Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D498/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
  • C07D498/14—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• the present invention relates to medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical science.
• Provided herein are compounds that inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
• mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase and has been identified as a regulator of protein synthesis as well as cell growth and proliferation. Also, mTOR has been shown to regulate the response of tumor cells to nutrients and growth factors as well as the ability of tumors to promote angiogenesis. Thus, inhibitors of mTOR activity are being actively studied as potential anti-proliferative agents. Currently inhibitors of mTOR are approved for immunosuppression and cancer treatment.
• rapamycin an inhibitor of mTOR, inhibits proliferation or growth of cells derived from a range of tissue types such as smooth muscle and T-cells as well as cells derived from a diverse range of tumor types including rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma and medulloblastoma, small cell lung cancer, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma and breast and prostate carcinoma.
• rapamycin and its derivatives have shown the ability to potentiate the cytotoxicity of a number of common cancer chemotherapies including cisplatin, camptothecin and doxorubicin.
• mTOR functions in two distinct complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2). Rapamycin primarily inhibits the mTORC1 complex while largely sparing mTORC2 activity.
• mTORC1 and mTORC2 primarily inhibits the mTORC1 complex while largely sparing mTORC2 activity.
• one strategy is to identify compounds that are capable of inhibiting mTORC1 and mTORC2 mediated activity in the cell.
• the compounds of the present invention are such inhibitors of mTOR and are useful to treat disorders associated with mTOR.
• mTOR Complex1-S6K1 integratesvarious extrinsic signals that regulate cell growth and metabolism.
• rapamycin provided a link between mTOR Complex1-S6K1 and adipogenesis. Also it has been demonstrated that S6K1-deficient mice are protected from diet and age induced obesity.
• Certain inhibitors of PI3K are disclosed in WO2006/005915 . Certain inhibitors of mTOR and/or PI3K are disclosed in WO 2008/023180 and in WO 2009/070524 .
• G 1 is selected from the group consisting ofN and CR 7 ;
• Ar is selected from the group consisting of C 4-14 aryl and C 1-10 heteroaryl;
• m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 1 is, each time taken, independently selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-8 sulfonyl, optionally substituted C 2-4 alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-4 alkynyl, optionally substituted C 1-4 alkoxy, C 0-8 alkylamino, optionally substituted C 4-14 aryl, optionally substituted C 4-14 aryloxy, optionally substituted C 1-10 heteroaryloxy, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, C 1-5 carbonyloxy, optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 1
• the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, comprising: a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the compounds of the invention are inhibitors of mTOR they are useful for the treatment of conditions associated with mTOR, including cancer.
• the invention relates to methods of treating conditions associated with mTOR, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula I.
• the present invention provides for the use of compounds of formula I, including for the manufacture of a medicament, each specifically including for the treatment of particular conditions associated with mTOR.
• the present invention also provides an article of manufacture: comprising at least one compound of formula I and a label. Also provided are kits comprising at least one compound of the invention, a label, and apparatus for administration of the inhibitor.
• the present invention also provides processes from making mTOR inhibitors and intermediates thereof.
• C 2-4 alkenyl refers to a straight or branched alkenyl chain having from two to four carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, and includes ethylene, propylene, iso-propylene, butylene, iso-butylene, sec-butylene, and the like.
• optionally substituted C 2-4 alkenyl refers to a C 2-4 alkenyl optionally having from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amide, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, oxo, optionally substituted C 1-10 heteroaryl, and optionally substituted phenyl.
• C 1-4 alkyl refers to a straight or branched alkyl chain having from one to four carbon atoms.
• optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl refers to a C 1-4 alkyl optionally having from 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 2-4 alkenyl, optionally substituted C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 thioalkoxy, C 1-9 amide, C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, C 1-8 sulfonyl, cyano, optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkoxy, halo, hydroxy, nitro, oxo, optionally substituted C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 1-10 heteroaryl, and optionally substituted phenyl.
• C 1-4 alkyl refers to a C 1-4 alkyl optionally having from 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amide, C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted on any ring nitrogen by C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 heteroaryl, and optionally substituted phenyl.
• C 1-6 alkyl refers to a straight or branched alkyl chain having from one to six carbon atoms.
• optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl refers to a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having from 1 to 7 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 0-8 alkylamino, C 2-4 alkenyl, optionally substituted C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 thioalkoxy, C 1-9 amide, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, C 1-8 sulfonyl, cyano, optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, oxo, optionally substituted C 1-10 heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 1-10 heteroaryl, and optionally substituted phenyl.
• C 1-6 alkyl refers to a C 1-6 alkyl optionally having from 1 to 7 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amide, C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted on any ring nitrogen by C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 heteroaryl, and optionally substituted phenyl.
• C 1 -C 3 alkylenyl refers to a C 1 -C 3 alkylene having an attachment at each end and consists of -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, and -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -.
• C 1 -C 3 alkylenyl refers to a C 1 -C 3 alkylene optionally having from 1 to 2 C 1-6 alkyl groups.
• C 1-8 sulfonyl refers to a sulfonyl linked to a C 1-6 alkyl group, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted phenyl.
• C 1-4 alkoxy refers to a C 1-4 alkyl attached through an oxygen atom.
• optionally substituted C 1-4 alkoxy refers to a C 1-4 alkoxy optionally having from 1 to 6 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 2-4 alkenyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amide, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-10 heteroaryl, and optionally substituted phenyl.
• optional substituent is C 1-4 alkoxy, cyano, halo, or hydroxy then the substituent is generally not alpha to the alkoxy attachment point, the term "optionally substituted C 1-4 alkoxy" includes stable moieties and specifically includes trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and fluoromethoxy.
• C 1-4 alkoxy refers to a C 1-4 alkoxy optionally having from 1 to 6 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkoxy, cyano, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, and phenyl.
• C 2-4 alkynyl refers to a straight or branched alkynyl chain having from two to six carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
• optionally substituted C 2-4 alkynyl refers to a C 2-6 alkynyl optionally having from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amide, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, oxo, optionally substituted C 1-10 heteroaryl, and optionally substituted phenyl.
• C 1-9 amide refers to an amide having two groups independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, and optionally substituted phenyl, for example, -CONH 2 , -CONHCH 3 , and -CON(CH 3 ) 2 .
• C 1-7 amido refers to a -NHC(O)R group in which R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, and optionally substituted phenyl.
• C 1-5 carbamoyl refers to an O- or N-linked carbamate having a terminal C 1-4 alkyl.
• C 1-5 ureido refers to a urea optionally having a C 1-4 alkyl.
• C 0-8 alkylamino refers to an amino optionally having one or two C 1-4 alkyl.
• C 4-14 aryl refers to a monocyclic and polycyclic unsaturated, conjugated hydrocarbon having aromatic character and having four to fourteen carbon atoms, and includes phenyl, biphenyl, indenyl, cyclopentyldienyl, fluorenyl, and naphthyl.
• C 4-14 aryl refers to phenyl
• C 4-14 aryl refers to a C 4-14 aryl optionally having 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-7 amido, C 1-9 amide, C 1-5 carbamoyl, C 1-6 sulfonylamido, C 0-6 sulfonylamino,C 1-5 ureido, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and C 1-8 sulfonyl.
