EP2411420A1 - Verwendung nichtionischer tenside als emulgatoren für die emulsionspolymerisation (iii) - Google Patents
Verwendung nichtionischer tenside als emulgatoren für die emulsionspolymerisation (iii)Info
- Publication number
- EP2411420A1 EP2411420A1 EP10709968A EP10709968A EP2411420A1 EP 2411420 A1 EP2411420 A1 EP 2411420A1 EP 10709968 A EP10709968 A EP 10709968A EP 10709968 A EP10709968 A EP 10709968A EP 2411420 A1 EP2411420 A1 EP 2411420A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- emulsion polymerization
- propylene oxide
- compounds
- ethylene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 alkyl radical Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RMRFFCXPLWYOOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl radical Chemical compound [CH2]C=C RMRFFCXPLWYOOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
- C08F2/30—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents non-ionic
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of special surfactants as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization, furthermore to the polymer dispersions preparable using these surfactants and to a process for preparing these polymer dispersions.
- Emulsion polymerization is a special process of polymerization in which low-water-soluble monomers are emulsified in water with the aid of emulsifiers and polymerized using water-soluble initiators such as potassium peroxodisulfate or redox initiators.
- water-soluble initiators such as potassium peroxodisulfate or redox initiators.
- Anionic and / or nonionic surfactants are the essential ingredients here.
- surfactants are often diluted with water or incorporated into an aqueous reaction solution; the surfactants are then present in the concentration required for the emulsion polymerization process.
- the surfactants generally undergo a wide concentration range, especially if they are previously present as 100% systems, ie anhydrous. Frequently, this works in the temperature range around 25 ° C.
- Many surfactants show a miscibility gap with water, depending on the temperature and the concentration. This means that they are not soluble in water there, as evidenced by the formation of an insoluble gel block that prevents immediate further processing of the reaction mixture. This is an extremely undesirable process. Description of the invention
- the central task to be solved by the emulsifier systems to be developed has been to effectively prevent the appearance of gel phases caused by the addition of surfactants or aqueous surfactant solutions in the course of emulsion polymerization processes.
- the present invention is first the use of aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants as gel phase emulsifier systems for emulsion polymerization, wherein the nonionic surfactants selected from the group (a) the addition products of 1 to 40 moles of ethylene and / or propylene oxide per mole of allyl alcohol, and
- nonionic surfactants selected from the group (a) of the adducts of 1 to 40 moles of ethylene and / or propylene oxide per mole of allyl alcohol, and
- nonionic surfactants are selected from groups (a) and (b) as defined above:
- the surfactants are selected exclusively from the compounds of class (a).
- the surfactants are selected exclusively from the compounds of class (b).
- the surfactants are selected exclusively from both the compounds of class (a) and the compounds of class (b), that is to say, the emulsifiers used are exclusively mixtures of compounds (a) and (b).
- a further subject of the present invention is a process for the preparation of aqueous latices by emulsion polymerization, aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants being used as gel-phase-free emulsifier systems in the course of emulsion polymerization, the nonionic surfactants being selected from group (a) of the adducts of 1 to 40 moles of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide per mole of allyl alcohol, and (b) the adducts of 1 to 40 moles of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide per mole of allyl alcohol, the OH group of these addition products being end group-capped in the sense that that it is replaced by a group OR, where R is an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched.
- emulsifiers in addition to one or more surfactants from the group of compounds (a) and (b) as further e
- R 3 is not an allyl radical
- the compounds (a) to (e) each contain a segment which is composed of 1 to 40 linked ethylene oxide units (EO) and / or propylene oxide units (PO).
- This segment can be constructed either exclusively EO or exclusively from PO units. But it is also possible that it consists of both EO and PO units; in this case, the EO or PO units may be statically distributed or block by block.
- the synthesis of the compounds (a) to (e) can be carried out by methods known to those skilled in the art. In particular, the usual techniques of ethoxylation or propoxylation apply to the introduction of the EO / PO segments: these are generally carried out at elevated temperatures. and elevated pressure in the presence of suitable alkoxylation catalysts. The choice of the alkoxylation catalyst influences the so-called homolog distribution.
- the compounds (a) are adducts of 1 to 40 moles of ethylene and / or propylene oxide per mole of allyl alcohol.
- the compounds (b) are adducts of 1 to 40 moles of ethylene and / or propylene oxide per mole of allyl alcohol, wherein the OH group of these addition products is end-capped in the sense that it is replaced by a group OR, wherein R is an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched.
