is also disclosed. During this process, the wood chips or particles are compressed together with an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin is sprayed under high pressure - preferably over 200 kp / cm 2 (196 bar) - on the mass of wood chips or particles. A device for the continuous gluing of wood chips comes from the DE 41 15 047 C1 out. In this case, spray nozzles are provided by means of which the glue is atomized under pressure, so that it already reaches the chips over a large area. In connection with the relatively loose stratification of the chips in the region of the opening of the Mischgutzulaufstutzens this leads to a good distribution of the glue on the chips already during spraying. The spray nozzles can be designed as pure glue pressure nozzles, alternatively as glue-air spray nozzles. In the WO 03/013808 After the fibers have been dried, they are distributed over a wide area and a kind of curtain or mat is formed from the fibers. Subsequently, an air-glue mixture is sprayed into the curtain so as to ensure as uniform a distribution of the glue as possible. In any case, the formation of the curtain ensures that the glue is distributed more uniformly over the fibers than when the fibers are cotton-like. The glue-air mixture is thereby regularly blown into the dried fibers at a temperature of 40 to 70 ° C, so that the glue reaches a dry outer skin and only minimally activated. This can ensure that the glue-fiber mixture does not stick to transport devices, such as inside the mixer. Furthermore, from the JP 20011293704 a device and a method for producing a wood panel, wherein the finished panel has a high peel resistance and a high quality. The method of making the wood panel comprises the steps of spraying an adhesive component and a water component each of a first nozzle and a second nozzle, which are directed against each other to mix the adhesive component with the water component, wherein a fine-grained adhesive is obtained. Deterioration of the physical properties due to uneven mixing can be avoided since the finely sprayed adhesive mixes small particles of wood and wood fibers equally. However, in the above-mentioned methods or devices, the amount of glue that can be applied to the fibers per unit of time is relatively low.

Eine Beleimungseinrichtung für die Aufbringung von Leim auf Fasern nebst anschließender Fertigung von Faserplatten ist aus der Druckschrift EP 0 744 259 A2 bekannt. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Platten aus einem Holzwerkstoff ist der Druckschrift US 5,554,330 zu entnehmen. Die Druckschrift GB 791,554 offenbart ein Verfahren zum Mischen von festen und flüssigen Bestandteilen. Kontinuierliches Mischen von span- und faserartigen Stoffen mit Bindemitteln ist der Druckschrift DE-OS 1956 898 zu entnehmen. Die Gewinnung von Leim aus Holzbestandteilen offenbart die Druckschrift WO 98/37147 . Vorbedampfungsverfahren werden in den Druckschriften DE-OS 44 41 017 , US 11 17 95 sowie in der dänischen Patentanmeldung Nr. 0302/97 beschrieben.A gluing device for the application of glue to fibers together with subsequent production of fiberboard is from the document EP 0 744 259 A2 known. A method for producing boards from a wood material is the document US 5,554,330 refer to. The publication GB 791,554 discloses a method for mixing solid and liquid components. Continuous mixing of chip and fibrous materials with binders is the document DE-OS 1956 898 refer to. The production of glue from wood components discloses the document WO 98/37147 , Vorbedampfungsverfahren are in the publications DE-OS 44 41 017 . US 11 17 95 and in Danish Patent Application No. 0302/97.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines Verfahrens, mit dem kostengünstig qualitativ hochwertige Platten der eingangs genannten Art hergestellt werden können. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist ferner die Bereitstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The object of the invention is to provide a method by which high-quality plates of the type mentioned can be produced inexpensively. The object of the invention is also to provide a device for carrying out the method.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch eines der beanspruchten Verfahren gelöst. Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens umfasst die Merkmale des Nebenanspruchs. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The object of the invention is achieved by one of the claimed methods. An apparatus for carrying out the method comprises the features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

Erfindungsgemäß wird der Leim bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen von vorzugsweise 20 bis 40 °C auf die Fasern aufgebracht. Im Unterschied zum Stand der Technik, wie er aus der WO 03/013808 bekannt ist, wird Leim nicht lediglich aufgesprüht, sondern vor dem Aufbringen auf die Fasern zerstäubt bzw. vernebelt. Anstelle von verhältnismäßig großen Tropfen gelangt der Leim in zerstäubter Form auf die Fasern.According to the glue is applied to the fibers at relatively low temperatures of preferably 20 to 40 ° C. In contrast to the state of the art, as he from the WO 03/013808 is known, glue is not only sprayed, but before applying to the Fibers atomized or atomized. Instead of relatively large drops of glue in atomized form reaches the fibers.

