EP2455322A1 - Crane - Google Patents

Abstract

The crane has a load hook (20) fastened indirectly/directly at a crane hoist rope (50). A frame is suspended at the load hook for receiving a special load i.e. rotor blade (101), of a wind turbine (100). Control elements e.g. control ropes (40), of the frame suspended at the load hook are guided along a guide rope area (50a) of the rope. The guide rope area is formed by returning the hoist rope by a pulley block (23) via a guide roller (14) in a direction as a boom longitudinal axis to a lower anchorage point at the crane. The guide roller is mounted at a variable height at a crane boom. The control elements are spindles and/or cylinders and/or telescopic seaweeds and/or kink steering wheels.

Description

The invention relates to a crane with an indirectly or directly attached to the crane hoist hook and a hook attached to the hook frame for receiving a special load, in particular for receiving a rotor blade of a wind turbine.

When installing wind turbines, the rotor blades must be mounted at a high lifting height. For this purpose, vehicle cranes or crawler cranes are preferred. The rotor blade to be mounted has a large rotor area and consequently a large wind attack surface. For mounting the rotor blade on the corresponding wind turbine, a sufficiently precise adjustment and stabilization of the recorded rotor blade in the mounting height is required.

For this purpose, it is already known from the prior art to receive the rotor blade by means of a frame. This is attached to the load hook of the hoist cable and receives the rotor component to be mounted in the corresponding receptacle.

In the DE 20 2006 015 189 U1 For example, it is proposed to attach the rotor blade via two control cables to the two guy ropes of the Y-bracing of the main boom and to secure against rotation. A disadvantage of the proposed solution is that the guy ropes are far away from the longitudinal axis of the main boom. As a result, the forces in the horizontal control cables significantly affect the bracing forces of the Y brace and reduce the load capacity of the crane.

Furthermore, constructions are known in which one or more additional ropes, also referred to as guide ropes, starting from the jib foot to the jib head by means of at least one additional winch is stretched / are. The receptacle for the rotor blade is connected via two control cables with the or the tensioned cables.

The decisive disadvantage of these solutions is that additional winches and stranding are mandatory. However, the additional equipment means an adverse weight gain of the crane and at the same time an increasing production costs and maintenance. In addition, in solutions with two additional ropes, it is necessary to tension both ropes independently. The applied tensile force per rope loads the boom, as the resulting compressive load acts as an additional load on the boom. Also, the attachment of two independent ropes requires an additional side load on the boom if a rope is loaded more heavily.

The object of the present invention is now to show an improved guidance possibility for the controls of a frame, which is relatively simple and inexpensive to implement.

This object is achieved by a crane having the features according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 14.

The crane according to the invention comprises a load hook attached indirectly / directly to the crane hoisting rope, to which a frame for receiving a special load is attached. In particular, the frame is suitable for receiving a rotor blade of a wind turbine.

Such frames are referred to in the jargon as "yoke". This is a frame that takes the actual load gently and without damage. The connection between the load hook and the frame is suitably made via towing means. For aligning and stabilizing the Yokes this self-operating assemblies such. As winches, drives, equipment, etc ..

The frame used has at least two indirectly associated with the crane boom controls for adjusting, stabilizing and fine-alignment of the frame or the load recorded. According to the invention, it is now provided that the at least two control elements are guided along a guide cable region of the crane lifting cable. Accordingly, an area of the hoisting rope used is created which provides a guiding possibility for the connected control elements. The attachment of a separate guide rope is therefore superfluous. Separate winches with appropriate hydraulic and electrical control for tensioning the separate guide ropes or are also unnecessary. The proposed solution significantly simplifies crane production and, moreover, is considerably cheaper than known designs.

The technical embodiment of the invention is independent of the type of main boom used. For example, it may be both a lattice boom and a telescopic boom.

