EP2418204B1 - Verbindung mit heteroringgerüst und verfahren zur herstellung einer optisch aktiven verbindung mit besagter verbindung als asymmetrischer katalysator - Google Patents

Verbindung mit heteroringgerüst und verfahren zur herstellung einer optisch aktiven verbindung mit besagter verbindung als asymmetrischer katalysator Download PDF

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EP2418204B1
EP2418204B1 EP10761763.1A EP10761763A EP2418204B1 EP 2418204 B1 EP2418204 B1 EP 2418204B1 EP 10761763 A EP10761763 A EP 10761763A EP 2418204 B1 EP2418204 B1 EP 2418204B1
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optionally substituted
group optionally
compound
group
same
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EP2418204A1 (de
EP2418204A4 (de
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Yoshiji Takemoto
Kazuo Murakami
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
Kyoto University NUC
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
Kyoto University NUC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
    • C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B53/00—Asymmetric syntheses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
    • C07C201/12—Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C205/00—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C205/49—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by carboxyl groups
    • C07C205/50—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by carboxyl groups having nitro groups and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C205/53—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by carboxyl groups having nitro groups and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C231/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from amides by reaction at nitrogen atoms of carboxamide groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C231/14—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by formation of carboxamide groups together with reactions not involving the carboxamide groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C241/00—Preparation of compounds containing chains of nitrogen atoms singly-bound to each other, e.g. hydrazines, triazanes
    • C07C241/02—Preparation of hydrazines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C281/00—Derivatives of carbonic acid containing functional groups covered by groups C07C269/00 - C07C279/00 in which at least one nitrogen atom of these functional groups is further bound to another nitrogen atom not being part of a nitro or nitroso group
    • C07C281/02—Compounds containing any of the groups, e.g. carbazates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
    • C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C67/343—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D233/88—Nitrogen atoms, e.g. allantoin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
    • C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
    • C07D235/24—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
    • C07D235/30—Nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D239/72—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines
    • C07D239/95—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines with hetero atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 4
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
    • C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
    • C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C2602/10—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being six-membered, e.g. tetraline

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel compound having a heterocyclic skeleton which is useful as a catalyst for asymmetric synthesis. Moreover, the present invention relates to a production method of an optically active compound by an asymmetric conjugate addition reaction using the compound having a heterocyclic skeleton as a catalyst.
  • Optically active compounds obtained by asymmetric conjugate addition reaction to electron-deficient olefin such as nitroolefin compound, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound and the like are useful as intermediates for synthesizing amines, amino acids, medicaments, agricultural chemicals, food additives and the like (e.g., Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 124, No. 44, p. 13097-13105 (2002 )), and various production methods have been reported so far.
  • a review of non-metal catalysts for use in asymmetric catalysis is given in Chemical Reviews, Vol 17. no. 12, 2007, p. 5713-5743 .
  • the asymmetric urea disclosed in compound the above-mentioned patent document 1 or patent document 2 is useful as an asymmetric catalyst for a production of an optically active compound by a stereoselectivity asymmetric conjugate addition reaction or carbon-nitrogen bond formation reaction, the yield and/or optical purity of the obtained optically active compoundhave room for improvement.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a compound having a heterocyclic skeleton, a tautomer thereof or a salt thereof (hereinafter these are sometimes to be generically referred to as "the compound of the present invention") which is useful as a non-metal asymmetric catalyst capable of achieving an asymmetric conjugate addition reaction or carbon-nitrogen bond formation reaction in a high yield and with high stereoselectivity, and to provide an asymmetric conjugate addition reaction or carbon-nitrogen bond formation reaction using the asymmetric catalyst.
  • the asymmetric catalyst provided according to the present invention can provide an advantageous production method of an optically active compound.
  • the present inventors took note of a compound wherein both of an acidic moiety that activates an electron-deficient olefin and a basic moiety that activates a nucleophilic reagent are bonded to optically active scaffolds, as a non-metallic asymmetric catalyst for a conjugate addition reaction, and conducted intensive studies. Consequently, they found a novel compound having a heterocyclic skeleton, which resulted in the completion of the present invention.
  • the present inventors took note of a compound wherein both of an acidic moiety that activates an azo compound and a basic moiety that activates a carbon atom having an activated hydrogen are bonded to optically active scaffolds, as a non-metallic asymmetric catalyst, and conducted intensive studies. Consequently, they found a novel compound having a heterocyclic skeleton, which resulted in the completion of the present invention.
  • compound (VII) can be produced in a high yield and with high stereoselectivity by conjugately adding nucleophilic reagent (VI) to compound (V) using compound (II) as an asymmetric catalyst.
  • compound (X) can be produced in a high yield and with high stereoselectivity by adding compound (IX) to compound (VIII) using compound (II) as an asymmetric catalyst.
  • the obtained compound (X) can be easily converted into the below-mentioned compound (XV) by the cleavage of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond.
  • compound (II) since compound (II) is non-metallic, it does not require treatments of metal waste liquid and the like, and therefore, it is an environmentally-friendly catalyst. Moreover, since it is non-metallic, the compound can be recovered and reused easily.
  • the present invention is described in detail in the following. First, each symbol used in the present description is defined in the following.
  • the alkyl used in the present invention is linear when it is free of a prefix (e.g., iso, neo, sec-, tert- and the like).
  • a simple propyl means linear propyl.
  • halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom. Preferred are a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.
  • C 1 -C 12 alkyl group examples include a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and the like.
  • Preferred is a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferred are methyl, ethyl and propyl.
  • Examples of the "C 1 -C 12 alkoxy group" for R 25 or R 26 include an alkoxy group wherein the alkyl moiety is the "C 1 -C 12 alkyl group” defined above, and specific examples thereof include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentoxy, isopentoxy, neopentoxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy and the like.
  • Preferred is a straight chain or branched chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferred are methoxy and ethoxy.
  • Examples of the "mono-C 1 -C 12 alkylamino group" for R 25 or R 26 include a mono-alkylamino group wherein the alkyl moiety is the "C 1 -C 12 alkyl group" defined above, and specific examples thereof include N-methylamino, N-ethylamino, N-propylamino, N-isopropylamino, N-butylamino, N-isobutylamino, N-sec-butylamino, N-tert-butylamino, N-pentylamino, N-isopentylamino, N-neopentylamino, N-hexylamino, N-heptylamino, N-octylamino, N-nonylamino, N-decylamino, N-undecylamino, N-dodecylamino and the like.
