EP2394342A2 - Dispositif de protection contre les courts-circuits et circuiterie présentant un dispositif de protection de ce type - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre les courts-circuits et circuiterie présentant un dispositif de protection de ce type

Info

Publication number
EP2394342A2
EP2394342A2 EP10704786A EP10704786A EP2394342A2 EP 2394342 A2 EP2394342 A2 EP 2394342A2 EP 10704786 A EP10704786 A EP 10704786A EP 10704786 A EP10704786 A EP 10704786A EP 2394342 A2 EP2394342 A2 EP 2394342A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
short
circuit
current
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10704786A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Reinhard Vogel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2394342A2 publication Critical patent/EP2394342A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/025—Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/08—Propulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a short-circuit protection device for limiting, preferably also switching off, short-circuit currents in high-energy direct current networks, in particular short-circuit currents of battery systems in submarine DC power grids.
  • the invention further relates to a switchgear with several such protections.
  • Batteries or accumulators are preferably used for energy storage in DC grids.
  • batteries having a low internal resistance, a low self-discharge and a high energy density are of particular advantage Lithium-based, these requirements, so that they are increasingly being used in high-performance DC networks.
  • a very typical field of application are DC island networks, such as those used in vehicles (eg submarines).
  • EP 1 641 066 A2 and WO 2008/055493 A1 disclose a submarine DC power system with a lithium-based battery.
  • the battery comprises a plurality of battery modules connected in parallel and connected to the DC network via terminal conductors, the battery modules each comprising one or more strings of series-connected high-performance battery cells, and wherein the or each of the strings is the mains voltage of the battery DC network has.
  • a switchgear serves to switch the operating currents and to limit the short-circuit currents.
  • the low internal resistance of lithium batteries which is advantageous in the interest of high efficiency in energy storage, has the disadvantage that very high short-circuit currents occur. They are a multiple of what has been known from other batteries, such as lead-acid batteries.
  • the prospective short circuit currents may be 20 kA for one battery string and up to 500 kA for each battery.
  • the time constant of the uninfluenced short-circuit current is only a few milliseconds.
  • fuses may be used, which must be replaced by new fuses after the short circuit current has been switched off. In many cases, however, such replacement of fuses after short circuits is not desired or even possible in a short time.
  • a typical case is for a DC island network, eg on vehicles, such as submarines. If the short-circuit current is switched off virtually instantaneously by a suitable switch, there is the problem that there is not enough time left to trigger downstream electromagnetically actuated circuit breakers. Thus, only a limited selectivity in the DC network is achievable.
  • Protective device according to claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the protective device are the subject of claims 2 to 9.
  • a switchgear with such protective devices is the subject of claim 10.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the switchgear are the subject of claims 11 to 13.
  • a short-circuit protection device for limiting, preferably also switching off, short-circuit currents in high-energy direct-current networks, in particular short-circuit currents of battery installations in submarine DC networks
  • an electrical resistance in particular an ohmic resistance, for guiding and limiting the short-circuit current in the event of a short circuit
  • a resistor connected in parallel to the first switch for bridging the resistance in short circuit of the network
  • a monitoring and control device for monitoring the current through the switch and to open the
  • the short-circuit current can be limited in terms of its height, its temporal effectiveness and possibly also its rise (gradient), so that downstream protection devices, such as electromagnetically acting circuit breaker can safely trigger.
  • a desired selectivity in the triggering of downstream protection devices in the DC network is possible, which can be ensured by a suitable dimensioning of the resistance that the permissible cut-off currents or energies of these protective devices are not exceeded.
  • the electrical resistance can consist of a single resistor or of several resistors.
  • the protective device can be used with suitable dimensioning and parameterization not only to limit short-circuit currents, but also to limit other, especially operational, overcurrents.
  • the first switch is designed as a power semiconductor switch.