Erfindungsgemäß gelingt die Zerstäubung insbesondere durch Förderung von Leim unter sehr hohem Druck, bis dieser über Düsen austritt. Der Leim tritt dann unter sehr hohem Druck aus Hochdruckdüsen aus. Der Austrittsdruck liegt dann vorzugsweise bei 15 bar bis 250 bar, besonders bevorzugt bei 40 bis 90 bar. Vorzugsweise liegt dann die Durchflussmenge pro Düse bei etwa 1,3 bis 1,4 1/min, um einerseits hohe Durchflussmengen zu erzielen und andererseits eine Vernebelung im Sinne der Erfindung sicherzustellen.According to the invention, the atomization succeeds in particular by conveying glue under very high pressure until it emerges via nozzles. The glue then exits under high pressure from high pressure nozzles. The outlet pressure is then preferably from 15 bar to 250 bar, particularly preferably from 40 to 90 bar. Preferably, then the flow rate per nozzle at about 1.3 to 1.4 1 / min, on the one hand to achieve high flow rates and on the other hand to ensure a nebulization in the context of the invention.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird zusätzlich zu dem Leim Druckluft eingespeist, um so bei relativ großen Fördermengen von 1,3 bis 1,4 1/min pro Düse sicherzustellen, dass auch Randbereiche beim Austrittskegels aus den Düsen im Sinne der Erfindung vernebelt sind. Die Druckluft, wird mit eine m Druck von beispielsweise etwa 2 bar den Düsen zugeführt. Bei niedrigeren Durchflussraten unterhalb von 1,3 1/min ist es jedoch regelmäßig nicht erforderlich, zusätzlich Druckluft zuzuführen, um auch bei Randbereichen die gewünschte Vernebelung zu erzielen.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, in addition to the glue compressed air is fed, so as to ensure at relatively large flow rates of 1.3 to 1.4 1 / min per nozzle, that even edge regions at the outlet cone from the nozzles are nebulized in the context of the invention. The compressed air is supplied to the nozzles at a pressure of, for example, about 2 bar. At lower flow rates below 1.3 1 / min, however, it is usually not necessary to additionally supply compressed air in order to achieve the desired nebulization even at edge areas.

Indem der Leim in vernebelter Form aufgetragen wird, gelingt eine verbesserte Verteilung des Leims auf die Fasern. Im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik kann daher die Leimmenge erhöht werden, die pro Zeiteinheit auf die Fasern aufgebracht wird. Dabei besteht nicht die Gefahr, dass eine ungleiche Verteilung des Leims zu Qualitätsmängeln beim Produkt führen.By applying the glue in atomised form, an improved distribution of the glue on the fibers is achieved. Compared to the prior art, therefore, the amount of glue applied to the fibers per unit time can be increased. There is no danger that an unequal distribution of the glue will lead to quality defects in the product.

Eine Beschleunigung der Produktion senkt die Herstellungskosten. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn Leim mit mehr als 1 1/min, bevorzugt mit mehr als 1,31/min pro Düse austritt. Vor allem derart hohe Austrittsmengen konnten beim Stand der Technik nicht realisiert werden, da andernfalls regelmäßig deutliche Qualitätseinbußen bei den Endprodukten durch sogenannte Leimflecken auftreten. Die durch die Vernebelung erreichte gleichmäßigere Verteilung sichert dagegen eine hohe Qualität der hergestellten Produkte.An acceleration of production lowers the production costs. This is especially the case when glue exits at more than 1 1 / min, preferably at more than 1.31 / min per nozzle. Especially such high leakage rates could not be realized in the prior art, otherwise otherwise significant quality losses at regular the end products by so-called glue spots occur. By contrast, the uniform distribution achieved by the atomization ensures a high quality of the products produced.

Im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik kann durch die vorliegende Erfindung der Wassergehalt im Leim herabgesenkt werden und zwar insbesondere bei Einsatz eines Leims, der ganz oder überwiegend aus Harnstoffharz besteht. So kann der Leimanteil im Leim-Wassergemisch nun bei 45 bis 65 Gew.-% liegen. Bevorzugt liegt der Leimgehalt bei 50 bis 60 Gew.-%. Werden die mit Leim versehenen Fasern verpresst, so härtet der Leim schneller aus. Es kann so die Produktionsgeschwindigkeit weiter erhöht und damit die Produktionskosten weiter gesenkt werden.Compared to the prior art can be lowered by the present invention, the water content in the glue, and in particular when using a glue which consists entirely or predominantly of urea resin. Thus, the glue content in the glue-water mixture can now be 45 to 65 wt .-%. The glue content is preferably from 50 to 60% by weight. If the fibers provided with glue are pressed, the glue cures faster. It can thus further increase the production speed and thus further reduce the production costs.

