EP2467652B1 - Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de production de froid pour le refroidissement d'un supraconducteur et dispositif de production de froid approprié - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de production de froid pour le refroidissement d'un supraconducteur et dispositif de production de froid approprié Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2467652B1
EP2467652B1 EP10745591.7A EP10745591A EP2467652B1 EP 2467652 B1 EP2467652 B1 EP 2467652B1 EP 10745591 A EP10745591 A EP 10745591A EP 2467652 B1 EP2467652 B1 EP 2467652B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stroke
frequency
piston
regulating
cooling
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
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EP10745591.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2467652A2 (fr
Inventor
Falko Fox
Alexander Peetz
Heinz Schmidt
Peter Van Hasselt
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/02—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of reciprocating-piston type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/001—Gas cycle refrigeration machines with a linear configuration or a linear motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/073—Linear compressors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a refrigeration device for cooling a superconductor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a refrigeration device is eg from the US 5 535 593 A known.
  • the invention further relates to a suitable for carrying out the method of refrigeration device according to claim 8.
  • the superconductor In electrical apparatus or machines with superconductors, e.g. Motors, generators or superconducting current limiters, the superconductor must be cooled and this is usually in a cryostat containing a cryogenic refrigerant such. liquid neon or liquid nitrogen.
  • a refrigeration device serves for the recondensation of vaporized refrigerant present in the cryostat.
  • the refrigeration device often referred to as a refrigerator, usually comprises a closed circuit in which a working means, e.g. Helium gas is compressed in a compressor and relaxed again in a refrigeration unit and thereby gives off cooling capacity to the refrigerant in the cryostat.
  • the refrigeration device can, for example, operate on the principle of Gifford-McMahon, according to the pulse tube principle or according to the Stirling principle.
  • the solution of the object directed to the method is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the method are each subject of the dependent claims 2 to 7.
  • the solution of the object directed to the refrigeration device is achieved by a refrigeration device according to claim 8.
  • Advantageous embodiments the refrigeration device are each subject of the subclaims 9 to 12.
  • the stroke of the at least one movable piston is regulated to a, preferably predetermined, desired value.
  • the stroke of a piston is here understood to mean the distance traveled by the piston from a first dead center (reversal point) of its reciprocating movement to a second dead center (reversal point).
  • a fixed operating point of the refrigerating device can be independent of the temperature, the filling pressure of the working fluid and other influences such as e.g. be set an inclination of the compressor.
  • an accurate conclusion on the generated cooling capacity is possible. It is thus possible to set an operating point in which a defined efficiency, in particular a predetermined, cooling capacity is generated with good efficiency.
  • Such a refrigeration device operated is thus particularly suitable for use in mobile devices, such. Ships, suitable.
  • the refrigeration device comprises in each case an electric motor and a frequency converter for supplying the motor with electric current with a predeterminable voltage and frequency.
  • the refrigerating device comprises two movable pistons, which are each driven by a frequency converter of an electric motor with frequency synchronous voltage, the motors are designed as two-phase AC motors and the frequency converter as a three-phase inverter with a voltage intermediate circuit, the inverter on the input side connected to a three-phase network and the output side are connected via two phases to the respective motor, and wherein an additional capacitor is connected in parallel to the voltage intermediate circuits.
  • the setpoint for the stroke is derived from a setpoint for the cooling capacity and the control of the stroke to a predetermined setpoint, the cooling capacity is controlled to this target value and / or regulated.
  • a mean value from the stroke of the two pistons can also be used as a controlled variable for the control of the piston stroke.
  • the control of the piston stroke can be done very accurately that is used as a control variable for the control of the piston stroke, the voltage applied to the respective motor.
  • a resonance frequency of the reciprocating motion is determined in the control of the piston stroke and set the frequency of the reciprocating motion of the at least one movable piston to this resonance frequency.
  • the resonance frequency can be determined particularly easily by means of a phase shift between a motor current and a motor voltage. Alternatively, the resonance frequency can also be determined via the control value for the control of the piston stroke.
  • the refrigerating device comprises a regulating device, which is set up in such a way that it regulates the stroke of the at least one movable piston to a desired, preferably predefinable, desired value.
  • data are stored in the control device, which describe a relationship between the cooling capacity and the piston stroke.
  • the refrigeration device comprises a higher-level control and / or regulating device for controlling and / or regulating the refrigeration capacity to a predetermined desired value by controlling the piston stroke.