  • the protective device also comprises a second switch for switching off the current limited by the resistor in the event of a short circuit. With the help of this switch, the current passed through the resistor can be limited in time and thus the resistance and downstream protective devices can be protected against overloading.
  • the second switch can be connected in series with the resistor. Downstream switches can then turn off in the de-energized state and thereby be used e.g. be executed as a contactor.
  • the second switch may also be connected in series with the parallel circuit of the resistor and the first switch.
  • the second switch is designed as a power semiconductor switch.
  • a particularly secure time limit of the current conducted through the resistor and thus protection of the resistance and downstream protection against overloading is possible because the protection device has a monitoring and control device for monitoring the duration of a current through the second switch and for Opening the second switch when the time exceeds a predetermined limit includes.
  • the protective device between a battery and a consumer, it advantageously comprises a diode which is connected in parallel to the power semiconductor switch, wherein the diode is poled such that its forward direction is opposite to the forward direction of the power semiconductor switch.
  • the discharge current of the battery can then flow through the power semiconductor switch and the charging current of the battery can flow across the diode.
  • a switch connected in series with the diode current flow in the forward direction through the diode can be prevented, and this current flow can instead be forced through the resistor. This can be used, for example, for a current-limited energy balance between individual batteries or battery strings after they have been switched off and then switched back on.
  • a switchgear for limiting and switching off short-circuit currents in high-energy direct-current networks, in particular short-circuit currents of battery systems in submarine DC networks, comprises a plurality of protective devices connected in parallel and at least one protective and / or switching device incorporating these protective devices is connected downstream, wherein the resistances of the protective devices are dimensioned such that in the event of a short circuit formed by the sum of the currents flowing through the resistors formed total current flowing through the protective and / or switching member, the protective and / or switching device.
  • the switchgear is preferably used for limiting and switching off short-circuit currents of high-performance battery systems, in particular in submarine DC networks, wherein the high-performance battery comprises a plurality of parallel-connected battery strings of series-connected high-performance battery cells, the battery strings being individually or individually are connected in groups via a respective connecting conductor to the DC network and wherein each of the strands has the mains voltage of the DC network.
  • the switchgear for each of the connection conductors each have a protective device.
  • the protective device comprises a first switch designed as a power semiconductor switch and a diode which is connected in parallel with the power semiconductor switch. is switched, wherein the diode is poled such that its forward direction is opposite to the forward direction of the power semiconductor switch, preferably the procedurehalbeiterschalter is poled so that it passes through the discharge of the battery string or the group of Batteriestrnature, and the diode is poled in such a way that it allows the charging current of the battery string or the group of battery strings to pass through.
  • the protective devices are standardized of the same type. It is thus possible to carry out all battery strings or groups of battery strings connected in parallel and the protective devices connected to them in a similar manner, so that the "controlled and defined overload" evenly distributes to all available (intact) battery strings in the event of a short circuit.
  • the design and / or parameterization of the protective devices is such that less than the nominal number of all battery strings in total can provide a sufficiently high overcurrent for the triggering of downstream protection and / or switching devices. In the event of a failure of individual, any battery strings, there is still sufficient overall overcurrent available to ensure the required selectivity in the event of a short circuit in the network.
  • the energy released from current-carrying inductors during the disconnection process in each battery string also becomes significantly smaller than when the short-circuit case is not influenced;
  • the energy released during the switch-off process can be comparatively easily stored (for example transferred to capacitor) and / or "destroyed", ie converted into heat (eg in a varistor) because of the now limited overcurrent and / or construction large overvoltage limiters usually required for semiconductor switches prevail.
