EP2387623A1 - Structure de chargement et dispositif de trempe comportant une structure de chargement - Google Patents

Structure de chargement et dispositif de trempe comportant une structure de chargement

Info

Publication number
EP2387623A1
EP2387623A1 EP09765083A EP09765083A EP2387623A1 EP 2387623 A1 EP2387623 A1 EP 2387623A1 EP 09765083 A EP09765083 A EP 09765083A EP 09765083 A EP09765083 A EP 09765083A EP 2387623 A1 EP2387623 A1 EP 2387623A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
quenching
charging frame
peripheral wall
flow
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09765083A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Mueller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2387623A1 publication Critical patent/EP2387623A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charging frame for receiving a batch of Abschreckgut quenchable by quenching according to the preamble of claim 1 and a quenching device for quenching Abweggut, especially of metallic workpieces, with quenching gas according to the preamble of claim 8.
  • the mostly metallic workpieces are subjected to a heat treatment. Especially important for the treatment result is the speed with which the previously heated workpieces are cooled.
  • a heat treatment it is known to use water, oil or quenching gas.
  • quench gases instead of quench liquids is that the quench material does not need to be cleaned after quenching and that higher quench homogeneity in the batch can be achieved.
  • quenching gas in order to increase the quenching intensity to be achieved with quenching gas to be in the range of liquids such as quenching oils or molten salts, it is necessary to have a very high heat transfer between the quenched material and the quenching gas of preferably more than 3,000W / m 2 K, which can be realized only with very high flow velocities.
  • the fan used In order to achieve the required, very high flow velocities, the fan used must deliver very high volume flows and, as a result, requires a large engine output. This is associated with high initial costs and high energy costs during operation.
  • conventional charging racks are constructed of gratings that are connected to vertically extending rods, which can also cause additional bypass flows within the charge.
  • the invention has for its object to increase the quenching intensity in a simple and cost-effective manner.
  • the peripheral wall is dimensioned in the flow direction such that the quenching material does not project beyond the peripheral wall.
  • the peripheral wall is part of a charging frame constructed according to the concept of the invention and does not have to be adjusted within the quenching chamber relative to the charging frame, whereby a substantially simpler construction of one with a previously described Charging rack trained quenching device results.
  • the circumferentially closed peripheral wall is firmly connected to a floor for supporting the quenching material.
  • the charging frame has a base, preferably fixedly connected to the peripheral wall and / or connectable floor for supporting the quench material.
  • the bottom is preferably formed such that it has a sufficiently large, freely permeable surface portion. This can be realized for example by the formation of the floor with a grid structure. The freely permeable surface portion allows flow through the charging frame with
  • the mean flow velocity in the charge inversely proportional to the freely permeable surface portion (free cross-sectional area) behaves.
  • the maximum flow rate in the batch can be adjusted by varying the distances of the quenchable material to be quenched from each other in an X and a Y direction (horizontal plane).
  • Quenched material takes place because additional layers increase the pressure loss and thus make an even higher fan performance necessary. It was also recognized that as a rule the lower layers of quenched material are less easily quenched.
  • the freely permeable surface area in relation to the total area of the floor
  • the freely flowable surface portion is selected from a value range between 0.4 and 0.5 in order to achieve optimum loading, i. To ensure batch size.
  • the realization of such a small, freely flow-through cross-sectional area allows significantly higher flow rates, but leads to correspondingly high pressure losses in the batch, which in turn are acceptable due to the circumferentially closed peripheral wall.
  • the charging frame in which the material to be quenched is arranged freely within the peripheral wall, that is to say within the peripheral wall no separate flow channels are provided for each individual workpiece to be cooled.
  • This design leads to a very simple construction of the charging frame and also allows rapid loading and unloading of at least one, preferably only one, soil. Dispensing with space-occupying intermediate walls within the peripheral wall enables the cooling of larger batch sizes. In addition, there is the advantage of easier assembly, since the entire batch up can be loaded and unloaded once.
  • the individual flow channels within the peripheral wall are preferably formed exclusively by the quench material itself, wherein it is particularly preferred to space the quench material constantly from one another and / or from the peripheral wall.
  • the invention also leads to a quenching device for quenching Abschreckgut, in particular of metallic workpieces, after a previous heating, in particular for influencing the material structure, for example, a conversion of a cubic face-centered ⁇ -grid carbon rich Austenitlamellen in a cubic body-centered ⁇ -grid of
  • the quenching device comprises a quenching chamber, through which quenching gas can be conducted, wherein at least one charging frame for carrying the quenching material can be received in the quenching chamber.
  • the charging frame is a charging frame designed as described above with a peripheral closed peripheral wall.
  • the quenching device comprises in addition to the quenching chamber at least one flow channel connected to the quenching chamber and at least one fan for circulating the quenching gas in the formed flow circuit.
  • the fan is a radial fan.
  • helium is to be used as a quenching gas
  • a blower having a capacity of about 100 kW or greater for a standard area of a batch of about 500 ⁇ 500 mm 2 and 20 bar gas pressure.
  • nitrogen it is preferable to use blowers with a power of more than 700 kW.
  • quenching gases with low density such as helium or hydrogen, since the required blower power is proportional to the gas density.
  • Gas mixtures with a high proportion by volume of a low-density gas are also favorable, for example gas mixtures of nitrogen with hydrogen or helium.
  • a quenching device designed according to the concept of the invention is characterized in that the charging frame is assigned conducting means which are designed and arranged in such a way that all quenching gas flowing through the charging frame is guided into the flow channel.