  • the regulating device may comprise a measuring device, preferably a magnetic field sensor or an optical sensor.
  • control device is set up such that it determines a resonance frequency of the reciprocating motion during the control of the piston stroke and adjusts the frequency of the reciprocating motion to this resonance frequency.
  • FIG. 1 Shown and known from the prior art ship propulsion system 1 comprises a high-temperature superconducting motor (HTS motor) 2, which is arranged in a nacelle 3 outside the actual hull and is also referred to as a pod drive.
  • the HTS engine 2 can also be located inside the ship.
  • the HTS motor 2 has a rotor 4 with a rotating high-temperature superconductor field winding 5, which is arranged in a cryostat 6 in which neon with a temperature of 25 K is as a refrigerant for the superconductor.
  • the rotor 4 is surrounded by a stator (stator) 7. In between there is an air gap.
  • the power supply of the HTS motor via electrical lines 8.
  • the HTS motor 2 is connected via a propeller shaft 9 with a propeller 10.
  • the cryostat 6 is connected via a cryogenic heat pipe 12 to a refrigeration unit 22 of a refrigeration device 20.
  • the refrigeration device 20 comprises a closed thermodynamic circuit 21 for a working medium into which, in addition to the refrigeration unit 22, an oil-free linear compressor 30 and a heat exchanger 24 are connected.
  • the working fluid is compressed in the compressor 30, cooled in the heat exchanger 24 and relaxed in the refrigeration unit 22 and thereby gives off cooling capacity to the refrigerant of the superconductor.
  • Refrigerant evaporated in the cryostat 6 is supplied to the refrigeration unit 22 via the cryogenic heat pipe 12 and recondensed on a cooled surface of the refrigeration unit 22.
  • the refrigeration unit 22 is a so-called cold head.
  • helium gas is used as the working medium.
  • the refrigeration device can also work, for example, according to the pulse tube principle or according to the Stirling principle.
  • the linear compressor 30 has two pistons 31, which are movable in a housing 34 in the direction indicated by the arrows 32 linearly against each other at a frequency f and with a stroke H to the respective other piston 31.
  • one of the two pistons 31 may also be held stationary and only the other piston 31 may be linearly movable with a frequency f and with a stroke H on it.
  • the drive of the two pistons 31 is effected by a respective linear motor 33.
  • helium gas having a low pressure is sucked in via a feed designated by 35.
  • the sucked helium gas is compressed by the pistons 31 and ejected again via 36 discharges designated.
  • the stroke of the two pistons 31 is regulated to a predefinable desired value.
  • the setpoint for the stroke is derived from a setpoint for the cooling capacity, which has to be delivered by the refrigeration unit 22 to the refrigerant, here neon, for the superconductor 5.
  • the diagram of FIG. 3 the relationship between the cooling capacity K and the stroke H at a constant frequency f of the reciprocating motion of the piston 31.
  • the cooling capacity K increases with increasing stroke H of the piston 31.
  • a measuring device 37 for determining the stroke of the respective piston 31 is arranged in the interior of the linear compressor 30 on each of the two pistons 31.
  • the measuring device 37 is preferably a magnetic field sensor (eg a Hall sensor) or an optical sensor (eg a laser diode).
  • a control device 40 is configured such that it controls the stroke of the piston 31 to a predetermined target value.
  • the control device 40 receives either manually from an operator or from a higher-level control and / or regulating device 50 for controlling and / or regulating the cooling capacity a setpoint value K for the cooling capacity.
  • target values for the stroke of the pistons 31 and the frequency of the reciprocating motion of the pistons 31 are derived in the control device 40.
  • data 41 are stored in the control device 40, which describe a relationship between the cooling capacity, the piston stroke and the resonance frequency. These relationships may have previously been determined experimentally.
  • a frequency converter 43 is used to supply the linear motors 33 with a predetermined voltage U of the frequency f U.
  • a control and / or regulating unit 44 serves to control and / or regulate the frequency converter 43.
  • an average value of the stroke of the two pistons 31 is used as a control variable for the control of the piston stroke.
  • the control device 40 detects actual values for the piston positions from the measuring devices 37 via signal lines 42 and determines therefrom an average value of the stroke of the two pistons 31.
  • the output signals of the measuring device 37 e.g. a voltage is applied over at least one period of the stroke, i. a complete float, measured.
