EP2472211B1 - Dispositif d'échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Dispositif d'échangeur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2472211B1
EP2472211B1 EP11009614.6A EP11009614A EP2472211B1 EP 2472211 B1 EP2472211 B1 EP 2472211B1 EP 11009614 A EP11009614 A EP 11009614A EP 2472211 B1 EP2472211 B1 EP 2472211B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
fluid
container
distributing
openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11009614.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2472211A3 (fr
EP2472211A2 (fr
Inventor
Michael Baus
Jörg DIETRICH
Thomas Hecht
Helmut Kreis
Wolfgang Süssmann
Rudolf Wanke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP2472211A2 publication Critical patent/EP2472211A2/fr
Publication of EP2472211A3 publication Critical patent/EP2472211A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2472211B1 publication Critical patent/EP2472211B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
    • F28D3/04—Distributing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger device with a distributor device for distributing a fluid, which in particular has a liquid component and a gas component.
  • Distribution devices are known, for example, as inlet distributors when two or more phase fluids are introduced into a container.
  • vane inlet devices are known in order to achieve an even distribution and improved pre-separation of the fluid.
  • the DE 10 2009 022 673 A1 discloses, for example, arranged on a floor panel vanes in the manner of slats with lugs as a distributor.
  • the DE 39 13 579 A1 discloses, for example, a heat exchanger with a jacket space through continuous tubes in which the medium to be cooled flows.
  • a baffle plate is proposed. The disclosed baffle is provided with holes and arranged in a horizontal plane in the flow space.
  • a heat exchanger apparatus comprising a container having a fluid inlet, at least one plate heat exchanger disposed in the container, and a distributor arranged in the container above the plate heat exchanger for distributing a fluid in the container from the fluid inlet of the container
  • Distributor comprises a guide portion and a distributor portion adjacent to the guide portion, and wherein the distribution portion having openings for passage of the fluid, wherein the guide portion and the distribution portion of at least two guide plates arranged one another and substantially perpendicular to each other, wherein the one guide plate as horizontal distribution plate is formed and the areas having openings for passage of the fluid, and wherein the other guide plate is formed as a vertical baffle plate, and wherein the container zylinderför mig formed and the cylinder axis is arranged horizontally, wherein the baffle vertically and the distribution plate horizontally along or parallel to the cylinder axis, and wherein the distribution device with a container wall of the container defines a space portion in the container, the inflow side to the fluid in
  • the distribution device can be laterally closed in such a fluid-tight manner that fluid can only pass downwards through the openings and is otherwise held by the distribution device.
  • the fluid may in particular have a liquid fraction and a gas fraction.
  • the fluid may be a refrigerant which enters a jacket space as a container as gas-liquid mixture.
  • a corresponding fluid flows only locally in the region of a fluid inlet or inlet nozzle of the container, a particularly favorable homogeneous fluid distribution is achieved by the distributor, which can also be referred to as inlet flow diverter.
  • the distribution device is particularly suitable for use in a cryogenic plant. Areas of application, however, include other process engineering systems in which heat exchangers are used. This may be the case, for example, in the context of gas liquefaction or air separation.
  • the guide plate is designed as a bent sheet with a profile.
  • the profile may be, for example, a circular section, a bent angle or an edge profile, for example in the manner of an L-angle.
  • the guide plates may for example have a rectangular shape.
  • the distribution plate has openings, such as holes, gaps, slits, or, for example, material removal machined recesses with different geometries, in particular to pass fluid downwardly.
  • the distribution device is arranged horizontally.
  • the distribution section forms, for example, a horizontal area with holes or slot openings.
  • an embodiment of the distribution device for distributing a fluid in a container from a fluid inlet of the container comprises at least two guide plates arranged one against the other and substantially perpendicular to one another.
  • one of the guide plates on areas with openings for the passage of the fluid.
  • the first guide plate may in particular be designed as a baffle plate and the second guide plate as a distribution plate.
  • the designed as baffle guide plate preferably extends vertically and running as a distribution plate baffle horizontal.
  • the distributor is laterally vertically completely or partially closed, so that a fluid flow is passed through the openings of the Verteilblechs substantially.
