Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/14—Vasoprotectives; Antihaemorrhoidals; Drugs for varicose therapy; Capillary stabilisers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• the invention relates to novel substituted piperidines, processes for their preparation, their use for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases and their use for the preparation of medicaments for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases and tumor diseases.
• Platelets are a major factor in both hemostasis and thromboembolic disorders. Particularly in the arterial system, platelets are of central importance in the complex interaction between blood components and the vessel wall. Adverse platelet activation can lead to thromboembolic disease and thrombotic complications with life-threatening conditions by the formation of platelet-rich thrombi.
• thrombin blood coagulation protease thrombin, which is formed on injured blood vessel walls and, in addition to fibrin formation, activates platelets, endothelial cells and mesenchymal cells (Vu TKH, Hung DT, Wheaton VI, Coughlin SR, Cell 1991, 64, 1057-1068 ).
• thrombin inhibitors inhibit platelet aggregation or the formation of platelet-rich thrombi.
• arterial thrombosis can be successfully prevented or treated with inhibitors of platelet function as well as thrombin inhibitors (Bhatt DL, Topol EJ, Nat., Rev. Drug Discov., 2003, 2, 15-28).
• platelet thrombin antagonists are highly likely to reduce the formation of thrombi and the onset of clinical consequences such as myocardial infarction and stroke.
• Further cellular thrombin effects e.g. vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, leukocytes and fibroblasts may be responsible for inflammatory and proliferative disorders.
• thrombin The cellular effects of thrombin are mediated, at least in part, via a family of G protein-coupled receptors (PARs) whose prototype is the PAR-1 receptor.
• PAR-I is activated by binding of thrombin and proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular N-terminus. Proteolysis reveals a new N-terminus with the amino acid sequence SFLLRN ..., which acts as an agonist ("tethered ligand") for intramolecular receptor activation and transmission of intracellular signals.
• Peptides derived from the tethered ligand sequence can be used as agonists of the receptor
• Other proteases are also capable of activating PAR-I, including, for example, plasmin, factor VIIa, factor Xa, trypsin, activated protein C (aPC), tryptase, cathepsin G, proteinase 3 , Granzyme A, elastase and matrix metalloprotease 1 (MMP-I).
• MMP-I matrix metalloprotease 1
• a blockade of the PAR-I should lead to the inhibition of platelet activation without reducing the coagulation ability of the blood (anticoagulation).
• Antibodies and other selective PAR-1 antagonists inhibit thrombin-induced aggregation of platelets in vitro at low to medium thrombin concentrations
• PAR-4 Another thrombin receptor of potential importance for the pathophysiology of thrombotic processes, PAR-4, has been identified on human and animal platelets. In experimental thromboses on animals with a human-like PAR expression pattern, PAR-1 antagonists reduce the formation of platelet-rich thrombi
• thrombin mediated by the receptor PAR-I have implications for disease progression during and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as well as other operations, and in particular extracorporeal circulation (eg, heart-lung machine) operations.
• CABG coronary artery bypass grafting
• extracorporeal circulation eg, heart-lung machine
• bleeding complications may occur due to pre- or intraoperative medication with anticoagulant and / or platelet-inhibiting substances.
• a medication with clopidogrel must be paused several days before a CABG.
• disseminated intravascular coagulation or consumption coagulopathy DIC
• restenosis of the applied venous or arterial bypasses often occurs due to thrombosis, intimal fibrosis, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, transient ischemic attack (TIA) and / or stroke.
• the receptor PAR-I is also expressed in humans on other cells, including, for example, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and tumor cells. Malignant tumors (cancer) have a high incidence and are generally associated with high mortality rates connected. Current therapies achieve full remission in only a fraction of patients and are typically associated with severe side effects. Therefore, there is a high demand for more effective and safer therapies.
• the PAR-I receptor contributes to the development, growth, invasiveness and metastasis of cancer.
• PAR-1 expressed on endothelial cells mediates signals that result in vascular growth ("angiogenesis”), a process that is essential for facilitating tumor growth beyond about 1 mm 3.
• Angiogenesis also contributes to the onset or exacerbation of other diseases, among them for example hematopoietic cancers, the blindness leading to macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and colitis.
• Sepsis (or septicemia) is a common high mortality disease.
• Initial symptoms of sepsis are typically nonspecific (e.g., fever, reduced general condition), but in the further course, generalized activation of the coagulation system ("disseminated intravascular coagulation” or “consumption coagulopathy” (DIC)) may occur with microthrombosis in various organs and secondary bleeding complications.
• DIC may also occur independently of sepsis, e.g. in the context of operations or tumors.
• the therapy of sepsis consists on the one hand in the consequent elimination of the infectious cause, e.g. by operative herdsan ist and antibiosis. On the other hand, it consists in the temporary intensive medical support of the impaired organ systems. Therapies of the various stages of this disease are e.g. in the following publication (Dellinger et al., Crit. Care Med. 2004, 32, 858-873). There are no proven effective therapies for DICs.
• An object of the present invention is therefore to provide novel PAR-I antagonists for the treatment of diseases such.
• diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and thromboembolic diseases, as well as tumor diseases in humans and animals to provide.
• WO 2006/012226, WO 2006/020598, WO 2007/038138, WO 2007/130898, WO 2007/101270 and US 2006/0004049 describe structurally similar piperidines as 11- ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitors for the treatment of, inter alia, diabetes, thromboembolic disorders and stroke ,
• the invention relates to compounds of the formula - A -
• A is an oxygen atom or -NR 4 -
• R 4 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 -alkyl
• R 2 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4- to 6-membered heterocycle
• heterocycle may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen,
• R 1 is phenyl
• phenyl may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, monofluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy,
• Trifluoromethoxy monofluoromethylsulfanyl, difluoromethylsulfanyl, trifluoromethylsulfanyl, methylsulfonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl,
• R 2 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl,
• cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl and heteroaryl may be substituted with 1 to 3
• Substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, hydroxy, amino, monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, monofluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, monofluoromethylsulfanyl, Difluormethylsulfanyl, trifluoromethylsulphanyl, C r C 4 alkyl, C, -C 4 alkoxy, C r C 6 - alkylamino and phenyl,
• phenyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen and trifluoromethyl,
• Q -C 6 - alkyl may be substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, Ci-C 4 alkoxy, Ci-C 4 alkylsulfonyl, C 3 - C 6 cycloalkyl and phenyl,
• cycloalkyl and phenyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, monofluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, Ci-C 4 -AllCyI and Ci-C 4 alkoxy .
• Ci-C 6 alkoxy for CC ö alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, Ci-C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, 4- to 7-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, C 3 -C 7- Cycloalkyloxy, C 3 -C 7 -
• Cycloalkylamino 4- to 7-membered heterocyclylamino, phenylamino or 5- or 6-membered heteroarylamino,
• alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkoxy and alkylamino may be substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, amino, cyano, C r C 4 alkoxy, Ci-C 4 alkoxycarbonyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, 4- to 6-membered
• cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, phenylamino and heteroarylamino may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
• alkyl may be substituted with a hydroxy substituent, and their salts, their solvates, and the solvates of their salts.
• Compounds according to the invention are the compounds of the formula (I) and their salts, solvates and solvates of the salts; the compounds of the formula (I) below and the salts, solvates and solvates of the salts thereof and the compounds of formula (I), hereinafter referred to as exemplary compounds and their salts, solvates and solvates of the salts, as far as the of formula (I), compounds mentioned below are not already salts, solvates and solvates of the salts.