- the compounds (c) are compounds of the formula R'-OXR 2 , wherein X is a segment which is composed of 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide units linked together and in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 independently - gig each other alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, each of which may be saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched, with the proviso that the radicals R 1 and R 2 are not allyl radicals.
- X is a segment which is composed of 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide units linked together and in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 independently - gig each other alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, each of which may be saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched, with the proviso that the radicals R 1 and R 2 are not allyl radicals.
- the compounds (d) are compounds of the formula R 3 -OXH, where X is a segment which is made up of 1 to 40 mutually linked ethylene and / or propylene oxide units and wherein R 3 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 C Atom, which may be saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched, with the proviso that R 3 is not an allyl radical.
- Compounds (e) are compounds of the formula H-O-X-H, wherein X is a segment made up of 1 to 40 ethylene and / or propylene oxide units linked together.
- the compounds from group (a) and (b) to be used according to the invention if desired in combination with compounds from group (c), (d) and (e), can be used as sole emulsifiers (primary emulsifiers) in emulsion polymerization. However, it is also possible to use them together with one or more anionic, cationic or (other, different from the compounds (a) to (e)) nonionic emulsifiers.
- nonionic emulsifiers according to the invention are used in combination with anionic emulsifiers, in particular those selected from the group of known fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, sulfosuccinates, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkylaryl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, fatty acid sulfonates, phosphate esters, olefin sulfates, Alkanesulfonates, ⁇ -sulfomonocarboxylic acid esters.
- anionic emulsifiers in particular those selected from the group of known fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, sulfosuccinates, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkylaryl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, fatty acid sulfonates, phosphate esters, olefin
- emulsifiers which are selected in particular from the group of nonionic and / or anionic surfactants, and one or more emulsifiers of group (a) and (b) - if desired in combination with compounds of the group (c), (d) and (e) - to meter only after completion of the polymerization of the finished latices, where they then act in the sense of a Nachstabilmaschine the aqueous latices.
- the compounds of group (a) and (b) - if desired in combination with compounds from group (c), (d) and (e) - both during the emulsion and after the emulsion polymerization may be desirable to use the compounds of group (a) and (b) - if desired in combination with compounds from group (c), (d) and (e) - in mixture with other surfactants or as sole surfactants.
- the emulsion polymerization is started in the presence of classical anionic surfactants or mixtures of classical anionic and nonionic surfactants and then one or more emulsifiers of group (a) and (b) - if desired in combination with compounds from group (c), (i ) and (e) - toward the end of the emulsion polymerization and additionally after completion of the polymerization; in this variant, the emulsifiers of group (a) and (b) - if desired in combination with compounds from group (c), (d) and (e) - on the one hand as emulsifiers during the emulsion and on the other in the sense of a post-stabilization the aqueous latices.
- the compounds of group (a) and (b) are used, if desired, in combination with compounds from group (c), (d) and (e), irrespective of whether they are already used during the emulsion polymerization in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably from 0.1 to 5 wt .-% and in particular from 0.1 to 3 wt .-% - the wt .-% - information is in each case to the total amount of monomers used in the emulsion polymerization - a.
- polymers and copolymers in the aqueous latices is not particularly limited per se.
- polymers or copolymers based on the following monomer units are particularly preferred: acrylic acid, acrylic acid esters, butadiene, methacrylic acid, methacrylic acid esters, styrene, vinyl acetate and vinyl versatate.
- a further subject of the invention are aqueous polymer dispersions obtainable by the process according to the invention described above.
- FA-30EO addition product of 30 mol of ethylene oxide onto a fatty alcohol (Disponil LS 30, Cognis)
- Breox I ethylene oxide adduct of allyl alcohol (Breox AA E 450 H, Fa.
- Disponil AFX 3070 modified ethoxylated fatty alcohol (Cognis)
- a surfactant mixture was prepared by mixing the following components: 455 g FA-30EO and 195 g Breox I. The active substance content of the mixture was 100%.
- the surfactant mixture according to the invention was continuously diluted with demineralized water at 25.degree. C. until its concentration was 30%. During the entire dilution process, no gel phases occurred, i. the surfactant mixture remained completely dissolved in water; the aqueous solution showed no inhomogeneities.
- concentrations given in Table 1 one sample each was taken and slowly cooled in a temperature bath until its pour point was reached. Table 1 shows the relationship between concentration K and pour point S.
