EP2747966B1 - Process and apparatus for sizing of particles consisting of fibres and/or chips suitable for production of material boards - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for the gluing of particles, which consist at least partially of fibers and / or chips suitable for the production of material plates, according to claim 1 and to a device for gluing particles, at least partially from suitable for the production of material plates fibers and / or chips, according to claim 9.

The production of material plates from, for example, chips or medium-density fibers or other free-flowing materials are now automated processes and have already been used in many countries for many years. As is known, the compression of processed chips or fibers takes place either clock-bound or continuously. In addition to the many plant components before and after the press, the production of a spreading material mat by means of spreading machines plays an outstanding role, since the quality of the produced spreading material mat is an important factor in addition to the quality of the raw materials. In the large-scale industrial production of wood-based panels are continuously working presses, but sometimes still single or multi-day presses used. The urge to produce cost-effective material panels from natural raw materials and artificially produced binders is forcing producers to be more and more efficient Develop methods. Special emphasis is placed on energy costs, raw material and binder savings with consistent quality and technically optimized plant construction with low downtime and low wear.

The present elaboration refers to the area of optimizing the gluing and / or the binder consumption and, concomitantly, the saving of energy costs. Because with optimum gluing with low moisture content not only lower costs result from binder consumption, but it also has less binder in the dryer on the chips / fibers are dried, which in turn saves energy and thus costs. Basically, the term binder is understood to mean a so-called adhesive liquor which consists of an adhesive in its main component. Depending on requirements, in addition emulsion, hardener, formaldehyde scavengers, dyes, insect repellent and antifungal agents and other additives are added. It is also common to use the adhesive without additives. The following are suitable as binders without any claim to completeness: isocyanates, MDI, melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF), urea formaldehyde (UF), MUPF or PF.

Basically underlying state of the art is the gluing of chips or fibers by means of spray nozzles in production facilities for chip or Fiberboard. The nozzles shred the binder and spray it on moving chips or fibers.

Such devices are for example from the US 4 116 163 A or the DE 203 17 633 U1 known. In US 4,116,163 the chips are thrown after a metering device with a first centrifugal plate against the walls of the chute and with another device in a rotation to form a tubular chip carpet. After this tubular division, the chips are sprayed with a conical spray pattern from the inside out with glue and then thrown on a centrifugal plate radially outward again against the inner walls of the chute. Subsequently, it would be possible to use other mixing devices to intensify the mixing of the glue with the chips. A similar device is for this purpose in DE 203 17 633 U1 shown in the after a metering device in a chute by means of two counter-rotating spiked rollers, the chips are compacted into a particle curtain, which is glued using gluing nozzles with glue. Subsequently, the particle curtain is mixed in a horizontal mixer and fed to further production.

The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device with which the gluing within a chute before a mixing device can be optimized to better Beleimergebnisse and / or to achieve savings in the amount of necessary binder and / or to avoid clumping and caking on the inner walls of the chute.

The solution of the task for the method is that the chute is at least in a first and a second chute section, divided and dissolved in the first chute section the metered particles with a Vorauflösevorrichtung in at least a first particle curtain and / or divided, then the resolved / divided particles are dissolved with a main dissolving device in a second particle curtain and the second particle curtain is glued with a leaking from the nozzle binder and the second particle curtain is then transferred through a second chute section in the mixer for further mixing, wherein as a main resolver at least one rotary driven spiked roller can be used and wherein at least in the second chute section of the chute, a scraper device is used for cleaning the inner walls of the chute. The two chute sections preferably have a different geometry in cross section (plane perpendicular to the direction of fall).

The solution of the object for a device for the gluing of particles is that at least one first and one second chute section is arranged between the dosing device and the mixing device as a chute, wherein at least one first at least a first particle curtain in the first chute section for dissolution and / or metering of the particles Vorauflösevorrichtung, for further dissolution of the particles to a second particle curtain a Hauptauflösevorrichtung and for subsequent gluing of the particles of the second particle curtain are arranged with a binder nozzles, wherein for further transfer of the second particle curtain in the mixer, a second chute section is arranged, wherein as Hauptauflösevorrichtung at least one rotatably driven spiked roller and wherein at least in the second chute section of the chute, a scraper for cleaning the inner walls of the chute is arranged.