• the compounds of the invention may exist in stereoisomeric forms (enantiomers, diastereomers).
• the invention therefore includes the enantiomers or diastereomers and their respective mixtures. From such mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereomers, the stereoisomerically uniform components can be isolated in a known manner.
• the present invention encompasses all tautomeric forms.
• Salts used in the context of the present invention are physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds according to the invention. However, also included are salts which are not suitable for pharmaceutical applications themselves but can be used, for example, for the isolation or purification of the compounds according to the invention.
• Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention include acid addition salts of mineral acids, carboxylic acids and sulfonic acids, e.g. Salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and benzoic acid.
• salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid
• Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds according to the invention also include salts of customary bases, such as, by way of example and by way of preference, alkali metal salts (for example sodium and potassium salts), alkaline earth salts (for example calcium and magnesium salts) and ammonium salts derived from ammonia or organic amines having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, such as, by way of example and by way of preference, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine, arginine, lysine, ethylenediamine, N-methylpiperidine and choline.
• solvates are those forms of the compounds according to the invention which form a complex in the solid or liquid state by coordination with solvent molecules. Hydrates are a special form
• the present invention also includes prodrugs of the compounds of the invention.
• prodrugs includes compounds which may themselves be biologically active or inactive, but are converted during their residence time in the body to compounds according to the invention (for example metabolically or hydrolytically).
• Alkylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl and alkylsulfonyl are a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, by way of example and preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-butyl. hexyl.
• Alkoxy is, by way of example and by way of preference, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.
• Alkylamino represents an alkylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, by way of example and by preference methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, tert-butylamino, N, N-dimethylamino, N, N-diethylamino, N-ethyl-N- methylamino, N-methyl-Nn-propylamino, N-iso-propyl-Nn-propylamino and N-tert-butyl-N-methylamino.
• C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino is, for example, a monoalkylamino radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a dialkylamino radical having in each case 1 to 4 carbon atoms per alkyl substituent.
• Alkoxycarbonyl is exemplified and preferably methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, iso-propoxycarbonyl, n-butoxycarbonyl and tert-butoxycarbonyl.
• Alkylaminocarbonyl is an alkylaminocarbonyl radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, by way of example and preferably methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl, n-propylaminocarbonyl, isopropylaminocarbonyl, tert-butylaminocarbonyl, N, N-dimethylaminocarbonyl, N, N-diethylaminocarbonyl, N-ethyl- N-methylaminocarbonyl, N-methyl-Nn-propylaminocarbonyl, N-isopropyl-Nn-propylaminocarbonyl and N-tert-butyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl.
• C 1 -C 4 -alkylaminocarbonyl is, for example, a Monoalkylaminocarbonyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a dialkylamino carbonyl radical having in each case 1 to 4 carbon atoms per alkyl substituent.
• Alkylsulfonyl is exemplary and preferably methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, iso-propylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl and tert-butylsulfonyl.
• Cycloalkyl represents a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having usually 3 to 7, preferably 5 or 6 carbon atoms, by way of example and preferably cycloalkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
• Cycloalkyloxy is a monocyclic cycloalkyloxy group having usually 3 to 7, preferably 5 or 6 carbon atoms, by way of example and preferably cycloalkyloxy may be mentioned cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy and cyclohexyloxy.
• Cycloalkylamino is a monocyclic cycloalkylamino group with usually 3 to 7 ,. preferably 3 or 4 carbon atoms, by way of example and preferably cycloalkylamino may be mentioned cyclopropylamino, cyclobutylamino, cyclopentylamino and cyclohexylamino.
• Heterocyclyl is a monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic radical having 4 to 7 ring atoms and up to 3, preferably up to 2 heteroatoms and / or hetero groups from the series N, O, S, SO, SO 2 , where a nitrogen atom is also an N- Oxide can form.
• the heterocyclyl radicals may be saturated or partially unsaturated.
• Heterocyclylamino is a monocyclic or bicyclic, heterocyclic Heterocyclylamino radical having 4 to 7 ring atoms and up to 3, preferably up to 2 heteroatoms and / or hetero groups from the series N, O, S, SO, SO 2 , wherein a nitrogen atom also Can form N- oxide.
• the heterocyclyl radicals may be saturated or partially unsaturated.
• Heteroaryl is an aromatic, monocyclic radical having usually 5 or 6 ring atoms and up to 4 heteroatoms from the series S, O and N, where a nitrogen atom can also form an N-oxide, by way of example and preferably for thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl , Thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl.
• Heteroarylamino is an aromatic, monocyclic heteroarylamino radical having usually 5 or 6 ring atoms and up to 4 heteroatoms from the series S, O and N, where a nitrogen atom can also form an N-oxide, by way of example and preferably for thienylamino, furylamino , Pyrrolylamino, thiazolylamino, oxazolylamino, isoxazolylamino, oxadiazolylamino, pyrazolylamino, imidazolylamino, pyridylamino, pyrimidylamino, pyridazinylamino, pyrazinylamino.
• Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably fluorine and chlorine.
• A is an oxygen atom or -NR 4 -
• R 4 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 -alkyl
• R 2 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4- to 6-membered heterocycle
• heterocycle may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, hydroxy, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C -alkylamino,
• R 1 is phenyl
• phenyl is substituted by 1 to 3 substituents, independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, C r C 4 alkyl, C r C 4 alkoxy and C r C 4 - alkoxycarbonyl,
• R 2 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl or 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl,
• cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents, independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano,
• Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl may be substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, methoxy and ethoxy,
• R 3 is C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, 4- to 7-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyloxy, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkylamino, 4- to 7- is a membered heterocyclylamino, phenylamino or 5- or 6-membered heteroarylamino,
• cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, phenylamino and heteroarylamino may be substituted with 1 to 3
• A is an oxygen atom or -NR 4 -
• R 4 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 2 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl,
• azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl and piperidin-1-yl may be substituted by 1 to 2 substituents, independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and ethoxy,
• R 1 is phenyl
• phenyl is substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of fluorine, trifluoromethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, methyl, ethyl and methoxy,
• R 2 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 2-methylprop-1-yl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or oxetan-3-yl,
• cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl may be substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, methoxy and ethoxy,
• methyl and ethyl may be substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, methoxy and ethoxy,
• R 3 is morpholin-4-yl, thiomorpholin-4-yl, 1-oxidothiomorpholin-4-yl, 1,1-dioxothiomorpholin-4-yl, 3-hydroxyazetidinyl-1-yl, 3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl, 4 Cyanopiperidin-1-yl or 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl,
• A is an oxygen atom or -NR 4 -
• R 4 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 2 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl,
• azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl and piperidin-1-yl may be substituted by a hydroxy substituent
• R 1 is phenyl
• phenyl is substituted by a substituent selected from the group trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy and ethyl,
• R 2 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or oxetan-3-yl,
• cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl may be substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl,
• ethyl may be substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy and methoxy,
• R 3 is morpholin-4-yl, thiomorpholin-4-yl or 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl,
• A is an oxygen atom
• R 1 is phenyl
• phenyl is substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of fluorine, trifluoromethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy and ethyl,
• R 2 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl
• R 3 is 1-oxidothiomorpholin-4-yl, 1,1-dioxothiomethyl-4-yl, 3-hydroxyazetidinyl-1-yl, 3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl or 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl,
• A is an oxygen atom
• R 1 is phenyl
• phenyl is substituted with a substituent in the para position to the point of attachment to the piperidine ring, selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy and ethyl,
• phenyl may additionally carry a substituent fluorine in meta or ortho position to the point of attachment to the piperidine ring,
• R 2 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl
• ethyl may be substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, methoxy and ethoxy,
• R 3 is 1-oxidothiomorpholin-4-yl, 1,1-dioxothiomorpholin-4-yl, 3-hydroxyazetidinyl-1-yl, 3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl or 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl,
• A is an oxygen atom
• R 1 is phenyl
• phenyl is substituted with a substituent in the para position to the point of attachment to the piperidine ring, selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and trifluoromethoxy,
• R 2 is ethyl
• R 3 is 1 -Oxidothiomorpholin-4-yl or l, l-Dioxidothiomo ⁇ holin-4-yl,
• A is -NR 4 -
• R 4 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 2 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an azetidine-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidine-1-yl,
• azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl and piperidin-1-yl may be substituted with a hydroxy substituent.
