EP2450329B1 - Charge d'amorcage comprenant un composé de tétrazol - Google Patents

Charge d'amorcage comprenant un composé de tétrazol Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2450329B1
EP2450329B1 EP11008768.1A EP11008768A EP2450329B1 EP 2450329 B1 EP2450329 B1 EP 2450329B1 EP 11008768 A EP11008768 A EP 11008768A EP 2450329 B1 EP2450329 B1 EP 2450329B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
explosive
ion
ligand
counterion
complex salt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11008768.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2450329A2 (fr
EP2450329A3 (fr
Inventor
Arno Hahma
Eero Karvinen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2450329A2 publication Critical patent/EP2450329A2/fr
Publication of EP2450329A3 publication Critical patent/EP2450329A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2450329B1 publication Critical patent/EP2450329B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B41/00—Compositions containing a nitrated metallo-organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Clearsprengstoffsatz and the use of a complex salt as initial explosive.
  • the EP 0 733 520 A1 discloses a gas generator for an airbag comprising a tetrazole compound such as 5-aminotetrazole, tetrazole, bitetrazole and metal salts of these compounds and an oxidizing agent such as a nitrogen oxide or a metal or metal oxide such as copper oxide.
  • a preferred composition comprises aminotetrazole combined with copper oxide, sodium nitrate, guanidine nitrate, mica and calcium stearate.
  • B2 is a lead-free initial explosive of the formula [M II (A) R (B X ) S ] (C Y ) T known.
  • M is cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, nickel or zinc.
  • A is 1,5-diaminotetrazole ("DAT”).
  • B is water, 5-aminotetrazole ("AT”), 5-aminotetrazolate ("AT - “), 5-nitrotetrazolate ("NT - "), 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate (“DNT - "), 5-azido-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolate (“ ANT - "), azide (“ N 3 - ”) or nitrate (“ NO 3 - ").
  • C is AT -, ANT -, DNT -, NO 3 -, N 3 -, NT -, perchlorate, Tetraazidoborat, dinitramide, nitro format, 5,5'-diazido-2,2'-azo-1,3,4- triazolate, 5,5'-dinitro-2,2'-azo-1,3,4-triazolate, 4,4 ', 5,5'-tetranitro-2,2'-biimidazolate or 5,5'-azotetrazolate.
  • R is 5 or 6, S is 0 or 1, T is 1 or 2; X is 0 or -1; Y is -1 or -2, X + Y is -2 and R + S is 6.
  • detonators are always multi-level. They have at least two, but usually three to five stages. Each of these stages must be assembled and pressed separately. As a result, the number of possible errors in the production and the cost and cost of production are relatively high. However, there are so far no initial explosives known whose ignition performance would be sufficient to provide a single-stage igniter can.
  • tetracene To set the sensitivity of initial explosives usually tetracene is used. However, tetracene is thermally very unstable. It already decomposes at 120 ° C. Each year 2 to 5% of the tetrazole decomposes under normal conditions Storage conditions of an explosive. This changes the properties of a explosive containing tetracene. In addition, the addition of tetracene reduces the ignition performance of an explosive. If lead azide and / or lead ricinate are added to make up the balance, the explosive becomes thermally unstable and contains lead. Tetrazene therefore does not allow the production of a lead-free initial explosive. Even the diazole used as a substitute decomposes at 150 ° C. When stored, it decomposes in such a way that it is no longer possible to guarantee safe use after 5 to 10 years.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an explosive which can be used as an initial explosive and which in particular can provide a sufficient ignition performance to enable a single-stage igniter structure.
  • the explosive should not require tetrazene or complex compound mixtures to achieve the required sensitivity and ignition performance.
  • the explosives should be more stable in storage than hitherto known, in particular tetracene-containing, explosives.
  • a use of the explosive should be specified.
  • an initial explosive kit comprising a complex salt which comprises 5-aminotetrazole as ligand, a ligand potentially oxidizing or an energetic ion and a ligand complexed counterion, the counterion being a metal ion, wherein the explosive contains no silver-containing complex salt.
  • the ligands potentially oxidizing ion is an ion that is capable of oxidizing the ligand in a redox reaction.
  • the inventors of the explosive of the present invention have found that said complex salt exhibits very high performance.
  • the explosive according to the invention can be used both as an initial explosive and as a secondary explosive. It is high energy and more energetic than many conventional initiators and secondary explosives.
  • the density of the complex salt can even exceed 2,000 kg / m 3 and the detonation pressure of the explosive according to the invention in individual cases, the detonation pressure of hexogen.
  • the ignition performance of the explosive according to the invention is relatively high. It is higher than the ignition performance of lead azide and enables the provision of a single-stage lead-free igniter. Due to the high ignition performance can be provided with the explosive even a miniaturized single-stage igniter.
  • the explosive according to the invention also has an extremely small critical diameter. The critical diameter is the minimum diameter of an explosive in which it still detonates.
  • the explosive of the invention is neutral, d. H. neither sour nor basic. Therefore, it is compatible with both acidic and basic compounds, especially secondary explosives, d. H. There are no decomposition reactions with other explosives during storage. The complex salt is also extremely difficult to dissolve. This also avoids an unwanted decomposition reaction with other explosives.
  • the explosive according to the invention in particular in comparison to tetrazene, can be mixed or brought into contact with a large number of conventional explosives, in particular secondary explosives, without causing a decomposition reaction. In the design of explosives this results in greater freedom in terms of their composition.
  • Another significant advantage of the explosive according to the invention is that it can be prepared very easily and from aqueous solution by precipitation. As a result, the investment costs for production plants are low.
  • the explosive of the present invention is not photosensitive because it does not contain a silver-containing complex salt. It can therefore be handled without major precautions. This makes its production easy.
  • the shelf life of the explosive-containing active agents according to the invention is high.
  • the explosive according to the invention has proven to be laser-sensitive. As a result, it is suitable for the construction of so-called laser igniters, ie igniters in which the initial explosive is ignited by a laser beam.
  • the inventors have found that the properties of an explosive containing the explosive of the present invention can be adjusted by the choice of the amount of explosive, the choice of counterion and the choice of potentially oxidizing or energetic ionic ligand.