  • Examples of the "di-C 1 -C 12 alkylamino group" for R 25 or R 26 include a di-alkylamino group wherein the alkyl moieties are the same or different and each is the "C 1 -C 12 alkyl group" defined above, and specific examples thereof include N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, N,N-dipropylamino, N,N-diisopropylamino, N,N-dibutylamino, N,N-diisobutylamino, N,N-di-sec-butylamino, N,N-di-tert-butylamino, N,N-dipentylamino, N,N-diisopentylamino, N,N-dineopentylamino, N,N-dihexylamino, N,N-diheptylamino, N-methyl-N-ethyla
  • Examples of the "C 1 -C 12 alkyl group" of the “C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally substitued" for R 1 to R 24 , R 27 to R 34 or R 37 to R 46 include those same as the "C 1 -C 12 alkyl group" defined above.
  • the C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally has substituent(s) at substitutable position (s), and the substituent (s) include a C 1 -C 12 alkoxy group (exemplified by those defined above), a mono-C 1 -C 12 alkylamino group (exemplified by those defined above), a di-C 1 -C 12 alkylamino group (exemplified by those defined above), a halogen atom (exemplified by those defined above), a nitro group, a cyano group, and -COOR 51 wherein R 51 is a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group same as those defined above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the "C 1 -C 12 alkenyl group" of the "C 1 -C 12 alkenyl group optionally substituted” for R 3 or R 4 include a straight chain or branched chain alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl and the like.
  • the C 2 -C 12 alkenyl group optionally has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally substituted" mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the "C 1 -C 12 alkynyl group" of the “C 1 -C 12 alkynyl group optionally substituted” for R 3 or R 4 include a straight chain or branched chain alkynyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl and the like.
  • the C 2 -C 12 alkynyl group optionally has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally substituted mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the "C 1 -C 12 alkoxy group" of the "C 1 -C 12 alkoxy group optionally substituted” for R 7 to R 14 include those same as the "C 1 -C 12 alkoxy group” defined above.
  • the C 1 -C 12 alkoxy group optionally has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally substituted” mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the "aryl group” of the “aryl group optionally substituted” for R 1 to R 4 , R 7 to R 24 , R 27 to R 34 , or R 37 to R 46 include an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include phenyl, 1- or 2-naphthyl, biphenylyl, binaphthylyl and the like. Preferred is an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the aryl group has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group (exemplified by those defined above), a C 1 -C 2 alkoxy group (exemplified by those defined above), a mono-C 1 -C 12 alkylamino group (exemplified by those defined above), a di-C 1 -C 12 alkylamino group (exemplified by those defined above), a halogen atom (exemplified by those defined above), a haloalkyl group (i.e.
  • a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group (exemplified by those defined above) substituted by one or more halogen atoms, for example, trifluoromethyl etc.), a nitro group, a cyano group, and -COOR 51 (wherein R 51 is as defined above).
  • R 51 is as defined above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the "aralkyl group" of the “aralkyl group optionally substituted for R 1 to R 4 , R 7 to R 23 , R 28 to R 34 , or R 37 to R 46 include an aralkyl group wherein the "C 1 -C 12 alkyl group” defined above is substituted by the "aryl group” defined above at optional position(s), and specific examples thereof include benzyl, 1- or 2-phenethyl, 1-, 2- or 3-phenylpropyl, 1- or 2-naphthylmethyl, benzhydryl, trityl and the like.
  • the aralkyl group has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally substituted" mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • heteroaryl group of the “heteroaryl group optionally substituted” for R 15 to R 23 , R 28 to R 34 , R 37 to R 46 include a 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing, besides carbon atoms, 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom, a fused heterocyclic group thereof and the like.
  • Specific examples thereof include 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 3-furyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 1-, 2-, 4- or 5-imidazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-oxazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-thiazolyl, 1-, 3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isothiazolyl, 1,2,4-triazol-1-, 3-, 4- or 5-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-1-, 2- or 4-yl, 1H-tetrazol-1- or 5-yl, 2H-tetrazol-2- or 5-yl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-indolyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benzofuryl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benzothienyl, 1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benzimid
  • the heteroaryl group has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally substituted" mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the "hetero atom” of the “hetero atom optionally substituted” for R 15 to R 17 include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and the like.
  • the substituent that the hetero atom optionally has includes a "C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally substituted", an “aralkyl group optionally substituted", an “aryl group optionally substituted”, and a “heteroaryl group optionally substituted", each of which is defined above.
  • Examples of the “hetero atom” of the “hetero atom substituted” for R 24 or R 27 include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and the like.
  • the substituent that the hetero atom has includes a "C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally substituted", an “aralkyl group optionally substituted", an "aryl group optionally substituted” and a “heteroaryl group optionally substituted”, each of which is defined above, and -COOR 52 , -COR 53 and -SO 2 R 54 wherein R 52 , R 53 and R 54 are the same or different and each is an alkyl group same as those defined above.
  • Examples of the "aromatic ring" of the "imidazole ring condensed with an aromatic ring optionally having substituent(s)" for ring A-A, and the “aromatic ring” of the “pyrimidin-4-one ring condensed with an aromatic ring optionally having substituent(s)” for ring A-A include an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocycle.
  • Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include an aromatic hydrocarbon ring having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include benzene, 1- or 2-naphthalene, biphenyl, binaphthyl and the like. Preferred is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • aromatic heterocycle examples include thiophene, furan, pyrrole, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1H-tetrazole, 2H-tetrazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline and the like.
  • the aromatic ring has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally substituted" mentioned above. When it has substituent(s), the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • heterocycle of the “heterocycle optionally substituted” formed by R 1 and R 2 in combination, R 30 and R 31 in combination, R 38 and R 39 in combination, or R 44 and R 45 in combination together with the nitrogen atom they are bonded to include a 5- to 10-membered aliphatic heterocycle containing carbon atom(s) and at least one nitrogen atom and, besides these, optionally containing 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom.
  • Specific examples thereof include pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperazine and the like.
  • the heterocycle is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, binaphthyl and the like.
