EP2364948B1 - Crane - Google Patents

Abstract

The crane has a hook block (51) comprising a load retaining unit i.e. load hook, and a lifting jack (52). The lifting jack has a control cable that is connected with a crane arm for securing and/or aligning load and/or load hook position. A hydraulic drive (54) is connected with the load hook in a detachable manner, and a guide rail has a slip joint for guiding the control cable at the crane arm. A guide cable for guiding the control cable is clamped parallel to a longitudinal axis of the crane, where the control cable is guided along a guide cable area of a crane hoist cable (12).

Description

The present invention relates to a crane, in particular a lattice boom crane, with a lower block with a load-receiving means, in particular a load hook.

When lifting large loads at high altitudes, the robustness of the lifting system against external influences, in particular attacking wind forces, plays a decisive role. The large loads to be lifted have a large area and thus offer the wind forces a large-area attack surface. The attacking forces cause the rocking of the load or the swinging of the hook, which can result in an unstable lifting system. For safety reasons, limits are defined for maximum permissible wind speeds, up to which a planned stroke may be executed at all.

The robustness of the system against the attacking wind forces is also a decisive criterion in the assembly of the recorded load at high altitude, since the most precise and stable alignment of the load in the mounting height is desirable here.

Since every single stroke or assembly causes significant equipment and operating costs, an objective in the development of such lifting systems on the expansion of the maximum allowable limits for wind speeds. If the limits can be made more flexible and tolerant, a planned hub can be carried out faster and less expensively.

One possible approach, which allows a secure alignment of the large and wind-prone loads in the assembly of wind turbines, in particular the recorded rotors or rotor blades, is known from the prior art. The DE 20 2006 015 189 U1 proposes the use of a frame for receiving a rotor blade, which is connected via a stabilizing guy stranding with the telescopic crane. However, the device disclosed therein specifically relates to the lift or assembly of rotor blades.

Object of the present invention is to prevent or minimize the rocking of the load or the swinging of the hook during the lifting work and in addition to provide a way for precise alignment of the load or the hook.

The above object is achieved by the combination of features of claim 1. Accordingly, in a crane, in particular a lattice boom crane, with a lower block with load-carrying means, in particular with a load hook, at least one winch is arranged on the lower block. The outgoing control cable of at least one winch is connected or connectable to the crane boom for securing and / or precise alignment of the load or the lower bottle position. With the help of the winch, the control cable is tensioned to prevent or minimize the rocking of the lower block or the swinging and twisting of the load attached to it. In addition, the lower bottle with the be attached by appropriate winch operation even in large mounting heights precisely aligned or positioned.

For better absorption of the forces, which are caused by the load and its alignment about a stationary axis, the roller head is preferably widened at the top of the crane jib. Consequently, the pulleys on the bottom block are made correspondingly wide. Due to the large distance between the two outer pulleys on the lower block is given a great resistance against twisting of the load and the lower cylinder relative to the roller head. The hoist rope of the crane is preferably reeved several times in the pulleys of the bottom block. The crane according to the invention is advantageously also executable as a crane with multiple rope operation.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, in each case a winch is arranged next to the outer side of the two outermost deflection rollers of the lower block. The resulting distance of the winches and the outgoing control cables to each other is maximum, which can be generated with low cable force a large moment for positioning or alignment of the lower block and the attached load. The attachment of the winches can be done on a laterally attached to the bottom block widening of the lower bottle. Preferably, said widening is releasably connected to the lower bottle. If the winches or the control cables are not used, they can be removed from the lower block together with the winches for reasons of space or weight.

On the support of the lower block is expediently a drive, in particular a hydraulic drive, arranged to supply at least one winch. The arrangement of the drive is conceivable centrally on the support of the lower block, in particular centrally between two or more winches. The drive preferably has an engine, a fuel tank, a hydraulic tank and a control device for the engine and the hydraulic lines.

Moreover, it is conceivable that a communication unit for remote control of the drive is provided. This is preferably arranged in the drive and communicates with the one or more control devices of the drive. By means of a corresponding remote control, the drive can thus be conveniently controlled from the ground or from the control console of the crane. Advantageously, the drive can be partially or completely removed from the lower block and then use this without drive. This may possibly be a necessary repositioning of the hoist to be avoided.