Advantageously, a particle stream discharged from a metering device is not simply simply dissolved and glued, but after a first dissolution and optimal distribution, it is fed to a further dissolving device, which in turn, especially at high throughputs, can perform an optimal production of a gluable particle curtain, which in total the gluing result improved.

Basically, the second chute section should have a sufficient drop height, so that the binder sufficiently strong with the Particles can connect and should preferably be formed in the direction of fall at least half as long as the first chute section.

For the pre-resolution by means of a pre-disintegration device, rakes and / or baffles, spoke rollers (consisting of at least two disks which are in a radial distance to the axis of rotation (with or without a continuous shaft) rods, tubes or the like arranged parallel to the axis of rotation) and / or opening rollers, preferably designed as spiked rollers, particularly suitable.

Preferably, at least one, preferably two counter-rotating, rotationally driven spiked roller can be arranged as the main disengaging device. The arrangement of two-substance nozzles as nozzles for gluing would also be advantageous, in particular if the binder is atomised or comminuted with steam, in particular atomized. In order to prevent caking in the chute is further possible that at least in the second chute section on the inner walls of the chute, a separation curtain of glued and / or unprimed particles is formed. In this case, the glued particles from the subsequent process process, ie in the course of the production of material plates, for example, in the trimming of a Pressgutmatte after a spreader can be used. But it is also conceivable before and / or after the metering device or to deposit a part of the first particle curtain as a non-sized particle stream and to introduce it directly past the second main detachment device, into the second region of the dropping shaft.

In the main resolving device, it would also be conceivable that the spiked roller is at least partially enclosed by a guide plate and the Particles are guided and separated by the spiked roller and / or by a pneumatic air flow generated by the spiked roller through a guide gap formed from the guide plate and the spiked roller. In particular, it is also preferred that the second chute section is arranged in the direction of the fall from top to bottom in cross section reducing funnel. In this case, a scraping device for cleaning the inner walls of the chute can be arranged at least in the second chute section of the chute. It would also be conceivable that for cleaning the inner walls of the chute, a doctor blade moves on the inner walls and / or rotated and / or at least the fitting to a doctor blade part of the chute is rotated about its axis lying parallel to the direction of fall.

In the course of the formation of the particle curtains, but in particular as Vorauflösevorrichtung, it may be useful to arrange at least two co-rotating spiked rollers 8 parallel to each other, a spiked roller is operated as a stagnation roller to form a particle accumulation between the two spiked rollers with a lower peripheral speed than the other spiked roller , In most cases, the axis of the accumulation roller is arranged in the direction of fall in front of the axis of the second spiked roller.

In order to achieve a higher throughput and to optimize the to be performed after gluing the particles with the binder, is in the chute before gluing through at least twice a division and / or separation process, wherein the first separation process (Vorauflösevorrichtung) has a coarser resolution / division than the second separation process and for preparation and equalized supply to the second Hauptauflösevorrichtung and the second separation process primarily to Acceleration of the material to be spread in a predetermined direction for creating a high-resolution particle curtain is used, which is then glued by means of preferably vapor-dissolving Beleimdüsen.

The device / system is particularly suitable for carrying out the method, but can also be operated or used independently.

The invention further understands the following terms.

The dissolution and / or the distribution of the particles in the chute is essentially carried out by a first and a second dissolving device, which are each capable of forming a first and a second particle curtain before the gluing of the particles or the second particle curtain is performed. The term "second particle curtain" is understood to mean the formation of a targeted particle stream for gluing by a second dissolving device, in this case the main dissolving device, and not the division of the particles into two or more particle streams by the first dissolving device, here pre-dissolving device, for optimal and in particular uniform charging of the second dissolving device with two or more particle streams. A spiked roller has a variety of spikes or nails or similar shaped body for optimal and targeted promotion respectively dissolution in the axial and radial extent and is driven accordingly with a motor. The nozzles are suitable to dissolve supplied binder and deliver with higher than the ambient pressure in the chute in the direction of a particle curtain. The mixing device consists essentially of a rotationally driven shaft and radially arranged mixing tools for mixing the emerging from the chute particle flow. Dissolution processes or devices are essentially suitable for dissolving the particles, which tend to coagulate by adhesion or other effects, or to separate them so that a uniform flow of material is produced. The particles are preferably fibers and / or chips which are suitable for producing material plates, and plastics, glass fibers, or the like could be used in addition to these usually lignocellulosic and / or cellulosic materials or their substitutes.

Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description with the drawing.

