EP2467652A2 - Procede permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de production de froid pour le refroidissement d'un supraconducteur et dispositif de production de froid approprie - Google Patents

Procede permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de production de froid pour le refroidissement d'un supraconducteur et dispositif de production de froid approprie

Info

Publication number
EP2467652A2
EP2467652A2 EP10745591A EP10745591A EP2467652A2 EP 2467652 A2 EP2467652 A2 EP 2467652A2 EP 10745591 A EP10745591 A EP 10745591A EP 10745591 A EP10745591 A EP 10745591A EP 2467652 A2 EP2467652 A2 EP 2467652A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stroke
piston
control
frequency
pistons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10745591A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2467652B1 (fr
Inventor
Falko Fox
Alexander Peetz
Heinz Schmidt
Peter Van Hasselt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2467652A2 publication Critical patent/EP2467652A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2467652B1 publication Critical patent/EP2467652B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/02—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of reciprocating-piston type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/001—Gas cycle refrigeration machines with a linear configuration or a linear motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/073—Linear compressors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a refrigeration device for cooling a superconductor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a refrigerating device is e.g. from EP 1 526 625 A2.
  • the invention further relates to a suitable for carrying out the method of refrigeration device according to claim 9.
  • the superconductor In electrical apparatus or machines with superconductors, such. Motors, generators or superconducting current limiters, the superconductor must be cooled and this is usually in a cryostat containing a cryogenic refrigerant, such. liquid neon or liquid nitrogen.
  • a refrigeration device serves for the recondensation of vaporized refrigerant present in the cryostat.
  • the refrigeration device often referred to as a refrigerator, usually comprises a closed circuit in which a working means, e.g. Helium gas is compressed in a compressor and relaxed again in a refrigeration unit and thereby gives off cooling capacity to the refrigerant in the cryostat.
  • a working means e.g. Helium gas
  • the refrigeration device can, for example, operate on the principle of Gifford-McMahon, according to the pulse tube principle or according to the Stirling principle.
  • the cryostat is connected via a cry-heat pipe to a cold head of a refrigeration device, which also includes a compressor.
  • EP 1 526 625 A1 discloses a short-circuit current protection system for ships and offshore installations with a superconducting current limiter in which the superconductor is arranged in a cryostat in which liquid stock having a temperature of 77 ° C. is present K is located as a refrigerant for the superconductor.
  • a refrigeration device For recondensation of vaporized refrigerant is a refrigeration device that summarizes a protruding into the cryostat cold head and a compressor.
  • the refrigeration device itself is not controllable, but a regulation is indirectly by a counter-heater, which is mounted on the cold head.
  • the back-up heater is turned on and off by a temperature control device so that the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is 77 K at ambient pressure.
  • an oil-free linear compressor is preferably used because of its low maintenance requirements.
  • the operation of the refrigeration device can be ensured even in the inclined position of the components.
  • operation must be ensured even at an inclination of 22.5 degrees.
  • working compressors or screw compressors are not suitable for this, since they are oil lubricated and therefore may not be inclined during operation.
  • oil-free linear compressors are suitable.
  • Such a linear compressor usually has two pistons, of which at least one, preferably both synchronously against each other, by a Linear motor with a frequency and with a stroke is linearly movable to the respective other piston or are.
  • the stroke of the at least one movable piston is regulated to a, preferably predetermined, desired value.
  • the stroke of a piston is here understood to mean the distance traveled by the piston from a first dead center (reversal point) of its reciprocating movement to a second dead center (reversal point).
  • a fixed operating point of the refrigerating device can be independent of the temperature, the filling pressure of the working fluid and other influences such as e.g. be set an inclination of the compressor.
  • a precise conclusion on the generated cooling capacity is possible. It is thus possible to set an operating point in which a defined efficiency, in particular a predetermined, cooling capacity is generated with good efficiency.
  • Such a refrigeration device operated is thus particularly suitable for use in mobile devices, such. Ships, suitable.
  • the setpoint for the stroke is derived from a setpoint for the cooling capacity and by controlling the stroke to a predeterminable value, the cooling capacity is controlled and / or regulated to this setpoint.
  • a mean value from the stroke of the two pistons can also be used as a controlled variable for the control of the piston stroke.
  • the control of the piston stroke can be done very accurately that is used as a control variable for the control of the piston stroke, the voltage applied to the respective motor.
  • the control of the piston stroke while the frequency of the reciprocating motion can be fixed.
  • a resonance frequency of the reciprocating motion is determined in the control of the piston stroke and the frequency of the reciprocating motion of the at least one movable piston is set to this resonance frequency.
  • the resonance frequency can be determined particularly easily by means of a phase shift between a motor current and a motor voltage. Alternatively, the resonance frequency can also be determined via the control value for the control of the piston stroke.
  • the refrigerating device comprises a regulating device, which is set up in such a way that it regulates the stroke of the at least one movable piston to a desired, preferably predefinable, desired value.
  • data are stored in the control device, which describe a relationship between the cooling capacity and the piston stroke.
  • the refrigeration device comprises a higher-level control and / or regulating device for controlling and / or regulating the refrigeration capacity to a predetermined desired value by controlling the piston stroke.