• R 1 is phenyl
• phenyl may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents, independently selected from the group consisting of monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, monofluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, monofluoromethylsulfanyl , Difluormethylsulfanyl, Trifiuormethylsulfanyl, methylsulfonyl, Ci-C 4 alkyl, C r C 4 alkoxy and Ci-C4 alkoxycarbonyl.
• R 1 is phenyl, where phenyl is substituted by 1 to 3 substituents, independently of one another, selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -G t -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl.
• R 1 is phenyl, wherein phenyl is substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, methyl, ethyl and methoxy.
• R 1 is phenyl, where phenyl is substituted by a substituent in the para position to the point of attachment to the piperidine ring, selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl , Trifluoromethoxy and ethyl.
• R 1 is phenyl, where phenyl is substituted by a substituent in the para position to the point of attachment to the piperidine ring, selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy and ethyl.
• R 2 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 2-methylprop-1-yl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or oxetan-3-yl,
• cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl may be substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, methoxy and ethoxy,
• R 2 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or oxetane-3-yl,
• cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl may be substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl,
• ethyl may be substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy and methoxy.
• R 2 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, where ethyl may be substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, methoxy and ethoxy.
• R 3 is morpholin-4-yl, thiomorpholin-4-yl, 1,1-dioxothiomorpholin-4-yl, 3-hydroxyazetidinyl-1-yl, 3
• radical definitions given are, irrespective of the particular combinations of radicals indicated, also replaced by radical definitions of other combinations.
• the invention furthermore relates to a process for preparing the compounds of the formula (I), or their salts, their solvates or the solvates of their salts, where either
• R 1 and R 3 have the abovementioned meaning
• a and R 2 have the abovementioned meaning
• a and R 2 have the abovementioned meaning, or [C] compounds of the formula
• R 1 and R 2 have the abovementioned meaning, with 0.8 to 1.1 equivalents / weta-chloroperbenzoic acid to compounds of the formula
• R 1 and R 2 have the abovementioned meaning
• R 1 and R 2 have the abovementioned meaning
• R 1 and R 2 have the abovementioned meaning
• R 3 has the abovementioned meaning
• X 1 is halogen, preferably bromine or chlorine, or hydroxy or 4-nitrophenoxy,
• R 3 has the abovementioned meaning
• the compounds of the formulas (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic) are a subset of the compounds of the formula (I).
• reaction according to process [A] takes place in the event that A is an oxygen atom, generally in inert solvents, if appropriate in the presence of molecular sieve, if appropriate in the presence of a base, preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to 100 0 C at atmospheric pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, ethers, such as diethyl ether, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran, preference is given to dioxane.
• Bases are, for example, phosphazene P 4 base, or alkoxides such as sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide, or other bases such as sodium hydride, phosphazene P 4 base is preferred.
• reaction according to process [A] is carried out in the case that A is -NR 4 -, generally in inert solvents, optionally with an excess of the compound of formula (IH) to the compound of formula (II), optionally in one Microwave, preferably in a temperature range of 50 0 C to 200 0 C at atmospheric pressure to 5 bar.
• Inert solvents are, for example, alcohols, such as ethanol or methanol, or other solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone, preference is given to ethanol.
• the compounds of the formula (Iu) are known or can be synthesized by known processes from the corresponding starting compounds.
• reaction according to process [B] is generally carried out in inert solvents, in the presence of a dehydration reagent, if appropriate in the presence of a base, preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to reflux of the solvents under normal pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride, trichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane, ethers, such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, or other solvents, such as acetone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, 2-butanone or acetonitrile. It is likewise possible to use mixtures of the solvents. Preference is given to dimethylformamide or a mixture of dioxane and dimethylformamide.
• Carbodiimides such as N, N-diethyl, NN'-dipropyl, N, N'-diisopropyl, N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N- (3-dimethylamino-isopropyl) -N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) are suitable as dehydrating reagents.
• N-cyclohexylcarbodiimide-N'-propyloxymethyl-polystyrene PS-carbodiimide
• carbonyl compounds such as carbonyldiimidazole
• 1,2-oxazolium compounds such as 2-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,2-oxazolium-3-sulfate or 2- tert Butyl-5-methyl-isoxazolium perchlorate
• acylamino compounds such as 2-ethoxy-l-ethoxycarbonyl-l, 2-dihydroquinoline, or propanephosphonic anhydride, or isobutyl chloroformate, or bis (2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) -phosphorylchlorid or Benzotriazolyloxy-tri (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, or 0- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ', N'-te
• Bases are, for example, alkali carbonates, e.g. Sodium or potassium carbonate, or hydrogen carbonate, or organic bases such as trialkylamines e.g. Triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or diisopropylethylamine, preferred is diisopropylethylamine.
• alkali carbonates e.g. Sodium or potassium carbonate
• hydrogen carbonate e.g. Sodium or potassium carbonate
• organic bases such as trialkylamines e.g. Triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or diisopropylethylamine, preferred is diisopropylethylamine.
• the condensation is carried out with HATU in the presence of diisopropylethylamine or, alternatively, only with carbonyldiimidazole.
• the compounds of formula (V) are known or can be synthesized by known methods from the corresponding starting compounds.
• reaction according to process [C] is generally carried out in inert solvents, preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to reflux of the solvent at normal pressure.
• Meta-chloroperbenzoic acid is preferably used in an amount of 0.9 to 1.0 equivalent.
• Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride, trichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane. Preference is given to methylene chloride.
• reaction according to process [D] is generally carried out in inert solvents, preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to reflux of the solvent at atmospheric pressure.
• Meto-chloroperbenzoic acid is preferably used in an amount of 2.3 to 2.6 equivalents, more preferably in an amount of 2.5 equivalents.
• Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride, trichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane. Preference is given to methylene chloride.
• reaction according to process [E] is carried out when X 1 is halogen, generally in inert solvents, if appropriate in the presence of a base, preferably in a temperature range from -30 0 C to 50 0 C at atmospheric pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, pyridine, dioxane or dimethylformamide, preference is given to methylene chloride.
• bases are triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine; triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine is preferred.
• reaction according to process [E] is carried out when X 1 is hydroxy, generally in inert solvents, in the presence of a dehydration reagent, optionally in the presence of a base, preferably in a temperature range from -30 0 C to 50 0 C at atmospheric pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane or trichloromethane, hydrocarbons, such as benzene, nitromethane, dioxane, dimethylformamide or acetonitrile. It is likewise possible to use mixtures of the solvents. Particularly preferred is dichloromethane or dimethylformamide.