Vorteilhaft wird der hohe Leimdruck mittels einer Hochdruckpumpe erzeugt, deren Drehzahl geregelt werden kann. Durch Regelung der Drehzahl kann der Zerstäubungsgrad des Leims vorteilhaft sehr genau eingestellt werden. Im Unterschied zum Stand der Technik steht so eine sehr feinfühlige Dosier- und Optimierungsmöglichkeit während der Aufbringung von Leim zur Verfügung. Das Verhältnis von Fasern zu aufgebrachtem Leim kann so weiter optimiert werden. Produktionskosten können durch Minimierung des Leimanteils weiter gesenkt werden, da vor allem der Leimanteil maßgeblich zu den Herstellungskosten beiträgt.Advantageously, the high glue pressure is generated by means of a high-pressure pump whose speed can be regulated. By controlling the speed of the atomization of the glue can be advantageously set very accurately. In contrast to the prior art, a very sensitive metering and optimization possibility is thus available during the application of glue. The ratio of fibers to applied glue can thus be further optimized. Production costs can be further reduced by minimizing the proportion of glue, since the proportion of glue in particular contributes significantly to the production costs.

Indem der Leim erst im Anschluss an die Trocknung auf die Holzbestandteile in vernebelter Form aufgebracht wird, wird die Menge des für die Plattenherstellung benötigten Leims reduziert.By applying the glue to the wood components in atomized form only after drying, the amount of glue required for plate production is reduced.

Eine wesentliche Größe, um die geeignete Beleimung von Fasern oder Spänen zu bewirken, ist das "richtige" Verhältnis der festen Holzbestandteile zu Leim. Erfindungsgemäß werden daher in einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens die festen Holzbestandteile vor der Beleimung einer Bandwaage zugeführt. Auf der Bandwaage werden die festen Holzbestandteile auf der einen Seite mittels eines umlaufenden Transportbandes weiter transportiert, auf der anderen Seite werden sie gewogen. Hierdurch wird die Information erhalten, welche Menge an Leim den festen Holzbestandteilen des Holzes im nachfolgenden Schritt zuzufügen ist.A key factor in effecting proper gluing of fibers or chips is the "correct" ratio of solid wood components to glue. According to the invention, therefore, in one embodiment of the method, the solid wood components are fed before gluing a belt scale. Be on the belt scale the solid wood components on the one hand transported by means of a circulating conveyor belt, on the other side they are weighed. This gives the information as to what amount of glue is to be added to the solid wood components of the wood in the subsequent step.

Die festen Holzbestandteile werden mittels der Bandwaage an die nachfolgende Einrichtung übergeben. Mögliche Gewichtsschwankungen der zugeführten festen Holzbestandteile werden während des Transportes erfasst, registriert und in einer Ausführungsform gespeichert. Diese Daten werden aufbereitet und können als Stellgröße für die Menge an Leim dienen, die nachfolgend auf die festen Holzbestandteile aufgebracht wird.The solid wood components are transferred to the following equipment by means of the belt scale. Possible weight fluctuations of the supplied solid wood components are detected during transport, registered and stored in one embodiment. These data are processed and can be used as a manipulated variable for the amount of glue that is subsequently applied to the solid wood components.

In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Transportgeschwindigkeit bei der Bandwaage so gesteuert, dass eine gleichmäßige Menge an festen Holzbestandteilen der nachfolgenden Beleimungseinrichtung (Einrichtung, in der die festen Holzbestandteile mit Leim versehen werden) zugeführt wird. Durch eine Geschwindigkeitsveränderung des Einzuges wird also eine konstante Materialmenge den nachfolgenden Einrichtungen zugeführt. Die Gewichtserfassung der festen Holzbestandteile, die in Form von Fasern oder der Spänen vorliegen können, kann in kleinsten Schritten erfolgen und ermöglicht eine gleichmäßige Zuspeisung der festen Holzbestandteile mit einer Genauigkeit von zum Beispiel ± 1 %.In one embodiment of the invention, the transport speed at the belt scale is controlled so that a uniform amount of solid wood components of the subsequent gluing device (device in which the solid wood components are provided with glue) is supplied. By a change in speed of the feeder so a constant amount of material is supplied to the following facilities. The weight detection of the solid wood components, which may be in the form of fibers or chips, can be done in minute increments and allows a uniform feed of the solid wood components with an accuracy of, for example, ± 1%.

Es ist nicht einfach, die festen Holzbestandteile mit Leim geeignet gleichmäßig zu versehen, und zwar insbesondere, wenn die festen Holzbestandteile in Form von Fasern vorliegen. Fasern neigen dazu, sich watteartig zusammen bauschen. Es ist dann schwierig, den Leim auf den Fasern gleichmäßig zu verteilen. In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erfolgt die Beleimung daher in einem Mischer, in dem Leim und feste Holzbestandteile miteinander vermischt werden.It is not easy to properly coat the solid wood components with glue, especially when the solid wood components are in the form of fibers. Fibers tend to bunch together like cotton. It is then difficult to evenly distribute the glue on the fibers. In one embodiment of the invention, the gluing is therefore carried out in a mixer in which glue and solid wood components are mixed together.