Preferably, a portion of the hoist rope is used as a guide rope area, which is parallel to the boom longitudinal axis on the load-facing boom side runs. For this purpose, it may be appropriate that the hoisting rope is guided by the crane hook back to the boom and is stretched parallel to the boom longitudinal axis in the direction of the boom foot. Advantageously, the recirculated area of the hoist rope is used as the guide rope area.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the crane, the guide cable region of the hoist rope is formed by the hoist rope returned from the hook block in the direction of the boom, which extends from the hook block via at least one deflection roller on the boom in the direction of the boom longitudinal axis to the lower crane attachment point. Furthermore, at least one deflection roller is expediently arranged on the roller head of the jib tip. One or more pulleys may preferably be provided at any point of the boom. For example, on the main boom, on the boom extension or on the needle. For example, the hub height of a wind turbine to be mounted can be decisive.

Advantageously, at least one deflection roller in the guide cable area of the hoisting cable can be mounted or mounted at a variable height on the crane boom. The assembly of the deflection roller can be done, for example, in coordination with the target height of the load to be provided. The deflection roller is preferably bolted or fastened by means of clamping means on the crane.

One or more controls are particularly preferably designed as control cables. Accordingly, at least two control cables of the attached frame are guided along the guide cable portion of the hoisting cable. In principle, the use of a timing chain and / or a spindle and / or a cylinder and / or a telescopic rod and / or an articulated steering is conceivable. Furthermore, the use of a scissors-based element is conceivable. The embodiment is expedient for at least a part of the controls identical, but also any combination of the proposed embodiments is possible.

The end stop point of the returned hoist rope is preferably on the pivot piece of the crane jib. Optionally, the hoist rope can be struck at the end on the luffing cylinder or also on the revolving platform.

Advantageously, it can be provided that a cable lock is arranged on Hubseilende. About the cable lock the Hubseilende can be attacked or struck depending on the requirement profile at any point of the crane.

The handling of the Hubseilendes is preferably carried out with the help of one end of the hoist rope or rope lock arranged mounting part, which is accessible either from the crane footprint from or alternatively operated by a drive. It is conceivable to operate the mounting part by means of at least one winch, in particular to wind or unwind. As a mounting part, for example, an already existing mounting part of the winch can be used.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one guide roller arranged in the guide cable region of the hoisting cable comprises a device for catching or fixing at least one guided control element. The controls slide, in particular by means of a fixed connecting link, as a function of the lifting height along the guide cable region of the hoist cable. The device serves for fixing and stabilizing the control elements, in particular the connecting link, so that precise control or fine adjustment of the frame can be ensured with the aid of the control elements.

In particular, the deflection roller is arranged on the crane, so that the controls or the connecting link can be caught or fixed in the target lift height to be achieved. Preferably, a variably mounted on the boom deflection pulley designed the device for trapping and fixing. For example, the assembly of the deflection roller hub height of a wind turbine to be mounted takes place. Particularly advantageous is the attachment of said pulley on the boom just below the lift height to be achieved, so that a premature capture and fixing the controls to a certain and advantageous Schrägzug the controls leads. The diagonal pull reinforces the achieved fixation of the controls.

Preferably, the device of the deflection roller consists at least of a pivotally mounted about the Umlenkrollenachse plate having at least one stop surface. The pivotal mounting of the plate ensures a targeted alignment of the stop surface in response to the deflected by the pulley rope.

In particular, the abutment surface is arranged on the underside of the plate and the cable is guided orthogonal to the abutment surface through this. Particularly preferably, the cable runs orthogonally through the center of area of the stop surface. The vertical movement of the sliding on the rope controls can thus be limited by the stop surface to a maximum height.

The plate of the device preferably comprises at least one retaining roller which ensures a soft and damped positioning of the plate on the rope. This is particularly advantageous if the plate is deflected in any direction, thus resulting in increasing the Seilumschlingungswinkels the deflected rope on the pulley. The tensile force created in the rope acts as a restoring force and is damped by the plate due to the retaining roller.