  • the stroke of the two pistons is determined from a difference between the two dead centers of the pistons, in which they reverse their direction of movement, in a period of a reciprocating motion.
  • Exemplary shows this FIG. 5 various Measurements indicating the course of the stroke H over the time t for the two pistons 31 in a period of reciprocation. From these measuring points, the minimum and the maximum of the piston stroke of each piston 31 and thus its stroke per period are calculated.
  • the average value of the stroke of the two pistons per period gives an actual value H Im , which is fed to a controller 45 of the control device 40.
  • FIG. 6 The controller 45 determines from the difference between the actual value H Im for the piston stroke and a setpoint H S for the piston stroke a control value, here a target value U s for the motor voltage U , which is supplied from the control device 20 together with a setpoint fs for the frequency of the motor voltage to the control and / or regulating unit 44 of the frequency converter 43.
  • the control and / or regulating unit 44 then controls and / or regulates the output voltage of the two frequency inverters 43 to the required setpoint values Us and fs, the two linear motors 33 being supplied with a frequency-synchronized voltage.
  • the controller 45 is, for example, an I-controller.
  • the exact structure of the controller 45 is preferably carried out after an evaluation of the step responses of the controlled system and the leadership behavior of the overall system.
  • the frequency of the reciprocating motion can be fixed in the regulation of the piston stroke.
  • the resonance frequency of various operating parameters such as the temperature and the filling pressure
  • FIG. 7 For this purpose, a possible relationship between the stroke H and the cooling capacity K over the frequency f.
  • the resonance frequency of the reciprocating motion is determined by the control device 20 in the control of the piston stroke and the frequency of the reciprocating motion is set to this resonance frequency.
  • the refrigeration device 20 can be operated at an operating point with optimum efficiency.
  • the resonance frequency can be determined and controlled on the basis of a relationship between the resonance frequency and the operating parameters (eg the temperature) stored in the control device 40. Preferably, however, the resonance frequency is automatically controlled to an optimum value.
  • the frequency f U of the motor voltage in the direction of larger and smaller frequencies is automatically varied by the control device 40 by changing the set value fs for the frequency of the motor voltage at certain time intervals at a constant predetermined amplitude of the motor voltage U and thereby the phase shift between the motor voltage U and the motor current I determined.
  • the resonance frequency is present when the phase shift is maximal.
  • control device 40 receives measured values for the motor voltage U and the motor current I from the frequency converters 43 or the control and / or regulating unit 44 of the converters and determines the phase shift.
  • the determination of the phase shift can also be made directly in the inverters 43 or in the control and / or regulating unit 44 and transmitted to the control device 40.
  • the resonance frequency can also be determined via the control value for the control of the piston stroke.
  • the resonance frequency is then the frequency at which the control value, here the motor voltage, is the smallest.
  • control device 40 in the control of the piston stroke deviations and irregularities with respect to a zero position of the piston 31, for example due to an inclined position of the compressor 20 taken into account.
  • These can be compensated for example by different setpoint specifications for the two inverters 43 (eg in the form of a DC voltage component in the motor voltage).
  • control device 40 may also include a monitoring that prevents piston stops on the housing walls and excessive motor currents by a setpoint reduction. For this purpose, the extreme values measured by the measuring devices 37 are monitored by the control device 40 for exceeding a predetermined limit value.
  • the two linear motors 33 can also be fed together by a single frequency converter 43. However, in the control of the piston stroke, the two motors can then compensate for deviations and irregularities with respect to a zero position of the pistons, e.g. at an inclination of the compressor, not be driven differently.
  • the motors 33 are designed as two-phase AC motors. Since the power grids in larger systems, such as in ships, usually designed as three-phase three-phase networks 60, the frequency 43 are designed as three-phase inverter with a network-side converter 61, a motor-side converter 62 and a voltage intermediate circuit 63 arranged therebetween to a symmetrical load of the network 60.
  • the cooling power generated by the refrigeration device 20 has now become controllable or controllable by regulating the stroke. This is an enormous savings potential of supplied electrical energy, since the efficiency of a compressor is only about 1%. Commercially available compressors always run under full load, unneeded cooling capacity is compensated or destroyed by counter heating. 1 W of destroyed cooling capacity corresponds to 100 W destroyed power taken from the mains.
  • the control and actuation according to the invention makes it possible to keep the compressor at a fixed operating point without temperature changes or other operational influences (for example slanting of the compressor) leading to shifts in the operating point. Even a striking of the piston and associated safety shutdown of the compressor can be avoided.