Nach der Trocknung der festen Holzbestandteile werden diese in einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung flächig verteilt und eine Art Vorhang oder Matte gebildet. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn die festen Holzbestandteile in Form von Fasern vorliegen, da hieraus ohne weiteres eine Matte bzw. ein Vorhang gebildet werden kann. Leim wird anschließend vernebelt und in vernebelter Form dem Vorhang zugeführt.After drying the solid wood components, they are distributed over a surface of the invention and formed a kind of curtain or mat in one embodiment. This is especially the case when the solid wood components are present in the form of fibers, since a mat or a curtain can readily be formed therefrom. Glue is then atomized and fed into the curtain in fogged form.

Durch die Bildung eines Vorhangs wird erreicht, dass der Leim gleichmäßig auf die festen Holzbestandteile verteilt wird. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn die festen Holzbestandteile in Form von Fasern vorliegen.The formation of a curtain ensures that the glue is evenly distributed over the solid wood components. This is especially the case when the solid wood components are in the form of fibers.

Ein aus festen Holzbestandteilen gebildeter Vorhang bzw. gebildete Matte wird in einer Ausgestaltung in den Mischer eingeführt. Der Vorhang bzw. die Matte wird dann über Hochdruck-Düsen mit dem Leim-Nebel gespeist. Anschließend wird der Vorhang oder die Matte vorzugsweise kontaktlos durch den Mischer hindurchgeführt. Durch die kontaktlose Durchführung wird ein Anhaften von den festen Holzbestandteilen an Wänden vorteilhaft vermieden. Verschmutzungsprobleme und damit verbunden Kosten werden so verringert.A curtain formed from solid wood components or formed mat is introduced into the mixer in one embodiment. The curtain or the mat is then fed via high-pressure nozzles with the glue mist. Subsequently, the curtain or the mat is preferably passed through the mixer without contact. Due to the contactless implementation, adhesion of the solid wood components to walls is advantageously avoided. Pollution problems and associated costs are reduced.

Der Leim wird in vernebelter Form insbesondere bei einer Temperatur von 35 bis 70 °C, bevorzugt bei einer Temperatur bis 60°C in die getrockneten festen Holzbestandteile des Holzes hineingeblasen. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass der Leim eine trockene Außenhaut erreicht. Er wird also minimal aktiviert. Hierdurch wird verbessert erreicht, dass das anschließende Gemisch aus festen Holzbestandteilen und Leim nicht an Transporteinrichtungen und Geräten, so zum Beispiel im Inneren des Mischers kleben bleibt.The glue is blown in atomized form, in particular at a temperature of 35 to 70 ° C, preferably at a temperature of up to 60 ° C in the dried solid wood components of the wood. This ensures that the glue reaches a dry outer skin. It is therefore activated minimally. This ensures that the subsequent mixture of solid wood constituents and glue does not stick to transport devices and devices, for example inside the mixer.

In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der Leimnebel zusammen mit erwärmter Druckluft vernebelt und dieser Nebel den getrockneten festen Holzbestandteilen, also zum Beispiel Fasern oder Spänen hinzugefügt. Die Warmluft, die zum Beispiel über eine Kabine zusammen mit dem Leim und den getrockneten festen Holzbestandteilen in den Mischer eingeführt wird, aktiviert Leim ein wenig an seiner Oberfläche. Hierdurch wird einem Anhaften von festen Holzbestandteilen an nachfolgenden Einrichtungen, so zum Beispiel an Mischerwänden, geeignet entgegengewirkt.In one embodiment of the invention, the glue mist is atomized together with heated compressed air and this mist the dried solid wood components, so for example added fibers or chips. The warm air introduced into the mixer, for example via a booth along with the glue and the dried solid wood components, activates glue a little on its surface. As a result, adhesion of solid wood constituents to subsequent devices, for example to mixer walls, is suitably counteracted.

Als Leim werden bevorzugt Reaktiv-Harze eingesetzt, also Harze mit Bestandteilen, die chemisch ein Netzwerk aufbauen können. Beispiele für Reaktiv-Harze sind: Fest- oder Flüssig-Phenol-Harze, Amino-Harze wie zum Beispiel Harnstoff-Harze, Melamin-Harze, Acrylat-Harze, Epoxyd-Harze und/ oder Polyester-Harze.As a glue preferably reactive resins are used, so resins with constituents that can chemically build a network. Examples of reactive resins are: solid or liquid phenolic resins, amino resins such as urea resins, melamine resins, acrylate resins, epoxy resins and / or polyester resins.