In order to always ensure a good angle of the control cables for aligning the lower block with attached load relative to the boom during crane operation, in particular variable lift heights of the lower block, it is advantageous if at least one control cable is slidably connected to the crane boom parallel to the boom longitudinal axis.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one guide cable is stretched parallel to the boom longitudinal axis. The outgoing control cable at least one winch is longitudinally displaceable connected to the guide cable or connected end. It is conceivable that one or more guide cables run over large parts of the arm parallel to its longitudinal axis. For example, at least one winch can be provided at the lower region of the jib, in particular at the jib foot, which clamps one or more guide ropes. The guide cable or the guide cables themselves are in turn fixed in the upper region of the boom in one or more fixed points on the boom. For winch control or power supply a supply and control unit is provided near the wind. Alternatively, the winch can also be arranged in the jib head or in the luffing jib for tensioning the guide wire or cables.

For displaceable attachment of at least one control cable on the boom or on the guide cable has this advantageously at its free end to a block which is provided with a roller. By means of the roller is at least one Control cable along the guide rope mounted displaceably parallel to the boom longitudinal axis.

Particularly preferred is a single guide cable without guying function of the boom foot almost parallel to the boom longitudinal axis stretched and attached to the end boom system. Almost parallel here means at least in the direction of the boom longitudinal axis.

It is also possible for the control cable (s) to be guided along a guide cable region of the crane lifting cable.

In an alternative embodiment of the crane according to the invention, the control cable (s) are fastened directly to the boom. There may be a guide rail with a sliding connection attached to the boom. Of course, the control cable can not be fixed either indirectly or directly on the crane boom. However, in this case can not be guaranteed at any time an optimal angle of the control cable to the boom.

In order to increase the precision of the Lastausrichtungsmöglichkeit, it is expedient to perform the hooks of the lower block movable or rotatable. Conceivable is a rotational movement of the load hook about its longitudinal axis. For this purpose, a hook drive is provided, whose power supply is preferably made available from the drive of the winches available. For example, the load hook is rotatably supported by means of a turntable relative to the lower block. The hook drive is therefore designed as a rotary drive, which is in communication with the turntable and performs the rotational movement.

It is possible that both the drive of the winches and the hook drive can be removed from the lower block. This provides, among other things, additional space savings as well as weight savings, which under given circumstances enables a more cost-effective lifting process.

The present invention further relates to a lower block for a crane, in particular for a lattice boom crane, according to one of the aforementioned features. As already explained above, the lower block according to the invention accordingly has at least one winch whose outgoing control cable can be connected to a crane jib. The drive for supplying the at least one winch expediently sits on the lower block.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a crane having a frame adapted to receive a specific load and attached to the load hook of the crane. The frame is preferably suitable for receiving a rotor blade for a wind turbine. However, the crane is not limited to the inclusion of a rotor blade. Rather, any load can be picked up with the help of the frame. For simplicity, the embodiment according to the second aspect of the invention will be explained below with reference to a frame for receiving a rotor blade.

Compared to the prior art, only a single guide cable is provided without guying function, which is stretched starting from the boom foot almost parallel to the longitudinal axis direction of the boom system and is fixed end to the boom system. The load in the boom is halved compared to the prior art, since now only a single guide rope is stretched. Also, the function of an optional bracing is not affected.

The boom system of the crane according to the second aspect of the invention may, for. B. consist of a telescopic boom, a jib and possibly a main boom extension.

The attached to the load hook frame for receiving a special load is connected via at least two control cables with the guide cable and thereby sufficiently stabilized.

Preferred embodiments of the crane according to another aspect of the invention will be explained in more detail in the following part of the description.

Regardless of the boom system used, the tensioned guide cable can be attached to the boom system at the end, depending on the application, at a variable height. Preferably, a fastening in sufficient proximity to the roller head of the boom system, so that a guide is ensured at least two control cables used over the entire lifting height. At lower lift heights, it is sufficient to tension the guide cable end to the corresponding area on the boom system.

The control cables are at least partially guided along the guide cable. The guide is expediently with the help of guide rollers or the like.

The introduced tension on the guide cable is advantageously carried out by means of a winch, which is preferably arranged in the region of the boom foot. Conveniently located in the region of the boom foot from the outset a power supply and a control connection with which the winch is coupled to the entire crane bus system or crane control system.

Advantageously, the winch is controlled synchronously by the crane control in response to a corresponding crane movement. A rocking movement of the luffing jib or a telescoping of the corresponding jib part necessitates a crane control-controlled skipping or winding-up of the guide rope with the aid of the winch. In addition, it is possible to provide the winch with a maximum Aufspulkraft. When the limit is exceeded, the winch automatically releases rope.

Alternatively, the winch can also be arranged indirectly or directly on the articulation piece and / or on the superstructure and / or on a luffing cylinder.

It proves useful in this context, when the winch is located almost on the line of symmetry of the boom system. The clamped guide cable thus runs on the plane of symmetry formed in the direction of the boom tip to the attachment point on the boom system. Due to the arrangement of the winch on the line of symmetry caused by the control cables side loads of the boom in contrast to the prior art is significantly lower. The only cantilever load only results from the applied compressive load of the guide rope on the cantilever system. The guide cable advantageously extends on the plane of symmetry on the boom side facing the load hook.