  • a fixed set operating point can also be kept under inclination or skew of the compressor. This is an important requirement for the use of the compressor on ships. Since there are already ship-building versions commercially available for the components used for the control and activation, a refrigeration device according to the invention can thus be carried out fully suitable for shipping.
  • the operating point of the compressor can be operated by automatically readjusting the operating frequency always close to the resonance point. This can ensure that the compressor is operated at the resonance point at all times, i. has an optimal efficiency.
  • a plurality of compressors which are operated in a network, can be controlled or regulated in parallel.
  • up to four refrigeration devices are needed, of which two are provided as redundancy, for example.
  • redundancy for example.
  • all four can now be driven at partial load.
  • all four devices can work in a range that is favorable for the efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif (20) de production de froid pour refroidir un supraconducteur (5), le dispositif (20) de production de froid comprenant un compresseur (23) linéaire pour comprimer un fluide de travail et un groupe (22) frigorifique pour céder une puissance (K) frigorifique à un fluide de refroidissement cryogène du supraconducteur (5) par détente du fluide de travail, le compresseur (23) linéaire ayant deux pistons (31), dont l'un au moins est mobile linéairement par rapport à l'autre à une certaine fréquence (f) et avec une certaine course (H), de préférence les deux en sens opposé en synchronisme, dans lequel on régule la course (H) du au moins un piston (31) mobile sur une valeur de consigne, qui, de préférence, peut être donnée à l'avance, caractérisé en ce que l'on entraîne chaque piston (31) mobile par respectivement un moteur (33), par l'intermédiaire respectivement d'un convertisseur (43) de fréquence d'alimentation du moteur (33) en courant électrique à une tension et fréquence pouvant être données à l'avance, dans lequel on utilise, comme grandeur de réglage pour la régulation de la course (H) du piston, la tension (U) appliquée au moteur (33) respectif, les moteurs (33) étant constitués sous la forme de moteurs à courant alternatif biphasé et les convertisseurs (43) de fréquence, sous la forme de convertisseurs triphasés à circuits (63) intermédiaires de tension, dans lequel on relie les convertisseurs (43) du côté de l'entrée à un réseau (60) triphasé et du côté de la sortie, par l'intermédiaire de deux phases, au moteur (33) respectif, et on monte un condensateur (65) supplémentaire en parallèle aux circuits (63) intermédiaires de tension.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on déduit la valeur de consigne de la course (H) d'une valeur de consigne de la puissance (K) frigorifique et on commande et/ou on régule la puissance (K) calorifique à cette valeur de consigne en régulant la course (H) à une valeur de consigne pouvant être donnée à l'avance.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que, pour deux pistons (31), allant et venant linéairement en synchronisme en sens inverse l'un de l'autre, on utilise comme grandeur de régulation, pour la régulation de la course du piston, une valeur moyenne de la course des deux pistons.
  4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que, lors de la régulation de la course (H) des pistons, on prescrit de manière fixe la fréquence (f) du déplacement en aller et retour.
  5. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que, lors de la régulation de la course (H) des pistons, on détermine une fréquence (fo) de résonance du déplacement en aller et retour et on règle la fréquence (f) du déplacement en aller et retour à cette fréquence (fo) de résonance.
  6. Procédé suivant la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on détermine la fréquence (fo) de résonance par l'intermédiaire d'un déphasage entre un courant (I) du moteur et une tension (U) du moteur ou par l'intermédiaire d'une valeur de réglage pour la régulation de la course des pistons.
  7. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que, lors de la régulation de la course (H) des pistons, on compense des écarts et des irrégularités en ce qui concerne la position zéro des pistons (31).