  • the heterocycle has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally substituted" mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • heterocycle of the “heterocycle optionally substituted” formed by R 3 and R 4 in combination together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to include a 5- to 10-membered aliphatic heterocycle containing carbon atom(s) and at least one nitrogen atom and, besides these, optionally containing 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom.
  • Specific examples thereof include pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperazine and the like.
  • the heterocycle is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, binaphthyl and the like.
  • the heterocycle has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally substituted" mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the "heterocycle” of the “heterocycle optionally substituted” formed by R 16 and R 17 in combination together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to include a 5- to 10-membered heterocycle having the double bond of compound (V) and containing, beside carbon atoms, 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom. Specific examples thereof include 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, 2,3- or 2,5-dihydrofuran, 2- or 3-pyrroline, 1,2,3,4- or 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and the like.
  • the heterocycle is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, binaphthyl and the like.
  • the heterocycle has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally substituted" mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the "heterocycle" of the “heterocycle optionally substituted” formed by R 24 and R 25 in combination together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to include a 5- to 10-membered heterocycle substituted by oxo and containing, beside carbon atoms, 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom. Specific examples thereof include tetrahydropyranone, tetrahydrofuranone, pyrrolidone, piperidone and the like.
  • the heterocycle is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, binaphthyl and the like.
  • the heterocycle has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally substituted" mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the "homocycle” of the “homocycle optionally substituted” formed by R 3 and R 4 in combination together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to include a cycloalkane having 3 to 7 carbon atoms (e.g., cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane etc.), a cycloalkene having 4 to 7 carbon atoms (e.g., cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene etc.) and the like.
  • a cycloalkane having 3 to 7 carbon atoms e.g., cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane etc.
  • a cycloalkene having 4 to 7 carbon atoms e.g., cyclobutene,
  • a cycloalkane having 3 to 6 carbon atoms e.g., cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane etc.
  • the homocycle is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, binaphthyl and the like.
  • the homocycle has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally substituted" mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the "homocycle” of the “homocycle optionally substituted” formed by R 16 and R 17 in combination together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to include a cycloalkene having 3 to 7 carbon atoms (e.g., cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene etc.) having the double bond of compound (V), and the like.
  • the homocycle is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, binaphthyl and the like.
  • the homocycle has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally substituted" mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Examples of the "homocycle” of the “homocycle optionally substituted” formed by R 24 and R 25 in combination together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to include a cycloalkanone having 3 to 7 carbon atoms (e.g., cyclobutanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone etc.) and a cycloalkenone having 3 to 7 carbon atoms (e.g., cyclopentenone, cyclohexenone, cycloheptenone etc.), each of which is substituted by oxo, and the like.
  • a cycloalkanone having 3 to 7 carbon atoms e.g., cyclobutanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone etc.
  • a cycloalkenone having 3 to 7 carbon atoms e.g., cyclopentenone, cyclohexenone, cycl
  • the homocycle is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, binaphthyl and the like.
  • the homocycle has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally substituted" mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • the "electron withdrawing group" for R 15 to R 17 or EWG is not particularly limited as long as it sufficiently absorbs the electron of the double bond of compound (V), so that the conjugate addition of nucleophilic reagent (VI) to the double bond can be afforded.
  • Examples thereof include a nitro group, a cyano group, -COR 18 , -SO 2 R 19 , -COOR 20 and -CONHCOR 21 , - PO(OR 22 )(OR 23 ) wherein each symbol is as defined above, and the like.
  • Preferred are a nitro group, -CONHCOR 21 and the like.
  • R 15 , R 16 , R 17 and EWG may be the same or different, however, R 15 and R 16 are not the same groups.
  • Examples of the "homocycle having an electron withdrawing group" of the “homocycle having an electron withdrawing group and optionally substituted” formed by R 18 and R 15 in combination together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to include a cycloalkenone having 4 to 7 carbon atoms (e.g., 2-cyclopenten-1-one , 2-cyclohexen-1-one , 2-cyclohepten-1-one etc.) and having the double bond of compound (V) and carbonyl as a an electron withdrawing group.
  • a cycloalkenone having 4 to 7 carbon atoms e.g., 2-cyclopenten-1-one , 2-cyclohexen-1-one , 2-cyclohepten-1-one etc.
  • Examples of the "homocycle having an electron withdrawing group" of the “homocycle having an electron withdrawing group and optionally substituted” formed by R 18 and R 17 in combination together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to include a cycloalkanone having 4 to 7 carbon atoms (e.g., cyclobutanone, 2-cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone etc.) having carbonyl as a an electron withdrawing group.
  • a cycloalkanone having 4 to 7 carbon atoms e.g., cyclobutanone, 2-cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone etc.
  • the "homocycle having an electron withdrawing group” is optionally condensed with aromatic hydrocarbon ring (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, binaphthyl etc.).
  • the "homocycle having an electron withdrawing group” has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally having substituted” mentioned above.
  • the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • the "electron withdrawing group" for R 35 or R 36 is not particularly limited as long as the adjacent carbon atom is acidified so that it can be anionized by the basic moiety (amino group) of compound (II).
  • the "ring having an electron withdrawing group" of the “ring having an electron withdrawing group and optionally substituted” formed by R 34 and R 35 in combination together with the carbon atom they are bonded to is not particularly limited as long as the electron withdrawing group has the above-mentioned properties.
  • Examples thereof include a cycloalkanone having a carbon number of 3 to 7 (e.g., cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptane etc.), a lactone having 3 to 5 carbon atoms (e.g., ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone etc.), a lactam having 3 to 5 carbon atoms (e.g., ⁇ -butyrolactam, 5-valerolactam etc.) and the like.
  • a cycloalkanone having a carbon number of 3 to 7 e.g., cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptane etc.
  • a lactone having 3 to 5 carbon atoms e.g., ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone etc.
  • a lactam having 3 to 5 carbon atoms e.g., ⁇ -butyrolactam, 5-valerolactam
  • the "ring having an electron withdrawing group” is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, binaphthyl and the like.
  • the "ring having an electron withdrawing group” has substituent(s) at substitutable position(s), and the substituent(s) include substituents same as those exemplified for the "aryl group optionally substituted" mentioned above. When it has substituent(s), the number of substituents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 3. When it is 2 or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
  • the "protecting group" for PG 1 or PG 2 is not particularly limited as long,as it is a protecting group known per se used as an amino-protecting group, it is preferably an electron-withdrawing protecting group from the aspect of the stabilization of the azo group of compound (VIII).