Bevorzugt wird für das Verpressen der mit Leim versehenen Fasern eine Kalanderpresse eingesetzt und zwar vor allem zur Herstellung von Platten mit einer Dicke von weniger als 10 mm. Erstens hat sich herausgestellt, dass die erfindungsgemäß Beleimung insbesondere bei der Herstellung von Platten mit der angegebenen Dicke besonders gut geeignet sind. Zum anderen ermöglicht eine Kalanderpresse mit einem umlaufenden Pressband, wie sie beispielsweise in der DE 20303207 U1 offenbart wird, besonders hohe Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeiten. In Verbindung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Beleimung ist die hohe Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit von besonderem Vorteil, um den ungewöhnlich gut verteilten Leim nun auch sehr schnell zu verarbeiten und so unerwünschte vorzeitige Aktivierungen des Leims zu vermeiden.Preferably, a calender press is used for the pressing of the fibers provided with glue, especially for the production of plates with a thickness of less than 10 mm. First, it has been found that the glueing according to the invention is particularly well suited, in particular, for the production of sheets of the indicated thickness. On the other hand allows a calender with a rotating press belt, as for example in the DE 20303207 U1 discloses particularly high processing speeds. In conjunction with the gluing according to the invention, the high processing speed is of particular advantage in order to process the unusually well-distributed glue very quickly and thus avoid unwanted premature activations of the glue.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren weiter verdeutlicht.The invention will be further clarified with reference to the following figures.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine Bandwaage 1 und einen nachfolgenden Mischer 2. Wie durch den Pfeil 3 angedeutet, werden getrocknete Fasern, die aus Holzhackschnitzeln hergestellt wurden, über eine Öffnung eines Gehäuses 4 der Bandwaage 1 zugeführt. Eine Schräge 5 lenkt die ankommenden Fasern auf das Band der Bandwaage.FIG. 1 shows a section through a belt scale 1 and a subsequent mixer 2. As indicated by the arrow 3, dried fibers which have been produced from wood chips, fed via an opening of a housing 4 of the belt scale 1. A slope 5 directs the incoming fibers onto the belt of the belt scale.

Die Bandwaage erfasst und steuert die Materialmenge, die in Richtung der drei Walzen 6 transportiert wird. Die drei Walzen 6 sind übereinander sowie versetzt so angeordnet, dass diese mit der Bandwaage 1 einen spitzen Winkel Alpha einschließen. Die auf der Bandwaage befindlichen Fasern gelangen in diesen spitzen Winkel hinein. Sie passieren die rotierenden Walzen 6. Dabei wird aus den Fasern ein Vorhang gebildet, der schwerkraftbedingt senkrecht nach unten entlang des Pfeils 7 weiter transportiert wird. Der Vorhang gelangt so in den Mischer 2 hinein und zwar zwischen eine Mehrzahl an Düsen 8 und Werkzeuge 9.The belt scale detects and controls the amount of material that is transported in the direction of the three rollers 6. The three rollers 6 are arranged one above the other and offset so that they include an acute angle alpha with the belt weigher 1. The fibers on the belt scale reach this acute angle. They pass through the rotating rollers 6. In this case, a curtain is formed from the fibers, which is transported vertically downward along the arrow 7 due to gravity. The curtain thus enters the mixer 2, specifically between a plurality of nozzles 8 and tools 9.

Der Mischer besteht aus einem rohrförmigen Gehäuse. Das Gehäuse wird durch eine Doppelwand 10 und 11 gebildet. Zentral im Inneren des Gehäuses ist eine Achse 12 angeordnet, auf der die Werkzeuge 9 befestigt sind. Ein Werkzeug 9 schließt mit der Achse 12 einen rechten Winkel ein. Jeweils vier ruderblattartige Werkzeuge 9 sind sternförmig zusammengefasst. Mehrere dieser zusammengefassten Werkzeuge sind in gleichförmigen Abständen auf der Achse 12 befestigt. Der vordere Bereich, in den der aus Fasern bestehende Vorhang eingeführt wird, ist frei von Werkzeugen. So wird gewährleistet, dass ein hinreichend großer Abstand zwischen den Werkzeugen 9 und den Düsen 8 vorhanden ist. Dieser Abstand ist vorgesehen, damit aus den Düsen 8 austretender Leim nicht während des Betriebes auf die Werkzeuge unmittelbar auftrifft.The mixer consists of a tubular housing. The housing is formed by a double wall 10 and 11. Central to the interior of the housing is an axle 12, on which the tools 9 are mounted. A tool 9 includes with the axis 12 a right angle. Each four rudder blade-like tools 9 are summarized in a star shape. Several of these combined tools are mounted at regular intervals on the axis 12. The front area into which the fiber curtain is inserted is free of tools. This ensures that a sufficiently large distance between the tools 9 and the nozzles 8 is present. This distance is provided so that from the nozzles 8 leaking glue does not impinge directly on the tools during operation.