• C 4-14 aryl refers to a C 4-14 aryl optionally having 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, cyano, halo, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy.
• C 4-14 aryloxy refers to a C 4-14 aryl attached through an oxygen atom.
• optionally substituted C 4-14 aryloxy refers to a C 4-14 aryloxy optionally having 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, C 1-8 sulfonyl, and trifluoromethyl.
• C 1-5 oxycarbonyl refers to an oxycarbonyl group (-CO 2 H) and C 1-4 alkyl ester thereof.
• C 1-5 carbonyloxy refers to a carbonyloxy group (-O 2 CR), for example acetoxy.
• C 3-8 cycloalkyl refers to an alkyl ring having from three to eight carbon atoms, and includes cyclopropyl, 2-methyl cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like.
• optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl refers to a C 3-8 cycloalkyl optionally having from 1 to 6 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, optionally substituted C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amide, C 1-7 amido, C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkoxy, halo, hydroxy, nitro, oxo, optionally substituted C 1-10 heteroaryl, and optionally substituted phenyl.
• C 3-8 cycloalkyl refers to a C 3-8 cycloalkyl optionally having from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 , alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy.
• C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-4 alkyl refers to a C 1-4 alkyl substituted by a C 3-8 cycloalkyl. It is understood that the C 3-8 cycloalkyl can be attached in any manner, including pendant, fused, or spiro.
• C 3-8 cycloalkoxy refers to a C 3-8 cycloalkyl attached through an oxygen atom.
• halogen and halo refers to a chloro, fluoro, bromo or iodo atom.
• C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl refers to a 4 to 10 membered monocyclic saturated or partially (but not fully) unsaturated ring having one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. It is understood that where sulfur is included that the sulfur may be either -S-, -SO-, and -SO 2 -.
• the term includes azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, oxetane, dioxolane, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, dioxidotetrahydrothiopyran, tetrahydrofuran, hexahydropyrimidine, tetrahydropyrimidine, dihydroimidazole, and the like. It is understood that a C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl can be attached as a substituent through a ring carbon or a ring nitrogen atom.
• C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, oxetane, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, dioxidotetrahydrothiopyran, and tetrahydrofuran.
• optionally substituted C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl refers to a C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted on the ring carbons with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, optionally substituted C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amide, C 1-7 amido, C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkoxy, halo, hydroxy, nitro, oxo, and optionally substituted phenyl; and optionally substituted on any ring nitrogen with a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 1-10 heteroaryl, and optionally substituted pheny
• C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl refers to a C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted on the ring carbons with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy and optionally substituted on any ring nitrogen with a C 1-4 alkyl.
• C 1-10 heteroaryl refers to a five to twelve membered monocyclic and polycyclic having unsaturated, conjugated ring(s) having aromatic character and having one to ten carbon atoms and one or more, typically one to four, heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
• the term includes azepine, diazepine, furan, thiophene, pyrrole, imidazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, oxazole, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyridazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazole, thiadiazole, triazole, tetrazole, benzazepine, benzodiazepine, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzimidazole, imidazopyridine, pyrazolopyridine, pyrrolopyridine, quinazoline, thienopyridine, indolizine, imidazopyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, isoindole, benzoxazole, benzoxadiazole, benzopyrazole, benzothiazole, and the like.
• a C 1-10 heteroaryl can be attached as a substituent through a ring carbon or a ring nitrogen atom where such an attachment mode is available, for example for an indole, imidazole, azepine, triazole, pyrazine, etc.
• C 1-10 heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of furan, thiophene, pyrrole, imidazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, oxazole, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyridazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazole, thiadiazole, and triazole.
• optionally substituted C 1-10 heteroaryl refers to a C 1-10 heteroaryl optionally having 1 to 5 substituents on carbon independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-7 amido, C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-9 amide, C 1-5 carbamoyl, C 1-6 sulfonylamido, C 0-6 sulfonylamino,C 1-5 ureido, optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted C 1-4 alkoxy, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, oxo, nitro, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, and C 1-8 sulfonyl and optionally having a substituent on each nitrogen independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-8 sulfonyl, optionally substituted C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted phenyl.
• C 1-10 heteroaryl refers to a C 1-10 heteroaryl optionally having 1 to 5 substituents on carbon independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-7 amido, C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-9 amide, C 1-5 carbamoyl, C 1-6 sulfonylamido, C 0-6 sulfonylamino,C 1-5 ureido, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, oxo, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and C 1-8 sulfonyl and optionally having a substituent on each nitrogen a C 1-4 alkyl.
• C 1-10 heteroaryl refers to a C 1-10 heteroaryl optionally having 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, cyano, halo, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy.
• oxo refers to an oxygen atom having a double bond to the carbon to which it is attached to form the carbonyl of a ketone or aldehyde. It is understood that as the term is used herein oxo refers to doubly bonded oxygen attached to the group which has the oxo substituent, as opposed to the oxo group being pendant as a formyl group.
• an acetyl radical is contemplated as an oxo substituted alkyl group and a pryidone radical is contemplated as an oxo substituted C 1-10 heteroaryl.
• C 1-10 heteroaryloxy refers to a C 1-10 heteroaryl attached through an oxygen.
• optionally substituted C 1-10 heteroaryloxy refers to a C 1-10 heteroaryl optionally having 1 to 5 substituents on carbon independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, oxo, C 1-8 sulfonyl, and trifluoromethyl and optionally having substituents on each nitrogen independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-8 sulfonyl, and optionally substituted phenyl.
• phenyl refers to a phenyl group optionally having 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 2-4 alkenyl, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amide, C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, C 1-8 sulfonyl, and trifluoromethyl.
• optionally substituted phenyl refers to a phenyl group optionally having 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amide, C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, and trifluoromethyl.
• C 1-6 sulfonylamido refers to a -NHS(O) 2 -R group wherein R is C 1-6 alkyl.
• C 0-6 sulfonylamino refers to a -S(O) 2 NH-R group wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and is C 1-6 alkyl.
• C 1-4 thioalkoxy refers to a C 1-4 alkyl attached through a sulfur atom.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to salts of pharmaceutically acceptable organic acids and bases or inorganic acids and bases. Such salts are well known in the art and include those described in Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 66, 2-19 (1977 ). Examples are the hydrochloride and mesylate salts.
• substituted refers to one or more hydrogen radicals of a group having been replaced with non-hydrogen radicals (substituent(s)). It is understood that the substituents may be either the same or different at every substituted position and may include the formation of rings. Combinations of groups and substituents envisioned by this invention are those that are stable or chemically feasible.
• stable refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production.
• a stable compound or chemically feasible compound is one that is not substantially altered when kept at a temperature of 40°C or less, in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive conditions, for about a week.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a) and (b) wherein Ar is phenyl.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a) and (b) wherein Ar is C 1-10 heteroaryl.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a) and (b) wherein Ar is C 1-10 heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of furan, thiophene, imidazole, oxazole, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, and thiazole.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) wherein G 1 is N.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) wherein G 1 is CR 7 .