• Suitable dehydrating reagents here are, for example, carbodiimides, such as NN'-diethyl, NN'-dipropyl, NN'-diisopropyl, NN'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N- (3-dimethylaminoisopropyl) -N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC ), N-cyclohexylcarbodiimide-N'-propyloxymethyl-polystyrene (PS-carbodiimide) or carbonyl compounds such as carbonyldiimidazole, or 1,2-oxazolium compounds such as 2-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,2-oxazolium-3-sulfate or 2 tert-butyl-5-methylisoxazolium perchlorate, or acylamino compounds such as 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline,
• bases are alkali metal carbonates, such as, for example, sodium or potassium carbonate, or hydrogen carbonate, or organic bases such as trialkylamines, for example triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or diisopropylethylamine.
• the condensation is carried out with HATU or with EDC in the presence of HOBt.
• reaction according to process [E] takes place when X 1 is 4-nitrophenoxy, generally in inert solvents, if appropriate in the presence of a base, if appropriate in a microwave, preferably in a temperature range from 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. under atmospheric pressure up to 5 bar.
• Inert solvents are, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, dioxane or dimethylformamide, preference is given to N-methylpyrrolidone.
• bases are triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine; triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine is preferred.
• the compounds of formula (IX) are known or can be synthesized by known methods from the corresponding starting compounds.
• the reaction of the first stage according to process [F] is generally carried out in inert solvents, in the presence of a base, preferably in a temperature range from 0 0 C to 50 0 C at atmospheric pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride or 1, 2-dichloroethane, methylene chloride is preferred.
• Bases include, for example, organic bases such as trialkylamines e.g. Triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or diisopropylethylamine, preferred is triethylamine.
• organic bases such as trialkylamines e.g. Triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or diisopropylethylamine, preferred is triethylamine.
• the reaction of the second stage according to method [F] is generally carried out in inert solvents, in the presence of a base, optionally in a microwave, preferably in a temperature range from 50 0 C to 200 ° C at normal pressure to 5 bar.
• Inert solvents are, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone, preference is given to dimethylformamide.
• alkali metal carbonates such as sodium or potassium carbonate
• Potassium carbonate is preferred Potassium carbonate.
• the compounds of formula (XVI) are known or can be synthesized by known methods from the corresponding starting compounds.
• R 1 and R 3 have the abovementioned meaning
• the reaction is preferably carried out in a temperature range from 0 ° C. to the reflux of the solvents under normal pressure.
• the compounds of formula (VI) are known or can be prepared by reacting compounds of formula (IV) with hydroxyguanidine hemisulfate hemihydrate.
• reaction is carried out as described for process [B], if appropriate in the presence of molecular sieve.
• the condensation is carried out with PYBOP in the presence of diisopropylethylamine and molecular sieve.
• the compounds of the formula (IV) are known or can be prepared by reacting compounds of the formula
• R 1 and R 3 have the abovementioned meaning
• R 5 is methyl or ethyl
• the reaction is generally carried out in inert solvents, in the presence of a base, preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to reflux of the solvent at atmospheric pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane, alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol,
• Ethers such as diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, dioxane or
• Tetrahydrofuran or other solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide,
• Acetonitrile or pyridine, or mixtures of solvents, or mixtures of solvent with water preferred is methanol or methanol with one equivalent of water or a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water.
• Bases are, for example, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium, lithium or potassium hydroxide, or alkali metal carbonates such as cesium carbonate, sodium or potassium carbonate, or alcoholates such as potassium or sodium tert-butoxide, preferably lithium hydroxide or potassium tert-butoxide.
• R 3 has the abovementioned meaning
• X 1 is halogen, preferably bromine or chlorine, or hydroxy or 4-nitrophenoxy,
• reaction is generally carried out in inert solvents, optionally in the presence of a base, preferably in a temperature range from -30 0 C to 50 0 C at atmospheric pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, pyridine, dioxane or dimethylformamide, preference is given to methylene chloride.
• bases are triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine; triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine is preferred.
• the reaction is generally carried out in inert solvents, in the presence of a dehydrating reagent, optionally in the presence of a base, preferably in a temperature range from -30 0 C to 50 0 C at atmospheric pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane or trichloromethane, hydrocarbons, such as benzene, nitromethane, dioxane, dimethylformamide or acetonitrile. It is likewise possible to use mixtures of the solvents. Particularly preferred is dichloromethane or dimethylformamide.
• dehydrating reagents examples include carbodiimides, such as N, N-diethyl, NN-dipropyl, N, N'-diisopropyl, NN'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N- (3-dimethylaminoisopropyl) -N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-cyclohexylcarbodiimide-N'-propyloxymethyl-polystyrene (PS-carbodiimide) or carbonyl compounds such as carbonyldiimidazole, or 1,2-oxazolium compounds such as 2-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,2-oxazolium-3-sulfate or 2- tert-butyl-5-methylisoxazolium perchlorate, or acylamino compounds such as 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxy carbonyl-l, 2-dihydroquinoline, or propanephosphonic an
• Bases are, for example, alkali carbonates, e.g. Sodium or potassium carbonate, or hydrogen carbonate, or organic bases such as trialkylamines e.g. Triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or diisopropylethylamine.
• alkali carbonates e.g. Sodium or potassium carbonate
• hydrogen carbonate or organic bases
• organic bases such as trialkylamines e.g. Triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or diisopropylethylamine.
• the condensation is carried out with HATU or with EDC in the presence of HOBt.
• the reaction is generally carried out in inert solvents, if appropriate in the presence of a base, if appropriate in a microwave, preferably in a temperature range from 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. at atmospheric pressure to 5 bar.
• Inert solvents are, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, dioxane or dimethylformamide, preference is given to N-methylpyrrolidone.
• bases are triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine, preference is given to triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine.
• the compounds of formula (LX) are known or can be synthesized by known methods from the corresponding starting compounds.
• the compounds of formula (VE) can be prepared by reacting compounds of formula (VIII) in the first step with 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate and in the second step with compounds of formula
• R 3 has the meaning indicated above
• the reaction of the first stage is generally carried out in inert solvents, in the presence of a base, preferably in a temperature range from 0 0 C to 50 0 C at atmospheric pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride or 1, 2-dichloroethane, methylene chloride is preferred.
• Bases include, for example, organic bases such as trialkylamines e.g. Triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or diisopropylethylamine, preferred is triethylamine.
• organic bases such as trialkylamines e.g. Triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or diisopropylethylamine, preferred is triethylamine.
• the reaction of the second stage is generally carried out in inert solvents, in the presence of a base, optionally in a microwave, preferably in a temperature range of 50 0 C to 200 0 C at atmospheric pressure to 5 bar.
• Inert solvents are, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone, preference is given to dimethylformamide.
• Bases are, for example, alkali carbonates, e.g. Sodium or potassium carbonate, preferably potassium carbonate.
• the compounds of formula (X) are known or can be synthesized by known methods from the corresponding starting compounds.
• R 1 and R 5 have the abovementioned meaning
• the hydrogenation is generally carried out with a reducing agent in inert solvents, optionally with the addition of acid such as mineral acids and carboxylic acids, preferably acetic acid, preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to reflux Solvent and in a pressure range of atmospheric pressure to 100 bar, preferably at atmospheric pressure or at 50-80 bar.
• acid such as mineral acids and carboxylic acids, preferably acetic acid, preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to reflux Solvent and in a pressure range of atmospheric pressure to 100 bar, preferably at atmospheric pressure or at 50-80 bar.
