EP2406034A1 - Fülldrahtelektrode - Google Patents
FülldrahtelektrodeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2406034A1 EP2406034A1 EP10710154A EP10710154A EP2406034A1 EP 2406034 A1 EP2406034 A1 EP 2406034A1 EP 10710154 A EP10710154 A EP 10710154A EP 10710154 A EP10710154 A EP 10710154A EP 2406034 A1 EP2406034 A1 EP 2406034A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- welding
- cored wire
- less
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0227—Rods, wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3602—Carbonates, basic oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3603—Halide salts
- B23K35/3605—Fluorides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
- B23K35/406—Filled tubular wire or rods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
- B23K35/406—Filled tubular wire or rods
- B23K2035/408—Filled tubular wire or rods with welded longitudinal seam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cored wire electrode for producing a fusion-welded joint parts of high-strength steels with a minimum yield strength (RP 0 .2) of the weld metal of 690N / mm 2 , consisting of a metal tube with an outer diameter of less than 2mm, which is a Brownpulverkern wrapped and optionally wearing a coating.
- RP 0 .2 minimum yield strength of the weld metal of 690N / mm 2
- the invention relates to a method for the substantially continuous production of cored wire electrodes with a diameter of less than 2mm, for producing a fusion-welded joint parts of high strength steels with a minimum yield strength (RP 0 .2) of the weld metal of 690N / mm 2 substantially with a production sequence: providing a metal strip, forming the metal strip in the longitudinal direction to a substantially U-shaped in cross-section, introducing filler into the U-shaped band, forming the strip into a tube with a collision of abutting lateral faces and a Grewrahtpulverkern, joining the joint by welding, deformation of the cross section and optionally coating the surface of the tube or the electrode.
- RP 0 .2 minimum yield strength
- Flux cored electrodes are used for joining by melt welding of parts as welding consumables, wherein in a device of a supply, for example a wire coil, the electrode wire is removed and this discharged from a supply or conveying means, a so-called welding head, for arc fusion welding is in which welding head and the electrical energy supply to the electrode.
- a device of a supply for example a wire coil
- the electrode wire is removed and this discharged from a supply or conveying means, a so-called welding head, for arc fusion welding is in which welding head and the electrical energy supply to the electrode.
- the welding head can be hand-guided or moved mechanically, whereby an automatic welding can optionally take place until the use of computer-controlled welding robots.
- a cored wire electrode is a tubular electrode and contains internally predominantly mineral constituents and / or deoxidizers and / or metallic constituents, in particular for alloying the weld melt.
- the Composition of the Greverkernes is carefully selected and the ingredients should be present in a welding process at least not adversely affecting form and ensure a high weld quality.
- a bare metal surface thereof is required.
- the electrode surface is coppered for better introduction of the current, which additionally results in a hindrance of the oxidation.
- filler powder is introduced as homogeneously as possible into a tight tube, the ends of the tube are closed, and the thus-prepared primary material is rolled into wire and / or subjected to a draw deformation.
- a high strain hardening of the pipe wall in the course of deformation can be overcome by annealing treatments of the intermediate product.
- filler wire electrode material is to form a metal strip into a U-section shape, fill the U-shape with filler powder, and then convert it into a tube and inductively weld the axial abutment surfaces.
- a starting material having an outer diameter of, for example, 30 mm can, as mentioned above, if necessary, be further shaped with an intermediate annealing treatment for the first consolidation of the pipe material into a filler wire.
- the methods of the prior art have the common disadvantage that at least partially the filling powder to high temperatures, wherein Decomposition and / or oxidation reactions of the powder components can occur is heated.
- a further disadvantage can be given by the fact that during the welding process prior to the melting of the electrode, its metallic surface is oxidized and thus oxygen is introduced into the liquid metal of the weld seam.
- the invention has for its object to provide a Gearless rodtrode of the type mentioned above, which is formed to prevent oxidation and water absorption of the Grepverkernes from an airtight welded tube, wherein at least the mineral constituents in the filling powder have their original thermal reaction potentials.
- the outer surface of the electrode should ensure a substantially unimpeded supply of the welding current.
- the object of the invention is achieved in that the cold-formed metal tube in the longitudinal direction has a dense fusion weld or a weld having a lower penetration than the pipe wall thickness corresponds and thus a distance of the metallic bond of the pipe wall is formed to the powder core.
- the metallic bond of the pipe wall is less than 0.3 to 0.9, preferably less than 0.5 to 0.8 times the pipe wall thickness.
- the area fraction of the Gupulverkerns less than 60%, but more than 10%, preferably less than 45%, but more than 12%.