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) wherein G 1 is CR 7 and R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 0-8 alkylamino, C 1-7 amido, C 1-9 amide, C 1-5 carbamoyl, C 1-5 ureido, cyano, and hydroxyl.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) wherein G 1 is CR 7 and R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano, and hydroxyl.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), and (j) wherein G 2 is CH 2 .
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl.
• R 3 is C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, and C 3-6 heterocycloallcyl selected from the group consisting of piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, oxetane, tetrahydropyran, and tetrahydrofuran optionally substituted on any ring nitrogen by C 1-4 alkyl.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), and (1) wherein R 3 is C 1-6 alkyl.
• R 3 is C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl selected from the group consisting of piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, oxetane, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, dioxidotetrahydrothiopyran, and tetrahydrofuran and optionally substituted on any ring nitrogen by C 1-4 alkyl.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (1), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), and (r) wherein R 2 is hydrogen.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (1), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), and (s) wherein R 5 C 1-6 alkyl and R 6 is hydrogen.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), and (s) wherein R 5 is hydrogen and R 6 is C 1-6 alkyl.
• Another embodiment relate to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), and (s) wherein R 5 methyl and R 6 is hydrogen.
• Another embodiment relate to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), and (s) wherein R 5 is hydrogen and R 6 is methyl.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), and (s) wherein R 5 is hydrogen and R 6 is hydrogen.
• R 1 is, each time taken, independently selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, C 1-6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, trifluoromethoxy, nitro, -NHC(O)NR 8 R 9 , -NHC(O)OR 10 , and -NH(SO 2 )NHR 8 .
• FIG. 1 Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s), (t), (u), (v), (w), (x), (y), and (z) wherein m is at least 1 and at least one of R 1 is selected from the group consisting of -NHC(O)NR 8 R 9 , -NHC(O)OR 10 , and -NH(SO 2 )NHR 8 .
• FIG. 1 Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s), (t), (u), (v), (w), (x), (y), and (z) wherein m is at least 1 and at least one of R 1 is -NHC(O)NR 8 R 9 and R 8 is hydrogen and R 9 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-4 alkyl, and C 3-8 cycloalkyl.
• (cc) Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s), (t), (u), (v), (w), and (x) wherein m is at least 1 and at least one of R 1 is -NHC(O)NR 8 R 9 and R 8 is hydrogen and R 9 is C 1-4 alkyl.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s), (t), (u), (v), (w), (x), (y), and (z) wherein m is at least 1 and at least one of R 1 is -NHC(O)NR 8 R 9 and R 8 is hydrogen and R 9 is C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-4 alkyl.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s), (t), (u), (v), (w), (x), (y), and (z) wherein m is at least 1 and at least one of R 1 is -NHC(O)NR 8 R 9 and R 8 is hydrogen and R 9 is C 3-8 cycloalkyl.
• (ff) Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s), (t), (u), (v), (w), (x), (y), and (z) wherein m is at least 1 and at least one of R 1 is selected from the group consisting of -NHC(O)NR 8 R 9 and R 8 is hydrogen and R 9 is selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl.
• FIG. 1 Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s), (t), (u), (v), (w), (x), (y), and (z) wherein m is at least 1 and at least one of R 1 is selected from the group consisting of -NHC(O)NR 8 R 9 and R 8 is hydrogen and R 9 is C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-4 alkyl selected from the group consisting of methylcyclopropyl, methylcyclobutyl, and methylcyclopentyl.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s), (t), (u), (v), (w), (x), (y), and (z) wherein m is at least 1 and at least one of R 1 is selected from the group consisting of -NHC(O)NR 8 R 9 and R 8 is hydrogen and R 9 is C 3-8 cycloalkyl selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclopentyl.
• Another embodiment relates to compounds of formula I and embodiments (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s), (t), (u), (v), (w), (x), (y), (z), (aa), (bb), (cc), (dd), (ee), (ff), (gg), and (hh) wherein m is 1.
• the compounds of the invention can be prepared by a variety of procedures, some of which are described below. All substituents, unless otherwise indicated, are as previously defined.
• the products of each step can be recovered by conventional methods including extraction, evaporation, precipitation, chromatography, filtration, trituration, crystallization, and the like.
• the procedures may require protection of certain groups, for example hydroxy, amino, or carboxy groups to minimize unwanted reactions.
• the selection, use, and removal of protecting groups are well known and appreciated as standard practice, for example T.W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry (John Wiley and Sons, 1991 ).
• step 1a depicts the reaction of an appropriate compound of formula (a) with an appropriate compound of formula (b) to give a compound of formula (c).
• An appropriate compound of formula (a) is one in which G 1 is as desired in the final compound of formula I, R 2 is as desired in the final compound of formula I, R 3' is a protecting group or R 3 as desired in the final compound of formula I or gives rise to R 3 as desired in the final compound of formula I, and X and X 1 are leaving groups, including halogens, particularly as chloro and bromo.
• An appropriate compound of formula (b) is one in which R is hydrogen or forms and ester, such as a C 1-4 alkyl, R 5 and R 6 are as desired in the final compound of formula I, and R 4' is hydrogen or R 4 as desired in the final compound of formula I.
• Such reactions are well understood and appreciated.
• a reaction is generally carried out in a solvent, such as DMSO, THF, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and the like.
• the reaction is carried out with the use of a suitable base, such as alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide, and alkali metal alkoxides, such as sodium alkoxides and potassium alkoxides, alkali metal carbonates, such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate and amine bases, such diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), triethylamine, pyridine, and the like.
• DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
• the reaction is typically carried out at temperatures of from 0°C to 100°C.
• the reaction typically requires 1 to 72 hours.
• Scheme A, step 1b depicts the reaction of an appropriate compound of formula (g) with an appropriate compound of formula (b) to give a compound of formula (i).
• An appropriate compound of formula (g) is one in which G 1 is as desired in the final compound of formula I and X and X 1 are leaving groups, including halogens, particularly as chloro and bromo.
• An appropriate compound of formula (b) is as described in Scheme A, step 1a. Such reactions are well understood and appreciated and are carried out, for example as described above in Scheme A, stepla.
• step 2b depicts the reduction of the nitro group of a compound of formula (i) and cyclization to give a compound of formula (c) in which R 3' is hydrogen.
• reduction reactions are well known in the art.
• cyclization reactions are also well known in the art.
• Scheme A, step 1c depicts the reaction of an appropriate compound of formula (m) with an appropriate compound of formula (a) to give a compound of formula (n).
• An appropriate compound of formula (m) is one in which Pg 1 is a protecting group, R 5 and R 6 are as desired in the final compound of formula I, and R 4' is hydrogen or R 4 as desired in the final compound of formula I.
• An appropriate compound of formula (a) is as described in Scheme A, step 1a. Such amide forming reactions are well understood and appreciated.
• Scheme a, step 2c depicts the deprotection and cyclization of a compound of formula (n) to give a compound of formula (c).
• the use and removal of suitable protecting groups is well known and appreciated in the art. Cyclization reactions are also well known and also described in Scheme A, step 1a. Once obtained a compound of formula (c) can be elaborated as further described in Scheme A.
• step 3 depicts the reaction of a compound of formula (c) in which R 3' is hydrogen with an appropriate alkylating reagent to give a compound of formula (d).