  • Examples of the protecting group include -CO 2 R 37 and -CONR 38 R 39 wherein each symbol is as defined above, and the like. Preferred are ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl and the like, and particularly preferred are tert-butoxycarbonyl and the like.
  • PG 1 and PG 2 may be the same or different.
  • the "asymmetric carbon" for C*, C**, C*** or C**** each has an independent absolute configuration, and is not particularly limited.
  • the absolute configurations of C* and C** in compound (II) can be appropriately selected to obtain compound (VII) or (X) having a desired configuration.
  • Compounds (I) to (V), (VII) and (X) may be in the form of a salt.
  • the salt include salts with inorganic acid (e.g., hydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate etc.); salts with organic acid (e.g., acetate, propionate, methanesulfonate, 4-toluenesulfonate, oxalate, maleate etc.); alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium salt, potassium salt etc.); alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium salt, magnesium salt etc.); salts with organic base (e.g., trimethylamine salt, triethylamine salt, pyridine salt, picoline salt, dicyclohexylamine salt etc.) and the like.
  • inorganic acid e.g., hydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate etc.
  • organic acid e.g.,
  • Compounds (I) to (III) may be a tautomer.
  • Examples of the tautomer of compound (III) include a compound represented by the formula (III'): wherein each symbol is as defined above, and the like.
  • each group is preferably in the following embodiment.
  • R 1 and R 2 are preferably the same or different and each is a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s), an aralkyl group optionally having substituent(s) or an aryl group optionally having substituent(s); are more preferably the same or different and each is a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s); are further more preferably the same or different and each is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally having substituent(s); are still more preferably the same or different and each is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and are particularly preferably methyl.
  • Ring A-A is preferably an imidazole ring condensed with a benzene ring optionally having substituent(s), or a pyrimidin-4-one ring condensed with a benzene ring optionally having substituent(s); more preferably an imidazole ring condensed with a benzene ring optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, or a pyrimidin-4-one ring condensed with a benzene ring optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms.
  • R 3 and R 4 in combination form, together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to, preferably a homocycle optionally having substituent(s), or a heterocycle optionally having substituent(s) (the homocycle and heterocycle are optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring); more preferably a homocycle optionally having substituent(s) (the homocycle is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring); further more preferably a cycloalkane having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally having substituent(s); still more preferably a cycloalkane having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; particularly preferably cyclohexane.
  • R 5 and R 6 are preferably both hydrogen atoms.
  • R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are preferably the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; and are more preferably the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom.
  • R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 are preferably the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; and are more preferably the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a chlorine atom.
  • R 15 , R 16 and R 17 are preferably the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s), an aralkyl group optionally having substituent(s), an aryl group optionally having substituent(s), a heteroaryl group optionally having substituent(s), a hetero atom optionally having substituent(s), and an electron withdrawing group; and are more preferably the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or an aryl group optionally having substituent(s). More preferably, R 15 and R 17 are both hydrogen atoms, and R 16 is an aryl group optionally having substituent(s).
  • R 15 and R 17 are both hydrogen atoms
  • R 16 is an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally having substituent(s).
  • R 15 and R 17 are both hydrogen atoms
  • R 16 is phenyl optionally having substituent(s).
  • R 15 and R 17 are both hydrogen atoms, and R 16 is phenyl.
  • EWG is preferably an electron withdrawing group selected from a nitro group and -CONHCOR 21 wherein R 21 is as defined above; more preferably an electron withdrawing group selected from a nitro group and -CONHCOR 21 wherein R 21 is a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s), an aralkyl group optionally having substituent(s), an aryl group optionally having substituent(s) or a heteroaryl group optionally having substituent(s); more preferably an electron withdrawing group selected from a nitro group and -CONHCOR 21 wherein R 21 is an aryl group optionally having substituent(s); further more preferably an electron withdrawing group selected from a nitro group and -CONHCOR 21 wherein R 21 is aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally having substituent(s); still more preferably an electron withdrawing group selected from a nitro group and -CONHCOR 21 wherein R 21 is phenyl optionally having substitu
  • Nu is preferably -CR 24 (COR 25 )(COR 26 ) or -CR 27 (CN) 2 wherein R 24 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 are as defined above; more preferably -CR 24 (COR 25 ) (COR 26 ) or -CR 27 (CN) 2 wherein R 24 is a hydrogen atom, R 25 and R 26 are the same or different and each is a C 1 -C 12 lower alkoxy group, and R 27 is a hydrogen atom; still more preferably -CR 24 (COR 25 )(COR 26 ) or -CR 27 (CN) 2 wherein R 24 is a hydrogen atom, R 25 and R 26 are the same or different and each is an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R 27 is a hydrogen atom; particularly preferably -CR 24 (COR 25 )(COR 26 ) or -CR 27 (CN) 2 wherein R 24 is a hydrogen atom, R 25 and R 26 are both ethoxy, R
  • PG 1 and PG 2 are preferably the same or different and each is -CO 2 R 37 or - CONR 38 R 39 wherein R 37 , R 38 and R 39 are as defined above; are more preferably the same or different and each is -CO 2 R 37 wherein R 37 is as defined above; are more preferably the same or different and each is -CO 2 R 37 wherein R 37 is a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s); are further more preferably the same or different and each is -CO 2 R 37 wherein R 37 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally having substituent(s); are still more preferably the same or different and each is - CO 2 R 37 wherein R 37 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and are particularly preferably the same or different and each is -CO 2 R 37 wherein R 37 is a tert-butyl group.
  • R 34 and R 35 in combination form, together with the carbon atom they are bonded to, preferably a ring having an electron withdrawing group and optionally having substituent(s) (the ring is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring); more preferably cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, 1-indanone or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxonaphthalene, each of which optionally has substituent(s); still more preferably 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxonaphthalene optionally having substituent(s); particularly preferably 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxonaphthalene.
  • optically active compound of compound (I) is compound (II).
  • R 3 and R 4 in combination form, together with the asymmetric carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to, a cycloalkane having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally having substituent(s), then R 5 and R 6 are preferably each a hydrogen atom and the absolute configuration of C * and C ** are preferably both S-configurations or both R-configurations.
  • compound (II) of the present invention include compound (III), which is a compound having a quinazolin-4-one skeleton. wherein each symbol is as defined above.