- the powder core of slag-forming agents in particular fluorides, carbonates, oxides and / or the like.
- metal powder especially alloy powder
- deoxidizers especially aluminum, silicon, magnesium, manganese, zirconium and the like.
- compounds of these elements including Microalloying, formed when melting the same in the arc, a liquid, homogeneous, deoxidized and purified by the slag reactions melt with low hydrogen content and flux slag, which ultimately serves for at least partial coverage of the liquid phase.
- gaseous reaction products are also released which have an inert gas effect and a further degassing action of the liquid metal.
- the metal tube carries a coating. This coating can also serve as protection against oxidation of the electrode surface.
- the coating fluorine Polymers optionally of PTFE (poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene) and carbon, preferably in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 4, is formed.
- PTFE poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene
- carbon preferably in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 4
- PTFE causes a protective gas formation and hydrogen bonding, whereby the carbon ensures the passage of electricity into the tubular body.
- Ratio values smaller than 0.5 deteriorate the introduction of the welding current, which can lead to premature heating of the tubular body and overloading of the current injection means. At lower than 0.25, the carbon can cause alloying problems.
- the filler wire electrode is advantageously composed in such a way that the weld metal formed from it has a concentration of the main alloying elements of in% by weight carbon traces to 0.2, silicon traces to 1.0, manganese 0.1 to 2.0, chromium 0.01 to 0.5, nickel 0.01 to 3.0, molybdenum 0.001 to 1.0 and, if appropriate, special alloying additives in total up to 0.5, the remainder iron and impurity elements.
- Such a weld metal alloy is a high-strength, fine-grained iron-based material with a yield strength RPo , 2 of substantially more than 690 N / mm 2 .
- the further object of the invention to provide a method of the type mentioned is achieved by mixing a filler powder from substantially anhydrous raw materials and introduced this mixture in the transversely bent to the U-shape band and subsequently the side regions of the tape into a tube be further developed, according to which the impact of the longitudinally abutting, lateral end faces of the tube is connected by welding additional free beam welding, such as laser or electron beam welding, with the proviso that the penetration or created by melting the pipe wall metallic bond in the direction of the powder core out is less than the thickness of the tube wall, and that from the thus prepared tube by cold forming a Gredrahtelektrode is produced.
- the procedural advantages are mainly in a use of substantially anhydrous raw materials while maintaining a full thermal reaction potential, especially mineral components, and in the choice of Welding agent and the welding technology, aimed at a desired intended tight metallic bond at the impact of the electrode starting material, which is further processed by cold deformation in the sequence.
- An additive-free beam welding provides a high quality Sectionverschmelzung the shock even at high welding performance, measured in weld length per unit time, which shows fusion even at high degrees of cold deformation cracking and fracture tendency of the solidified material.
- the welding is carried out only on the outer part of the lateral end faces of the tube, no temperature load of the filling powder is given in the inner region, whereby on the one hand, the thermal reaction potential of at least some powder components is maintained and on the other hand, the metal powder part is not oxidized.
- connection ungssch wholly advantageous and essential to the invention for a seam production of the desired type on the pipe is when the connection ungssch adoptedung the abutting faces of the joint with a penetration depth of 0.3 and less to 0.9, preferably from 0.5 and less to 0.8 times the pipe wall thickness is made.
- Highest accuracy and safety of the welding of the outer part of the joint with high welding power or welding speed can be procedurally achieved when the welding beam, formed as a laser or electron beam, at an angle between 5 ° and 45 °, preferably from 10 ° to 30 ° Pipe axis is directed to the collision of the lateral end faces of the tube.
- FIG. 1 shows a welded tube wall - schematically
- Fig. 2 to Fig. 7 each have a cross section of a filling electrode - increased
- Fig. 1 shows the connection region of a semi-finished material F before a cold deformation for producing a Gredrahtelektrode in cross section.
- a shock 3 of lateral, adjacent end faces of a molded tube 1 is externally connected by fusion welding 11 metal.
- the inner part E of the tube wall with a thickness W does not have any connection to the powder core 2 due to liquefaction of the tube substance.
- Figures 2 to 7 show Raildrahtelektroden with a diameter of 1.2mm.
- a starting material with a diameter of 4.0 mm was made of a unalloyed steel strip, for example with a width of 12 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm, wherein after shaping in cross-section to form a U-band introduction of filling powder in this followed by forming a tube were made.
- a formed in the course of pipe forming shock of abutting, lateral faces was welded at a welding speed of 60m / min throughput with laser technology such that about 50% of the shock had a metallic fusion compound.