• An appropriate alkylating reagent is one of the formula R 3 -X 3 where R 3 is as desired in the final compound of formula I and X 3 is a suitable leaving group, for example a halogen, particularly chloro, bromo, or iodo, or a sulfonate, for example trifluoromethanesulfonate, toslylate, or nosylate.
• such a reaction is generally carried out in a solvent, such as DMSO, THF, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, pyridine, and the like.
• a suitable base such as alkali metal alkoxides, such as sodium alkoxides, alkali metal carbonates, such as potassium carbonate, and stronger bases such as lithium diisopropylamide and lithium hexamethyldisilazide, and the like.
• the reaction is typically carried out at temperatures of from 0°C to 100°C. The reaction typically requires 1 to 72 hours.
• steps 4 depicts the reaction of a compound of formula (c) in which R 3' is a protecting group and R 4' is hydrogen or a compound of formula (d) in which R 4' is hydrogen and R 3 is as desired in the final product of formula I to give a compound of formula (e).
• Appropriate reagents are methyl halides, such as methyl iodide, dimethyl sulfate, methyl sulfonates and trifluoromethyl transfer reagents. It is understood that compounds of formula (e) in which R 3 is hydrogen can be readily prepared by the method of step 3 by the use protecting groups which can be removed after step 4, 5, or 6.
• such reactions are generally carried out in a suitable solvent such as DMSO, DMF, THF and the like and may be carried out using a suitable base, such as alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide, and alkali metal alkoxides, such as sodium alkoxides, and the like.
• a suitable solvent such as DMSO, DMF, THF and the like
• alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide
• alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium alkoxides, and the like.
• the reaction typically is carried out at temperatures of from -20°C to 20°C and require about 1 hour to 3 days.
• steps 5 depicts the reduction of amides (c) in which R 3 is hydrogen or amides (e) to give an amine for formula (f).
• Such reactions are well known and can be carried out using lithium aluminum hydride, catalytic hydrogenation, and borane reagents as is well known in the art.
• Suitable compounds of formula (c) or (e) are those in which R 4' is R 4 as desired in the final compound of formula I.
• a compound of formula (f) in which R 3 is hydrogen in a step not shown, can be alkylated to give a compound of formula (f) in which R 3 is not hydrogen.
• alkylations can be accomplished by the use of alkylating agents or by reductive amination.
• alkylations of such an amine are carried out with an appropriate alkylating reagent.
• An appropriate alkylating reagent is one of the formula R 3 -X 2 where R 3 is as desired in the final compound of formula I and X 2 is a suitable leaving group, such as a halogen, particularly chlorine, bromine or iodine, or a sulfonate, such as methanesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate.
• Such reactions are generally carried out in a solvent, such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, DMSO, or acetonitrile and with a base, such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, triethylamine, or diisopropyethylamine.
• a solvent such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, DMSO, or acetonitrile
• a base such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, triethylamine, or diisopropyethylamine.
• Such reactions generally are carried out at a temperature of from room temperature to the reflux temperature of the chosen solvent and typically require 1 hour to 2 days.
• reductive alkylations are carried out using a ketone or aldehyde which gives rise to R 3 as desired in the final compound of formula I.
• reductive aminations are carried out under a variety of conditions using reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, zinc/hydrochloric acid, zinc borohydride, and the like.
• sodium cyanoborohydride the reaction is carried out in a solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and water or mixtures thereof.
• the reaction is carried out at temperatures of from about 0 °C to about 60 °C and typically require from about 1 to about 24 hours.
• such reductive amination can be carried out by hydrogenation over a catalyst.
• catalysts are suitable for this purpose, including palladium, platinum, and nickel catalysts.
• Such hydrogenations are carried out in a suitable solvent such as ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, and the like and are carried out at pressure ranging from atmospheric to about 300 psi (2068 kPascals) and temperatures of from room temperature to about 100 °C.
• steps 6 depicts the reaction of a compound of formula (e) or (f) with an appropriate -Ar(R1)m transfer reagent to give compound of formula I.
• An appropriate - Ar(R 1 ) m transfer reagent is one in which Ar, R 1 , and m are as desired in the formula I or R 1 give rise to a group as desired in the final compound of formula I.
• Such reactions are well known and include metal catalyzed carbon-carbon bond forming reactions such as the Suzuki coupling.
• a compound of formula (a) can undergo step 6 to provide a compound of formula (a) in which X is -Ar(R 1 ) m which is further elaborated to give a compound of formula I or a compound of formula (n) is reduced and then cyclized to give a compound of formula (f) directly.
• step 1 depicts the protection of an appropriate compound of formula (o) to give a compound of formula (p).
• An appropriate compound of formula (o) is one in which R 4 is as desired in the final compound of formula I.
• Pg 1 is a suitable protecting group, generally an amide or carbamate protecting group, including benzamine, acetamide, t-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, and the like. The use of protecting groups is well understood and appreciated.
• step 2 depicts the reaction of a compound of formula (p) with an appropriate cyclizing reagent to give a compound of formula (q).
• appropriate cyclizing reagent include chloroacetyl chloride.
• Such cyclization reactions can be used to give a compound of formula (r) directly by using cyclization reagents such as dibromoethane to give a compound of formula (r) directly.
• steps 3 depicts the reduction of an amide of a compound of formula (q) to give a compound of formula (r).
• the reduction of amides to giver amines is well known in the art.
• Such reactions are well known and can be carried out using lithium aluminum hydride, catalytic hydrogenation, and borane reagents as is well known in the art.
• Example: 1 1-(4-(5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-6a-methyl-6-oxo-5,6,6a,7,9,10-hexahydro-[1,4]oxazino[3,4-h]pteridin-2-yl)phenyl)-3-methylurea.
• a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer was added 2,4-dichloropyrimidin-5-amine (1.89 g, 11.52 mmol), DIPEA (8.05 ml, 46.1 mmol), morpholine-3-carboxylic acid (1.66g, 12.68 mmol), and DMSO (5ml). The reaction was stirred at 100° C overnight.
• the reaction was irradiated in the microwave at 100° C for 40min.
• the reaction solution was then poured into water, extracted with ethyl acetate three times and the combined organic layers were washed with water and then brine, then dried with Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and the filtrate concentrated in-vacuo to give a brown residue.
• the aqueous layer was acidified with AcOH (pH about 5) and concentrated in-vacuo to give a grey residue.
• the reaction was irradiated in the microwave at 110° C for 70min.
• the reaction solution was poured into water, extracted with ethyl acetate 3 times and the organic layers washed with saturated NaCl, dried with Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in-vacuo to give a residue.
• the residue was purified via preparative LC/MS eluted with 25% of acetonitrile (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) on a Phenomenex Gemini 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column) to give the title compound (6 mg, 0.014 mmol, 3.13 % yield) as a tan solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1, except the title compound was purified preparative HPLC eluting with a gradient of 25-30% acetonitrile (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column to afford (12mg, 8.49%) of a pale yellow solid.
• the racemate of the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1.
• the racemate of the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with a gradient of 25-25% ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column).