Advantageously, a connecting link is provided which is suitable for connecting at least one control element to the guide cable region of the hoisting cable. Preferably, the connecting link on at least one stop surface, which can be brought into abutment with the appropriate counter-stop surface of the deflection roller described above. By targeted striking between connecting link and pulley a fixation / stabilization of the connecting link on the pulley is achieved.

At least one sliding block is preferably provided in the region of the abutment surface of the connecting link. With the help of Gleitklotzes becomes a targeted striking the two stop surfaces ensured. Furthermore, the slide block in the captured position of the connecting link causes an improved positive connection between the guide roller and connecting link.

The connecting link is preferably designed to be rotatable about the cable axis of the hoist rope, so that the mobility of the controls is not or only slightly limited. In the trapped state of the connecting link, the sliding block preferably slides around the surface circumference of the abutment surface of the deflecting roller.

The invention further relates to a deflection roller with a device for catching and fixing at least one control element or a connecting link. The diverting pulley obviously has the same features and properties as the crane above, which is why a repeated discussion is omitted here.

The invention further relates to a connecting link which can be caught or fixed on a deflection roller with a corresponding device. The connecting link obviously has the same features and properties as the above-described embodiment of the crane, which is why a repeated explanation is omitted here.

It is noteworthy in this context that the deflection roller and the connecting link can of course also be used on a separate non-assignable to the hoist rope guide rope of any crane.

Figur 1:

eine Seitenansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Krans mit einem aufgenommenen Rotorblatt einer Windkraftanlage,

Figur 2:

eine Detaildarstellung des Rollenkopfes gemäß Figur 1,

Figur 3:

eine Prinzipdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Umlenkrolle mit Vorrichtung zum Einfangen der Verbindungskulisse in einer perspektivischen Ansicht und

Figur 4:

eine Schnittdarstellung der Vorrichtung aus Figur 3 mit eingefangener Verbindungskulisse.

Further advantages and details of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in FIGS. Show it:

FIG. 1:

a side view of the crane according to the invention with a recorded rotor blade of a wind turbine,

FIG. 2:

a detailed view of the roller head according to FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3:

a schematic diagram of the guide roller according to the invention with device for trapping the connecting link in a perspective view and

FIG. 4:

a sectional view of the device FIG. 3 with trapped connecting link.

FIG. 1 shows a crane assembly 10 for the assembly of wind turbines 100. The specific embodiment of the crane structure 10, in particular of the boom system 11, is irrelevant to the invention. The idea according to the invention can basically be used with any type of cantilever system 11, such as, for example, a lattice boom crane and a telescopic crane.

At the load hook 20, a yoke 30 is attached via the towbar 21. The yoke 30 includes a frame that receives a rotor blade 101 of the wind turbine 100 to be lifted gently and without damage. Further, the yoke 30 includes a number of self-operating assemblies, such as winches, drives, resources that serve to operate the outgoing control cables 40, among other things.

The control cables 40 are connected for adjusting and stabilizing the yoke 30 indirectly with the boom system 11. In contrast to the prior art, no additional guide cable is clamped on the boom system 11 as a guide possibility of the control cables 40. To simplify the crane construction and in the course of cost minimization, the hoist rope 50 of the crane 10 is used instead.

The hoist rope 50 extends from the roller head 12 to the hook bottle 23 to be guided back to the boom system 11 after load-dependent reeving on the hook block 23. Specifically, the rope course of the hook bottle 23 returning hoist rope 50 determined by the arranged on the roller head 12 guide roller 13 and mounted on the rotor hub height on the boom system 11 guide roller 14. The end of the hoist rope is struck at the lower attachment point, not shown, which is in dependence on the given lifting conditions or the crane body on the pivot piece, rocker cylinder or on the crane turning platform. In the illustrated drawing, the portion 50a of the hoist rope 50, which is parallel to the boom axis from the pulley 14 to the lower link point, is used as the guide rope portion 50a.