Advantageously, the control cables extend from the frame to the guide cable and are deflected in the region of the connection point with the guide cable by one or more deflection rollers.

The connection of the control cables with the guide cable is advantageously carried out via a connecting link. The connecting link comprises a double roller which either directly receives the control cables or is indirectly connected to the control cables via deflection rollers. The connecting link is guided over the double roller on the guide cable.

An advantage is the arrangement of one or more pulleys on the frame, through which the individual control cables are deflected. In this case, the force in the rope and the rope drive on the frame can be reduced.

Finally, one or more winches may be arranged on the frame to vary the tension of the control cables so as to keep the position of the frame stable.

In contrast to the prior art, by using the guide rope according to the second aspect of the invention, the load can now be aligned at a very good angle, even when using a long luffing jib. In this context, it should be noted that in the DE 20 2006 015 189 U1 main boom tension used to guide the control ropes runs behind the main boom and not behind the luffing jib. The lifting height, in which a stabilization of the recorded load is made possible by means of the control cables, is therefore limited to the area of the main boom bracing.

With the help of the illustrated technical teaching according to the second aspect of the invention, it is also conceivable to retrofit existing cranes accordingly. In this case, an existing arbitrarily executed crane can be retrofitted by attaching a winch in the region of the boom foot and the clamping of the guide cable parallel to the longitudinal axis of the boom system.

The invention further relates to a crane according to a third aspect, wherein the crane comprises a load hook attached indirectly / directly to the crane hoisting rope to which a frame for receiving a special load is attached. In particular, the frame is suitable for receiving a rotor blade of a wind turbine.

Such frames are referred to in the jargon as "yoke". This is a frame that takes the actual load gently and without damage. The connection between the load hook and the frame is suitably made via towing means. For aligning and stabilizing the Yokes this self-operating assemblies such. As winches, drives, equipment, etc ..

The frame used has at least two indirectly associated with the crane boom controls for adjusting, stabilizing and fine-alignment of the frame or the load recorded. According to the third aspect of the invention, it is now provided that the at least two control elements are guided along a guide cable region of the crane lifting cable. Accordingly, an area of the hoisting rope used is created which provides a guiding possibility for the connected control elements. The attachment of a separate guide rope is therefore superfluous. Separate winches with corresponding Hydraulic and electrical control to tension the or the separate guide cables are also unnecessary. The proposed solution significantly simplifies crane production and, moreover, is considerably cheaper than known designs.

The technical design of the crane according to the third aspect of the invention is independent of the type of main boom used. For example, it may be both a lattice boom and a telescopic boom.

Preferably, a portion of the hoisting rope is used as a guide rope area, which runs almost parallel to the boom longitudinal axis on the load-facing boom side. For this purpose, it may be expedient that the hoist rope is guided by the crane hook back to the boom and is stretched almost parallel to the boom longitudinal axis in the direction of the boom foot. Advantageously, the recirculated area of the hoist rope is used as the guide rope area.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the crane, the guide cable region of the hoist rope is formed by the hoist rope returned from the hook block in the direction of the boom, which extends from the hook block via at least one deflection roller on the boom in the direction of the boom longitudinal axis to the lower crane attachment point. Furthermore, at least one deflection roller is expediently arranged on the roller head of the jib tip. One or more pulleys may preferably be provided at any point of the boom. For example, on the main boom, on the boom extension or on the needle. For example, the hub height of a wind turbine to be mounted can be decisive.

Advantageously, at least one deflection roller in the guide cable area of the hoisting cable can be mounted or mounted at a variable height on the crane boom. The assembly of the deflection roller can be done, for example, in coordination with the target height of the load to be provided. The deflection roller is preferably bolted or fastened by means of clamping means on the crane.

One or more controls are particularly preferably designed as control cables. Accordingly, at least two control cables of the attached frame are guided along the guide cable portion of the hoisting cable. In principle, the use of a timing chain and / or a spindle and / or a cylinder and / or a telescopic rod and / or an articulated steering is conceivable. Furthermore, the use of a scissors-based element is conceivable. The embodiment is expedient for at least a part of the controls identical, but also any combination of the proposed embodiments is possible.

The end stop point of the returned hoist rope is preferably on the pivot piece of the crane jib. Optionally, the hoist rope can be struck at the end on the luffing cylinder or also on the revolving platform.

Advantageously, it can be provided that a cable lock is arranged on Hubseilende. About the cable lock the Hubseilende can be attacked or struck depending on the requirement profile at any point of the crane.