  8. Dispositif (20) de production de froid pour refroidir un supraconducteur (5), comprenant un compresseur (23) linéaire pour comprimer un fluide de travail et un groupe (22) frigorifique pour céder une puissance (K) frigorifique à un fluide de refroidissement cryogène du supraconducteur (5) par détente du fluide de travail, le compresseur (23) linéaire ayant deux pistons (31), dont l'un au moins est mobile linéairement par rapport à l'autre à une certaine fréquence (f) et avec une certaine course (H), de préférence les deux en sens opposé en synchronisme, comprenant en outre un dispositif (40) de régulation conçu pour réguler la course (H) du au moins un piston (31) mobile à une valeur de consigne, de préférence pouvant être donnée à l'avance,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, pour entraîner le ou chaque piston (31) mobile respectivement un moteur (33) électrique et un convertisseur (43) de fréquence d'alimentation du moteur (33) en courant électrique à une tension et une fréquence pouvant être données à l'avance, et caractérisé en outre par deux pistons (31) mobiles, qui peuvent être entraînés par l'intermédiaire respectivement d'un convertisseur (43) de fréquence, par respectivement un moteur (33) électrique ayant une tension synchrone en fréquence, les moteurs (33) étant constitués en moteurs alternatifs biphasés et les convertisseurs (43) de fréquence en convertisseurs triphasés ayant un circuit (63) intermédiaire de tension, les convertisseurs (43) pouvant être reliés du côté de l'entrée à un réseau (60) triphasé et étant reliés du côté de la sortie par l'intermédiaire de deux phases au moteur (33) respectif, un condensateur (65) supplémentaire étant monté en parallèle aux circuits (63) intermédiaires de tension.
  9. Dispositif (20) de production de froid suivant la revendication 8,
    caractérisé en ce que, dans le dispositif (40) de régulation, sont mémorisées des données (41), qui décrivent une relation entre la puissance (K) frigorifique et la course (H) du piston.
  10. Dispositif (20) suivant l'une des revendications 8 ou 9,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif (50) de commande et/ou de régulation superposé pour commander et/ou réguler la puissance (K) frigorifique à une valeur de consigne pouvant être donnée à l'avance par une régulation de la course (H) du piston.
  11. Dispositif (20) suivant l'une des revendications 8 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (40) de régulation comprend un dispositif (37) de mesure, notamment un capteur de champ magnétique ou un capteur optique, pour mesurer la course (H) du au moins un piston (31) mobile.
  12. Dispositif (20) suivant l'une des revendications 8 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (40) de régulation est conçu pour déterminer, lors de la régulation de la course (H) du piston, une fréquence (fo) de résonance du mouvement d'aller et retour et pour régler la fréquence (f) du mouvement d'aller et retour à cette fréquence (fo) de résonance.
EP10745591.7A 2009-08-21 2010-08-17 Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de production de froid pour le refroidissement d'un supraconducteur et dispositif de production de froid approprié Not-in-force EP2467652B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009038308A DE102009038308A1 (de) 2009-08-21 2009-08-21 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Kälteerzeugungseinrichtung zur Kühlung eines Supraleiters sowie hierfür geeignete Kälteerzeugungseinrichtung
PCT/EP2010/061966 WO2011020828A2 (fr) 2009-08-21 2010-08-17 Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de production de froid pour le refroidissement d'un supraconducteur et dispositif de production de froid approprié

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EP2467652A2 EP2467652A2 (fr) 2012-06-27
EP2467652B1 true EP2467652B1 (fr) 2018-02-14

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US (1) US8707717B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2467652B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013502553A (fr)
KR (1) KR101420946B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102803868A (fr)
AU (1) AU2010285028B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112012008134A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2771430A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009038308A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2012110611A (fr)
WO (1) WO2011020828A2 (fr)

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CN104089327B (zh) * 2013-10-30 2015-02-04 威海震宇智能科技股份有限公司 节能超传导输送热能管
US11466678B2 (en) 2013-11-07 2022-10-11 Gas Technology Institute Free piston linear motor compressor and associated systems of operation
US10323628B2 (en) * 2013-11-07 2019-06-18 Gas Technology Institute Free piston linear motor compressor and associated systems of operation
US10729600B2 (en) 2015-06-30 2020-08-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent structure
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CA2771430A1 (fr) 2011-02-24
KR20120061904A (ko) 2012-06-13
EP2467652A2 (fr) 2012-06-27
KR101420946B1 (ko) 2014-07-17
BR112012008134A2 (pt) 2019-09-24
JP2013502553A (ja) 2013-01-24
DE102009038308A1 (de) 2011-02-24
US20120159975A1 (en) 2012-06-28
US8707717B2 (en) 2014-04-29
RU2012110611A (ru) 2013-09-27
AU2010285028B2 (en) 2013-09-12
WO2011020828A3 (fr) 2011-04-21
CN102803868A (zh) 2012-11-28
AU2010285028A1 (en) 2012-03-15
WO2011020828A2 (fr) 2011-02-24

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