  • the sensitivity of the explosive according to the invention can also be adjusted by the choice of counterion and the choice of the ligand potentially oxidizing or of the energetic ion.
  • the sensitivity in particular the laser sensitivity, can be adapted to the intended application. It is not necessary to add potassium chlorate, any other chlorate or perchlorate, as is customary with conventional sensitivity-adjusting explosives.
  • the explosive is preferably a single-stage initial explosive. Since the explosive according to the invention is laser-sensitive, it is particularly suitable as an explosive to be ignited by a laser beam.
  • the counterion can be a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, La, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn, Co, Mn, Cd, In, Al, Cr, Yb, Y, or Gd ion act.
  • the ligand potentially oxidizing or the energetic ion can be a perchlorate, chlorate, bromate, iodate, periodate, persulphate, trinitromethanate, dinitromethanate, chromate, dichromate, nitrate, dinitramine, permanganate, Nitrotetrazolate, nitriminotetrazolate, bistetrazolate, bistetrazolyltriazenate, bistetrazolylamine, azotetrazolate or azide ion.
  • an explosive comprising a mixture of at least two different explosives, each of the different Explosives one of the explosives of the invention mentioned so far. Mixing these different explosives makes it easy to adjust the sensitivity and performance of primers without the addition of foreign matter. It is advantageous if each of the different explosives is such a complex salt, as specified for the explosive according to the invention. Then, the overall composition of the mixture does not change due to ion exchange reactions occurring over time. As a result, the properties of the mixture, such as sensitivity and ignition performance, remain constant even during long storage. As a result, the reliability of the explosive compared to an explosive mixture of very different substances is significantly increased.
  • the invention relates to the use of a complex salt which comprises 5-aminotetrazole as ligand, a ligand potentially oxidizing or an energetic ion and a ligand complexed counterion, as initiating explosive, wherein the counterion is a metal ion, wherein the explosive is not a silver-containing complex salt contains.
  • the counterion can be a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, La, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn, Co, Mn, Cd, In, Al, Cr, Yb, Y, or Gd ion.
  • the ligand potentially oxidizing or the energetic ion may be a perchlorate, chlorate, bromate, iodate, periodate, persulphate, trinitromethanate, dinitromethanate, chromate, dichromate, nitrate, dinitramine, , Permanganate, nitrotetrazolate, nitriminotetrazolate, bistetrazolate, bistetrazolyltriazenate, bistetrazolylamine, azotetrazolate or azide ion.
  • Particularly advantageous is the use of a mixture as an explosive, wherein the mixture comprises at least two different explosives, each of the different explosives is an explosive according to the invention.
  • each of the different explosives is such a complex salt as specified for the explosive of the present invention.
  • the explosive can be a one-stage initial explosive.
  • the explosive is preferably an explosive for ignition by a laser beam. The invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Ensemble explosif initial comprenant un sel complexe, qui comprend du 5-aminotétrazole en tant que ligand, un ion oxydant potentiellement le ligand ou énergétique et un contre-ion complexé par le ligand, le contre-ion étant un ion métallique, l'explosif ne contenant pas de sel complexe contenant de l'argent.
  2. Ensemble explosif initial selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'explosif initial est un explosif initial à un niveau.
  3. Ensemble explosif initial selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel l'explosif est un explosif à allumer par un faisceau laser.
  4. Ensemble explosif initial selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le contre-ion est un ion Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, La, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn, Co, Mn, Cd, In, Al, Cr, Yb, Y ou Gd.
  5. Ensemble explosif initial selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'ion oxydant potentiellement le ligand ou énergétique est un ion perchlorate, chlorate, bromate, iodate, periodate, persulfate, trinitrométhanate, dinitrométhanate, chromate, dichromate, nitrate, dinitramine, permanganate, nitrotétrazolate, nitriminotétrazolate, bistétrazolate, bistétrazolyltriazénate, bistétrazolylamine, azotétrazolate ou azide.
  6. Ensemble explosif initial comprenant un mélange d'au moins deux explosifs différents, chacun des explosifs différents étant un explosif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  7. Ensemble explosif initial selon la revendication 6, dans lequel chacun des explosifs différents est un sel complexe tel que spécifié dans les revendications 1 à 5.
  8. Utilisation d'un sel complexe, qui comprend du 5-aminotétrazole en tant que ligand, un ion oxydant potentiellement le ligand ou énergétique et un contre-ion complexé par le ligand, en tant qu'explosif initial, le contre-ion étant un ion métallique, l'explosif ne contenant pas de sel complexe contenant de l'argent.
  9. Utilisation selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle le contre-ion est un ion Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, La, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn, Co, Mn, Cd, In, Al, Cr, Yb, Y ou Gd.
  10. Utilisation selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans laquelle l'ion oxydant potentiellement le ligand ou énergétique est un ion perchlorate, chlorate, bromate, iodate, periodate, persulfate, trinitrométhanate, dinitrométhanate, chromate, dichromate, nitrate, dinitramine, permanganate, nitrotétrazolate, nitriminotétrazolate, bistétrazolate, bistétrazolyltriazénate, bistétrazolylamine, azotétrazolate ou azide.
  11. Utilisation d'un mélange en tant qu'explosif, le mélange comprenant au moins deux explosifs différents, chacun des explosifs différents étant un explosif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5.
  12. Utilisation selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle chacun des explosifs différents est un sel complexe tel que spécifié dans les revendications 1 à 5.
  13. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 12, dans laquelle l'explosif initial est un explosif initial à un niveau.
  14. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 13, dans laquelle l'explosif est un explosif à allumer par un faisceau laser.
EP11008768.1A 2010-11-09 2011-11-03 Charge d'amorcage comprenant un composé de tétrazol Not-in-force EP2450329B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010050862A DE102010050862A1 (de) 2010-11-09 2010-11-09 Sprengstoff umfassend eine Tetrazolverbindung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2450329A2 EP2450329A2 (fr) 2012-05-09
EP2450329A3 EP2450329A3 (fr) 2015-12-16
EP2450329B1 true EP2450329B1 (fr) 2018-01-03