  • the two guide plates form an L-profile, and on end faces of the L-profile side plates are arranged.
  • the side plates for example, close off the distributor laterally fluid-tight.
  • the openings are designed as slots.
  • the slots are formed in particular in the distribution plate and in the direction substantially perpendicular to an edge of the distributor plate or a profile angle.
  • the distributor is preferably formed at least partially of aluminum or stainless steel.
  • the choice of material can be adapted to the particular use of the distribution device, for example in cryogenic plants.
  • the heat exchanger device is designed in particular as a block-in-container heat exchanger. This is also referred to as core-in-shell or block-in-kettle heat exchanger arrangements.
  • several, usually designed as a plate heat exchanger heat exchanger blocks are arranged in a container or in a jacket space next to each other in the rule.
  • the shell space forms, for example, a flow space for the cooling medium, which is usually evaporated isothermally, wherein the fluid flowing in the heat exchanger block is cooled.
  • the heat exchanger blocks are preferably arranged at the same level. There may also be a non-isothermal evaporation.
  • one embodiment of the heat exchanger device comprises a container with a fluid inlet, a plurality of heat exchanger blocks arranged in the container and above the heat exchanger blocks a distributor device for distributing the fluid flowing through the fluid inlet, the distributor device comprising at least one guide plate with a guide section and a distributor section adjoining the guide section and wherein the distribution section has areas with openings for the passage of the fluid.
  • the container is cylindrical and forms a jacket space for a flow area for the refrigerant.
  • the cylinder axis is preferably arranged horizontally.
  • the distribution device is formed of a baffle plate, which is vertical, and a distribution plate which extends horizontally along or parallel to the cylinder axis.
  • the downwardly directed openings in the distribution plate are above the heat exchanger blocks or the block. Above is understood to be higher than in a vertical direction.
  • the distributor does not necessarily have to run completely over the heat exchanger blocks.
  • the distributor device is arranged in the container in such a way that a fluid flowing into the container through the fluid inlet flows through the openings of the distributor section into predetermined jacket regions in a targeted manner.
  • inflowing fluid at least partially falls on the heat exchanger block.
  • the arrangement and design of the openings allows a targeted distribution of the liquid portion of the fluid through the openings on or adjacent to or the heat exchanger blocks in the shell space.
  • fluid in particular liquid
  • evaporation for example by a heat exchanger block.
  • the separation of a gas and liquid phase is thereby improved.
  • the distribution device together with walls of the container and the optional side plates, delimits a space portion in the container.
  • the distributor and walls of the container include a space portion.
  • the space portion for example in the manner of a distribution channel, connects the fluid inlet in a wall of the container with the flow space by means of the openings in the distribution section of the distributor.
  • the space portion is coupled upstream of the fluid inlet and outflow coupled to the openings as an outlet.
  • the fluid inlet has an inlet cross-sectional area and an inlet direction.
  • the distribution device preferably has a longitudinal axis, which is designed to be horizontal and parallel along the longitudinal extent of the container.
  • the longitudinal extent of the distributor is perpendicular to the direction of entry.
  • the openings are designed as slots perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the container.
  • the slots extend, for example, parallel to cross-sectional areas of the space portion or of the container, which are formed perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the container.
  • the cross section of a distribution channel formed by means of the distributor and walls of the container corresponds to an inlet cross section of the fluid inlet. This makes it possible to realize a particularly favorable flow distribution, for example, from the fluid inlet to the left and right of a corresponding nozzle away.
  • the distribution device is designed in the manner of an L-profile sheet.
  • the slot width is between 30 mm and 70 mm. Most preferably, the slots are 50mm wide.
  • the openings are made as slots, and the slots are spaced from an edge or angle of the L profile sheet between 40 mm and 100 mm. Particularly preferably, the distance between 60 mm and 80 mm.
  • a total cross-sectional area of all openings is between 150% and 250% of the cross-sectional area of the fluid inlet. Particularly preferably, the total cross-sectional area of the openings is twice as large as the cross-sectional area of the inlet.
  • the distributor is then preferably completed by side plates. In principle, several inlet ports are conceivable.
  • the distribution section of the distribution device is configured with fluid-tight regions such that no heat exchanger block is below the fluid-tight region.