The handling of the Hubseilendes is preferably carried out with the help of one end of the hoist rope or rope lock arranged mounting part, which is accessible either from the crane footprint from or alternatively operated by a drive. It is conceivable to operate the mounting part by means of at least one winch, in particular to wind or unwind. As a mounting part, for example, an already existing mounting part of the winch can be used.

An advantageous embodiment of the crane according to the third aspect of the invention comprises at least one deflection roller arranged in the guide cable region of the hoisting cable and a device for catching or fixing at least one guided control element. The controls slide, in particular by means of a fixed connecting link, as a function of the lifting height along the guide cable region of the hoist cable. The device is used for fixing and stabilizing the control elements, in particular the connecting link, so that a precise control or fine adjustment of the frame can be ensured by means of the controls.

In particular, the deflection roller is arranged on the crane, so that the controls or the connecting link can be caught or fixed in the target lift height to be achieved. Preferably, a variably mounted on the boom deflection pulley designed the device for trapping and fixing. For example, the assembly of the deflection roller in the hub height range of a wind turbine to be mounted takes place. Particularly advantageous is the attachment of the said pulley on the boom just below the lift height to be achieved, so that a premature capture and fixing of the controls leads to a certain and advantageous diagonal pull of the controls. The diagonal pull reinforces the achieved fixation of the controls.

Preferably, the device of the deflection roller consists at least of a pivotally mounted about the Umlenkrollenachse plate having at least one stop surface. The pivotal mounting of the plate ensures a targeted alignment of the stop surface in response to the deflected by the pulley rope.

In particular, the abutment surface is arranged on the underside of the plate and the cable is guided orthogonal to the abutment surface through this. Particularly preferably, the cable runs orthogonally through the center of area of the stop surface. The vertical movement of the sliding on the rope controls can thus be limited by the stop surface to a maximum height.

The plate of the device preferably comprises at least one retaining roller which ensures a soft and damped positioning of the plate on the rope. This is particularly advantageous if the plate is deflected in any direction, thus resulting in increasing the Seilumschlingungswinkels the deflected rope on the pulley. The tensile force created in the rope acts as a restoring force and is damped by the plate due to the retaining roller. Advantageously, a connecting link is provided which is suitable for connecting at least one control element to the guide cable region of the hoisting cable. Preferably, the connecting link on at least one stop surface, which can be brought into abutment with the appropriate counter-stop surface of the deflection roller described above. By targeted striking between connecting link and pulley a fixation / stabilization of the connecting link on the pulley is achieved.

At least one sliding block is preferably provided in the region of the abutment surface of the connecting link. With the help of Gleitklotzes a targeted striking the two stop surfaces is ensured. Furthermore, the slide block in the captured position of the connecting link causes an improved positive connection between the guide roller and connecting link.

The connecting link is preferably designed to be rotatable about the cable axis of the hoist rope, so that the mobility of the controls is not or only slightly limited. In the trapped state of the connecting link, the sliding block preferably slides around the surface circumference of the abutment surface of the deflecting roller.

A fourth aspect of the invention further relates to a deflection roller with a device for catching and fixing at least one control element or a connecting link. The diverting pulley obviously has the same features and characteristics as the previous embodiment of the crane according to the third aspect of the invention, so that at this point a repeated discussion is omitted.

In a fifth aspect of the invention, a connecting link is further proposed which can be caught or fixed on a deflection roller with a corresponding device. The connecting link obviously has the same features and characteristics as the previous embodiment of the crane according to the third Aspect of the invention, which is why a repeated explanation is omitted here.

It is noteworthy in this context that the deflection roller and the connecting link can of course also be used on a separate non-assignable to the hoist rope guide rope of any crane.

Figur 1:

eine Seitenansicht eines Krans mit Gitterausleger in ausgerichteter Stel- lung mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Unterflasche,

Figur 2:

zwei Detailansichten der erfindungsgemäßen Unterflasche,

Figur 3:

zwei weitere Detaildarstellungen des erfindungsgemäßen Krans,

Figur 4:

eine Seitenansicht eines Fahrzeugkrans gemäß dem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung mit Teleskopausleger in ausgerichteter Stellung,

Figur 5:

eine Detailaufnahme des Verbindungspunkts zwischen Führungsseil und den Steuerseilen,

Figur 6:

eine Seitenansicht des Krans gemäß dem dritten Aspekt der Erfindung mit einem aufgenommenen Rotorblatt einer Windkraftanlage,

Figur 7:

eine Detaildarstellung des Rollenkopfes gemäß Figur 6,

Figur 8:

eine Prinzipdarstellung der Umlenkrolle gemäß dem vierten Aspekt der Erfindung mit einer Vorrichtung zum Einfangen der Verbindungskulisse in einer perspektivischen Ansicht und

Figur 9:

eine Schnittdarstellung der Vorrichtung aus Figur 8 mit eingefangener Verbindungskulisse.