  • the regulating device may comprise a measuring device, preferably a magnetic field sensor or an optical sensor.
  • the refrigeration device preferably comprises in each case an electric motor and a frequency converter for supplying the motor with electric current having a predeterminable voltage and frequency.
  • the refrigeration device comprises two movable pistons, which are each driven by a frequency converter of an electric motor with frequency synchronous voltage, the motors are designed as saupha- sige AC motors and the frequency converter as a three-phase inverter with a voltage intermediate circuit, the inverter input side can be connected to a three-phase network and connected on the output side via two phases with the respective motor, and wherein an additional capacitor is connected in parallel to the voltage intermediate circuits.
  • control device is set up in such a way that it determines a resonant frequency of the reciprocating motion during the control of the piston stroke and adjusts the frequency of the reciprocating movement to this resonant frequency.
  • 7 shows a diagram with a representation of the dependence of the cooling capacity and the stroke on the frequency
  • 8 shows an embodiment with two-phase motors and three-phase converters.
  • a ship drive system 1 shown in FIG. 1 and known from the prior art comprises a high-temperature superconductor motor (HTS engine) 2, which is arranged in a nacelle 3 outside the actual hull of the ship and is also referred to as a pod drive.
  • the HTS engine 2 can also be located inside the ship.
  • the HTS motor 2 has a rotor 4 with a rotating high-temperature superconductor field winding 5, which is arranged in a cryostat 6, in which neon is at a temperature of 25 K as the refrigerant for the superconductor.
  • the rotor 4 is surrounded by a stator (stator) 7. In between there is an air gap.
  • the power supply of the HTS motor via electrical lines 8.
  • the HTS motor 2 is connected via a propeller shaft 9 with a propeller 10.
  • the cryostat 6 is connected via a cryogenic heat pipe 12 to a refrigeration unit 22 of a refrigeration device 20.
  • the refrigeration device 20 comprises a closed thermodynamic circuit 21 for a working medium into which, in addition to the refrigeration unit 22, an oil-free linear compressor 30 and a heat exchanger 24 are connected.
  • the working fluid is compressed in the compressor 30, cooled in the heat exchanger 24 and relaxed in the refrigeration unit 22 and thereby gives off cooling capacity to the refrigerant of the superconductor.
  • Refrigerant evaporated in the cryostat 6 is supplied to the refrigeration unit 22 via the cryogenic heat pipe 12 and recondensed on a cooled surface of the refrigeration unit 22.
  • the refrigeration unit 22 is a so-called cold head.
  • helium gas is used as the working medium.
  • the refrigeration device can also work, for example, according to the pulse tube principle or according to the Stirling principle.
  • Further details of the linear compressor 30 are shown schematically in FIG.
  • the linear compressor 30 has two pistons 31, which are movable in a housing 34 in the direction indicated by the arrows 32 linearly against each other at a frequency f and with a stroke H to the respective other piston 31.
  • one of the two pistons 31 may also be held stationary and only the other piston 31 may be linearly movable with a frequency f and with a stroke H on it.
  • the drive of the two pistons 31 is effected by a respective linear motor 33.
  • helium gas having a low pressure is sucked in via a feed designated by 35.
  • the sucked helium gas is compressed by the pistons 31 and ejected again via 36 discharges designated.
  • the stroke of the two pistons 31 is regulated to a predefinable desired value.
  • the setpoint for the stroke is derived from a setpoint for the cooling capacity, which has to be delivered by the refrigeration unit 22 to the refrigerant, here neon, for the superconductor 5.
  • the diagram of FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the cooling capacity K and the stroke H at a constant frequency f of the reciprocating movement of the pistons 31. As can be seen, the cooling capacity K increases with increasing stroke H of the pistons 31.
  • the cooling capacity can thus be controlled to a desired value and / or regulated.
  • a measuring device 37 for determining the stroke of the respective piston 31 is arranged in the interior of the linear compressor 30 on each of the two pistons 31.
  • the measuring device 37 is preferably a magnetic field sensor (eg a Hall sensor). Sensor) or an optical sensor (eg a laser diode).
  • a control device 40 is configured such that it controls the stroke of the piston 31 to a predetermined target value.
  • the control device 40 receives either manually from an operator or from a higher-level control and / or regulating device 50 for controlling and / or regulating the cooling capacity a setpoint value K for the cooling capacity.
  • target values for the stroke of the pistons 31 and the frequency of the reciprocating motion of the pistons 31 are derived in the control device 40.
  • data 41 are stored in the control device 40, which describe a relationship between the cooling capacity, the piston stroke and the resonance frequency. These relationships may have previously been determined experimentally.
  • a frequency converter 43 is used to supply the linear motors 33 with a predetermined voltage U of the frequency fu.
  • a control and / or regulating unit 44 serves to control and / or regulate the frequency converter 43.
  • an average value of the stroke of the two pistons 31 is used as a control variable for the control of the piston stroke.
  • the control device 40 detects this from the measuring devices 37 via signal lines 42 actual values for the piston positions and determines therefrom an average value of the stroke of the two pistons 31.
  • the output signals of the measuring device 37 such as a voltage, over at least one period of the stroke, ie a complete Hin and Herston, measured.
  • the stroke of the two pistons is determined from a difference between the two dead centers of the pistons, in which they reverse their direction of movement, in a period of a reciprocating motion.
  • FIG. 5 shows different These are measured values which show the course of the stroke H over the time t for the two pistons 31 in a period of a reciprocating movement. From these measuring points, the minimum and the maximum of the piston stroke of each piston 31 and thus its stroke per period are calculated.
  • the average value of the stroke of the two pistons per period gives an actual value Hi m , which is fed to a controller 45 of the control device 40.