  • Compound (III) is preferably a compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each is a C 1 -C 2 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s), an aralkyl group optionally having substituent(s) or an aryl group optionally having substituent(s); R 3 and R 4 in combination form, together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to, a homocycle optionally having substituent(s), or a heterocycle optionally having substituent(s) (the homocycle and heterocycle are optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring); R 5 and R 6 are both hydrogen atoms; and R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
  • Compound (III) is more preferably a compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each is a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s); R 3 and R 4 in combination form, together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to, a homocycle optionally having substituent(s) (the homocycle is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring); R 5 and R 6 are both hydrogen atoms; and R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
  • Compound (III) is more preferably a compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally having substituent(s); R 3 and R 4 in combination form, together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to, a cycloalkane having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally having substituent(s); R 5 and R 6 are both hydrogen atoms; R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; and the absolute configuration of C * and C ** are both S-configurations or both R-configurations.
  • Compound (III) is further more preferably a compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 3 and R 4 in combination form, together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to, a cycloalkane having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; R 5 and R 6 are both hydrogen atoms; R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; and the absolute configuration of C * and C ** are both S-configurations or both R-configurations.
  • Compound (III) is still more preferably a compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are both methyl; R 3 and R 4 in combination form cyclohexane together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to; R 5 and R 6 are both hydrogen atoms; R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; and the absolute configuration of C * and C ** are both S-configurations or both R-configurations.
  • Compound (III) is particularly preferably an optically active compound represented by
  • compound (II) of the present invention include compound (IV), which is a compound having a benzimidazole skeleton.
  • Compound (IV) is preferably a compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each is a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s), an aralkyl group optionally having substituent(s) or an aryl group optionally having substituent(s); R 3 and R 4 in combination form, together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to, a homocycle optionally having substituent(s), or a heterocycle optionally having substituent(s) (the homocycle and heterocycle are optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring); R 5 and R 6 are both hydrogen atoms; and R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
  • Compound (IV) is more preferably a compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each is a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s); R 3 and R 4 in combination form, together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to, a homocycle optionally having substituent(s) (the homocycle is optionally condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring); R 5 and R 6 are both hydrogen atoms; and R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
  • Compound (IV) is more preferably a compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally having substituent(s); R 3 and R 4 in combination form, together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to, a cycloalkane having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally having substituent(s); R 5 and R 6 are both hydrogen atoms; R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; and the absolute configuration of C * and C ** are both S-configurations or both R-configurations.
  • Compound (IV) is further more preferably a compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 3 and R 4 in combination form, together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to, a cycloalkane having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; R 5 and R 6 are both hydrogen atoms; R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; and the absolute configuration of C * and C ** are both S-configurations or both R-configurations.
  • Compound (IV) is still more preferably a compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are both methyl; R 3 and R 4 in combination form cyclohexane together with the carbon atoms they are respectively bonded to; R 5 and R 6 are both hydrogen atoms; R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a chlorine atom; and the absolute configuration of C * and C ** are both S-configurations or both R-configurations.
  • Compound (IV) is particularly preferably an optically active compound represented by
  • Examples of the "leaving group" for X include a halogen atom, an alkanesulfonyloxy group optionally having substituent(s) and optionally substituted arenesulfonyloxy group.
  • Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom. Preferred are a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.
  • alkanesulfonyloxy group of the alkanesulfonyloxy group optionally having substituent(s) examples include an alkanesulfonyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy and the like, and the like.
  • substituent examples include a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom) and the like. Specific examples thereof include methanesulfonyloxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy and the like.
  • Examples of the arenesulfonyloxy group of the arenesulfonyloxy group optionally having substituent(s) include an arenesulfonyloxy having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as benzenesulfonyloxy and the like, and the like.
  • Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom) and the like. Specific examples thereof include benzenesulfonyloxy, p-toluenesulfonyloxy and the like.
  • Compound (I) can be produced by reacting the compound represented by the formula (XI) (hereinafter referred to as compound (XI)) with the compound represented by the formula (XII) (hereinafter referred to as compound (XII)) in the presence of a base, in a solvent.
  • the amount of compound (XII) to be used is generally 1.0 mol to 5.0 mol, preferably 1.0 mol to 2.0 mol, per 1 mol of compound (XI).
  • Examples of the base include organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, picoline, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-5-nonene, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene and the like; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and the like; alkali metal hydrogencarbonates such as sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate and the like, and the like.
  • organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, picoline, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-5-nonene, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1,8-d
  • the amount of the base to be used is generally 1.0 mol to 5.0 mol, preferably 1.0 mol to 2.0 mol, per 1 mol of compound (XI).
  • the order of addition of compound (XI), compound (XII) and the base is not particularly limited, and they may be simultaneously or successively added to a solvent.
  • the solvent may be any as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and for example, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isoamyl alcohol and the like; halogenated solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -trifluorotoluene and the like; ether solvents such as methyl tert-butyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and the like; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate; hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and the like can be used alone or in a mixture.
  • alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isoamyl alcohol and the like
  • halogenated solvents such as methylene chloride, chlor
  • the amount of the solvent to be used is generally 0.5 L to 30 L, more preferably 1.0 L to 5.0 L, per 1 kg of compound (XI).
  • the reaction temperature is preferably near the boiling point of the solvent, and when isoamyl alcohol is used, it is 110°C to 140°C. While the reaction time varies depending on the kind of the starting material to be used (e.g., compound (XI), compound (XII)) and the reaction temperature, it is generally 1.0 hr to 200 hr, preferably 3.0 hr to 100 hr.
  • the obtained compound (I) can be isolated and purified according to a conventional method.
  • compound (I) can be isolated by pouring the reaction mixture into water to partition the mixture, and washing and concentrating the organic layer under reduced pressure; or by concentrating the reaction mixture. After isolation, the obtained product is purified, for example, by silica gel column chromatography, which is not to be construed as limitative.
  • Compound (XI) which is a starting material can be produced according to a known method (e.g., the method described in Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2000, 8, 2305 ; J. Med. Chem., 2006, 49, 3719 ; Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2003, 11, 2439 ; J. Med. Chem., 2007, 20, 2297 and the like).
  • Compound (XII) which is another starting material can be produced according to a known method (e.g., the method described in Tetrahedron, 57, 1765-1769 (2001 )).