Further features, details and advantages of the invention will now be described with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1:

3 a side view of a crane with lattice boom in aligned position with a lower bottle according to the invention,

FIG. 2:

two detailed views of the lower block according to the invention,

FIG. 3:

two further detailed representations of the crane according to the invention,

FIG. 4:

a side view of a vehicle crane according to the second aspect of the invention with telescopic boom in the aligned position,

FIG. 5:

a detailed view of the connection point between the guide cable and the control cables,

FIG. 6:

a side view of the crane according to the third aspect of the invention with a recorded rotor blade of a wind turbine,

FIG. 7:

a detailed view of the roller head according to FIG. 6 .

FIG. 8:

a schematic representation of the pulley according to the fourth aspect of the invention with a device for catching the connecting link in a perspective view and

FIG. 9:

a sectional view of the device FIG. 8 with trapped connecting link.

The Indian FIG. 1 shown lattice boom crane 1 has in a conventional manner a two-part boom 11, which is tiltable with the aid of a luffing gear about a horizontal rocking axis. The reference numerals used below refer exclusively to the FIGS. 1 to 3 , Behind the main boom 11, a rear-facing thickening boom is mounted. The bracing of the boom 11 is realized by means of the guy rods 2.

At least one hoist rope 12 is guided over one or more pulleys of the roller head 10 over the tip of the boom 11 and sheared several times in the guide rollers 50 of the lower block 51. In order to better absorb the forces caused by the load and its alignment about a standing axis, the roller head 10 is widened at the top of the boom 11. According to the design of the roller head 10 and the guide rollers 50 of the lower block 51 are arranged correspondingly spaced from each other, so that a nearly vertical course of the hoisting rope 12 is ensured. In principle, a design of the crane 1 according to the invention in multiple rope operation is conceivable. Due to the large distance between the two outer deflection rollers 50 of the lower block 51, a large resistance against twisting of the load and the lower block 51 is achieved with respect to the roller head.

To further stabilize the position of the lower block 51 and the load or to realize an actively adjustable positioning of the lower block 51, this invention is equipped with the two control winches 52.

The FIGS. 2a and 2b show detailed shots of the lower block 51 of the invention. The lower block 51 is widened in the outer side region by selectively laterally mounted support to the two control winds 52 next to the outer deflection rollers 50 of the lower block 51 to order. By the relative distance of the winds 52 to each other and the corresponding spaced course of the two control cables 53 can be applied with low cable force a large moment for positioning or alignment of the lower block 51 and the load attached thereto. The laterally mounted support for broadening on the outer region of the lower block 51 are preferably detachably attached to the lower block 51 and can be selectively connected to this or separated from it.

Centered on the support of the lower block 51, the drive 54 of the control winds 52 is mounted, so that a self-sufficient supply of the two winds 52 is ensured. The drive 54, also referred to in the concrete embodiment as a "power pack", has an engine, fuel or a fuel tank, a hydraulic tank, and a control device for controlling the motor and the hydraulic lines. For remote operation of the winch drive 54 or of the "power pack", a communication unit is provided thereon, which communicates the control commands transmitted by the remote control to the respective control devices for activating the motor and the hydraulic lines.

In order to ensure the most flexible possible operation of the lower block 51, the "power pack" or the drive 54 can only be mounted on the support of the lower block 51 when needed. If the stabilization of the lower block 51 according to the invention by means of its winches 52 and its outgoing control cables 53 is not required, the entire drive 54 and the corresponding winches 52 can be disassembled from the lower block on their widenings, whereby the lower block 51 is known from the prior art Lower bottle corresponds.

To generate a rotational movement of the load hook 70 about its axis of rotation A, it is rotatably mounted on the lower block 51 via a turntable 72. About the rotary drive 73, a rotational torque for generating the rotational movement of the load hook 70 is generated about its axis of rotation A. The drive of the drive 73 and its power supply is also via the "power pack" of the drive 54. Consequently, the remote control of the movement of the load hook is also ensured.

Since the lattice boom crane 1 from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 does not have realized via ropes relaxation, one or more separate guide cables 31 are required. These are how FIG. 3b can be seen, at least over large parts of the boom 11 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the boom 11. At the boom foot at least one winch 30 is provided, which spans the guide cable 31 over the boom area up to a fixed point 32. Preferably, the fixed point 32 is set in the region of the boom head. For driving and supplying the winch 30, a supply and control unit 33 is provided. Alternatively, the fixed point 32 can also be defined on the boom foot, and the respective winch or winch 30 for tensioning the guide cable 31 are correspondingly mounted in the boom head area.