  • the controller 45 determines from the difference between the actual value Hi m for the piston stroke and a target value H 3 is the piston stroke of a control value, here a target value U 8 for the motor voltage U, which is passed from the control device 20 together with a setpoint fs for the frequency of the motor voltage to the control and / or regulating unit 44 of the frequency converter 43.
  • the control and / or regulating unit 44 then controls and / or regulates the output voltage of the two frequency inverters 43 to the required setpoint values Us and fs, the two linear motors 33 being supplied with a frequency-synchronized voltage.
  • the controller 45 is, for example, an I-controller.
  • the exact structure of the controller 45 is preferably carried out after an evaluation of the step responses of the controlled system and the leadership behavior of the overall system.
  • FIG. 7 shows a possible relationship between the stroke H and the cooling capacity K over the frequency f. As can be seen, there is a maximum of cooling power and the stroke in the range of a resonance frequency fo.
  • the resonant frequency of the reciprocating motion is determined by the control device 20 during the control of the piston stroke and the frequency of the reciprocating motion is set to this resonant frequency.
  • the refrigeration device 20 can be operated at an operating point with optimum efficiency.
  • the resonant frequency may be determined and controlled based on a relationship between the resonant frequency and the operating parameters (e.g., temperature) stored in the controller 40.
  • the resonance frequency is automatically controlled to an optimum value.
  • the frequency fu of the motor voltage in the direction of larger and smaller frequencies is automatically varied by the control device 40 by changing the setpoint fs for the frequency of the motor voltage at certain time intervals at constant predetermined amplitude of the motor voltage U and thereby the phase shift between the motor voltage U and the motor current I determined.
  • the resonance frequency is present when the phase shift is maximal.
  • control device 40 receives measured values for the motor voltage U and the motor current I from the frequency inverters 43 or the control and / or regulating unit 44 of the converter and determines the phase shift.
  • the determination of the phase shift can also be made directly in the inverters 43 or in the control and / or regulating unit 44 and transmitted to the control device 40.
  • the resonance frequency can also be determined via the control value for the control of the piston stroke.
  • the resonance frequency is then the frequency at which the setting value, here the motor voltage, is the smallest.
  • control device 40 in the control of the piston stroke deviations and irregularities with respect to a zero position of the piston 31, for example due to an inclined position of the compressor 20 taken into account.
  • These can be compensated for example by different setpoint specifications for the two inverters 43 (eg in the form of a DC voltage component in the motor voltage).
  • control device 40 may also include a monitoring that prevents piston stops on the housing walls and excessive motor currents by a setpoint reduction. For this purpose, the extreme values measured by the measuring devices 37 are monitored by the control device 40 for exceeding a predetermined limit value.
  • the two linear motors 33 can also be fed together by a single frequency converter 43. However, in the control of the piston stroke, the two motors can then compensate for deviations and irregularities with respect to a zero position of the pistons, e.g. at an inclination of the compressor, not be driven differently.
  • the motors 33 are designed as two-phase AC motors.
  • the frequency inverters 43 are designed as three-phase converters, each having a network-side converter 61, a motor-side converter 62 and a voltage intermediate circuit 63 arranged therebetween to ensure symmetrical loading of the network 60.
  • a fixed set operating point can also be kept under inclination or skew of the compressor. This is an important requirement for the use of the compressor on ships. Since ship design is already commercially available for the components used for the control and activation, a refrigeration device according to the invention can thus be made fully suitable for use on ships.
  • the operating point of the compressor can be operated by automatically readjusting the operating frequency always close to the resonance point. This can ensure that the compressor is operated at the resonance point at all times, i. has an optimal efficiency.
  • a plurality of compressors which are operated in a network, can be controlled or regulated in parallel.
  • up to four refrigeration generators (refrigerators) are required, of which two are intended as redundancy, for example.
  • refrigerators refrigerators
  • all four can now be driven at partial load.
  • all four devices can work in a range that is favorable for the efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de production de froid (20) pour le refroidissement d'un supraconducteur (5), lequel dispositif de production de froid (20) est constitué d'un compresseur linéaire (23) destiné à comprimer un fluide de travail et d'une unité de froid (22) destinée à fournir une puissance frigorifique à un fluide cryogénique de refroidissement du supraconducteur (5) par détente du fluide de travail, ledit compresseur linéaire (23) comportant deux pistons (31), au moins un des deux pistons étant mobile linéairement par rapport à l'autre, de préférence les deux pistons étant mobiles linéairement l'un par rapport à l'autre de manière synchrone, à une fréquence (f) et pour une course (H). Le but de l'invention est de permettre la production d'une puissance frigorifique définie avec un bon rendement, de sorte que le dispositif de production de froid (20) soit approprié en particulier pour être utilisé dans des dispositifs mobiles, tels que des navires. A cet effet, selon l'invention, la course du ou des pistons mobiles (31) est réglée sur une valeur de consigne pouvant, de préférence, être prédéfinie.
EP10745591.7A 2009-08-21 2010-08-17 Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de production de froid pour le refroidissement d'un supraconducteur et dispositif de production de froid approprié Not-in-force EP2467652B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009038308A DE102009038308A1 (de) 2009-08-21 2009-08-21 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Kälteerzeugungseinrichtung zur Kühlung eines Supraleiters sowie hierfür geeignete Kälteerzeugungseinrichtung
PCT/EP2010/061966 WO2011020828A2 (fr) 2009-08-21 2010-08-17 Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de production de froid pour le refroidissement d'un supraconducteur et dispositif de production de froid approprié