  • a compound represented by the formula (XIIa): wherein each symbol is as defined above, which is preferably embodiment of the present invention can be produced according to the method described in Tetrahedron Letters, 41, 8431-8434 (2000 ).
  • compound (VII) can be produced by conjugately adding nucleophilic reagent (VI) to compound (V) in the presence of compound (II), in a solvent or without solvent.
  • Compound (VII) produced according to this reaction is optically active, wherein the optical purity is not particularly limited.
  • An enantiomer excess measured by HPLC analysis using chiral column is generally not less than 50% e.e., preferably not less than 90% e.e.
  • the conjugate addition means in compound (V), an addition reaction of nucleophilic reagent (VI) to a carbon not bonded to EWG (i.e., ⁇ -carbon) among from the carbons of the double bond conjugate-bonded to the electron withdrawing group for EWG.
  • the amount of compound (II) to be used is preferably 0.01 mol to 1.00 mol, more preferably 0.05 mol to 0.20 mol, per 1 mol of compound (V).
  • the amount of nucleophilic reagent (VI) to be used is generally 1 mol to 10 mol, preferably 1.2 mol to 3 mol, per 1 mol of compound (V).
  • the reaction can be carried out in a solvent or without solvent.
  • the reaction without solvent is economically advantageous, and industrially advantageous from the aspect of high volume efficiency.
  • the solvent may be any as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and for example, halogenated solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -trifluorotoluene and the like; ether solvents such as methyl tert-butyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and the like; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate and the like; hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene and the like; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and the like can be used alone or in a mixture.
  • toluene or methylene chloride is preferably used.
  • a mixed solvent When a mixed solvent is used, they may be mixed at any ratio.
  • the amount of the solvent to be used is generally 1 L to 100 L, preferably 10 L to 30 L, per 1 kg of compound (V).
  • the order of addition of the reagents is not particularly limited, and compound (II), compound (V) and nucleophilic reagent (VI) may be simultaneously or successively added to a solvent.
  • the reaction temperature is generally -78°C to 100°C, preferably 0°C to 40°C. While the reaction time varies depending on the reagents to be used and the reaction temperature, it is generally 0.1 hr to 100 hr.
  • the obtained compound (VII) can be isolated and purified according to a conventional method.
  • compound (VII) can be isolated by pouring the reaction mixture into water to partition the mixture, and washing and concentrating the organic layer under reduced pressure; or by concentrating the reaction mixture.
  • the obtained product is purified, for example, by silica gel column chromatography, which is not to be construed as limitative.
  • Compound (II) can be easily separated and recovered during isolation and purification of compound (VII).
  • compound (II) can be separated from compound (VII) during extraction by transferring compound (II) in the form of a salt into the aqueous layer by treating the reaction mixture with an aqueous acidic solution (e.g., hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid etc.). After neutralization of the aqueous solution, it is extracted with an organic solvent (e.g., ethyl acetate, toluene, chloroform, methylene chloride etc.) to recover compound (II).
  • Compound (II) may also be separated and recovered by silica gel column chromatograph.
  • Compound (V) which is a starting material can be produced according to a known method, for example, by subjecting a carbonyl compound represented by the following formula (XIII) and an active methylene compound represented by the following formula (XIV) to dehydration condensation. wherein each symbol is as defined above.
  • Examples of the dehydration condensation include aldol condensation, Knoevenagel reaction, Perkin reaction and the like, and modification of these methods.
  • trans- ⁇ -nitrostyrene and the like which are preferable examples of compound (V), may be commercially available products.
  • Nucleophilic reagent (VI) which is a starting material can be produced according to a known method, for example, the method described in Tetrahedron Letters, 39, 8013-8016 (1998 ), Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 4029-4035(1988 ) and the like.
  • diethyl malonate and the like which are preferable examples of nucleophilic reagent (VI), may be commercially available products.
  • Compound (VII) is useful as an intermediate for synthesizing amines, amino acids, medicaments, agricultural chemicals, food additives and the like.
  • ethyl (R)-3-(3-cyclopentyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-nitrobutyrate which is one example of compound (VII)
  • (R)-Rolipram antagonistidepressant
  • compound (X) can be produced by nucleophilically adding compound (IX) to compound (VIII) in the presence of compound (II).
  • Compound (X) produced according to this reaction is optically active, wherein the optical purity is not particularly limited.
  • An enantiomer excess measured by HPLC analysis using chiral column is generally not less than 63% e.e., preferably not less than 76% e.e.
  • the amount of compound (II) to be used is preferably 0.01 mol to 1.00 mol, more preferably 0.05 mol to 0.20 mol, per 1 mol of compound (VIII).
  • the amount of compound (IX) to be used is generally 1 mol to 2 mol, preferably 1 mol to 1.1 mol, per 1 mol of compound (VIII).
  • the reaction can be carried out in a solvent or without solvent.
  • the reaction without solvent is economically advantageous, and industrially advantageous from the aspect of high volume efficiency.
  • the solvent may be any as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, for example, halogenated solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -trifluorotoluene and the like; ether solvents such as diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and the like; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate and the like; hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, toluene, xylene and the like; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and the like can be used alone or in a mixture.
  • toluene, methylene chloride, diethyl ether or hexane is preferably used.
  • a mixed solvent When a mixed solvent is used, they may be mixed at any ratio.
  • the amount of the solvent to be used is generally 1 L to 100 L, preferably 10 L to 50 L, per 1 kg of compound (VIII).
  • the order of addition of the reagents is not particularly limited, compound (II), compound (VIII) and compound (IX) may be simultaneously or successively added to a solvent.
  • reaction temperature varies depending on the reagents to be used, it is generally -78°C to 100°C, preferably -78°C to 0°C.
  • reaction time varies depending on the reagents to be used and the reaction temperature, it is generally 25 hr to 100 hr.
  • the obtained compound (X) can be isolated and purified according to a conventional method.
  • compound (X) can be isolated by pouring the reaction mixture into water to partition the mixture, and washing and concentrating the organic layer under reduced pressure; or by concentrating the reaction mixture.
  • the obtained product is purified, for example, by silica gel column chromatography, which is not to be construed as limitative.
  • Compound (II) can be easily separated and recovered during isolation and purification of compound (X).