  • the distribution section of the distribution device is provided with openings exclusively directly above the heat exchanger block (s) and is otherwise made fluid-tight. As a result, no fluid drips or flows into areas between adjacent heat exchanger blocks in the container.
  • the heat exchanger blocks and the distribution device are arranged such that openings of the distribution section are present above the heat exchanger blocks and the distribution section is otherwise closed.
  • the distribution section of the distribution device is provided with openings next to or between the heat exchanger blocks and otherwise configured fluid-tight. As a result, no fluid drips or flows into areas above the heat exchanger blocks in the container.
  • the heat exchanger blocks and the distribution device are arranged such that adjacent to or laterally of the heat exchanger blocks openings of the distribution section are present and the distribution section is otherwise closed.
  • one or more fluid outlets are provided in addition to a fluid inlet. Below the fluid outlet nozzle of the container, in particular for gaseous fluid, no openings of the distribution section of the distributor are provided.
  • the fluid is distributed as a cooling medium from above via a horizontal distribution channel by means of the distributor to where there is a favorable flow around the heat exchanger blocks.
  • the arrangement of the openings, the fluid can be selectively directed into areas of the flow area with the heat exchanger blocks, in which a gas-liquid separation is efficiently possible.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a perspective schematic representation of a first embodiment of a distribution device.
  • the distributor 1 comprises a vertical and a horizontal baffle which form an L-angle along a common edge 13.
  • the vertical guide plate 2 serves as a guide section and the horizontal distribution plate 3 as a distribution section.
  • the distribution plate 3 has areas 4, 5 with openings 8, 9. Between the areas 4, 5 with the openings 8, 9, a fluid-tight region 10 is provided. Through the openings, which in the FIG. 1 in the rear region 4 are designed as slots 8, and in the front region 5 are formed as holes 9, fluid can pass downwards.
  • the distribution device 1 as in the FIG. 1 is shown, combines the functions of a perforated baffle plate with that of an inlet flow diverter, so a manifold near a flow nozzle of a container.
  • a guide section 2 essentially serves to drain or divert fluid.
  • the distribution section 3 makes it possible, with the aid of the openings 8, 9, to dispense fluid specifically below the distribution device 1.
  • the FIG. 2 shows a perspective schematic representation of a second embodiment of a distribution device.
  • the distribution device 18 is designed in the manner of a curved guide plate.
  • the FIG. 2 shows one in the orientation of the FIG. 2 vertical guide section 2 and a horizontal distribution section 3 of the baffle.
  • In the distribution section 3 are provided areas 4, 5 with longitudinal openings 8 in the manner of slits.
  • In the central region 10 of the distribution section 3 are no holes or slits.
  • FIG. 2 is a possible fluid flow indicated by arrows.
  • inflowing through an inlet connection of a container fluid 15 reaches the baffle of the distribution device 18.
  • the fluid is pressed substantially horizontally to the left and right, as indicated by the arrows 16.
  • the fluid flows or flows along the fluid-tight region 10 in the direction of the areas 4, 5 provided with openings 8.
  • the fluid exits through the openings 8 downwards, which is indicated by arrows 17.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a distribution device.
  • the in the FIG. 3 distributor device 24 shown is manufactured as a circular segment-shaped profile, for example from a sheet metal such as aluminum or stainless steel.
  • a distribution section 2 is provided opposite a container opening or a fluid inlet 26. Fluid 15 flowing in through the fluid inlet 26 strikes the distributor section 2 of the distributor device 24. In the lower region, downwardly directed openings are provided in the plate of the distributor device 24, which are shown dotted. The circular section, which points essentially downwards, is referred to as the distribution section 3. Due to the plate areas provided with openings in the areas 4, the fluid 17 can escape downwards.
  • the arrangement and positioning of the openings within the distribution channel 23 can be a targeted supply of fluid, for example, in the direction of heat exchanger blocks.
  • gravitational acceleration which is usually shown vertically. Horizontal in this context means perpendicular to the gravitational acceleration.
  • FIG. 4 a heat exchanger device 100 shown in longitudinal section.