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2467652A2 true EP2467652A2 (fr) 2012-06-27
EP2467652B1 EP2467652B1 (fr) 2018-02-14

Family

ID=43495464

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10745591.7A Not-in-force EP2467652B1 (fr) 2009-08-21 2010-08-17 Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de production de froid pour le refroidissement d'un supraconducteur et dispositif de production de froid approprié

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US8707717B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2467652B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013502553A (fr)
KR (1) KR101420946B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102803868A (fr)
AU (1) AU2010285028B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112012008134A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2771430A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009038308A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2012110611A (fr)
WO (1) WO2011020828A2 (fr)

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CA2771430A1 (fr) 2011-02-24
BR112012008134A2 (pt) 2019-09-24
WO2011020828A3 (fr) 2011-04-21
WO2011020828A2 (fr) 2011-02-24
US20120159975A1 (en) 2012-06-28
RU2012110611A (ru) 2013-09-27
AU2010285028B2 (en) 2013-09-12
CN102803868A (zh) 2012-11-28
EP2467652B1 (fr) 2018-02-14
US8707717B2 (en) 2014-04-29
JP2013502553A (ja) 2013-01-24
DE102009038308A1 (de) 2011-02-24
KR20120061904A (ko) 2012-06-13
KR101420946B1 (ko) 2014-07-17
AU2010285028A1 (en) 2012-03-15

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