Figur 1

in schematischer Ansicht ein Vorrichtung zur Beleimung von Partikel beginnend mit der Dosiervorrichtung und endend mit einer Mischvorrichtung und einem dazwischen angeordneten Fallschacht in einer ersten allgemeinen Darstellung,

Figur 2

in einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel die Anordnung einer Schabvorrichtung im unteren Teil des Fallschachtes in einer Vorrichtung nach Figur 1,

Figur 3

in einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der ersten und zweiten Auflösevorrichtungen,

Figur 4

in einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel die Anordnung einer Dosierauflösungsvorrichtung in einer Vorrichtung nach Figur 1,

Figur 5

in einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel eine Variante eine ersten Auflösungsvorrichtung zur Ausbildung eines Partikelvorhanges,

Figur 6

in einem sechsten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Variante eine ersten Auflösungsvorrichtung zur Ausbildung eines Partikelvorhanges und

Figur 7

in einem siebten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Möglichkeit zur Verhinderung der Anbackungen im zweiten Fallschachtabschnitt

Show it:

FIG. 1

a schematic view of a device for gluing of particles starting with the metering device and ending with a mixing device and a chute disposed therebetween in a first general illustration,

FIG. 2

in a second embodiment, the arrangement of a scraper in the lower part of the chute in a device according to FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3

in a third embodiment, a particularly preferred embodiment of the first and second dissolving devices,

FIG. 4

in a fourth embodiment, the arrangement of a Dosierauflösungsvorrichtung in a device according to FIG. 1 .

FIG. 5

in a fifth embodiment, a variant of a first dissolution apparatus for forming a particle curtain,

FIG. 6

in a sixth embodiment, a variant of a first dissolution apparatus for forming a particle curtain and

FIG. 7

in a seventh embodiment, a way to prevent the caking in the second chute section

In FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for gluing of particles beginning with the metering device 11 and ending with a mixing device 10 and a chute 4 arranged therebetween in a first general representation. The particles are in the metering device 11, usually from a particle bunker by means of discharge, registered there weighed (schematic weighing device below the upper endless circulating conveyor belt) and a standard band control (not shown) for metering into the chute 4 introduced. There, the particle stream or the particles 1 impinges on a pre-dissolving device 2, which is essentially unspecified here, and is there dissolved to a first particle curtain 5 and / or split and thus controlled and pre-dissolved supplied to a (second) main dissolving device 3. The dissolution or division may also be the formation of a plurality of particle curtains 5 and / or the deposition of at least a portion of the particles for use as non-sized particles in a separation curtain 19 (cf. FIG. 7 Particle Curtain 5 ').

The main dissolving device 5 now forms from the highly accurately fed particle curtain 5 a further, second particle curtain 7, which is then sprayed and glued by means of suitable nozzles 14 with a binder 6. In the course of the particle curtain 7 falls through the second chute section 15 of the chute 4 and then passes into the mixing device 10, in which by means of a rotating shaft 16 by 16 mixing tools the glued particles 1 mechanically mix again and finally as a mixed particle stream (discharge arrow) output. The particle stream is then stored in a dosing bunker or directly into a spreader to form a Grit mat, which can be pressed in the course in a press to a material plate and / or cured, introduced.

As the second chute section 15, a funnel reducing in cross-section from top to bottom in the direction of fall 13 can be arranged, which allows a large first chute section 12, but nevertheless allows optimal input into a narrower mixing device 10.

In FIG. 2 is a further embodiment of an embodiment of a device shown. In particular, a scraping device 21 for cleaning the inner walls of the chute 4 is arranged at least in the second chute section 15 of the chute 4. In this case, for cleaning the inner walls of the chute 4, a scraper 22 can be arranged on the inner walls movable and / or rotatable. Alternatively or in combination, at least the part of the chute 4 resting against a scraper blade 22 can be rotated about its axis lying parallel to the direction of fall 13 by means of a drive. This is shown with a rotation arrow directly above the mixing device 10. To illustrate a rotating scraping blade 22, this was shown on the right inner wall of the second chute section with a solid line, on the left inner wall with a dashed line. The presentation of suitable drives has been omitted for the sake of simplicity.