  • the overall overcurrent in the DC network is also limited in total, so that downstream protection and / or switching devices, in particular electromagnetically actuated circuit breakers and circuit breakers, be significantly relieved in their own shutdown in the context of selective short-circuiting.
  • the application of the invention is preferably in DC networks. In principle, however, it can also be used in alternating current networks.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a protection device according to the invention in short-circuit-free operation
  • FIG 2 shows the protective device of FIG 1 in the event of a short circuit
  • 3 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a protective device according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a reduced configuration compared to FIG. 4 of a protective device
  • FIG 6 shows an alternative to FIG 4 reduced configuration of a protective device
  • FIG. 7 shows a possible minimal configuration of a protective device
  • 8 shows a switchgear according to the invention
  • a short-circuit protection device 1 shown in a schematic diagram in FIG. 1 is connected in connecting conductor 2, 3 of a battery 4 to a direct current network 5.
  • the protective device 1 comprises a parallel circuit 6 of a first line path 7 and a second line path 8.
  • the parallel circuit 6 is connected in all the examples shown in the connection conductor 2 with a positive potential.
  • the protective device 1 can also be connected in the connection conductor 3 with a negative potential or in both connection conductors 2, 3.
  • an ohmic resistor 9 is arranged in the first conduction path 7.
  • the resistor 9 serves to guide and limit a short-circuit current in the event of a short circuit.
  • a first switch 10 is arranged, which is preferably designed as a semiconductor power switch.
  • the switch 10 serves to bridge the resistor 9 in short-circuit freedom of the network.
  • A, preferably electronically executed, monitoring and control device 11 is used to monitor the current I through the switch 10 and to open the switch 10 when the current I through the switch 10 exceeds a stored in the monitoring and control device 11 limit.
  • the monitoring and control device 11 is set up accordingly.
  • the monitoring and control device 11 is for detecting the measured current values via a signal line 13 to the current measuring element 12 and for driving the first switch 10 via a control line 14 to the first switch 10 connected.
  • switch 15 By means of a connected in series with the parallel circuit 6 and arranged in the connecting conductor 2 between the protective device 1 and the network 5, that is, the protective device 1 downstream, switch 15 can in the short circuit case a current limited by the resistor 9 can be switched off.
  • the switch 15 is preferably designed as a circuit breaker.
  • the monitoring and control device 11 opens the switch 10, so that the overcurrent is passed through the resistor 9 and limited by this (see FIG 2).
  • the limited by means of the resistor 9 to a defined value short-circuit current can then be switched off by the switch 15.
  • a protective device 1 shown in FIG. 3 differs from the protective device 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in that it has a second switch 36 designed as a semiconductor power switch for switching off the overcurrent limited by the resistor 9.
  • the switch 36 is connected in series with the resistor 9 in the first conduction path 7.
  • the downstream switch 15 can then turn off in the de-energized state and thereby be formed, for example, as a contactor.
  • the control of the switch 36 via a, preferably electronically executed, monitoring and control device 37.
  • the switch 36 may be switched in series to the parallel circuit 6.
  • the monitoring and control device 37 is used to monitor the duration of a current through the switch 36 and to open the second switch 36 when the time exceeds a predetermined limit.
  • the monitoring and control device 11 is set up accordingly.
  • the monitoring and control device 37 thus determines how long the defined overcurrent through the Resistor 9 flows. If the short circuit in the network 5 can not be cleared within the predetermined period of time, the monitoring and control device 37 opens the switch 36, whereby the current I is turned off. Subsequently, by opening the switch 15, the battery 4 can be galvanically isolated from the network 5.
  • the switch 36 remains closed. If the battery current I then again below the predetermined
  • Switch 36 are turned off. The battery 4 can then be disconnected from the power supply 5 via the switch 15 in the de-energized state.
  • FIG. 4 shows a possible maximum configuration of a protective device 1.
  • the protective device 1 is designed as a quadrupole and is based on the configuration according to FIG. 3. However, in addition to the components already explained in connection with FIGS. 1-3, it also comprises contactors (or possibly circuit breakers) ) 40 for all-round and all-pole separability of the protection device 1 of the battery 4 and the network 5 and emergency fuses 41 for all-round and all-pole emergency protection.