• the racemate was then chirally separated on ChiralPak AD-H (5 ⁇ m, 20X250 mm, 40% of MeOH:nPrOH (2:1) in liquid CO 2 ) to give the title compounds.
• the reaction mixture was cooled in an ice-water bath and more iodomethane (0.378 mL) was added, followed by more sodium tert -butoxide (582 mg).
• the mixture was warmed up to room temperature and stirred for 55 minutes, then sealed and heated at 50 °C (bath temperature) for 1 hour.
• the reaction was cooled to room temperature and additional iodomethane (3 mL) was added, then sealed and heated at 50 °C (bath temperature) for another 27 minutes then cooled in an ice-water bath and more sodium tert -butoxide (582 mg) was added.
• the mixture was then warmed up to room temperature and stirred for 75 minutes.
• the reaction mixture was then diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc.
• reaction mixture was diluted with 2 mL of methanol, filtered then purified by mass-triggered preparative HPLC eluted with 20-30% of ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) on a Phenomenex Gemini 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column to give the title compound (36 mg) as a pale yellow solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1 using 3 3-(bromomethyl)-3-methyloxetane as reactant in the alkylation and was purified by HPLC using mass-triggered preparative HPLC (eluted with 25-30% of ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) on a Phenomenex Gemini 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). The title compound was taken to the next step without isolation.
• Example 12 The product of Example 12 was purified by HPLC using mass-triggered preparative HPLC (eluted with 25-30% of ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) on a Phenomenex Gemini 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). Oxetane containing fractions were collected and the solvent reduced and were repurified by HPLC under the same conditions. Fractions containing the title compound were evaporated in vacuo to give a residue which was dissolved in methanol for transfer then the solvent removed under a stream of nitrogen to give the title compound (39 mg).
• reaction was purified by mass-triggered preparative HPLC 20-60% of ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) on a Phenomenex Gemini 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column)) to give 20 mg of 2,4-dichloro-5-methyl-6a,7,9,10-tetrahydro-[1,4]oxazino[3,4-h]pteridin-6(5H)-one as a tan solid.
• the suspension was heated by microwave irradiation at 100 °C for 30 minutes. After filtration, the solution was purified by mass-triggered preparative HPLC eluted with 20-25% of ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) on a Phenomenex Gemini 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column) to give the title compound (5.3 mg 17 % yield) as a pale yellow solid.
• Morpholine-3-carboxylic acid (10 g, 76 mmol) was dissolved in water (50ml) and cooled to 5°C.
• a solution of 50% sodium hydroxide (6.10 g, 76 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was cooled back to 5 °C.
• An additional portion of 50% sodium hydroxide (7.93g, 99 mmol) was then diluted to 22mL with water and added to an addition funnel.
• Benzyl chloroformate (65.3 ml, 458 mmol) was added to a separate addition funnel and the two reagents were simultaneously added dropwise over about 30 minutes while maintaining the reaction temperature below 10°C.
• the pH of the mixture was about 6 when the addition was completed.
• Methyl 3-methylmorpholine-3-carboxylate (4.21 g, 26.4 mmol) was dissolved in THF (60 ml) to form a clear solution.
• 2,4-Dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine (5.13 g, 26.4 mmol) was added and the solution was cooled to -10°C.
• Diisopropylethylamine (6.93 ml, 39.7 mmol) was added while the temperature was maintained at -8 to -10°C. The reaction was stirred for 4 hours at 0°C and for 16 hours at room temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. EtOAc (120ml)) was added and the mixture was washed with water (3 x 30ml).
• Methyl4-(2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidin-4-yl)-3-methylmorpholine-3-carboxylate (crude material, 8.4 g, about 20 mmol) and vanadyl actylacetonate (0.7g, 2.64mmol) were mixed in THF (80 ml) .
• the reaction mixture was hydrogenated under one atmosphere of hydrogen at 35°C for 18 hours. The starting material was consumed.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. MeOH (10 ml) was added to reaction mixture and stirred for 10 minutes. The mixture was filtered through a Celite® pad.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1, except the title compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluting with 2 to 5 % gradient of MeOH in Chloroform) to afford the title compound as a off white solid (15 mg, 17 % yield).: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d 6 ) ⁇ ppm 1.27 (s, 3.
• a microwave vial equipped with a magnetic stirrer was added 2-chloro-5-cyclopropyl-6a-methyl-6a,7,9,10-tetrahydro-[1,4]oxazino[3,4-h]pteridin-6(5H)-one (100mg, 0.339 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (2 ml), 1-methyl-3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)urea (141 mg, 0.509 mmol), NaHCO 3 (585 ⁇ l), followed by PdCl 2 (dppf) (12.41 mg, 0.017 mmol).
• the reaction was irradiated in the microwave at 100° C for 40min. Upon completion the reaction solution was poured into water and the precipitate filtered. The collected solid was successively washed with water and small amount of ethanol and dried in-vacuo to obtain a solid. This solid was further purified by silica gel chromatography (2 to 5% gradient of MeOH in chloroform). The fractions were collected and concentrated in-vacuo to afford the title compound (27 mg, 0.066 mmol, 19.48 % yield) as a white solid.
• NaBH 4 (675 mg, 17.9mmol) was added in two portions over 10 minutes Cooling bath was removed and the thick slurry was stirred at room temperature for 40 minutes and addition NaBH 4 (659 mg, 17.4 mmol) was added and stirred at 0 °C for 40 minutes Benzaldehyde (10 mL, 99 mmol) was added, cooled to 0 °C and additional NaBH 4 (700 mg, 18.5mmol) was added. After 5 minutes warmed up to room temperature and stirred for 2 hour.
• the reaction was irradiated in the microwave at 100° C for 40 minutes.
• the reaction solution was poured into saturated NaCl and extracted with ethyl acetate three times.
• the organic layers were collected, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated in-vacuo to give a brown residue.
• the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with 20-30% ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column to afford the title compound (6.8 mg, 0.016 mmol, 5.13 % yield) as a light brown solid.
• the filtrate was acidified with concentrated HCl (0.1 mL) to pH ⁇ 7 and then purified on the HPLC (20-20% of AcCN [containing 0.035% TFA] in water [containing 0.05% TFA], Phenomenex Gemini 5 ⁇ m C 18, 75 X 30 mm column) to give 2-methyl-2-(6a-methyl-2-(4-(3-methylureido)phenyl)-6-oxo-6a,7,9,10-tetrahydro-[1,4]oxazino[3,4-h]pteridin-5(6H)-yl)propanoic acid as a clear semisolid (10.2 mg).
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1, except the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with 20-30% ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). The clean fractions were combined and using solid NaHCO 3 adjusted the solution pH > 8.0. The product was extracted with ethyl acetate 3 times and the combined organic layer was washed with saturated NaCl. The organic layer was dried with Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in-vacuo to give the title compound (18.9 mg, 37.8% yield) as a white solid.
• the suspension was heated by microwave irradiation at 100°C for 45 minutes.
• the reaction mixture was filtered via syringe filter and purified the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with 20-30% ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column. Product containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo to remove about 1/2 of the total volume and allowed t and let sit at room temperate.
• the suspension was heated by microwave irradiation at 100°C for 1h.