  • FIG. 5 FIG. 3 illustrates a section AA transverse to an axis of symmetry of the heat exchanger device 100.
  • FIG. 6 an illustration of a fourth embodiment of a distributor 101 is shown in perspective, which is provided in the heat exchanger device 100.
  • the heat exchanger device 100 is configured as a block-in-tank configuration. That is, a plurality of heat exchanger blocks 28, 29, 30 are installed within a cylindrical container 27, which is also referred to as a jacket.
  • FIG. 4 detects, in a cylindrical container 27 whose longitudinal axis 34, which is also an axis of symmetry and extends horizontally, three heat exchanger blocks 28, 29, 30 are provided.
  • fluid to be liquefied such as natural gas or a process gas
  • inlet ports 31 which pierce the jacket or tank 27 in an upper region
  • outlet nozzle 32 which are provided in the lower region of the shell 27, is discharged.
  • a mainly liquid refrigerant is evaporated isothermally.
  • a fluid inlet 26 is provided approximately in the middle in the upper region in the jacket 27.
  • the fluid is referred to below as a refrigerant or cryogen.
  • the refrigerant occurs locally as a gas-liquid mixture.
  • the liquid fraction is vaporized at the heat exchanger blocks 28, 29, 30 and exits as gas through fluid outlet openings 33 from the jacket space again.
  • the fluid inlet 26 is arranged lower than the fluid outlets 33 for the cold medium. It is desirable that only the gas portion of the refrigerant from the shell space via the outlet nozzle or fluid outlets 23 is subtracted. In order to reduce entrainment of liquid refrigerant as much as possible, is an improved distribution desired by the fluid inlet nozzle 26 entering gas-liquid mixture. Therefore, a distributor 101 is provided in the container 27.
  • the circular cross section of the cylinder jacket 27 as a container and provided in the interior heat exchanger block 28 with an inlet 31 and a drain 32 for fluid to be cooled.
  • the refrigerant 15 enters a distribution channel 23 there.
  • the distribution channel 23 is formed by a space portion within the shell 27, which is formed by the jacket wall 25 and an L-shaped guide plate of a guide portion and a distribution section 3.
  • the FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the distributor 101.
  • the FIG. 6 shows the distributor 101 with a baffle 2, which is provided vertically and a distribution plate 3, which is provided horizontally.
  • side plates 19, 20 are provided, which are placed on the L-profile edges and connected fluid-tight and are connected to the guide and distribution plates 2, 3.
  • An edge or contour 21, 22 of the side plates 19, 20 nestles against the container wall 25 (see. FIG. 5 ) and forms a fluid-tight seal with the container wall or jacket wall 25.
  • the resulting space section or distribution channel 23 thus connects the fluid inlet 26 with the interior of the shell 27 via the openings 8 in the distribution plate 3.
  • the openings 8 are slit-shaped and extend substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal extension of the distributor 101 and perpendicular to an axis of symmetry 34 of the container 27th
  • the fluid inlet in the direction of the distributor 101 is arranged essentially in the middle of the longitudinal extent of the distributor 101. This results in a splitting of an inflowing fluid into two partial flows each about half.
  • the inlet nozzle 26 has a predetermined inlet cross-section.
  • the geometry and the dimensions of the distribution channel 23 by an L-profile is chosen such that the most uniform possible distribution of the cooling medium in the shell space is achieved. For example, in areas where gas loading of the fluid by evaporation of the coolant at the heat exchanger blocks 28, 29, 30 is particularly high, one can reduce the number of slots per length of the distribution plate 3 or slot cross-sections.