• the reducing agent is preferably hydrogen with palladium on activated carbon, with rhodium on activated carbon, with ruthenium on activated carbon or mixed catalysts, or hydrogen with palladium on alumina or with rhodium on alumina, or hydrogen with palladium on activated carbon and platinum (IV) oxide is hydrogen with palladium on charcoal or rhodium on charcoal or hydrogen with palladium on charcoal and platinum (IV) oxide. Under pressure it is also possible to hydrogenate only with hydrogen and platinum (IV) oxide alone.
• Inert solvents are, for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol or tert-butanol, or concentrated acetic acid or methanol with the addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid, preferably methanol or ethanol or concentrated acetic acid or methanol with the addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
• alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol or tert-butanol
• concentrated acetic acid or methanol with the addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid preferably methanol or ethanol or concentrated acetic acid or methanol with the addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
• R 5 has the abovementioned meaning
• R 1 has the meaning indicated above
• reaction is generally carried out in inert solvents, in the presence of a catalyst, if appropriate in the presence of an additional reagent, preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to the reflux of the solvent at normal pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, ethers, such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, hydrocarbons, such as benzene, xylene or toluene, or other solvents, such as nitrobenzene, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide or N-methylpyrrolidone. If desired, a little water is added to these solvents. Preference is given to toluene with water or a mixture of 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, dimethylformamide and water.
• catalysts are conventional palladium catalysts for Suzuki reaction conditions, preferably catalysts such as e.g. Dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium (0), palladium (II) acetate or bis (diphenylphosphinorrocenyl) palladium ( ⁇ ) chloride.
• catalysts such as e.g. Dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium (0), palladium (II) acetate or bis (diphenylphosphinorrocenyl) palladium ( ⁇ ) chloride.
• Additional Reagents' for example, potassium acetate, cesium, potassium or ⁇ atriumcarbonat, barium hydroxide, potassium tert-butoxide, cesium fluoride, potassium fluoride or potassium phosphate, or mixtures of these, preferred are potassium fluoride or ⁇ atriumcarbonat, or a mixture of potassium fluoride and potassium carbonate.
• R 1 has the meaning indicated above, in the first stage with compounds of formula (V) and in the second stage with an acid.
• the first stage reaction is carried out as described for method [B].
• the reaction of the second stage is generally carried out in inert solvents, preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to 60 0 C at atmospheric pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride or 1, 2-dichloroethane, or ethers such as tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, preferably methylene chloride.
• halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride or 1, 2-dichloroethane, or ethers such as tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, preferably methylene chloride.
• bases are trifluoroacetic acid or hydrogen chloride in dioxane; trifluoroacetic acid is preferred.
• the compounds of formula (XVII) are known or can be prepared by reacting compounds of formula (VIH) in the first step with di-tert-butyl dicarboxylate and in the second step with a base.
• the reaction of the first stage is generally carried out in inert solvents, in the presence of a base, preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to 50 0 C at atmospheric pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride or 1, 2-dichloroethane, methylene chloride is preferred.
• bases are triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine, preference is given to triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine.
• the reaction of the second stage is generally carried out in inert solvents, in the presence of a base, preferably in a temperature range from room temperature to the reflux of the solvent at atmospheric pressure.
• Inert solvents are, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane, alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol,
• Ethers such as diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, dioxane or
• Tetrahydrofuran or other solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide,
• Bases are, for example, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium, lithium or potassium hydroxide, or alkali metal carbonates such as cesium carbonate, sodium or potassium carbonate, or alcoholates such as potassium or sodium tert-butoxide, preferably lithium hydroxide or potassium tert-butoxide.
• the compounds of the invention show an unpredictable, valuable pharmacological and pharmacokinetic activity spectrum.
• These are selective antagonists of the PAR-I receptor, which act in particular as platelet aggregation inhibitors, as inhibitors of endothelial cell activation, as inhibitors of smooth muscle cell proliferation and as an inhibitor of tumor growth.
• platelet aggregation inhibitors act in particular as platelet aggregation inhibitors, as inhibitors of endothelial cell activation, as inhibitors of smooth muscle cell proliferation and as an inhibitor of tumor growth.
• PAR-I antagonism coupled with simple handling of the medication is of great importance.
• the PAR-I antagonists of the present invention show a long-lasting effect after a single oral administration, ie an effect that lasts at least 16 hours. They are therefore suitable for use as medicaments for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases in humans and animals.
• Another object of the present invention is the use of the compounds of the invention for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases, preferably of thromboembolic diseases and / or thromboembolic complications.
• thromboembolic disorders include in particular diseases such as myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) and without ST segment elevation (non-STEMI), stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, reocclusions and Restenosis following coronary interventions such as angioplasty, stent or aortocoronary bypass, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis and renal vein thrombosis, transient ischemic attacks, and thrombotic and thromboembolic stroke.
• diseases such as myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) and without ST segment elevation (non-STEMI)
• stable angina pectoris such as myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) and without ST segment elevation (non-STEMI)
• unstable angina pectoris such as myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) and without ST segment elevation (non-STEMI)
• the substances are therefore also useful in the prevention and treatment of cardiogenic thromboembolism, such as brain ischemia, stroke and systemic thromboembolism and ischaemia, in patients with acute, intermittent or persistent cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, and those who undergo cardioversion, further in patients with valvular disease or with intravascular bodies such.
• cardiogenic thromboembolism such as brain ischemia, stroke and systemic thromboembolism and ischaemia
• Thromboembolic complications also occur in microangiopathic hemolytic anemias, extracorporeal blood circuits such.
• the compounds according to the invention also have an influence on wound healing, for the prophylaxis and / or treatment of atherosclerotic vascular diseases and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, coronary heart diseases, cardiac insufficiency, hypertension, inflammatory diseases, e.g. Asthma, COPD, inflammatory lung disease, glomerulonephritis and inflammatory bowel disease into consideration, as well as for the prophylaxis and / or treatment of Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
• atherosclerotic vascular diseases and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, coronary heart diseases, cardiac insufficiency, hypertension, inflammatory diseases, e.g. Asthma, COPD, inflammatory lung disease, glomerulonephritis and inflammatory bowel disease into consideration, as well as for the prophylaxis and / or treatment of Alzheimer's disease,
• the compounds of the invention for the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, in microangiopathies, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and other microvascular diseases and Prevention and treatment of thromboembolic complications, such as venous thromboembolism, in tumor patients, especially those undergoing major surgery or chemo- or radiotherapy.
• Cancers include, but are not limited to, carcinomas (including breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, colon cancer and melanoma), lymphomas (e.g.
• Hodgkin's lymphoma and mycosis fungoides Hodgkin's lymphoma and mycosis fungoides), leukemia, sarcoma, mesothelioma, brain cancer
• gliomas e.g., gliomas
• germinomas e.g., testicular and ovarian cancers
• choriocarcinomas e.g., renal cancer
• Pancreatic cancer thyroid cancer, head and neck cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer and multiple myeloma.
• angiogenesis vascular growth
• pulmonary diseases eg pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, especially pulmonary arterial hypertension, diseases characterized by pulmonary vascular occlusions
• arteriosclerosis plaque rupture, diabetic retinopathy and wet macular degeneration.
• the compounds according to the invention are suitable for the treatment of sepsis.
• Sepsis or septicemia is a common high mortality disease.
• Initial symptoms of sepsis are typically nonspecific (eg, fever, reduced general condition), but in the further course, generalized activation of the coagulation system ("disseminated intravascular coagulation", or “consumption coagulopathy”, hereinafter referred to as "DIC") with microthrombosis in different ones may occur Organs and secondary bleeding complications.