• the reaction mixture was cooled and purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with 15-25% ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). The clean fractions were combined, concentrated in vacuo and lyophilized, affording the title compound (10.0 mg, 28.7% yield) as a white solid.
• the suspension was heated by microwave irradiation at 100°C for 1hour, then heated by microwave irradiation at 120°C for an additional 30 minutes.
• the reaction was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with 20-30% ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). Product containing fractions were combined, concentrated in vacuo and lyophilized, affording the title compound (41.4 mg, 67.4% yield) as an off-white solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1, except the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with 30-35% ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). The clean fractions were combined, concentrated in vacuo and lyophilized, affording the title compound (9.4 mg, 2.3% yield) as a light yellow solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 25. After the microwave irradiation the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with 15-20% ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). The clean fractions were combined, concentrated in vacuo and lyophilized, affording the title compound (5.5 mg, 27.2% yield) as a pale yellow solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 25. After the microwave irradiation the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with 23-25% ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). The clean fractions were combined, concentrated in vacuo and lyophilized, affording the title compound (34.4 mg, 24% yield) as a light yellow solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 25. After the microwave irradiation the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with 20-30% ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). The product containing fractions were combined, concentrated in vacuo and lyophilized, affording the title compound (41.4 mg, 67.4% yield) as a white solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 25. After the microwave irradiation the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with 23-30% ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). The product containing fractions were combined, concentrated in vacuo and lyophilized, affording the title compound (64.3 mg, 32.5% yield) as a pale yellow solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1, except the title compound was chromatographed by silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol, 80:20:0 to 0:100:0 to 0:17:3) and then this resulting solid was triturated with EtOAc/hexane (1:1), collected by filtration and dried to afford the title compound (67.2 mg, 0.153 mmol, 63 % yield) as a beige solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1, except the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with a gradient of 15-40% ACN (containing 0.035%TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column) to afford the title compound (22.5 mg, 0.053 mmol, 37 % yield) as a white solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1, except the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with a gradient of 20-45% ACN (containing 0.035%TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column) to afford the title compound (40.8 mg, 0.090 mmol, 49.3 % yield) as a white solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1, except the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with a gradient of 20-45% ACN (containing 0.035%TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column) to afford the title compound (37.1 mg, 0.080 mmol, 43 % yield) as an off-white solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1, except the title compound was purified by preprative HPLC (eluting with a gradient of 15-40% ACN (containing 0.035%TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column) to afford the title compound (43.9 mg, 0.100 mmol, 52.4 % yield) as an off white solid.
• the filtrate was purified by preprative HPLC (eluting with a gradient of 20-20% ACN (containing 0.035%TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). The fractions containing the desired product were combined and were evaporated under reduced pressure. Then NaHCO 3 aqueous solution was added (in order to adjust the pH to basic) and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford a crude solid.
• the filtrate was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with a gradient of 15-40% ACN (containing 0.035%TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). The fractions containing the desired product were combined and were evaporated under reduced pressure. Then NaHCO 3 aqueous solution was added (in order to adjust the pH to basic) and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (6.2 mg, 0.012 mmol, 70 % yield) as a white solid.
• the title compound was prepared by method similar to Example 1 using 3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonate, except the title compound was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with a gradient of 15-40% ACN (containing 0.035%TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column) to afford the title compound (38.9 mg, 0.076 mmol, 32 % yield) as a white solid.
• the filtrate was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with a gradient of 20-45% ACN (containing 0.035%TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). The fractions containing the desired product were combined and were evaporated under reduced pressure. Then NaHCO 3 aqueous solution was added (in order to adjust the pH to basic) and extracted with EtOAc (THF was added to dissolve the precipitate). The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (164 mg, 0.347 mmol, 44 % yield) as an off-white solid.
• the filtrate was purified by preparative HPLC (eluting with a gradient of 25-50% ACN (containing 0.035%TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) using a Sunfire Prep 5 ⁇ m C 18, 75 X 30 mm column). The fractions containing the desired product were combined and were evaporated under reduced pressure. Then NaHCO 3 aqueous solution was added (in order to adjust the pH to basic) and extracted with EtOAc (THF was added to dissolve the precipitate). The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (206 mg, 0.432 mmol, 50% yield) as a white solid.
• Example 54 1-cyclopropyl-3-(4-(6a-methyl-6-oxo-5-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl)-5,6,6a,7,9,10-hexahydro-[1,4]oxazino[3,4-h]pteridin-2-yl)phenyl)urea
• the suspension was heated by microwave irradiation at 100°C for 30 minutes, the reaction was filtered, cooled, and purified by mass-triggered preparative HPLC using 22-25 % ACN (containing 0.035% TFA) in water (containing 0.05% TFA) on a Phenomenex Gemini 5 ⁇ m C18, 75 X 30 mm column). Product containing fractions were evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was dissolved in methanol for transfer. The solvent was removed under a stream of nitrogen gas to give 85mg of the title compound as a pale yellow solid.
• the organic layer was extracted with 1 M HCl (3 mL), 5% sodium carbonate (3 mL), brine (3 mL), and then water (3 mL).
• the organic layer was diluted with another 10 mL MTBE and extracted three times with 1 M NaOH (5 mL) and then water (5 mL).
• the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated on a rotovap, and dried under vacuum to give 2,2-difluoropropyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate (526 mg) as a pale yellow solid.
• reaction mixture was heated in a 50 °C oil bath and then 1,1-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene palladium dichloride (38 mg) was added.
• the reaction mixture was then placed in an 80 °C oil bath. After about 1 hour the oil bath was reduced to 74 °C. After about 4 hours some solvent had evaporated, 6 mL de-gassed methyltetrahydrofuran was added and decreased the oil bath temperature to 70 °C. After about 6 hours, solvent had again evaporated, 6 mL de-gassed methyltetrahydrofuran was added.
• 1,1-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene palladium dichloride 9 mg was added and heating continued at 70 °C for 3 hours, then cooled to room temperature and allowed to stir overnight.
• the reaction mixture was then diluted with 4 mL 1:1 methyltetrahydrofuran/water, stir for 15 minutes, the solids were collected by filtration, the filter cake washed with 2 X 3 mL portions of 1:5 water/methyltetrahydrofuran, air-dried for 1 hour, then under vacuum for 1 hour to give the title compound.
• the compounds of the invention can be administered alone or in the form of a pharmaceutical composition.
• the compounds of the invention are usually administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions, that is, in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients the proportion and nature of which are determined by the properties of the selected compound of the invention, the chosen route of administration, and standard pharmaceutical practice.
• the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising: a compound of invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• a compound of the invention can be administered in any form and route which makes the compound bioavailable.
• the compounds of the invention can be administered by a variety of routes, including oral and parenteral routes, more particularly by inhalation, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, transdermally, intranasally, rectally, vaginally, occularly, topically, sublingually, and buccally, intraperitoneally, intravenously, intraarterially, transdermally, sublingually, intramuscularly, rectally, transbuccally, intranasally, intraadiposally, intrathecally and via local delivery for example by catheter or stent.
• compositions of the invention may be administered to the patient, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, cachets, papers, lozenges, wafers, elixirs, ointments, transdermal patches, aerosols, inhalants, suppositories, solutions, and suspensions.