  • the guiding means produce a deterrent gas-tight connection between the charging frame and the flow channel, in particular through the formation of an additional flow channel in the form of a flow channel Vorsatzes between the charging frame and the actual flow channel and thus prevent the quenching gas, which has already flowed through the charging frame, can flow laterally into the quenching chamber in a region below the lowermost bottom of the charging frame.
  • Optimal flow rates can be achieved by the resulting quenching gas flow bundling.
  • the guide means and the peripheral closed peripheral wall add up to a common, disposed within the quenching chamber flow channel, which prevents a lateral outflow of the quenching gas from the Chargiergestell.
  • a design completely eliminates bypass flows to the outside and directs the entire flow through the charge without the need to provide an adjustable flow channel for each workpiece to be located within the quench chamber.
  • the guide means may also be extended from the floor to the bottom, i. formed in the flow direction, protruding portion of the peripheral wall.
  • the guide means are part of the charging rack and extend from the, preferably single, bottom floor in the direction of the discharge opening of the flow channel.
  • the guide means are designed and arranged such that an at least largely, preferably completely dense connection to the bottom region of the quenching chamber can be produced.
  • the guiding means are part of the quenching chamber and / or the flow channel and the charging frame can be docked close to the guiding means, preferably designed as a closed peripheral wall, preferably by placing the charging frame on the circumferentially closed conducting means.
  • heat exchanger heat exchanger
  • exchanger is arranged, with which the quenching gas specifically absorbed heat can be withdrawn.
  • a gas inlet opens into the flow circuit, preferably directly into the quenching chamber, through which quenching gas, preferably under pressure from a high-pressure tank, can be introduced.
  • quenching gas preferably under pressure from a high-pressure tank.
  • means for evacuating the quenching chamber are preferably provided.
  • the blower power in combination with the freely flowing through surface part preferably from 0.4 to 0.5, is selected to be so large that a heat transfer of at least 3,000 W / m 2 K is achieved in the particular quenching gas used.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a quenching device with Chargiergestell
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a charging frame loaded with material to be quenched.
  • the quenching device 1 comprises a quenching chamber 3 with a pressure-resistant door 4 (loading door) for and unloading the quenching chamber 3 with a charging frame 5 of carbon fiber reinforced carbon carrying the quenched material 2.
  • a compressed gas line 6 for supplying quenching gas from a high-pressure vessel. 7
  • a flow channel 8 is fluidly connected, which forms a flow circuit for the quenching gas together with the quenching chamber 3.
  • a heat exchanger 1 1 for removing heat from the quenching gas.
  • the quenching gas is accelerated and blown in the direction of the heat exchanger 11, and passes through an orifice 12 of the flow channel 8 into the quenching chamber 3 and out of the latter through an orifice 13.
  • the charging frame 5 comprises a grid-like, planar bottom 14 in which a multiplicity of passage openings 15 are formed.
  • quenched material 2 is deposited at a distance dx from one another in an X-direction and at a distance dy from one another in a Y-direction.
  • the freely permeable surface portion of the bottom 14 loaded with quenched material 2 is the ratio of the difference between the total area a x b of the bottom 14 and the cross-sectional area of the total quenched material 2 to the total floor area a x b.
  • the free-flowing surface area portion is selected from a value range between 0.4 and 0.5.
  • peripheral wall 16 extends perpendicular to the surface extension of the bottom 14 a circumferentially closed peripheral wall 16.
  • This peripheral wall 16 extends in the embodiment shown, starting from the bottom 14 in the direction of the mouth opening 12 and ends at a distance therefrom, but projects beyond the entire charging frame 5 counter to the flow direction 17 of the quenching gas.
  • the peripheral wall 16 thus bundles the quenching gas and prevents leakage laterally from the charging frame 5 in the quenching chamber.
  • standing feet 22 are arranged on the bottom 14 of the charging frame 5, with the aid of which the charging frame 5 can be placed outside the quenching chamber 3.
  • the feet 22 protrude in the flow direction into a region within the guide means 19.
  • the square in the embodiment shown circumferential contour of the peripheral wall 16 can be seen whose upper end face 18 is arranged at a distance from the orifice 12, so that the quenching gas must flow directly through the quenching chamber on its way out of the flow channel 8.
  • the charging frame 5 does not comprise walls arranged within the peripheral wall 16 for forming separate flow channels for the quenched material 2.
  • Flow channels within the peripheral wall 16 are exclusively from the quenched material 2 or from the quenched material 2 and the peripheral wall 16 formed.
  • guiding means 19 are provided, which are firmly integrated in the embodiment shown in the quenching chamber, and the Surround the discharge opening 13 laterally.
  • the guide means 19 are designed in the manner of a circumferentially closed peripheral wall 16 which, starting from a base surface 20 (bottom) of the quenching chamber 3, extends counter to the flow direction 17 as far as the charging frame 5.
  • the charging frame 5 On a circumferential, upper end face 21 of the guide means 19, the charging frame 5 is sealingly without gap formation, so that the peripheral wall 16 together with the circumferential wall-type guide means 19 forms a Vorströmungskanal, which is upstream of the actual flow channel 8, ie the mouth opening 12. Due to the dynamic pressure forming outside the charging frame 5 within the quenching chamber 3, essentially the entire exhaust gas volume flow passes through the charging frame 5 to the flow channel 8.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une structure de chargement (5) destinée à recevoir une charge de produit (2) à tremper au moyen de gaz de trempe, notamment de pièces métalliques. Selon l'invention, la structure de chargement (5) présente une paroi périphérique (16) fermée périphériquement, entourant la charge et formant ainsi un canal d'écoulement (8) empêchant les flux contournants. L'invention concerne également un dispositif de trempe (1) comportant une structure de chargement (5).
EP09765083A 2009-01-14 2009-12-02 Structure de chargement et dispositif de trempe comportant une structure de chargement Withdrawn EP2387623A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009000201.4A DE102009000201B4 (de) 2009-01-14 2009-01-14 Chargiergestell sowie Abschreckvorrichtung mit Chargiergestell
PCT/EP2009/066206 WO2010081588A1 (fr) 2009-01-14 2009-12-02 Structure de chargement et dispositif de trempe comportant une structure de chargement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2387623A1 true EP2387623A1 (fr) 2011-11-23