• endothelial damage can result in increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluid and proteins into the extravasal space.
• any organ can be affected, most often occurs organdy function and failures in the lungs, the kidney, the cardiovascular system, the coagulation system, the central nervous system, endocrine glands and the liver.
• Sepsis may be associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (hereinafter referred to as ARDS) and ARDS may be independent of sepsis.
• ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Septic shock refers to the onset of a blood pressure reduction that promotes further organ damage and worsens the condition Prognosis.
• Pathogens can be bacteria (gram-negative and gram-positive), fungi, viruses and / or eukaryotes. Entry portal or primary infection can be eg pneumonia, urinary tract infection, peritonitis. The infection may or may not be associated with bacteremia.
• Sepsis is defined as the presence of an infection and a "systemic inflammatory response syndrome" (hereafter referred to as "SIRS").
• SIRS occurs in the context of infections, but also other conditions such as injuries, burns, shock, surgery, ischemia, pancreatitis, resuscitation or tumors.
• ACCP / SCCM Consensus Conference Committee of 1992 the definition of the ACCP / SCCM Consensus Conference Committee of 1992 (Crit. Care Med., 1992, 20, 864-874)
• the symptoms required for the diagnosis "SIRS” for diagnosis and measurement parameters are described (among others, changed body temperature, increased heart rate, breathing difficulties and altered blood count).
• DIC and SIRS can occur as a result of sepsis, but also as a result of operations, tumors, burns or other injuries.
• DIC causes massive activation of the coagulation system on the surface of damaged endothelial cells, foreign body surfaces or injured extravascular tissue. As a result, coagulation occurs in small vessels of various organs with hypoxia and subsequent
• coagulation factors e.g., Factor X, prothrombin, fibrinogen
• platelets are consumed, which lowers the blood's ability to coagulate and cause severe bleeding.
• the compounds of the invention may also be used to prevent coagulation ex vivo, e.g. for the preservation of blood and plasma products, for the cleaning / pretreatment of catheters and other medical aids and devices, including extracorporeal circuits, for coating artificial surfaces of in vivo or ex vivo applied medical devices and devices or on biological samples containing platelets.
• Another object of the present invention is the use of the compounds according to the invention for coating medical instruments and implants, for example catheters, prostheses, stents or artificial heart valves.
• the compounds according to the invention can be firmly bound to the surface or released over a certain period of time from a carrier coating into the immediate environment for local action.
• Another object of the present invention is the use of the compounds of the invention for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular the aforementioned diseases.
• Another object of the present invention is the use of the compounds of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular the aforementioned diseases.
• Another object of the present invention is a method for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular the aforementioned diseases, using a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention.
• compositions containing a compound of the invention and one or more other active ingredients are pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of the invention and one or more other active ingredients, in particular for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of the aforementioned diseases.
• suitable combination active ingredients may be mentioned by way of example and preferably:
• Calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine besilate (such as Norvasc ®), felodipine, diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine, nicardipine, nisoldipine, and bepridil;
• Statins e.g. Atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin;
• Cholesterol absorption inhibitors e.g. Ezetimibe and AZD4121;
• CETP Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein
• Low molecular weight heparins e.g. Dalteparin Sodium, Ardeparin, Certoparin, Enoxaparin, Parnaparin, Tinzaparin, Reviparin and Nadroparin;
• Antiarrhythmics e.g. Dofetilide, Ibutilide, Metoprolol, Metoprolol tartrate, Propranolol, Atenolol, Ajmaline, Disopyramide, Prajmaline, Procainamide, Quinidine, Sparteine, Aprindine, Lidocaine, Mexiletine, Tocamide, Encamid, Flecamide, Lorcamide, Moricin, Propafenone, Acebutolol, Pindolol, Amiodarone, Bretylium Tosylate, bunaftin, sotalol, adenosine, atropine and digoxin;
• Alpha-adrenergic agonists eg doxazosin mesylate, terazosone and prazosin
• Beta-adrenergic blocking agents eg carvedilol, propranolol, timolol, nadolol, atenolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol, betaxolol, acebutolol and bisoprolol;
• Aldosterone antagonists e.g. Eplerenone and spironolactone
• Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors e.g. Moexipril, quinapril hydrochloride, ramipril, lisinopril, benazepril hydrochloride, enalapril, captopril, spirapril, perindopril, fosinopril, and trandolapril;
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers e.g. Olmesartan-medoxomil, candesartan, valsartan, telmisartan, irbesartan, losartan and eprosartan;
• Endothelin antagonists e.g. Tezosentan, bosentan and sitaxsentan sodium;
• Neutral endopeptidase inhibitors e.g. Candoxatril and ecadotril;
• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors e.g. Milrinoone, theophylline, vinpocetine, EHNA (erythro-9- (2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine), sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafol;
• Fibrinolytics e.g. Reteplase, alteplase and tenecteplase;
• GP antililar antagonists e.g. Integrillin, abciximab and tirofiban;
• Direct thrombin inhibitors e.g. AZD0837, argatroban, bivalirudin and dabigatran;
• Indirect thrombin inhibitors e.g. Odiparcil
• Direct and indirect factor Xa inhibitors e.g. Fondaparinux sodium, apixaban, razaxaban, rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939), KFA-1982, DX-9065a, AVE3247, otamixaban (XRP0673), AVE6324, SAR377142, Idraparinux, SSR126517, DB-772d, DT-831J, YM-150 , 813893, LY517717 and DU-1766 .;
• Direct and indirect factor Xa / IIa inhibitors e.g. Enoxaparin sodium, AVE5026, SSRI 28428, SSRI 28429 and BIBT-986 (Tanogitran);
• Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (“LpPLA2”) modulators
• Diuretics e.g. Chlorthalidone, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, amiloride, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, methylchtothiazide and benzothiazide;
• Nitrates eg isosorbide-5-mononitrate
• Thromboxane antagonists eg seratrodast, picotamide and ramatroban;
• Platelet aggregation inhibitors e.g. Clopidogrel, tiklopidine, cilostazol, aspirin, abciximab, limaprost, eptifibatide and CT-50547;
• Cyclooxygenase inhibitors e.g. Meloxicam, rofecoxib and celecoxib;
• B-type Natriuretic Peptides e.g. Nesiritide and Ularitide;
• NVIFGF modulators e.g. XRP0038;
• HTIB / 5-HT2A antagonists e.g. SL65.0472;
• Guanylate cyclase activators e.g. Ataciguat (HMR1766), HMR1069, riociguat and cinaciguat;
• e-NOS transcriptional enhancers e.g. AVE9488 and AVE3085;
• Anti-atherogenic substances e.g. AGI-1067:
• CPU inhibitors e.g. AZD9684;
• Renin inhibitors e.g. Aliskirin and VNP489;
• Inhibitors of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation e.g. Clopidogrel, tiklopidine, prasugrel, AZD6140, ticagrelor and elinogrel;
• NHE-I inhibitors e.g. AVE4454 and AVE4890.
• Antibiotic Therapy Various antibiotics or antifungal drug combinations may be considered, either as a calculated therapy (prior to the presence of the microbial condition) or as a specific therapy; Fluid therapy, eg, crystalloids or colloidal fluids; Vasopressors, eg norepinephrine, dopamine or vasopressin; Inotropic therapy, eg dobutamine; Corticosteroids, eg hydrocortisone, or fludrocortisone; recombinant human activated protein C, Xigris; Blood products, for example erythrocyte concentrates, platelet concentrates, erythropietin or fresh frozen plasma; Mechanical ventilation in sepsis-induced Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), eg, permissive hypercapnia, lower tidal volumes; Sedation: eg diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam or propofol.