  • the gas content is more manageable by introduced steam at the refrigerant inlet at the openings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif échangeur de chaleur (100), comprenant un récipient (27) qui possède une entrée de fluide (26), au moins un échangeur de chaleur à plaques (28) disposé dans le récipient (27), et comprenant un dispositif de distribution (1, 101), disposé dans le récipient (27) au-dessus de l'échangeur de chaleur à plaques (28) et servant à distribuer un fluide (15) dans le récipient (27) à partir de l'entrée de fluide (26) du récipient (27), le dispositif de distribution (1, 101) comportant une portion de guidage (2) et une portion de distribution (3) adjacente à la portion de guidage (2), et la portion de distribution (3) possédant des zones (4, 5) munies d'ouvertures (8, 9) pour laisser passer le fluide (17), la portion de guidage (2) et la portion de distribution étant formées par au moins deux plaques de guidage disposées l'une contre l'autre et sensiblement perpendiculairement l'une à l'autre, l'une des plaques de guidage étant réalisée sous la forme d'une tôle de distribution horizontale et possédant les zones (4, 5) munies d'ouvertures (8, 9) pour laisser passer le fluide, et l'autre plaque de guidage étant réalisée sous la forme d'une chicane verticale, et le récipient étant de configuration cylindrique et l'axe de cylindre étant disposé horizontalement, la chicane s'étendant verticalement et la tôle de distribution horizontalement le long de ou parallèlement à l'axe de cylindre, et le dispositif de distribution délimitant, avec une paroi de récipient (25) du récipient (27), une portion d'espace (23) dans le récipient qui, du côté de l'écoulement d'entrée, est connectée à l'entrée de fluide et, du côté de l'écoulement de sortie, aux ouvertures faisant office de sortie.
  2. Dispositif échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, les deux plaques de guidage (2, 3) formant un profilé en L et des plaques latérales (19, 20) étant disposées sur les côtés frontaux du profilé en L.
  3. Dispositif échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, les ouvertures (8) étant réalisées sous la forme de fentes, notamment dans la tôle de distribution et dans la direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à un bord de la tôle de distribution ou d'un angle de profilé.
  4. Dispositif échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, le dispositif de distribution (1) étant au moins partiellement constitué d'aluminium ou d'acier inoxydable.
  5. Dispositif échangeur de chaleur (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le dispositif de distribution (101) étant disposé dans le récipient (27) de telle sorte qu'un fluide (15) qui pénètre dans le récipient (27) à travers l'entrée de fluide (26) chute au moins partiellement sur le bloc échangeur de chaleur (28) à travers les ouvertures (8) de la portion de distribution (3).
  6. Dispositif échangeur de chaleur (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la portion de distribution (3) étant équipée de zones étanches au fluide (10, 11, 12) de telle sorte qu'un ou plusieurs blocs échangeurs de chaleur (28) sont au moins partiellement disposés sous les zones étanches au fluide (10, 11, 12).
  7. Dispositif échangeur de chaleur (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, une surface de section transversale totale des ouvertures (8) correspondant à entre 150 % et 250 % de la surface de section transversale de l'entrée de fluide (26).
EP11009614.6A 2010-12-30 2011-12-06 Dispositif d'échangeur de chaleur Active EP2472211B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010064405 2010-12-30
DE201110013340 DE102011013340A1 (de) 2010-12-30 2011-03-08 Verteileinrichtung und Wärmetauschervorrichtung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2472211A2 EP2472211A2 (fr) 2012-07-04
EP2472211A3 EP2472211A3 (fr) 2015-01-07
EP2472211B1 true EP2472211B1 (fr) 2018-11-07

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ID=45318770

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11009614.6A Active EP2472211B1 (fr) 2010-12-30 2011-12-06 Dispositif d'échangeur de chaleur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9157690B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2472211B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5971941B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102538560B (fr)
DE (1) DE102011013340A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2710552T3 (fr)

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FR3032521B1 (fr) * 2015-02-06 2017-02-17 Air Liquide Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un dispositif de distribution de liquide frigorigene
EP4102165A1 (fr) * 2017-10-20 2022-12-14 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Échangeur de chaleur à ruissellement
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DE102011013340A1 (de) 2012-07-05
JP5971941B2 (ja) 2016-08-17
US9157690B2 (en) 2015-10-13
EP2472211A3 (fr) 2015-01-07
EP2472211A2 (fr) 2012-07-04
CN102538560B (zh) 2015-08-26
AU2012200007A8 (en) 2016-01-21
CN102538560A (zh) 2012-07-04
ES2710552T3 (es) 2019-04-25
US20120175091A1 (en) 2012-07-12
AU2012200007B2 (en) 2015-08-20
JP2012141126A (ja) 2012-07-26
AU2012200007A1 (en) 2012-07-19

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