An enlarged view of the Rolllenkopfs 12 is the FIG. 2 refer to. This gives once again an exact overview of the specific rope course of the hoist rope 50 on the roller head 12th

If the yoke 30 together with the rotor blade 101 hangs on the hook block 23, sufficient tension of the hoist rope 50 in the guide rope area 50a results. Already the assembly of the rotor blade 101 on the wind turbine 100 leads to a substantial reduction of the lifting load. This has an immediate effect on the tensile force in the hoist rope 50 and consequently on the tension in the guide rope area 50a. At the same time but also eliminates a large part of the wind attack surface, so that the hoist rope tension is sufficient to avoid dangerous twisting when relieved yoke 30.

The number of shearing the hoist rope 50 on the hook bottle 23 is selected depending on the Yokes 30 used. It is possible to use Yokes with different physical dimensions, which are specially designed for different rotor blades with different geometrical dimensions and weights. For the reeving the total weight of yoke 30, hook bottle 23 and recorded rotor blade 101 must be considered. The number of shearing reduces the pulling force on the hoisting rope. This is necessary in order to prevent the tensile force in the rope from being higher than permissible. In area 51 a, this effect is undesirable, albeit immutable.

The deflection roller 14 is mounted on the boom system 11 just below the target height (hub height) to be reached by the Yoke upper edge. Even before the yoke 30 reaches the target height, the control cables 40, which run along the guide cable region 50a of the hoisting cable 50 by means of connecting link 60, abut against the specially designed deflection roller 14. The selective striking of the connecting link 60 on the deflection roller 14 is supported by a retraction of the connecting link 60 in a corresponding device 200 on the guide roller 14.

The purpose of this striking is due to the fact that in the ultimately achieved lifting height (height for the assembly of the rotor blade 101 on the wind turbine 100), the connecting link 60 is laterally fixed by the guide roller 14 and the device 200, so that in this case on the Control cables 40 of the Yoke 30 can be controlled and positioned very precisely.

Since the hub height of the wind turbine 100 and thus the extended state of the boom system 11 is known, due to this knowledge, the guide roller 14 can be gebolzt in the appropriate height on the boom system to achieve a fixation of the connecting link 60. In order to be very free in the positioning of the guide roller 14, the mating connection elements are realized on the boom via clamping, bolt connections or other fixing mechanisms.

Since a certain horizontal diagonal pull α of the control cables 40 is sustainable (the yoke 30 must be designed), for each hub height of the wind turbine 100 will find a suitable Verbolzpunkt for the guide roller 14. The oblique pull α is desired because the connecting link 60 can be better kept in engagement thereby.

An embodiment of the guide roller 14 and the connecting link 60 is the schematic diagram of FIG. 3 as well as the corresponding sectional view in FIG. 4 refer to. The deflection roller 14 is rigidly positioned on the boom system 11 with its axis of rotation. At the deflection roller 14, the plate 200 is attached, the is mounted pivotably about the Umlenkrollenachse. The plate 200 also carries a retaining roller 201 which positions the plate 200 soft and damped by the hoist rope 50. If the plate is to be deflected, for example, to the right then increases the wrap angle of the hoisting rope 50 to the deflection roller 14. The tensile force acts in the hoist rope 50 as a restoring force.

The plate 200 has on its underside a stop plate 202 which does not completely surround the hoist rope 50. The center of the circular stop plate 202 lies on the longitudinal axis of the hoist rope 50.

The connecting link 60 also has a plate, the stop plate 300, whose shape corresponds to the stop plate 202 of the guide roller 14. The catching and holding process in as described below.

The connecting link 60 is taken by the hoisting Yoke 30 via the control cables 40. If the two stop plates 202, 300 approach each other, they are aligned with one another via the slide block 301 of the connecting link 60 until both stop plates 202, 300, as in FIG FIG. 4 explicitly shown to lie on top of each other. The system is now positively connected via the sliding block 301, so that forces can be transmitted from the control cables 40 of the slide block 301 on the stop plate 202 of the guide roller 14.