  • a current increase limiter 42 is used for Limitation of the current increase in the direction of the network 5.
  • the protective device 1 comprises a parallel to the battery 4 between the connecting conductors 2 and 3 connected voltage limiter 43 (eg a varistor or a Zener diode) for the semiconductor switches 10, 36.
  • voltage limiter 43 eg a varistor or a Zener diode
  • a freewheeling diode 44 is connected. If the diode 44 is arranged on the line side in front of the line-side contactor / power switch 40, its contacts are relieved during shutdowns of line-side currents.
  • the two semiconductor switches 10, 36 are in each case formed as a power semiconductor switch (represented symbolically by its equivalent circuit diagram in the form of a switching contact in series with a diode).
  • the semiconductor switch 10 embodied as a power semiconductor switch is connected in parallel with a diode 45, the diode 45 being polarized in such a way that its forward direction is opposite to the forward direction of the power supply.
  • the power semiconductor switch is polarized such that it allows the discharge current of the battery 4, and the diode 45 is polarized such that it passes the charging current of the battery 4.
  • the semiconductor switch 36 in the form of a power semiconductor switch is connected in parallel with a diode 47.
  • Each of the semiconductor switches 10, 36 is preferably designed as an IGBT power semiconductor switch and combined with the respective diode 45 or 47 connected in parallel with it to form a structural unit in the form of an IGBT module 48.
  • the protective device 1 further comprises the control and monitoring devices 11 and 37 shown in FIGS. 1-3 with their associated components, which however are not shown for the sake of simplicity of illustration.
  • further voltage limiters can be connected in parallel with the semiconductor switches 10, 36.
  • a reduced configuration shown in FIG. 5 differs from the configuration shown in FIG. 4 in that all-pole protection by a contactor 40 and all-pole protection by an emergency fuse 41 are present only on the network side of the protective device 1.
  • FIG. 6 differs from the configuration shown in FIG. 4 essentially in that the protective device 1 is designed as a reduced quadrupole (three-terminal).
  • a contactor (or possibly circuit breaker) 40 an all-sided and all-pole separability of the actual protection circuit is possible. Protection by emergency fuses 41 is given only for the connection conductor 2 with positive potential.
  • a minimal configuration shown in FIG. 7 differs from the configuration shown in FIG. 4 essentially in that the protective device 1 is basically only designed as a two-pole.
  • the switch 36 is omitted.
  • a network-side switch 46 only one-pole separability of the network 5 is given.
  • the switch 46 must be designed here as a circuit breaker, since it must switch off under load (current-limited by the resistor 9). Protection by an emergency fuse 41 is given only on the network side for the connecting conductor 2 with positive potential.
  • the voltage limiter 43 is preferably designed as a varistor.
  • the protective devices 1 described above by way of example can be designed in modular construction.
  • the semiconductor components can be arranged on a common heat sink or on separate heat sinks.
  • the cooling can be achieved, for example, by air cooling, water cooling or forced cooling. te cooling done.
  • a shockproof and / or vibration resistant design is advantageous.
  • FIG. 8 shows, in a simplified representation, a switchgear 50 for limiting and switching off short-circuit currents of a high-performance battery system 51 in a submarine DC network 55.
  • the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals with respect to FIGS.
  • the high-performance battery system 51 comprises a plurality of parallel battery banks 54, which are connected to the DC network 55 via a connection conductor 2 with a positive potential.
  • a unipolar representation has been chosen, i. the connection conductors with negative potential are not shown.
  • Each of the strings 54 has the mains voltage of the DC network 55 and comprises a string of series connected high power battery cells.
  • strands 54 instead of individual strands 54, groups of battery strands connected in parallel, each of which has the mains voltage of the DC network 55, and thus a plurality of battery strands connected in parallel, can also be connected to the DC network 55 via a respective connecting conductor 2.
  • a single strand 54 or a group of parallel-connected strands can be combined in each case in a battery module.
  • the switchgear 50 For each of the connection conductors 2 or each of the battery strings 54, the switchgear 50 has its own protection device 1 according to the invention, as described by way of example in FIGS. 1-7, which is connected in the respective connection conductor 2.
  • the monitoring and control devices 11, 37 of all the protective devices 1 can also be brought together centrally in a single higher-level monitoring and control device.