Der Durchmesser des Gehäuses des Mischers entspricht der Breite der Öffnung, über die der aus Fasern bestehende Vorhang in den Mischer eingeführt wird. Die Breite des Vorhangs ist an die Breite der Öffnung angepasst. Die Hoc hdruck-Düsen 8 sind halbkreisförmig um die Achse 12 herum in einem oberen Bereich angeordnet und werden sowohl mit Leim im Bereich von 40 bis 90 bar und mit Druckluft gespeist. Die eingesetzten Hochdruckdüsen sind als Einstoffdüse oder aber auch als Zweistoffdüse ausgebildet, wenn einer Düse sowohl Leim als auch Druckluft zugeführt werden soll. Der Leimdruck von 40 bis 90 bar wird während des Austritts aus der Düse drallförmig bewegt. Durch Verlassen des vorgesehenen sehr engen Öffnungsspaltes "explodiert" der austretende Leim zu einem Nebel. Die Düsen sind so konstruiert, dass Leim auch bei einem Druck von 250 bar noch vernebelt wird. Der Leimdruck wird durch eine Pumpe bereitgestellt, deren Leistung gesteuert werden kann und zwar insbesondere durch Regelung der Drehzahl.The diameter of the housing of the mixer corresponds to the width of the opening through which the fiber curtain is inserted into the mixer. The width of the curtain is adapted to the width of the opening. The high-pressure nozzles 8 are arranged in a semicircle around the axis 12 in an upper region and are both with Glue in the range of 40 to 90 bar and fed with compressed air. The high pressure nozzles used are designed as a single-fluid nozzle or as a two-fluid nozzle when a nozzle both glue and compressed air to be supplied. The glue pressure of 40 to 90 bar is moved during the exit from the nozzle like a spiral. By leaving the intended very narrow opening gap, the leaking glue "explodes" into a mist. The nozzles are designed in such a way that glue is still atomised even at a pressure of 250 bar. The glue pressure is provided by a pump whose power can be controlled, in particular by controlling the speed.

Es kann so erreicht werden, dass einerseits der Vorhang gleichmäßig mit nebelförmigem Leim versehen wird und andererseits der aus den Düsen 8 austretende vernebelte Leim nicht unmittelbar auf Teile des Mischers auftrifft. Zwischen den Düsen 8 und dem Gehäuse 10, 11 ist ein Abstand angeordnet, so dass eine Art Ringspalt gebildet wird. Über diesen Ringspalt wird Luft angesaugt, die ergänzend sicherstellt, dass ein Leim-Nebel entsteht. Der mit Leim versehene Vorhang (mit anderen Worten eine ganz oder überwiegend aus Fasern gebildete Matte) wird durch den Luftstrom parallel zur Achse 12 durch den Mischer 2 transportiert. Die Achse rotiert während des Transports und somit die Werkzeuge 9. Dabei wird der Leim mit den Fasern weiter vermischt. Zwischen die beiden Wände 10 und 1 1 der Doppelwand wird eine gekühlte Flüssigkeit eingeleitet, um im Inneren des Mischers an seinen Innenwänden eine Kondenswasserschicht entstehen zu lassen.It can be achieved so that on the one hand the curtain is evenly provided with fog-like glue and on the other hand, the emerging from the nozzles 8 atomized glue does not impinge directly on parts of the mixer. Between the nozzles 8 and the housing 10, 11 a distance is arranged, so that a kind of annular gap is formed. Air is sucked in through this annular gap, which additionally ensures that a glue mist is created. The glue-provided curtain (in other words, a wholly or predominantly fiber mat) is transported by the air flow parallel to the axis 12 through the mixer 2. The axis rotates during transport and thus the tools 9. The glue is further mixed with the fibers. Between the two walls 10 and 1 1 of the double wall, a cooled liquid is introduced in order to create a condensation layer in the interior of the mixer on its inner walls.

In der Figur 2 wird eine Aufsicht auf den Mischer parallel zur Achse 12 gezeigt. Aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit sind nur zwei Werkzeuge 9 eingezeichnet. Anhand von Figur 2 wird insbesondere eine einreihige, halbkreisförmige Anordnung der Düsen im oberen Bereich verdeutlicht.FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the mixer parallel to the axis 12. For clarity, only two tools 9 are shown. In particular, a single-row, semi-circular arrangement of the nozzles in the upper area is illustrated with reference to FIG.

Die Erfindung umfasst in besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen einen oder mehrere Schritte, die durch Figur 3 in Verbindung mit der zugehörigen Beschreibung offenbart werden.In particularly advantageous embodiments, the invention comprises one or more steps, which are disclosed by FIG. 3 in conjunction with the associated description.