FIG. 3 In addition, a guide plate 9 for at least partially enclosing the spiked roller 8 is arranged to form a guide gap 20 for guiding and singulating the particles 9 and for forming a second particle curtain 7 in a further preferred embodiment of a dissolving device. In the example, two such guide gaps 20 are shown (it may also be only one or more), so that the Vorauflösevorrichtung 2, here only shown as a roof plate, dividing the particles into two particle curtains 5, which are separately fed to the two spiked rollers 8 and transported by the rotation direction (shown with arrows) in the guide gap 20 and separated. Subsequently, the two separate streams of particles from the guide columns 20 can be reunited into a particle curtain 7 and are glued by means of the nozzles 14. In FIG. 3 Alternatively, instead of the described and drawn variant (spraying from the outside by means of the nozzles 14), the binder 6 directly into the region of the merger of the two emerging from the guide gap 20 streams or each directly to these two streams by means disposed between the spiked rollers 8 nozzles 14 or Nozzle bars 28 are performed.

FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment in which the particles 1 with at least one Dosierauflösevorrichtung, preferably designed as a spiked roller 8, are discharged from the metering device 11. It ensures the Dosierauflösevorrichtung 11 preferably for a uniform discharge of lying on the conveyor belt of the metering device 11 particles and prevents lumpy and thus uncontrollable demolition thereof. It can also be provided that the Dosierauflösevorrichtung 11 replaces or supports the Vorauflösevorrichtung 2.

As in FIG. 5 shown, as Vorauflösevorrichtung 2 (but also as Hauptauflösevorrichtung 3) for forming at least one of the particle curtains 5, 7 two co-rotating spiked rollers 8 are arranged parallel to each other, wherein a spiked roller 8 as a jam roller 23 to form a particle jam 26 between the two spiked rollers 8 with a lower peripheral speed than the other spiked roller 8 is operable. The particle accumulation 26 thus forms a quasi-stockpile for a controlled discharge of particles 1 into the particle curtain 5, 7.

FIG. 6 shows a further variant of a Vorauflösevorrichtung 2, which is shown here as a combination of a baffle plate 25 with rake 24 in side and arrow marked top view at the top right. It is also possible to arrange only one rake 24 or only one baffle plate 25 for equalizing the particles 1 from the dosing device 11.

In FIG. 7 Now, an unspecified Vorauflösevorrichtung 2 is shown and the training a separation curtain 19, at least in second chute section 15 on the inner walls of the chute 4 consists of glued and / or unprimed particles 1 and can be guided along there. For glued particles 1, filling openings 27 can be provided for forming the separating curtain 19.

However, it can also be provided in particular that after or by means of the pre-dissolving device 2, a partial flow (particle curtain 5 ') of the particles 1 or the first particle curtain 5 is guided past the (second) main dissolving device 3 and a non-glued separation curtain 19 on the inner walls of the chute sections 12, 15 trains. Of course, a combination of it would be conceivable.

The chute sections 12, 15 can both be rotationally symmetrical, but preferably a rectangular or at least approximately rectangular cross section of the chute section 12 is finally transferred in the direction of fall 13 into a rotationally symmetrical discharge end of the chute section 15. List of Reference Numerals: P1425 1. particles 15th second chute section Second Vorauflösevorrichtung 16th wave Third Main dissolver 17th Mixing tools 4th chute 18th Dosierauflösevorrichtung 5th first particle curtain 19th curtain 6th binder 20th guide gap 7th second particle curtain 21st scraper 8th. spiked roller 22nd Schabmesser 9th guide plate 23rd jam roll 10th mixing device 24th rake 11th metering 25th baffle 12th first chute section 26th particle storage 13th falling direction 27th fill opening 14th jet 28th nozzle beam

Claims (16)