Furthermore, the connecting link 60 is still rotatable about the cable axis and can be aligned according to the control cable forces. In this case, the slide block 301 slides on the outside of the stopper plate 202 with the hoist rope 50 as a center.

Due to the large distance a of the guide rollers 302 to each other, held on stop connection link 60 can move only minimally perpendicular to the hoist rope 50 and thus guarantees a fixed point at which the control cables 40 of the Yokes 30 can attack. A precise and fast mounting of the rotor blade 101 is made possible.

The crane 10 according to the invention must continue to be able to lift heavy loads without major refitting. A particularly heavy load in the assembly of wind turbines 100, for example, represents the nacelle. The shearing of the hoist rope 50 on the hook block 23 is chosen accordingly, but in this extreme load case, the introduction of additional force in the guide cable portion 50a of the hoist rope 50 in the boom system 11th avoided as far as possible. For this reason, the hoist rope 50 is fixed at the end by a cable lock on the boom system 11. Depending on the type of load, the guide cable area 50a can be increased, reduced or recessed by the end-side variable mounting option.

For example, first, the nacelle of the wind turbine 100 is brought into the mounting position. For this purpose, the end of the hoist rope 50 is held on the cable lock at the upper end of the boom system 11. Due to the low windage surface, a guide cable portion 50a is not required.

Following this, yoke 30 is attached to hook hook 23. Here, the cable lock, at the end of the mounting part of the winch of the crane 10 is attached, pulled over the winch to the boom foot and hung.

Claims (16)

Crane with an indirectly / directly attached to the crane hoist rope hook and a hook attached to the hook for receiving a special load, in particular for receiving a rotor blade of a wind turbine,
characterized,
that the one or more controls of a load hook attached to the frame along a guide rope is guided portion of the Kranhubseils / are. Crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide cable portion of the hoist rope is formed by the return of the hoisting rope from a hook bottle via at least one deflection roller in the same direction as the boom longitudinal axis to the lower attachment point on the crane. Crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one guide roller in the guide cable area of the hoisting rope is mounted or mounted at a variable height on the crane boom. Crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one control element is a control cable and / or a timing chain and / or a spindle and / or a cylinder and / or a telescopic rod and / or an articulated link and / or a scissors-based element , Crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end-side attachment point of the hoisting cable is located on the articulation piece of the crane jib and / or on the luffing cylinder and / or on the revolving platform. Crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Hubseilende can be tacked or struck by means of a cable lock on the crane. Crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mounting cable is arranged on the Hubseilende or on the cable lock and the mounting member optionally via a winch, in particular the winch, up / unwound. Crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one deflection roller in the guide cable region has a device for catching or fixing the control element or elements, in particular for catching or fixing a connecting link. Crane according to claim 8, characterized in that said device comprises at least one pivotally mounted about the Umlenkrollenachse plate with at least one stop surface. Crane according to claim 9, characterized in that the stop surface is preferably arranged on the underside of the plate and the cable extends almost orthogonally through the abutment surface, in particular orthogonally through the surface center of the abutment surface. Crane according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the plate has at least one retaining roller for the damped guidance of the plate along the rope. Crane according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the connecting link used has at least one stop surface for catching or fixing the connecting link to the deflection roller with corresponding device. Crane according to claim 12, characterized in that in the region of the abutment surface of the connecting link a slide block is provided. Crane according to claim 12, characterized in that the connecting link is rotatable about the cable axis and the slide block slides in the captured or fixed state about the surface circumference of the stop surface of the guide roller. Guide roller with a device for catching and fixing at least one control element or a connecting link for a crane according to one of claims 1 to 14. Connecting link for a crane according to one of claims 1 to 14 suitable for catching and fixing on a deflection roller according to claim 15.

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