• compositions of the present invention are prepared in a manner well known in the pharmaceutical art and include at least one of the compounds of the invention as the active ingredient.
• the amount of a compound of the present invention may be varied depending upon its particular form and may conveniently be between 1% to about 70% of the weight of the unit dosage form.
• pharmaceutically acceptable excipient refers to those typically used in preparing pharmaceutical compositions and should be pharmaceutically pure and non-toxic in the amounts used. They generally are a solid, semi-solid, or liquid material which can serve as a vehicle or medium for the active ingredient.
• compositions include diluents, vehicles, carriers, ointment bases, binders, disintegrates, lubricants, glidants, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, gel bases, sustained release matrices, stabilizing agents, preservatives, solvents, suspending agents, buffers, emulsifiers, dyes, propellants, coating agents, and others.
• the present pharmaceutical compositions are preferably formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage typically containing from about 0.5 mg to about 200 mg of the compounds of the invention.
• unit dosage form refers to a physically discrete unit suitable as a single dosage, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient, by which one or more is used throughout the dosing regimen to produce the desired therapeutic effect.
• the composition is a pharmaceutical composition adapted for oral administration, such as a liquid formulation, for example, a solution or suspension, adapted for oral administration or a tablet or a capsule.
• the pharmaceutical composition is a liquid formulation adapted for parenteral administration.
• the invention relates to methods of treating conditions associated with mTOR, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of the invention.
• the invention relates to a method of inhibiting a mTOR: comprising, contacting the enzyme with a compound of the invention.
• the invention also relates to a method of inhibiting a mTOR: comprising, administering a first compound to a subject that is converted in vivo to a compound of the invention.
• compounds of the invention including the compound of formula I, are provided for use as a medicament.
• the invention also provides the use of compounds of the invention, including the use for the manufacture of a medicament, to treat the conditions associated with mTOR described herein.
• the compounds of the present invention are stable and are relatively safe in their end use.
• the compounds of the present invention are useful as mTOR inhibitors for a variety of subjects (e.g., humans, non-human mammals and non-mammals).
• condition As used herein terms “condition,” “disorder,” and “disease” relate to any unhealthy or abnormal state.
• the term “conditions associated with mTOR” includes disorders and diseases in which the inhibition of mTOR provides a therapeutic benefit, such as cancer, allergy/asthma, diseases and conditions of the immune system, inflammation, disease and conditions of the central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular disease, viral infections, dermatological disease, and diseases and conditions related to uncontrolled angiogenesis, and the like.
• CNS central nervous system
• the treatment of cancer includes treatment of all neoplasia, regardless of their histopathological appearance.
• the cancers that can be treated include, but are not limited to, cancer of blood, including leukemia (including acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia), cancer of the skin, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, bone, liver, lung (including small-cell lung tumor, non small-cell lung cancer and bronchioalveolar cancer), brain, breast, prostate, larynx, gall bladder, pancreas, rectum, bile duct, parathyroid, thyroid, adrenal, neural tissue, bladder, spleen, head and neck, included the jaw, mouth, and nose, colon, stomach, testes, esophagus, uterus, cervix and vulva, colorectal, bronchi, bile
• leukemia including acute
• Benign tumors may also be treated by the mTOR inhibitors of the present invention and include, but are not limited to, hemangiomas, hepatocellular adenoma, cavernous haemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, acoustic neuromas, neurofibroma, bile duct adenoma, bile duct cystanoma, fibroma, lipomas, leiomyomas, mesotheliomas, teratomas, myxomas, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, trachomas, pyogenic granulomas, and the like, and hamartoma conditions such as Koz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS), Cowden disease, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome (BRRS), Proteus syndrome, Lhermitte-Duclos disease and Tuberous Sclerosis (TSC).
• JPS Job-Jeghers Syndrome
• BRRS Bannayan-Ri
• the mTOR inhibitors of the present invention may also be used to treat abnormal cell proliferation due to insults to body tissue during surgery. These insults may arise as a result of a variety of surgical procedures such as joint surgery, bowel surgery, and cheloid scarring. Diseases that produce fibrotic tissue include emphysema. Repetitive motion disorders that may be treated using the present invention include carpal tunnel syndrome.
• the mTOR inhibitors of the invention may also be useful in the prevention of restenosis, that is the control of undesired proliferation of normal cells in the vasculature in response to the introduction of stents in the treatment of vasculature disease.
• Proliferative responses associated with organ transplantation that may be treated using mTOR inhibitors of the invention include proliferative responses contributing to potential organ rejections or associated complications. Specifically, these proliferative responses may occur during transplantation of the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and other body organs or organ systems.
• the mTOR inhibitors of the invention may also be useful the treatment of abnormal angiogenesis including the abnormal angiogenesis accompanying rheumatoid arthritis, ischemic-reperfusion related brain edema and injury, cortical ischemia, ovarian hyperplasia and hypervascularity, (polycystic ovary syndrome), endometriosis, psoriasis, diabetic retinopaphy, and other ocular angiogenic diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity (retrolental fibroplastic), macular degeneration, corneal graft rejection, neuroscular glaucoma, Oster Webber syndrome, retinal/choroidal neuvascularization and corneal neovascularization, Best's disease, myopia, optic pits, Stargart's diseases, Pagets disease, vein occlusion, artery occlusion, sickle cell anemia, sarcoid, syphilis, pseudoxanthoma elasticum carotid abstructive
• the treatment of inflammation include, but are not limited to, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, asthma, allergies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome. and chronic inflammatory diseases associated with uncontrolled angiogenesis, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, sarcoidois, and rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and multisystem granulomatous disorder.
• autoimmune includes, but are not limited to, glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, chronic thyroiditis, Graves' disease, autoimmune gastritis, diabetes, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, atopic dermatitis, chronic active hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, graft vs. host disease, multiple sclerosis, or Sjoegren's syndrome.
• the mTOR inhibitors of the present invention are also useful for treating obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and hyperlipidemia.
• Combination therapies that comprise one or more compounds of the present invention with one or more other therapeutic agents can be used, for example, to: 1) enhance the therapeutic effect(s) of the one or more compounds of the present invention and/or the one or more other therapeutic agents; 2) reduce the side effects exhibited by the one or more compounds of the present invention and/or the one or more other therapeutic agents; and/or 3) reduce the effective dose of the one or more compounds of the present invention and/or the one or more other therapeutic agents. It is noted that combination therapy is intended to cover when agents are administered before or after each other (sequential therapy) as well as when the agents are administered at the same time.
• therapeutic agents that may be used in combination with the present mTOR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, anti-cell proliferation agents, anticancer agents, alkylating agents, antibiotic agents, antimetabolic agents, hormonal agents, plant-derived agents, and biologic agents.
• therapeutic agents that may be used in combination with mTOR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, anti-cell proliferation agents, anticancer agents, alkylating agents, antibiotic agents, antimetabolic agents, hormonal agents, plant-derived agents, and biologic agents.