  • the protective devices 1 connected in parallel can be followed by a protective device and / or switching element 56, for example a circuit breaker.
  • the resistors 9 (see FIGS. 1-7) of the protective devices 1 are in this case dimensioned such that in the event of a short circuit, a total current I * flowing through the protective element 56 and flowing through the sum of the currents I flowing through the resistors 9 of the protective devices 1 is formed, the protective and / or switching device 56 triggers.
  • switches 10 are designed as power semiconductor switches, these switches 10 are preferably each connected in parallel with a diode 45 (see FIGS. 4 to 7).
  • the power semiconductor switch is polarized such that it transmits the discharge current of the respective battery string 54, and the diode 45 is polarized such that it allows the charging current of the respective battery string 54 to pass.
  • the line can be connected in series in the line path 8 to the diode 45, a switch 61 (preferably an electromechanically actuatable switch such as a circuit breaker or a contactor) to be connected, via which a current flow through the diode 45 can be prevented.
  • a switch 61 preferably an electromechanically actuatable switch such as a circuit breaker or a contactor
  • This switch 61 is preferably, seen from the battery 4 and the battery string 54, arranged in the conduction path 8 before the branch to the diode 45.
  • the supplementation or expansion of the protective device according to the invention by the switch 61 exemplified in FIG. 9 can be used in all embodiments of the protective device 1, as illustrated by way of example in FIGS. 1 to 7, and thus can also be used in the switchgear 50 shown in FIG.
  • All protection devices 1 of the switchgear 50 are of the same type. It is thus possible to carry out all battery strings 54 connected in parallel and the protective devices 1 connected thereto in a similar manner, so that the controlled and defined overload current is evenly distributed to all available (intact) battery strings 54 in the event of a short circuit.
  • the design and / or parameterization of the protective devices 1 is in this case such that less than the nominal number of all battery strings 54 in total provide a sufficiently high total overcurrent I * for the triggering of the protective and / or Heidelbergor- ganes 56. In case of failure of individual, any battery strings 54 is then still enough total overcurrent I * available to ensure the required selectivity in the case of a short circuit in the network 55.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de protection contre les courts-circuits (1) destiné à limiter et de préférence à couper les courants de courts-circuits dans des réseaux de courant continu haute tension (5), notamment des courants de courts-circuits d'installations de batteries dans des réseaux de courant continu de sous-marins. Le dispositif de l'invention comporte une résistance électrique (9), notamment une résistance ohmique destinée à conduire et à limiter le courant de court-circuit en cas de court-circuit, un premier interrupteur (10) monté en parallèle à la résistance pour ponter la résistance (9) lorsque le réseau (5) est exempt de court-circuit, un dispositif de surveillance et de commande (11) destiné à surveiller le courant I traversant l'interrupteur (10) et à ouvrir l'interrupteur (10) lorsque le courant I qui le traverse dépasse une valeur seuil définie.
EP10704786A 2009-02-06 2010-02-04 Dispositif de protection contre les courts-circuits et circuiterie présentant un dispositif de protection de ce type Withdrawn EP2394342A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009007969A DE102009007969A1 (de) 2009-02-06 2009-02-06 Kurzschluss-Schutzvorrichtung und Schaltanlage mit derartigen Schutzvorrichtungen
PCT/EP2010/051339 WO2010089338A2 (fr) 2009-02-06 2010-02-04 Dispositif de protection contre les courts-circuits et circuiterie présentant un dispositif de protection de ce type

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2394342A2 true EP2394342A2 (fr) 2011-12-14

Family

ID=42335180

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10704786A Withdrawn EP2394342A2 (fr) 2009-02-06 2010-02-04 Dispositif de protection contre les courts-circuits et circuiterie présentant un dispositif de protection de ce type

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US8842404B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2394342A2 (fr)
KR (2) KR101450502B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2010210191B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI1008140A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009007969A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010089338A2 (fr)

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BRPI1008140A2 (pt) 2016-03-08
KR20130118396A (ko) 2013-10-29
AU2010210191B2 (en) 2015-09-03
WO2010089338A2 (fr) 2010-08-12
WO2010089338A3 (fr) 2010-10-07
US8842404B2 (en) 2014-09-23
DE102009007969A1 (de) 2010-08-19
KR20110118659A (ko) 2011-10-31
US20110317321A1 (en) 2011-12-29
AU2010210191A1 (en) 2011-08-11
KR101450502B1 (ko) 2014-10-13

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