1. A method for sizing particles (1), which consist at least partly of fibres and/or chips suitable for the production of material boards, wherein the particles are dosed by a dosing apparatus (11) for sizing, sized with a binding agent (6) in a substantially vertical drop shaft (4), and subsequently mixed in a substantially horizontal mixing apparatus (10), wherein the vertical drop shaft (4) is subdivided at least into a first and a second drop shaft section (12, 15), and the dosed particles (1) are disintegrated and/or divided by a preliminary disintegration apparatus (2) in the first drop shaft section (12) into at least one first particle curtain (5), the disintegrated/divided particles (1) are disintegrated by a second main disintegration apparatus (3) into a second particle curtain (7), and the second particle curtain (7) is sized with a binding agent (6) emerging from nozzles (14), and the second particle curtain (7) is subsequently transferred via a second drop shaft section (15) into the mixer (10) for further mixing, wherein at least one rotatably driven spiked roller (8) is used as the main disintegration apparatus (3), and that a scraper apparatus (21) is used at least in the second drop shaft section (15) of the drop shaft (4) for cleaning the inner walls of the drop shaft (4).
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein a rake (24) and/or a baffle plate (25), a spoked roller or a disintegrating roller, preferably formed as a spiked roller (8), is used as a preliminary disintegration apparatus (2).
3. A method according to the claims 1 or 2, wherein two spiked rollers (8) which are rotatably driven in opposite directions are used as the main disintegration apparatus (3).
4. A method according to one or several of the preceding claims, wherein a separating curtain (19) is formed of sized and/or non-sized particles (1) at least in the second drop shaft section (15) on the inner walls of the drop shaft (4).
5. A method according to one or several of the preceding claims, wherein the spiked roller (8) of the main disintegration apparatus (3) and/or the preliminary disintegration apparatus (2) are surrounded at least partly by a guide plate (9), and the particles (1) are guided and separated by the spiked roller (8) through a guide gap formed by the guide plate (9) and the spiked roller (8).
6. A method according to one or several of the preceding claims, wherein a funnel which decreases in its cross-section from top to bottom in the falling direction (13) is arranged as the second drop shaft section (15).
7. A method according to one or several of the preceding claims, wherein for cleaning the inner walls of the drop shaft (4) a scraper blade (22) is moved on the inner walls and/or rotates thereon, and/or at least the portion of the drop shaft (4) resting on a scraper blade (22) is rotated about its axis disposed parallel to the falling direction (13).
8. A method according to one or several of the preceding claims, wherein the particles (1) are discharged by at least one spiked roller (8) from the dosing apparatus (11).
9. An apparatus for sizing particles (1), which consist at least partly of fibres and/or chips suitable for the production of material boards, comprising a dosing apparatus (11) for dosing the particles (1), a substantially vertical drop shaft (4) and a substantially horizontal mixing apparatus (10), wherein at least one first and one second drop shaft section (12, 15) are arranged as a drop shaft (4) between the dosing apparatus (11) and the mixing apparatus (10), wherein at least one preliminary disintegration apparatus (2) is arranged in the first drop shaft section (12) for disintegrating and/or dosing the particles (1) to form at least one first particle curtain (5), a main disintegration apparatus (3) is arranged for the further disintegration of the particles (1) to form a second particle curtain (7), and nozzles (14) are arranged for the subsequent sizing of the particles (1) of the second particle curtain (7) with a binding agent (6), wherein a second drop shaft section (15) is arranged for the further transfer of the second particle curtain (7) into the mixer, wherein at least one rotatably driven spiked roller (8) is arranged as the main disintegration apparatus (3), and that a scraper apparatus (21) is arranged at least in the second drop shaft section (15) of the drop shaft (4) for cleaning the inner walls of the drop shaft (4).
10. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein a rake (24) and/or a baffle plate (25), a spoked roller or a disintegrating roller, preferably formed as a spiked roller (8), is used as a preliminary disintegration apparatus (2).
11. An apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, wherein two spiked rollers (8) which are rotatably driven in opposite directions are used as the main disintegration apparatus (3).
12. An apparatus according to one or several of the claims 9 to 11, wherein filling openings (27) for forming a separating curtain (19) consisting of sized and/or non-sized particles (1) is arranged at least in the second drop shaft section (15) on the inner walls of the drop shaft (4).
13. An apparatus according to one or several of the claims 9 to 12, wherein a guide plate (9) for the at least partial enclosure of the spiked roller (8) is arranged for forming a guide gap (20) for guiding and separating the particles (9) and for forming a second particle curtain (7).
14. An apparatus according to one or several of the claims 9 to 13, wherein a funnel which decreases in its cross-section from top to bottom in the falling direction (13) is arranged as the second drop shaft section (15).
15. An apparatus according to one or several of the claims 9 to 14, wherein for cleaning the inner walls of the drop shaft (4) a scraper blade (22) can be moved and/or is rotatably arranged on the inner walls, and/or at least the portion of the drop shaft (4) resting on a scraper blade (22) is rotatably arranged about its axis disposed parallel to the falling direction (13).
16. An apparatus according to one or several of the claims 9 to 15, wherein at least one spiked roller (8) is arranged on the output side of the dosing apparatus (11) for discharging and dosing the particles (11).

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