According to FIG. 3a have the expiring of the winds 52 control cables 53 at its free end on a block 54 which is equipped with a roller 55. The control cables 53 are thus attached via the block 54 to a single or a plurality of separate guide cables 31 on the boom 11, so that a longitudinally displaceable storage by means of the roller 55 of the control cables 53 along the longitudinal axis of the boom 11 is made possible. This ensures that, even with variable height of the lower block 51, an optimum angle of the control cables 53 relative to the boom 11 for aligning the lower cylinder 51 with the load is always present.

In an alternative embodiment of the lattice boom crane 1 according to the invention, the individual guide cables 31 are replaced by corresponding guide rails. Here, the control cables 53 are attached via a corresponding sliding connection with the guide rail on the boom, whereby also a longitudinally displaceable arrangement of the control cables 53 on the boom 11 is ensured.

The control cables 53 can also be multi-stranded. As a result, the cable cross-section can be reduced.

The lattice boom crane 1 according to the invention has on the one hand by the widened design of the roller head 10 at the top of the boom 11, and the correspondingly increased distance between the pulleys 50 on the lower block 51 a greater resistance to rotation of the load due to the wind speeds occurring. On the other hand is achieved by the inventive arrangement of one or more winds 52 with corresponding control cables 53 on the lower block 51 a more stable and influenced orientation or positioning of the lower block 51 and the attached load.

The Indian FIG. 4 shown vehicle crane 1 has in a conventional manner designed as a truck undercarriage 2, on which a rotatable about an upright axle superstructure 3 is mounted. The reference numerals used below refer exclusively to the FIGS. 4 and 5 , The uppercarriage 3 carries a cantilevered about a horizontal axis boom system 14, which has a hinged to the uppercarriage 3 articulated section 4 and several austeleskopierbare telescopic shots. At the innermost telescopic section of the main boom 5 a tiltable lattice tip 6 is arranged, which can be connected via lattice pieces. The main boom 5 is braced by means of a bracing 7, which is designed as a spatial, known Y-bracing.

A hoist rope 22 is guided over a pulley 9 on the luffing tip 6 and carries a load hook 21. The load hook 21 is a frame 15 attached, which serves to receive a rotor blade not shown here a wind turbine.

To stabilize the frame 15, in particular during assembly of the rotor blade on the wind rotor hub, only a single winch 10 is now provided, which is located almost on the line of symmetry of the boom system 14. This is directly attached to the pivot piece 4 of the main boom 5 and is by coupled the proposed power supply and the control connection to the central crane system. The control of the winch 10 takes place, for example, starting from the crane control via the bus system.

Starting from the winch 10, the guide cable 13 extends to the outer region of the boom system 14. The outer end of the cable 13 can be flexibly attached to any position of the boom system 14 depending on the application. In the illustrated embodiment of the FIG. 4 the guide cable 13 is fixedly arranged on the luffing tip 6 near the region of the deflection roller 9.

Depending on the successful crane movement, such as a rocking of the luffing tip 6 or a Austeleskopieren the main boom 5 of the boom system 14, the winch 10 is controlled synchronously by the controller. Furthermore, a maximum winding force is defined for the winch 10. If the permissible winding force of the winch is exceeded, the winch automatically releases rope.

Starting from the frame 15, the two control cables 16, 17 extend in the direction of the guide cable 13. To connect the control cables 16, 17 with the guide cable 13 is the connecting link 20, which the detail representation in FIG. 5 can be seen. The connecting link 20 has a double roller 25, which is guided along the guide cable 13. Symmetrical to the double roller 25, the two pulleys 26, 27 are movably attached to the connecting link. By the deflection rollers 26, 27, the control cables 16, 17 are deflected and guided back to the frame 15.

On the frame itself, the control cables 16, 17 are deflected by further deflection rollers and controlled by a corresponding winch drive. About the winch drive on the frame 15, the control cables 16, 17 control accordingly to stabilize or readjust the horizontal position of the frame 15 in the lifting height. The use of the individual pulleys ensures a reduction in force in the rope and the cable drive of the frame 15.

At this point, it should be expressly mentioned that the invention is not limited to the inclusion of a rotor blade. About the frame 15 can be accommodated any suitable in the receptacle of the frame 15 load.