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11008768.1A Not-in-force EP2450329B1 (fr) 2010-11-09 2011-11-03 Charge d'amorcage comprenant un composé de tétrazol

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2450329B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010050862A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL216208B (fr)
NO (1) NO2450329T3 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201108145B (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103319291B (zh) * 2013-06-26 2015-12-02 北京理工大学 一种绿色起爆药叠氮肼铜的制备方法
ES2933974T3 (es) 2016-07-11 2023-02-15 Dynitec Gmbh Explosivos iniciadores o mezclas de explosivos iniciadores sin plomo
CN112280055A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-01-29 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 一种由1064nm激光直接起爆的镉基含能金属有机框架、制备方法及应用

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3734789A (en) * 1969-11-28 1973-05-22 Us Navy Gas generating solid propellant containing 5-aminotetrazole nitrate
US5197758A (en) * 1991-10-09 1993-03-30 Morton International, Inc. Non-azide gas generant formulation, method, and apparatus
US5613705A (en) 1995-03-24 1997-03-25 Morton International, Inc. Airbag inflator having a housing protected from high-temperature reactive generated gases
US6077371A (en) * 1997-02-10 2000-06-20 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Gas generants comprising transition metal nitrite complexes
US6277221B1 (en) * 1999-04-13 2001-08-21 Atlantic Research Corporation Propellant compositions with salts and complexes of lanthanide and rare earth elements
JP2001278868A (ja) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-10 Otsuka Chem Co Ltd 中性配位子含有化合物
US6958101B2 (en) * 2003-04-11 2005-10-25 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Substituted basic metal nitrates in gas generation
US20060289096A1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2006-12-28 Mendenhall Ivan V Extrudable gas generant
FR2891822B1 (fr) * 2005-10-11 2008-02-15 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Sa Complexes bi-metalliques riches en oxygene, leur preparation et compositions pyrotechniques les renfermant
US7592462B2 (en) * 2007-02-15 2009-09-22 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Explosive complexes

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2450329A2 (fr) 2012-05-09
ZA201108145B (en) 2012-07-25
DE102010050862A1 (de) 2012-05-10
NO2450329T3 (fr) 2018-06-02
IL216208B (en) 2018-10-31
IL216208A0 (en) 2012-02-29
EP2450329A3 (fr) 2015-12-16

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