- a cold deformation of the starting material was carried out in the usual form by means of drag rollers and / or driven rollers and / or drawing dies to a Cored wire.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 show cross sections of filler wire with a proportion of filler powder of 47% residual pipe proportion based on the cross-sectional area.
- FIGS. 5 to 7 show the cross sections of the cored wire electrodes, which have a powder part of 18% remaining surface area of tube wall part.
- liquid metal formed during the welding was doped for a better distinction.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0039309A AT507914B1 (de) | 2009-03-11 | 2009-03-11 | Fülldrahtelektrode |
PCT/AT2010/000070 WO2010102318A1 (de) | 2009-03-11 | 2010-03-08 | Fülldrahtelektrode |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2406034A1 true EP2406034A1 (de) | 2012-01-18 |
Family
ID=41011640
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10710154A Withdrawn EP2406034A1 (de) | 2009-03-11 | 2010-03-08 | Fülldrahtelektrode |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8963047B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2406034A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2012519598A (de) |
AT (1) | AT507914B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE202009007217U1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2010102318A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BRPI1003876B1 (pt) * | 2010-10-07 | 2019-12-03 | Cbr Participacoes Ltda | processo para produção de eletrodo com baixa teor de hidrogênio e baixa absorção de umidade |
FR2971441B1 (fr) | 2011-02-15 | 2014-01-24 | Air Liquide | Procede de fabrication de fil fourre par soudage laser avec un remplissage differentie |
FR2985207B1 (fr) | 2012-01-03 | 2015-04-17 | Fro Air Liquide Welding Italia S P A | Procede et installation de fabrication de fil fourre par soudage laser avec protection mecanique du flux |
FR2989295B1 (fr) | 2012-04-16 | 2017-12-08 | L'air Liquide Sa Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procede de fabrication de fil fourre par soudage laser avec preparation prealable des bords du feuillard |
US20140042131A1 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-13 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Laser welding consumable |
US9770781B2 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2017-09-26 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Material processing through optically transmissive slag |
CN111230301B (zh) | 2019-03-29 | 2022-08-12 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 带铝或铝合金镀层的钢制薄壁焊接等强部件的制造方法 |
CN112139763B (zh) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-08-26 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | 一种高碳当量高合金特厚钢板的制造方法 |
CN113681197B (zh) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-07-07 | 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 | 一种适用于窄间隙激光焊接的自保护药芯焊丝 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE60130958T2 (de) * | 2000-11-17 | 2008-07-17 | L'Air Liquide, S.A. pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von durchlaufgeschweissten Metallrohren insbesondere von Fulldrähten zum Schweissen |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3318729A (en) | 1965-08-05 | 1967-05-09 | Du Pont | Tubular welding rod having a chlorine or fluorine substituted ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon polymer core |
JPS511659B1 (de) | 1966-08-03 | 1976-01-19 | ||
JPS56148494A (en) * | 1980-04-18 | 1981-11-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Manufacture of composite wire for welding |
FR2766399B1 (fr) | 1997-07-25 | 1999-09-03 | Soudure Autogene Francaise | Procede de fabrication de tubes metalliques |
US6787736B1 (en) | 2002-01-13 | 2004-09-07 | Hobart Brothers Company | Low carbon high speed metal core wire |
JP4509807B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-18 | 2010-07-21 | 日鐵住金溶接工業株式会社 | 高張力鋼溶接用フラックス入りワイヤ |
FR2897549B1 (fr) | 2006-02-20 | 2009-02-06 | Air Liquide | Procede de fabrication de tubes remplis de poudres, tels des fils fourres de soudage |
EP2041846A4 (de) * | 2006-07-07 | 2012-09-19 | Rev Wires Llc | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von fülldraht |
-
2009
- 2009-03-11 AT AT0039309A patent/AT507914B1/de active
- 2009-05-20 DE DE202009007217U patent/DE202009007217U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2010
- 2010-03-08 EP EP10710154A patent/EP2406034A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-03-08 US US13/255,788 patent/US8963047B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-08 WO PCT/AT2010/000070 patent/WO2010102318A1/de active Application Filing
- 2010-03-08 JP JP2012502385A patent/JP2012519598A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE60130958T2 (de) * | 2000-11-17 | 2008-07-17 | L'Air Liquide, S.A. pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von durchlaufgeschweissten Metallrohren insbesondere von Fulldrähten zum Schweissen |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2010102318A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AT507914B1 (de) | 2010-11-15 |
US8963047B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
JP2012519598A (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
DE202009007217U1 (de) | 2009-08-27 |
AT507914A1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
US20120061354A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
WO2010102318A1 (de) | 2010-09-16 |
WO2010102318A8 (de) | 2011-08-18 |
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