• Fluid therapy
• Opioids eg fentanyl, hydromorphone, morphine, meperidine or remifentanil.
• NSAIDs eg ketorolac, ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
• Neuromuscular blockade eg pancuronium; Glucose control, eg insulin, glucose; Renal replacement therapy, eg continuous veno-venous hemofiltration or intermittent hemodialysis.
• Anticoagulants eg for thrombosis prophylaxis or in kidney replacement procedures, eg unfractionated heparins, low molecular weight heparins, heparinoids, hirudin, bivalirudin or argatroban; Bicarbonate treatment; Stress ulcer prophylaxis, eg H2 receptor inhibitors, antacids
• Drugs in proliferative disorders uracil, chlormethine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, pipobroman, triethylenemelamine, triethylenethiophosphoramine, busulfan, carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin, dacarbazine, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, floxuridine, cytarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine , Fludarabine phosphate, pentostatines, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, bleomycin, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, paclitaxel, mithramycin, deoxycoformycin, mitomycin C, L-asparaginase, interferons, etoposide, teniposide 17.alpha.
• Another object of the present invention is a method for preventing blood coagulation in vitro, especially in blood or biological samples containing platelets, which is characterized in that an anticoagulatory effective amount of the compound of the invention is added.
• the compounds according to the invention can act systemically and / or locally.
• they may be applied in a suitable manner, e.g. oral, parenteral, pulmonary, nasal, sublingual, lingual, buccal, rectal, dermal, transdermal, conjunctivae otic or as an implant or stent.
• the compounds according to the invention can be administered in suitable administration forms.
• the compounds of the invention in crystalline and / or amorphised and / or dissolved
• Such as tablets uncoated or coated tablets, for example with enteric or delayed-dissolving or insoluble coatings which control the release of the compound of the invention
• Parenteral administration can be accomplished by bypassing a resorption step (e.g., intravenously, intraarterially, intracardially, intraspinal, or intralumbar) or by resorting to absorption (e.g., intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intracutaneously, percutaneously, or intraperitoneally).
• a resorption step e.g., intravenously, intraarterially, intracardially, intraspinal, or intralumbar
• absorption e.g., intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intracutaneously, percutaneously, or intraperitoneally.
• parenteral administration are suitable as application forms u.a. Injection and infusion preparations in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, lyophilisates or sterile powders.
• the oral application is preferred.
• Inhalation medicines including powder inhalants, nebulizers
• nasal drops solutions, sprays
• lingual, sublingual or buccal tablets films / wafers or capsules
• suppositories ear or ophthalmic preparations
• vaginal capsules aqueous suspensions (lotions, shake mixtures)
• lipophilic suspensions ointments
• creams transdermal therapeutic systems (such as patches)
• milk Pastes, foams, scattering powders, implants or stents.
• the compounds according to the invention can be converted into the stated administration forms. This can be done in a conventional manner by mixing with inert, non-toxic, pharmaceutically suitable excipients.
• excipients for example microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, mannitol
• solvents for example liquid polyethylene glycols
• emulsifiers and dispersants or wetting agents for example sodium dodecylsulfate, polyoxysorbitanoleate
• binders for example polyvinylpyrrolidone
• synthetic and natural polymers for example albumin
• Stabilizers eg, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid
• dyes eg, inorganic pigments such as iron oxides
• flavor and / or odoriferous include, among others.
• Excipients for example microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, mannitol
• solvents for example liquid polyethylene glycols
• emulsifiers and dispersants or wetting agents for example sodium dodecyl
• compositions containing at least one inventive compound preferably together with one or more inert non-toxic, pharmaceutically suitable excipient, as well as their use for the purposes mentioned above.
• inventive compound preferably together with one or more inert non-toxic, pharmaceutically suitable excipient, as well as their use for the purposes mentioned above.
• Method IA Instrument: HP 1100 with DAD Detection; Column: Kromasil 100 RP-18, 60 mm x 2.1 mm, 3.5 ⁇ m; Eluent A: 5 ml perchloric acid (70%) / 1 water, eluent B: acetonitrile; Gradient: 0 min 2% B ⁇ 0.5 min 2% B ⁇ 4.5 min 90% B ⁇ 6.5 min 90% B ⁇ 6.7 min 2% B ⁇ 7.5 min 2% B; Flow: 0.75 ml / min; Column temperature: 30 ° C .; UV detection: 210 nm.
• Method IB Device Type MS: Micromass ZQ; Device type HPLC: HP 1100 Series; UV DAD; Column: Phenomenex Gemini 3 ⁇ , 30mm x 3.0mm; Eluent A: 1 l of water + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 90% A -> 2.5 min 30% A ⁇ 3.0 min 5% A ⁇ 4.5 min 5% A; Flow: 0.0 min 1 ml / min, 2.5 min / 3.0 min / 4.5 min 2 ml / min; Oven: 50 ° C .; UV detection: 210 nm.
• Method 2B Instrument: Micromass QuattroPremier with Waters UPLC Acquity; Column: Thermo Hypersil GOLD 1.9 ⁇ , 50 mm x 1 mm; Eluent A: 1 l of water + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 90% A ⁇ 0.1 min 90% A ⁇ 1.5 min 10% A ⁇ 2.2 min 10% A; Oven: 50 ° C .; Flow: 0.33 ml / min; UV detection: 210 nm.
• Method 3B Device Type MS: Micromass ZQ; Device type HPLC: Waters Alliance 2795; Column: Phenomenex Synergi 2.5 ⁇ MAX-RP 100A Mercury, 20 mm x 4 mm; Eluent A: 1 l of water + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 90% A ⁇ 0.1 min 90% A ⁇ 3.0 min 5% A ⁇ 4.0 min 5% A ⁇ 4.01 min 90% A; Flow: 2 ml / min; Oven: 50 ° C .; UV detection: 210 nm.
• Method 4B Device Type MS: Waters ZQ; Device type HPLC: Waters Alliance 2795; Column: Phenomenex Onyx Monolithic Cl 8, 100 mm x 3 mm; Eluent A: 1 l of water + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 90% A ⁇ 2 min 65% A ⁇ 4.5 min 5% A ⁇ 6 min 5% A; Flow: 2 ml / min; Oven: 40 ° C; UV detection: 210 nm.
• Method 5B Instrument: Micromass Quattro Micro MS with HPLC Agilent Series 1100; Column: Thermo Hypersil GOLD 3 ⁇ 20 mm x 4 mm; Eluent A: 1 l of water + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 100% A ⁇ 3.0 min 10% A ⁇ 4.0 min 10% A ⁇ 4.01 min 100% A ⁇ 5.00 min 100% A; Oven: 50 ° C .; Flow: 2 ml / min; UV detection: 210 nm.
• Method 6B Instrument: Waters ACQUITY SQD UPLC System; Column: Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8 ⁇ 50 x 1 mm; Eluent A: 1 l of water + 0.25 ml of 99% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile + 0.25 ml of 99% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 90% A - ⁇ 1.2 min 5% A ⁇ 2.0 min 5% A Furnace: 50 ° C; Flow: 0.40 ml / min; UV detection: 210 - 400 nm.
• Method 7B Instrument: Micromass Quattro LCZ with HPLC Agilent Series 1100; Column: Phenomenex Onyx Monolithic Cl 8, 100 mm x 3 mm.