The use of a single guide cable greatly reduces the influence of the control cables 16, 17 on the boom system 14 as compared to prior art solutions. Furthermore, the symmetrical arrangement of the winch 10, as well as the course of the guide cable 13 along the plane of symmetry of the boom system 14 has the decisive advantage that the lateral load on the boom system 14 is largely prevented. The previous known embodiments, which rely on a plurality of guide cables or on the use of existing bracing, have the disadvantage that the guide cables extend laterally outside the boom system 14 outside the plane of symmetry. This has a significant side load of the boom system 14 in an uneven force of the control cables on the corresponding guide cables.

FIG. 6 shows a crane assembly 10 for the installation of wind turbines 100. The reference numerals used below refer exclusively to the figures 6 to 9. The specific embodiment of the crane body 10, in particular of the boom system 11, is irrelevant to the invention. The idea according to the invention can basically be used with any type of cantilever system 11, such as, for example, a lattice boom crane and a telescopic crane.

At the load hook 20, a yoke 30 is attached via the towbar 21. The yoke 30 includes a frame that receives a rotor blade 101 of the wind turbine 100 to be lifted gently and without damage. Further, the yoke 30 includes a number of self-operating assemblies, such as winches, drives, resources that serve to operate the outgoing control cables 40, among other things.

The control cables 40 are connected for adjusting and stabilizing the yoke 30 indirectly with the boom system 11. In contrast to the prior art, no additional guide cable is clamped on the boom system 11 as a guide possibility of the control cables 40. To simplify the crane construction and in the course of cost minimization, the hoist rope 50 of the crane 10 is used instead.

The hoist rope 50 extends from the roller head 12 to the hook bottle 23 to be guided back to the boom system 11 after load-dependent reeving on the hook block 23. Specifically, the rope course of the hoist rope 50 returning from the hook block 23 is determined by the deflection roller 13 arranged on the roller head 12 and the deflection roller 14 mounted on the rotor hub height on the boom system 11. The end of the hoist rope is struck at the lower attachment point, not shown, which is in dependence on the given lifting conditions or the crane body on the pivot piece, rocker cylinder or on the crane turning platform. In the illustrated drawing, the portion 50a of the hoisting rope 50, which extends from the pulley 14 to the lower pivot point nearly parallel to the boom axis, is used as the guide rope portion 50a.

An enlarged view of the Rolllenkopfs 12 is the FIG. 7 refer to. This gives once again an exact overview of the specific rope course of the hoist rope 50 on the roller head 12th

If the yoke 30 together with the rotor blade 101 hangs on the hook block 23, sufficient tension of the hoist rope 50 in the guide rope area 50a results. Already the assembly of the rotor blade 101 on the wind turbine 100 leads to a substantial reduction of the lifting load. This has an immediate effect on the tensile force in the hoist rope 50 and consequently on the tension in the guide rope area 50a. At the same time but also eliminates a large part of the wind attack surface, so that the hoist rope tension is sufficient to avoid dangerous twisting when relieved yoke 30.

The number of shearing the hoist rope 50 on the hook bottle 23 is selected depending on the Yokes 30 used. It is possible to use Yokes with different physical dimensions, which are specially designed for different rotor blades with different geometrical dimensions and weights. For the reeving the total weight of yoke 30, hook bottle 23 and recorded rotor blade 101 must be considered. The number of shearing reduces the pulling force on the hoisting rope. This is necessary in order to prevent the tensile force in the rope from being higher than permissible. In area 50a, this effect is undesirable, albeit immutable.

The deflection roller 14 is mounted on the boom system 11 just below the target height (hub height) to be reached by the Yoke upper edge. Even before the yoke 30 reaches the target height, the control cables 40, which run along the guide cable region 50a of the hoisting cable 50 by means of connecting link 60, abut against the specially designed deflection roller 14. The selective striking of the connecting link 60 on the deflection roller 14 is supported by a retraction of the connecting link 60 in a corresponding device 200 on the guide roller 14.

The purpose of this striking is due to the fact that in the ultimately achieved lifting height (height for the assembly of the rotor blade 101 on the wind turbine 100), the connecting link 60 is laterally fixed by the guide roller 14 and the device 200, so that in this case on the Control cables 40 of the Yoke 30 can be controlled and positioned very precisely.

Since the hub height of the wind turbine 100 and thus the extended state of the boom system 11 is known, due to this knowledge, the guide roller 14 can be gebolzt in the appropriate height on the boom system to achieve a fixation of the connecting link 60. In order to be very free in the positioning of the guide roller 14, the mating connection elements are realized on the boom via clamping, bolt connections or other fixing mechanisms.

Since a certain horizontal diagonal pull α of the control cables 40 is sustainable (the yoke 30 must be designed), for each hub height of the wind turbine 100 will find a suitable Verbolzpunkt for the guide roller 14. The oblique pull α is desired because the connecting link 60 can be better kept in engagement thereby.