In der Figur 4 wird die grundsätzliche Anordnung mit Hochdruckpumpe für den Leim nebst Zuführung zu einer Düse näher verdeutlicht. Über eine Leitung 50 wird Leim einer Pumpe 51 zugeleitet. Die Leistung der Pumpe kann geregelt werden. Von der Pumpe 51 aus wird Leim weiter transportiert, passiert dann ein erstes Absperrventil 52 und gelangt schließlich zu den Absperrventilen 53 und 54. Passiert der Leim das Absperrventil 53, so fließt er anschließend durch einen Durchflussmengenmesser 55. Dieser dient der Kontrolle und/ oder der Steuerung der Menge an Leim, die transportiert wird. Alternativ oder ergänzend kann der Leim über eine parallele Leitung 56 geleitet werden, um so große Durchflussmengen zu ermöglichen. Über weitere Absperrventile gelangt der Leim zu einem Verteiler 57, von dem aus der Leim in Richtung der Hochdruck-Düsen 58 und 59 geleitet wird. Aus den Hochdruck-Düsen 58 und 59 tritt der Leim in vernebelter Form aus.In the figure 4, the basic arrangement with high-pressure pump for the glue together with feeding to a nozzle is illustrated in more detail. Via a line 50 glue is fed to a pump 51. The power of the pump can be regulated. Glue from the pump 51 is further transported, then passes through a first shut-off valve 52 and finally reaches the shut-off valves 53 and 54. If the glue passes through the shut-off valve 53, then it flows through a flow meter 55. This serves the control and / or the Control the amount of glue being transported. Alternatively or additionally, the glue may be passed over a parallel conduit 56 to allow for large flow rates. About more shut-off valves, the glue passes to a manifold 57, from which the glue in the direction of the high-pressure nozzles 58 and 59 is passed. From the high pressure nozzles 58 and 59, the glue exits in atomized form.

Um die Vernebelung weiter zu verstärken, wird Druckluft seitlich an die Düsen herangeführt. Die Druckluft wird in eine Leitung 60 eingespeist, passiert Absperrventile 61, 62, 63, 64, die der individuellen Steuerung der zugeführten Druckluft dienen, und tritt schließlich benachbart bei den Hochdruckdüsen 58 und 59 aus. Die Druckluft wird dabei in Richtung des austretenden Leimnebels geblasen. Der Leimnebel wird so weiter verwirbelt.To further increase nebulization, compressed air is supplied laterally to the nozzles. The compressed air is fed to a conduit 60, passes shut-off valves 61, 62, 63, 64, which are used for individual control of the supplied compressed air, and finally exits adjacent to the high pressure nozzles 58 and 59. The compressed air is blown in the direction of the leaking glue mist. The glue mist is so further swirled.

Eine weitere Zuleitung 65 dient der Zufuhr von warmen Wasser, mit dem die Leitungen, Ventile und Düsen gereinigt werden können. Die Hochdruck-Düsen können mittels Druckluft verschlossen werden, um bei Stillstand des Systems die Düsen zusperren zu können und so ein dann unerwünschtes Austreten von Leim verhindern zu können.Another supply line 65 is used to supply warm water, with which the lines, valves and nozzles can be cleaned. The high-pressure nozzles can be closed by means of compressed air in order to be able to shut off the nozzles when the system is at a standstill, thus preventing undesirable leakage of glue.

Claims (14)

  1. Method for gluing of fibers by conveying the glue under pressure wherein the glue then comes out of nozzles under pressure and gets sprayed thereby and subsequently the sprayed glue is applied to a curtain formed of fibers,
    characterized in that
    the glue is conveyed with a pressure of 15-250 bar and comes out of each nozzle with said pressure with more than one liter per minute.
  2. Method according to claim 1 in which the glue is sprayed by means of highly compressed air, wherein a pressure range between 40 and 90 bar is provided.
  3. Method according to one of the preceding claims in which for the spraying of the glue a high pressure pump is applied where the rotational speed of which may preferably be controlled.
  4. Method according one of the preceding claims in which a glue-water-mixture is sprayed, in which the glue portion is 45 to 65 % by weight especially preferred 50-60 % by weight, wherein an urea resin is applied as glue.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the fibers or chips provided with glue are pressed to a panel, in particular by means of a calendar press, wherein the amount of fibers or chips provided with glue is chosen in such a way, that the panel thickness is not more than 10 mm.
  6. Device for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims with means for forming a curtain of wood fibers, with means for conveying of glue and nozzles for spraying the conveyed glue,
    characterized in that
    a high pressure pump for the atomization of the glue, the rotation speed of which may preferably be controlled.
  7. Device according to the preceding claim, having semi-circularly arranged high pressure nozzles (8, 58, 59) for the atomization of glue and the delivery of atomized glue into a mixer, which is provided for mixing the atomized glue and the fibers or chips.
  8. A device according to one of the two preceding claims with a calendar press for pressing the fibers or chips provided with glue.
  9. Device according to one of the claims 6-8 having a flow meter (55) for measuring and/or controlling the transported glue.
  10. Device according to one of the claims 6-9 having a delivery (60) of compressed air to the high pressure nozzles (8, 58, 59).
  11. Device according to one of the claims 6-10 having a feed line (65) for feeding warm water into the glue delivery.
  12. Device according to one of claim 6-11 having a line 56, which serves parallel to the flow meter (55) for the delivery of glue to the high pressure nozzles (8, 58, 59).
  13. Device according to one of the claims 6-12 with shut off valves for controlling and/or dosing of the glue, warm water and/or compressed air supply.
  14. Device according to one of the claims 6-13 with an assembly for locking the high pressure nozzles (8, 58, 59).
EP03818847A 2003-09-12 2003-09-12 High-pressure gluing in a fiber mixer Expired - Lifetime EP1663593B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200330942T SI1663593T1 (en) 2003-09-12 2003-09-12 High-pressure gluing in a fiber mixer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2003/010142 WO2005035213A1 (en) 2003-09-12 2003-09-12 High-pressure gluing in a fiber mixer