• Eluent A 1 l of water + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid
• eluent B 1 l of acetonitrile + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid
• Flow 2 ml / min
• Oven 40 ° C
• UV detection 208-400 nm.
• Method 8B Instrument: Micromass Platform LCZ with HPLC Agilent Series 1100; Column: Thermo HyPURITY Aquastar 3 ⁇ 50 mm x 2.1 mm; Eluent A: 1 l of water + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 100% A ⁇ 0.2 min 100% A ⁇ 2.9 min 30% A ⁇ 3.1 min 10% A ⁇ 5.5 min 10% A; Oven: 50 ° C .; Flow: 0.8 ml / min; UV detection: 210 nm.
• Method 9B Instrument: Waters ACQUITY SQD UPLC System; Column: Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8 ⁇ 50mm x 1mm; Eluent A: 1 l of water + 0.25 ml of 99% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile + 0.25 ml of 99% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 90% A ⁇ 1.2 min 5% A ⁇ 2.0 min 5% A; Oven: 50 ° C .; Flow: 0.40 ml / min; UV detection: 210 - 400 nm.
• Method IQB Device Type MS: Waters ZQ; Device Type HPLC: Agilent 1100 Series; UV DAD; Column: Thermo Hypersil GOLD 3 ⁇ 20 mm x 4 mm; Eluent A: 1 l of water + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile + 0.5 ml of 50% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 100% A ⁇ 3.0 min 10% A ⁇ 4.0 min 10% A, oven: 55 ° C; Flow: 2 ml / min; UV detection: 210 nm.
• Method IC Phase: Xbrdge Cl 8, 5 ⁇ m OBD 19 mm ⁇ 150 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / 0.1% ammonia solution 55:45; Flow: 25 ml / min, temperature: 28 ° C; UV detection: 210 nm.
• Method ID Phase: Daicel Chiralpak AD-H, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 20 mm; Eluent: isopropanol / iso-hexane 75:25; Flow: 12 ml / min; Temperature: 45 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 2D Phase: Daicel Chiralpak AD-H, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 20 mm; Eluent: isopropanol / iso-hexane 75:25; Flow: 15 ml / min; Temperature: 30 ° C .; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 3D Phase: Daicel Chiralpak AD-H, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 20 mm; Eluent: isopropanol / iso-hexane 70:30; Flow: 15 ml / min; Temperature: 45 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 4P Phase: Daicel Chiralpak AD-H, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 20 mm; Eluent: isopropanol / iso-hexane 75:25; Flow: 15 ml / min; Temperature: 45 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 5D Phase: Daicel Chiralpak IA, 5 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 20 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / methanol 70:30; Flow: 15 ml / min, temperature: 40 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 6D Phase: Daicel Chiralpak IA, 5 ⁇ m, 250 mm x 20 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / methanol 75:25; Flow: 15 ml / min, temperature: 40 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 7D Phase: Daicel Chiralpak IA, 5 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 20 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / methanol 70:30; Flow: 15 ml / min, temperature: 35 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 8D Phase: Daicel Chiralpak LA, 5 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 20 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / methanol 70:30; Flow: 15 ml / min, temperature: 30 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 9D Phase: Daicel Chiralpak IA, 5 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 20 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / methanol 50:50; Flow: 25 ml / min, temperature: 25 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method HD Phase: Daicel Chiralpak IA, 5 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 20 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / methanol / tert-butyl methyl ether 25:25:50; Flow: 25 ml / min, temperature: 30 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method IE Phase: Daicel Chiralpak AD-H, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 4.6 mm; Eluent: isopropanol / iso-hexane: 75:25 + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid + 1% water; Flow: 1 ml / min; Temperature: 45 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 2E Phase: Daicel Chiralpak AD-H, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 4.6 mm; Eluent: ethanol / iso-hexane: 75:25 + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid + 1% water; Flow: 1 ml / min; Temperature: 45 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 3E Phase: Daicel Chiralpak AD-H, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 4.6 mm; Eluent: isopropanol / iso-hexane: 75:25 + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid + 1% water; Flow: 1 ml / min; Temperature: 40 ° C .; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 4E Phase: Daicel Chiralpak AD-H, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 4.6 mm; Eluent: isopropanol / iso-hexane: 70:30 + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid + 1% water; Flow: 1 ml / min; Temperature: 45 ° C; UV detection: 220 ran.
• Method 5E Phase: Daicel Chiralpak AS-H, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 4.6 mm; Eluent: isopropanol / iso-hexane: 75:25 + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid + 1% water; Flow: 0.8 ml / min; Temperature: 45 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 6E Phase: Daicel Chiralpak AD-H, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 4.6 mm; Eluent: isopropanol / iso-hexane: 75:25; Flow: 1 ml / min; Temperature: 45 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 7E Phase: Daicel Chiralpak IA, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 4.6 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / methanol 70:30; Flow: 1 ml / min, temperature: 40 ° C .; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 8E Phase: Daicel Chiralpak IA, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 4.6 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / methanol 75:25; Flow: 1 ml / min, temperature: 25 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 9E Phase: Daicel Chiralpak IA, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 4.6 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / methanol 70:30; Flow: 1 ml / min, temperature: 25 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method HE Phase: Daicel Chiralpak IA, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 4.6 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / methanol 80:20; Flow: 1 ml / min, temperature: 25 ° C; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method 12E Phase: Daicel Chiralpak IA, 5 ⁇ m 250 mm x 4.6 mm, eluent: acetonitrile / methanol / fer ⁇ -butyl methyl ether 25:25:50; Flow: 1 ml / min, temperature: 30 ° C .; UV detection: 220 nm.
• Method IF Instrument: Micromass GCT, GC6890; Column: Restek RTX-35, 15 m ⁇ 200 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.33 ⁇ m; constant flow with helium: 0.88 ml / min; Oven: 70 ° C; Inlet: 250 ° C; Gradient: 70 0 C, 30 ° C / min ⁇ 310 0 C (3 min hold).
• the microwave reactor used was a single-mode Emrys Optimizer device. starting compounds
• a solution of pyridine in concentrated acetic acid (about 35 ml / mmol) is hydrogenated in a flow-through hydrogenation apparatus ("H-Cube” from ThalesNano, Budapest, Hungary) under a hydrogen atmosphere (conditions: 10% P ⁇ VC catalyst, "controlled”). Mode, 60 bar, 0.5 ml / min, 85 ° C). After removal of the solvent on a rotary evaporator, the corresponding crude product is obtained, which is optionally purified by preparative HPLC.
• the reaction mixture was stirred for several hours until substantially complete reaction under 100 0 C.
• the mixture was filtered through Celite and water added. After addition of ethyl acetate and phase separation, the organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
• the crude product is Chromatography (silica gel 60, eluent: cyclohexane / ethyl acetate 3: 1). This gave 18.22 g of crude product in 73% purity (LC-MS), which was reacted without further purification operations.
• the carboxylic acid is dissolved in dioxane / dimethylformamide (3: 1, 1 ml / mmol) and heated to 60.degree. After addition of NN-carbonyldiimidazole (1.5 eq.), Dissolved in dioxane /
• Dimethylformamide (4: 1, 1.6 ml / mmol), is stirred at 60 0 C for 3 h. After cooling to RT, the alkyl-N-hydroxyimidocarbamate (1.5 eq) dissolved in dioxane / dimethylformamide 1: 1, added dropwise and stirred overnight at 40 0 C. Thereafter, the dioxane is removed in vacuo.

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