- Disponil AFX 3070 300 g were diluted according to the procedure in Example 1 in the concentration range of 65% to 35% with demineralized water. In the At the concentrations indicated in Table 2, a sample was taken and analyzed for pour point as described in Example 1. Table indicates the corresponding pour points. In the concentration range of about 60% to about 40%, the solution shows a miscibility gap, which was evident by the appearance of a gel block.
- Example 1 The use of the emulsifiers according to Example 1 had no negative effects on the properties of the latexes produced in their use in the emulsion polymerization. This was independent of the nature of the monomers used for the polymerization - in particular acrylate, styrene / acrylate and VeoVa monomer systems were tested.
- polymer dispersions prepared using the surfactant mixtures according to the invention have an increased shear stability.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10709968A EP2411420A1 (de) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-13 | Verwendung nichtionischer tenside als emulgatoren für die emulsionspolymerisation (iii) |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09004160A EP2239276A1 (de) | 2009-03-24 | 2009-03-24 | Verwendung nichtionischer Tenside als Emulgatoren für die Emulsionspolymerisation III |
| EP10709968A EP2411420A1 (de) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-13 | Verwendung nichtionischer tenside als emulgatoren für die emulsionspolymerisation (iii) |
| PCT/EP2010/001606 WO2010108613A1 (de) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-13 | Verwendung nichtionischer tenside als emulgatoren für die emulsionspolymerisation (iii) |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2411420A1 true EP2411420A1 (de) | 2012-02-01 |
Family
ID=41077714
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09004160A Withdrawn EP2239276A1 (de) | 2009-03-24 | 2009-03-24 | Verwendung nichtionischer Tenside als Emulgatoren für die Emulsionspolymerisation III |
| EP10709968A Withdrawn EP2411420A1 (de) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-13 | Verwendung nichtionischer tenside als emulgatoren für die emulsionspolymerisation (iii) |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09004160A Withdrawn EP2239276A1 (de) | 2009-03-24 | 2009-03-24 | Verwendung nichtionischer Tenside als Emulgatoren für die Emulsionspolymerisation III |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8779075B2 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP2239276A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP5722303B2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010108613A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2422272T3 (es) | 2010-11-18 | 2013-09-10 | Cognis Ip Man Gmbh | Composiciones acuosas de baja viscosidad |
| WO2020061516A1 (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-26 | Wilana Chemical LLC | Latex compositions and applications thereof |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2611772B2 (ja) * | 1987-06-23 | 1997-05-21 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 乳化重合用乳化剤 |
| DE19939266B4 (de) * | 1999-07-13 | 2006-11-09 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Wäßrige Polymerdispersion, ihre Herstellung und Verwendung |
| EP1069139A3 (de) * | 1999-07-13 | 2003-03-12 | Clariant GmbH | Wässrige Polymerdispersion, ihre Herstellung und Verwendung |
| DE10234840C1 (de) * | 2002-07-31 | 2003-11-27 | Clariant Gmbh | Mischungen allylierter und nicht allylierter Celluloseether und deren Verwendung |
| EP1692237A1 (de) * | 2003-12-04 | 2006-08-23 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Einen nur geringgehalt an leicht flüchtigen organischen verbindungen (voc) aufweisende wässrige beschichtungszusammensetzungen mit ausgezeichneter gefrier-tau-stabilität |
| ATE547170T1 (de) | 2008-05-20 | 2012-03-15 | Cognis Ip Man Gmbh | Wässrige tensid-zusammensetzungen mit niedrigem pourpoint |
| EP2123683A1 (de) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-25 | Cognis IP Management GmbH | Verwendung nichtionischer Tenside als Emulgatoren für die Emulsionspolymerisation |
-
2009
- 2009-03-24 EP EP09004160A patent/EP2239276A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-03-13 WO PCT/EP2010/001606 patent/WO2010108613A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2010-03-13 US US13/259,846 patent/US8779075B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-13 EP EP10709968A patent/EP2411420A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-03-13 JP JP2012501163A patent/JP5722303B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2010108613A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8779075B2 (en) | 2014-07-15 |
| WO2010108613A1 (de) | 2010-09-30 |
| JP2012521444A (ja) | 2012-09-13 |
| JP5722303B2 (ja) | 2015-05-20 |
| EP2239276A1 (de) | 2010-10-13 |
| US20120029131A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
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