An embodiment of the guide roller 14 and the connecting link 60 is the schematic diagram of FIG. 8 as well as the corresponding sectional view in FIG. 9 refer to. The deflection roller 14 is rigidly positioned on the boom system 11 with its axis of rotation. At the deflection roller 14, the plate 200 is attached, which is pivotally mounted about the Umlenkrollenachse. The plate 200 also carries a retaining roller 201 which positions the plate 200 soft and damped by the hoist rope 50. If the plate is to be deflected, for example, to the right then increases the wrap angle of the hoisting rope 50 to the deflection roller 14. The tensile force acts in the hoist rope 50 as a restoring force.

The plate 200 has on its underside a stop plate 202 which does not completely surround the hoist rope 50. The center of the circular stop plate 202 lies on the longitudinal axis of the hoist rope 50.

The connecting link 60 also has a plate, the stop plate 300, whose shape corresponds to the stop plate 202 of the guide roller 14. The catching and holding process in as described below.

The connecting link 60 is taken by the hoisting Yoke 30 via the control cables 40. If the two stop plates 202, 300 approach each other, they are aligned with one another via the slide block 301 of the connecting link 60 until both stop plates 202, 300, as in FIG FIG. 9 explicitly shown to lie on top of each other. The system is now positively connected via the sliding block 301, so that forces can be transmitted from the control cables 40 of the slide block 301 on the stop plate 202 of the guide roller 14.

Furthermore, the connecting link 60 is still rotatable about the cable axis and can be aligned according to the control cable forces. In this case, the slide block 301 slides on the outside of the stopper plate 202 with the hoist rope 50 as a center.

Due to the large distance a of the guide rollers 302 to each other, held on stop connection link 60 can move only minimally perpendicular to the hoist rope 50 and thus guarantees a fixed point at which the control cables 40 of the Yokes 30 can attack. A precise and fast mounting of the rotor blade 101 is made possible.

The crane 10 according to the invention must continue to be able to lift heavy loads without major refitting. A particularly heavy load in the assembly of wind turbines 100, for example, represents the nacelle. The shearing of the hoist rope 50 on the hook block 23 is chosen accordingly, but in this extreme load case, the introduction of additional force in the guide cable portion 50a of the hoist rope 50 in the boom system 11th avoided as far as possible. For this reason, the hoist rope 50 is fixed at the end by a cable lock on the boom system 11. Depending on the type of load, the guide cable area 50a can be increased, reduced or recessed by the end-side variable mounting option.

For example, first, the nacelle of the wind turbine 100 is brought into the mounting position. For this purpose, the end of the hoist rope 50 is held on the cable lock at the upper end of the boom system 11. Due to the low windage surface, a guide cable portion 50a is not required.

Following this, yoke 30 is attached to hook hook 23. Here, the cable lock, at the end of the mounting part of the winch of the crane 10 is attached, pulled over the winch to the boom foot and hung.

Claims (14)

1. Crane (1), in particular a lattice mast crane, having a bottom hook block (51) with a load suspension means, in particular a load hook (21),
   characterised in that
   the bottom hook block (51) comprises at least one winch (10), of which the outgoing control rope (16, 17) is connected or is connectable to the crane boom to secure and/or align the load position or bottom hook block position.
2. Crane (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that a drive, in particular a hydraulic drive, is arranged for powering the at least one winch (10) on the bottom hook block (51).
3. Crane according to claim 2, characterised in that the drive comprises a communication unit for the remote control of the drive.
4. Crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one control rope (16, 17) is displaceably connected or connectable to the crane boom almost parallel to the longitudinal boom axis.
5. Crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one guide rope for guiding at least one control rope (16, 17) is tensioned almost parallel to the longitudinal axis of the boom.
6. Crane according to claim 5, characterised in that the guide rope is fastened at a fixed point to the boom, in particular to the boom head, and can be tensioned by at
   least one control winch.
7. Crane according to either claim 5 or claim 6, characterised in that a single guide rope is tensioned without any guying function from the boom foot almost parallel to the longitudinal boom axis and is fastened at the end to the boom system.
8. Crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control rope(s) (16, 17) is/are guided along a guide rope region of the crane hoisting rope.
9. Crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one control rope (16, 17) has a block with a roller at its free end.
10. Crane according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a guide rail is arranged with a sliding connection for guiding the control rope (16, 17) at the boom.
11. Crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the load hook of the bottom hook block is rotatable by means of a hook drive.
12. Crane according to claim 11, characterised in that the drive is releasably connected to the bottom hook block.
13. Crane according to either claim 11 or claim 12, characterised in that the winches are releasably connected to the bottom hook block.
14. Bottom hook block for a crane according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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