Publications (2)

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EP1663593A1 EP1663593A1 (en) 2006-06-07
EP1663593B1 true EP1663593B1 (en) 2007-08-29

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US (1) US20080271850A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1663593B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1845815A (en)
AT (1) ATE371528T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003266383A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2537981A1 (en)
DE (1) DE50308089D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2295709T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1663593E (en)
SI (1) SI1663593T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005035213A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMO20040127A1 (en) 2004-05-25 2004-08-25 Imal Srl PROCESS OF GLUING FRAGMENTS OR WOOD SHAVINGS FOR OSB AND RELATED BONDING APPARATUS.
DE102006013567B4 (en) * 2006-03-24 2013-09-26 Glunz Ag Method and device for applying binder to particles, in particular fibers, which are conveyed through a blown passage
ITMO20110103A1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2012-11-07 Imal Srl DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE INJECTION OF A FLUID WITHIN A FLOW OF UNCONTROL MATERIAL.
DE102011103326B4 (en) * 2011-05-27 2014-08-07 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus and method for gluing fibers
CN104162921A (en) * 2013-05-17 2014-11-26 北京泛欧瑞得科技有限公司 High-pressure quantitative rubber saving process of paste spraying pipe for fiber plate
US20150107749A1 (en) * 2013-10-18 2015-04-23 Unilin, Bvba Process and Device for Gluing Dried Fibers Designated for the Production of Fiberboards
CN108127763B (en) * 2017-12-22 2020-05-08 中南林业科技大学 Recombined bamboo impregnation automatic complete equipment
CN111844340B (en) * 2020-08-05 2022-04-26 临沂市华源经贸有限公司 Shaving board production and processing technology

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US4263091A (en) * 1980-01-25 1981-04-21 Phillips Petroleum Company Fluid flow control
SE443945B (en) * 1981-06-16 1986-03-17 Sten Lovgren Procedure for the manufacture of a disk, a pressed body, or the like, from a mass of tree shavings - particles or the like.
DE3143895C2 (en) * 1981-11-05 1985-01-17 Triangel Spanplatten KG, 3177 Sassenburg Method and device for applying glue to particulate material in the form of chips, fibers or the like.
DE3324106A1 (en) * 1983-07-05 1985-01-17 Draiswerke Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim METHOD FOR GLUING WOOD CHIPS AND THE LIKE WITH LIQUID GLUE AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
DE3336665A1 (en) * 1983-10-08 1985-04-25 Gebrüder Lödige, Maschinenbaugesellschaft mbH, 4790 Paderborn METHOD FOR HUMIDIFYING SOLID SUBSTANCES, AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD
DE4115047C1 (en) * 1991-05-08 1992-07-16 Draiswerke Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim, De Continuous glue applicator to wood chips - has cooled mixt. application tools, and glue make-up mechanism
US5290598A (en) * 1992-09-23 1994-03-01 Azko Coatings, Inc. Process for applying a high solids coating composition using a high pressure airless spray
DE29714302U1 (en) * 1997-04-24 1998-08-27 Walther Spritz Lackiersyst Device for applying 2-component materials
EP1006316B1 (en) * 1998-11-30 2002-10-09 Hamworthy Combustion Engineering Limited Oil fuel burner systems
JP2001293704A (en) * 2000-04-11 2001-10-23 Nippon Polyurethane Ind Co Ltd Apparatus and method for manufacturing woody board
DE20112599U1 (en) * 2001-08-01 2002-12-19 Kronospan Tech Co Ltd MDF board and manufacture
DE10224090A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-11 Metso Paper Inc Chipboard manufacturing process releases loose continual supply of dried fibrous material into an adhesive wetting zone followed by vigorous high-energy compression

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Publication number Publication date
EP1663593A1 (en) 2006-06-07
WO2005035213A1 (en) 2005-04-21
US20080271850A1 (en) 2008-11-06
AU2003266383A1 (en) 2005-04-27
CA2537981A1 (en) 2005-04-21
CN1845815A (en) 2006-10-11
DE50308089D1 (en) 2007-10-11
ES2295709T3 (en) 2008-04-16
PT1663593E (en) 2007-10-10
ATE371528T1 (en) 2007-09-15
SI1663593T1 (en) 2008-02-29

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