• Anti-cell proliferation agents useful in combination with the mTOR inhibitors of the present invention include, but are not limited to, retinoid acid and derivatives thereof, 2-methoxyestradiol, ANGIOSTATINTM protein, ENDOSTATINTM protein, suramin, squalamine, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, cartilage-derived inhibitor, paclitaxel, platelet factor 4, protamine sulphate (clupeine), sulphated chitin derivatives (prepared from queen crab shells), sulphated polysaccharide peptidoglycan complex (sp-pg), staurosporine, modulators of matrix metabolism, including for example, proline analogs ((1-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (LACA), cishydroxyproline, d,1-3,4-dehydroproline, thiaproline, beta-amino
• anti-angiogenesis agents include antibodies, preferably monoclonal antibodies against these angiogenic growth factors: bFGF, aFGF, FGF-5, VEGF isoforms, VEGF-C, HGF/SF and Ang-1/Ang-2.
• Inhibitors of MEK, MAPK, or ERK kinases are useful in combination with the compounds of the present invention. Specifically, ( R )-3-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-6-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-8-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,7(3 H ,8 H )-dione useful in combination with the compounds of the present invention.
• Inhibitors of Hedgehog kinase are useful in combination with the compounds of the present invention.
• Proteasome inhibitors, in particular bortezomib is useful in combination with the compounds of the present invention.
• NAE inhibitors, VPS34 inhibitors, Aurora kinase, including Aurora A inhibitors, and EGFR inhibitors both antibodies and kinase inhibitors are useful in combination with the compounds of the present invention.
• Alkylating agents useful in combination with the present mTOR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, bischloroethylamines (nitrogen mustards, e.g. chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, melphalan, uracil mustard), aziridines (e.g. thiotepa), alkyl alkone sulfonates (e.g. busulfan), nitrosoureas (e.g. carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin), nonclassic alkylating agents (altretamine, dacarbazine, and procarbazine), platinum compounds (carboplastin and cisplatin).
• Combination therapy including a mTOR inhibitor and an alkylating agent is expected to have therapeutic synergistic effects in the treatment of cancer and reduce sides affects associated with these chemotherapeutic agents.
• antibiotic agents useful in combination with the present mTOR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and anthracenedione), mitomycin C, bleomycin, dactinomycin, plicatomycin. These antibiotic agents interfere with cell growth by targeting different cellular components.
• anthracyclines e.g. doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and anthracenedione
• mitomycin C e.g. doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and anthracenedione
• mitomycin C e.g. doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and anthracenedione
• mitomycin C e.g. doxorubicin, daunor
• Antimetabolic agents useful in combination with the present mTOR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, fluorouracil (5-FU), floxuridine (5-FUdR), methotrexate, leucovorin, hydroxyurea, thioguanine (6-TG), mercaptopurine (6-MP), cytarabine, pentostatin, fludarabine phosphate, cladribine (2-CDA), asparaginase, and gemcitabine.
• Combination therapy including a mTOR inhibitor and an antimetabolic agent is expected to have therapeutic synergistic effects on cancer and reduce sides affects associated with these chemotherapeutic agents.
• Hormonal agents useful in combination with the present mTOR inhibitors include synthetic estrogens (e.g. diethylstibestrol), antiestrogens (e.g. tamoxifen, toremifene, fluoxymesterol and raloxifene), antiandrogens (bicalutamide, nilutamide, and flutamide), aromatase inhibitors (e.g., aminoglutethimide, anastrozole and tetrazole), ketoconazole, goserelin acetate, leuprolide, megestrol acetate and mifepristone.
• Combination therapy including a mTOR inhibitor and a hormonal agent is expected to have therapeutic synergistic effects on cancer and reduce sides affects associated with these chemotherapeutic agents.
• Plant-derived agents useful in combination with the present mTOR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, vinca alkaloids (e.g. , vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, vinzolidine and vinorelbine), podophyllotoxins (e.g. , etoposide (VP-16) and teniposide (VM-26)), taxanes (e.g., paclitaxel and docetaxel).
• vinca alkaloids e.g. , vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, vinzolidine and vinorelbine
• podophyllotoxins e.g. , etoposide (VP-16) and teniposide (VM-26)
• taxanes e.g., paclitaxel and docetaxel.
• Podophyllotoxins such as etoposide are believed to interfere with DNA synthesis by interacting with topoisomerase II, leading to DNA strand scission.
• treat include improvement of the conditions described herein. Also, it is also recognized that one skilled in the art may affect the conditions by treating a patient presently afflicted with the disorders or by prophylactically treating a patient believed to be susceptible to such conditions with an effective amount of a compound of invention. Thus, the terms “treat,” “treatment,” and “treating” include all processes providing slowing, interrupting, arresting, controlling, or stopping of the state or progression of the conditions described herein, but does not necessarily indicate a total elimination of all symptoms or a cure of the condition, and is intended to include prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of such disorders.
• patient and “subject” includes humans and non-human animals, for example, mammals, such as mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, cows, horses, sheep, goats, and pigs.
• mammals such as mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, cows, horses, sheep, goats, and pigs.
• the term also includes birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and the like. It is understood that a more particular patient is a human. Also, more particular patients and subjects are non-human mammals, such as mice, rats, and dogs.
• the term "effective amount" refers to the amount of compound of the invention which treats, upon single or multiple dose administration, a patient suffering from the mentioned condition.
• An effective amount can be readily determined by the attending diagnostician, as one skilled in the art, by the use of known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances.
• an effective amount of the present use invention is expected to vary from about 0.1 milligram per kilogram of body weight per day (mg/kg/day) to about 40 mg/kg/day. Specific amounts can be determined by the skilled person.
• the present invention relates to a method for treating cancer, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of invention.
• the invention also provides an article of manufacture: comprising at least one compound of the invention and a label.
• the label may include information about the manufacturer, doses, conditions to be treated, and the use of the compound or pharmaceutical composition.
• the invention provides a kit: comprising, at least one compound of the invention, a label, and apparatus for administration.
• the apparatus may include mixing vials, liquids for forming solutions or suspensions, tubing, syringes, and the like.
• the activity of compounds as mTOR inhibitors may be determined by a variety of methods, including in vitro and in vivo methods.
• mTOR activity was determined using Invitrogen's LanthaScreen system.
• the inhibitory properties of compounds relative to mTOR may be determined using a black 384-well-plate format in the following buffer 50 mM Hepes, 10 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2 mM EDTA, 0.01% Brij35, 2 mM DTT at pH7.3.
• the test compound is prepared in DMSO using 2 fold serial dilutions for 11 data points which are added to the buffer so that each dilution contains 3% DMSO.
• pIC 50 values the negative of the log of the IC 50 , are calculated by non-linear curve fitting of the compound concentrations and percent of inhibition to the standard pIC 50 equation.
• the exemplified compounds inhibited human mTOR in the assay of Example A with a pIC 50 of: A less than about 6, B between 6 and 7.5, and C greater than 7.5 as indicated in Table 1.
• TABLE 1 Example pIC 50
• Example pIC 50 Example pIC 50 1 C 3 C 4 B 5 C 6 B 7 C 9 C 11 B 14 B 15 C 16 C 17 B 18 C 19 B 20 A 22 B 23 B 24 A 26 C 28 C 30 C 35 C 36 C 41 C 45 B 46 C 47 C 49 C 53 C

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