  • compound (II) can be separated from compound (X) during extraction by transferring compound (II) in the form of a salt into the aqueous layer by treating the mixture with an aqueous acidic solution (e.g., hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid etc.). After neutralization of the aqueous solution, it is extracted with an organic solvent (e.g., ethyl acetate, toluene, chloroform, methylene chloride etc.) to recover compound (II).
  • Compound (II) may also be separated and recovered by silica gel column chromatograph.
  • Compound (X) can be converted into compound (XV) according to a method known per se, for example, according to the method described in 1) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1790-1793 , or 2) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 8120-8121 . That is, compound (XV) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (X) with a base or an acid in a solvent or without solvent to remove the protecting group (PG 1 and PG 2 ), and then subjecting the resulting compound to a catalytic reduction or reacting the resulting compound with zinc powder to reduce the nitrogen-nitrogen bond.
  • the reaction can be carried out according to the reaction conditions described in the above-mentioned document, and therefore, the detail of the reaction conditions is omitted.
  • Compound (VIII) which is a starting material may be commercially available product.
  • Compound (IX) which is a starting material can be selected, without limitation, from known compounds, depending on the object.
  • Compound (X) and compound (XV) may be useful as an intermediate for synthesizing amines, amino acids, medicaments, agricultural chemicals, food additives and the like. Examples
  • trans- ⁇ -Nitrostyrene (34.3 mg, 0.23 mmol), diethyl malonate (0.065 mL, 0.46 mmol) and the compound (10 mol%) shown in the following Table 1 as an asymmetric catalyst were stirred in toluene (0.4 mL) at room temperature.
  • compound (VII) can be produced in a high yield and with high stereoselectivity by conjugately adding nucleophilic reagent (VI) to compound (V) using compound (II) as an asymmetric catalyst.
  • compound (X) can be produced in a high yield and with high stereoselectivity by adding compound (IX) to compound (VIII) using compound (II) as an asymmetric catalyst.
  • the obtained compound (X) can be easily converted into compound (XV) by the cleavage of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond.
  • compound (II) since compound (II) is non-metallic, it does not require treatments of metal waste liquid and the like, and therefore, it is an environmentally-friendly catalyst. Moreover, since it is non-metallic, the compound can be recovered and reused easily.

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Claims (15)

  1. Verbindung mit einem heterocyclischen Gerüst, die durch die Formel (I) dargestellt wird:
    Figure imgb0049
     wobei
    R1 und R2 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, sind oder
    R1 und R2 in Kombination zusammen mit dem Stickstoffatom, an das sie gebunden sind, einen Heterocyclus bilden, der gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, wobei der Heterocyclus gegebenenfalls mit einem aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffring kondensiert ist;
    Ring A-A ein Imidazolring ist, der mit einem aromatischen Ring kondensiert ist, welcher gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder ein Pyromidin-4-on-Ring ist, der mit einem aromatischen Ring kondensiert ist, welcher gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist;
    R3 und R4 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine C2-C12-Alkenylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine C2-C12-Alkinyl-gruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, sind oder
    R3 und R4 in Kombination zusammen mit den Kohlenstoffatomen, an die sie jeweils gebunden sind, einen Homocyclus, der gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder einen Heterocyclus, der gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, bilden, wobei der Homocyclus und der Heterocyclus gegebenenfalls mit einem aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffring kondensiert sind; und
    R5 und R6 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils ein Wasserstoffatom oder eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, sind;
    ein Tautomer davon oder ein Salz davon; und
    wobei A ein Substituent ist, der aus einer C1-C12-Alkoxygruppe, einer Mono-C1-C12-alkylaminogruppe, einer Di-C1-C12-alkylaminogruppe, einem Halogenatom, einer Nitrogruppe, einer Cyanogruppe und -COOR51, wobei R51 eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe ist, ausgewählt ist; und
    B ein Substituent ist, der aus einer C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, einer C1-C12-Alkoxygruppe, einer Mono-C1-C12-alkylaminogruppe, einer Di-C1-C12-alkylaminogruppe, einem Halogenatom, einer C1-C12-Halogenalkylgruppe, einer Nitrogruppe, einer Cyanogruppe und -COOR51, wobei R51 eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe ist, ausgewählt ist.
  2. Verbindung gemäß Anspruch 1, die durch die Formel (II) dargestellt wird:
    Figure imgb0050
     wobei
    C* und C** jeweils ein asymmetrisches Kohlenstoffatom sind, ein Tautomer davon oder ein Salz davon.
  3. Verbindung gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei R1 und R2 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, sind, ein Tautomer davon oder ein Salz davon.
  4. Verbindung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei R3 und R4 in Kombination zusammen mit den Kohlenstoffatomen, an die sie jeweils gebunden sind, ein Cycloalkan mit 3 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen bilden, das gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, ein Tautomer davon oder ein Salz davon.
  5. Verbindung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei R5 und R6 beides Wasserstoffatome sind, ein Tautomer davon oder ein Salz davon.
  6. Verbindung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, wobei C* und C** beide R-Konfigurationen oder beide S-Konfigurationen darstellen, ein Tautomer davon oder ein Salz davon.
  7. Verbindung gemäß Anspruch 2, die durch die Formel (III) dargestellt wird:
    Figure imgb0051
     wobei
    R7, R8, R9 und R10 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils ein Wasserstoffatom, ein Halogenatom, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder eine C1-C12-Alkoxygruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, sind,
    ein Tautomer davon oder ein Salz davon.
  8. Verbindung gemäß Anspruch 7, die durch die folgende Formel dargestellt wird:
    Figure imgb0052
    Figure imgb0053
     ein Tautomer davon oder ein Salz davon.
  9. Verbindung gemäß Anspruch 2, die durch die Formel (IV) dargestellt wird:
    Figure imgb0054
     wobei
    R11, R12, R13 und R14 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils ein Wasserstoffatom, ein Halogenatom, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder eine C1-C12-Alkoxygruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, sind,
    oder ein Salz davon.
  10. Verbindung gemäß Anspruch 9, die durch die folgende Formel
    Figure imgb0055
     dargestellt wird, oder ein Salz davon.
  11. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbindung, die durch die Formel (VII) dargestellt wird:
    Figure imgb0056
     wobei
    R15, R16 und R17 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils ein Wasserstoffatom, eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, eine Heteroarylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, ein Heteroatom, das gegebenenfalls mit C substituiert ist, und eine elektronenziehende Gruppe sind oder R16 und R17 in Kombination zusammen mit den Kohlenstoffatomen, an die sie jeweils gebunden sind, einen Homocyclus, der gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder einen Heterocyclus, der gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, bilden, wobei der Homocyclus und der Heterocyclus gegebenenfalls mit einem aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffring kondensiert sind, mit der Maßgabe, dass R15 und R16 nicht dieselben Gruppen sind;
    EWG eine elektronenziehende Gruppe ist, die aus einer Nitrogruppe, einer Cyanogruppe, -COR18, -SO2R19, -COOR20, -CONHCOR21 und -PO(OR22)(OR23) ausgewählt ist;
    wobei
    R18, R19, R20, R21 R22 und R23 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils ein Wasserstoffatom, eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder eine Heteroarylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, sind oder
    R18 und R15 oder R18 und R17 in Kombination zusammen mit den Kohlenstoffatomen, an die sie jeweils gebunden sind, einen Homocyclus bilden, der eine elektronenziehende Gruppe aufweist und gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, wobei der Homocyclus gegebenenfalls mit einem aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffring kondensiert ist;
    Nu = -CR24(COR25)(COR26), -CR27(CN)2, -OR28, -SR29, -NR30R31 oder -C(NO2)R32R33,
    wobei
    R24 ein Wasserstoffatom, ein Halogenatom, ein Heteroatom, das mit D substituiert ist, eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, oder eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, ist;
    R25 und R26 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils ein Wasserstoffatom, eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, eine C1-C12-Alkoxygruppe, eine Mono-C1-C12-alkylaminogruppe oder eine Di-C1-C12-alkylaminogruppe sind; oder
    R24 und R25 in Kombination zusammen mit den Kohlenstoffatomen, an die sie jeweils gebunden sind, einen Homocyclus, der gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder einen Heterocyclus, der gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, bilden, wobei der Homocyclus und der Heterocyclus gegebenenfalls mit einem aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffring kondensiert sind;
    R27 ein Wasserstoffatom, ein Halogenatom, ein Heteroatom, das mit D substituiert ist, eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, oder eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, ist;
    R28, R29, R30, R31, R32 und R33 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils ein Wasserstoffatom, eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder eine Heteroarylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, sind oder
    R30 und R31 in Kombination zusammen mit dem Stickstoffatom, an das sie gebunden sind, einen Heterocyclus bilden, der gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, wobei der Heterocyclus gegebenenfalls mit einem aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffring kondensiert ist, oder
    eine Azidogruppe ist; und
    C*** ein asymmetrisches Kohlenstoffatom ist;
    oder eines Salzes davon, umfassend das konjugierte Addieren eines nucleophilen Reagens, das durch die folgende Formel (VI) dargestellt wird:

            H-Nu     (VI),

    wobei Nu wie oben definiert ist, an eine Verbindung, die durch die Formel (V) dargestellt wird:
    Figure imgb0057
     wobei jedes Symbol wie oben definiert ist, oder ein Salz davon in Gegenwart der Verbindung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, eines Tautomers davon oder eines Salzes davon;
    wobei A und B wie in Anspruch 1 definiert sind;
    C ein Substituent ist, der aus einer C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, einer Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, einer Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, und einer Heteroarylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, ausgewählt ist; und
    D ein Substituent ist, der aus einer C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, einer Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, einer Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, einer Heteroarylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, -COOR52, -COR53 und -SO2R54, wobei R52, R53 und R54 C1-C12-Alkylgruppen sind, ausgewählt ist.
  12. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbindung, die durch die Formel (X) dargestellt wird:
    Figure imgb0058
     wobei
    PG1 und PG2 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils eine Schutzgruppe sind;
    R34 ein Wasserstoffatom, eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder eine Heteroarylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, ist;
    R35 und R36 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils eine elektronenziehende Gruppe sind, mit der Maßgabe, dass R35 und R36 nicht dieselben Gruppen sind; oder
    R34 und R35 in Kombination zusammen mit dem Kohlenstoffatom, an das sie gebunden sind, einen Ring bilden, der eine elektronenziehende Gruppe aufweist und gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, wobei der Ring gegebenenfalls mit einem aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffring kondensiert ist; und
    C**** ein asymmetrisches Kohlenstoffatom ist;
    oder eines Salzes davon, umfassend das Addieren einer Verbindung, die durch die Formel (IX) dargestellt wird:
    Figure imgb0059
     wobei jedes Symbol wie oben definiert ist, an eine Verbindung, die durch die Formel (VIII) dargestellt wird:
    Figure imgb0060
     wobei jedes Symbol wie oben definiert ist, in Gegenwart der Verbindung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, eines Tautomers davon oder eines Salzes davon;
    wobei A und B wie in Anspruch 1 definiert sind.
  13. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12, wobei PG1 und PG2 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils -CO2R37 oder -CONR38R39 sind,
    wobei
    R37, R38 und R39 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder eine Heteroarylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, sind; oder
    R38 und R39 in Kombination zusammen mit dem Stickstoffatom, an das sie gebunden sind, einen Heterocyclus bilden, der gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, wobei der Heterocyclus gegebenenfalls mit einem aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffring kondensiert ist.
  14. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12 oder 13, wobei R35 und R36 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils eine Cyanogruppe, eine Nitrogruppe, -P(=O)R40R41, -SO2R42, -CO2R43, -CONR44R45 oder -COR46 sind,
    wobei
    R40, R41, R42, R43, R44, R45 und R46 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils ein Wasserstoffatom, eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit A substituiert ist, eine Aralkylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, eine Arylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, oder eine Heteroarylgruppe, die gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, sind; oder
    R44 und R45 in Kombination zusammen mit dem Stickstoffatom, an das sie gebunden sind, einen Heterocyclus bilden, der gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, wobei der Heterocyclus gegebenenfalls mit einem aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffring kondensiert ist.
  15. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, wobei es sich bei dem durch R34 und R35 gebildeten Ring, der eine elektronenziehende Gruppe aufweist und gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert ist, um Cyclopentanon, Cyclohexanon, 1-Indanon oder 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-oxonaphthalin handelt, die jeweils gegebenenfalls mit B substituiert sind.
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