Family

ID=41629826

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09765083A Withdrawn EP2387623A1 (fr) 2009-01-14 2009-12-02 Structure de chargement et dispositif de trempe comportant une structure de chargement

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US8900509B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2387623A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5762310B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102282272A (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0924029A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009000201B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010081588A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009000201B4 (de) 2009-01-14 2018-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Chargiergestell sowie Abschreckvorrichtung mit Chargiergestell
DE102018220304B3 (de) * 2018-11-27 2019-10-31 Audi Ag Abschreckvorrichtung mit Chargiergestell und Chargiergestell
DE102019204869A1 (de) * 2019-04-05 2020-10-08 Audi Ag Abschreckvorrichtung zur chargenweisen Abschreckkühlung von Metallbauteilen

Citations (5)

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US1431618A (en) * 1921-07-02 1922-10-10 Aderer Julius Annealing device
US2296380A (en) * 1940-02-07 1942-09-22 Davidson Avis Cole Method of and apparatus for heat treating
US4272306A (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-06-09 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Carburizing tub apparatus and method
US4351314A (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-28 Morton David C Portable heater
US7255829B1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2007-08-14 Ipsen International Gmbh Method and apparatus for treatment of metallic workpieces

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US2621912A (en) * 1947-04-29 1952-12-16 Richard N Lyon Receptacle
JPS5356111A (en) * 1976-11-02 1978-05-22 Saamaru Kakou Kk Tray for annealing
DK495880A (da) 1980-11-20 1982-05-21 B & W Diesel As Braendselinjektor til forbraendingsmotorer
JPS57102556U (fr) * 1980-12-08 1982-06-24
DE3322386A1 (de) 1983-06-22 1985-01-10 Schmetz Industrieofenbau und Vakuum-Hartlöttechnik KG, 5750 Menden Verfahren zur kuehlung einer charge nach einer waermebehandlung und ofenanlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
JPS61181297A (ja) 1985-02-06 1986-08-13 Iwatsu Electric Co Ltd 時分割デジタル交換装置におけるダイヤル信号の回り込み除去方式
JPS61181297U (fr) * 1985-05-02 1986-11-12
JP3017303B2 (ja) 1990-03-27 2000-03-06 光洋サーモシステム株式会社 熱処理装置
JPH0776670B2 (ja) * 1991-04-30 1995-08-16 大亜真空株式会社 真空熱処理炉
DE29512569U1 (de) 1995-08-04 1995-11-30 Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh Träger für Härtegut
DE29603022U1 (de) 1996-02-21 1996-04-18 Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken metallischer Werkstücke
JP3946796B2 (ja) * 1996-08-22 2007-07-18 大陽日酸株式会社 サブゼロ処理装置
ES2184376T3 (es) 1999-09-24 2003-04-01 Ipsen Int Gmbh Procedimiento para el tratamiento termico de piezas de trabajo metalicas.
JP4317299B2 (ja) * 1999-10-22 2009-08-19 株式会社日本テクノ 熱処理用治具
DE10117987A1 (de) 2001-04-10 2002-10-31 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Chargiergestell für die Wärme- und/oder Kühlbehandlung von zu härtenden Metallteilen
CN1244706C (zh) * 2001-11-13 2006-03-08 伊普森国际股份有限公司 金属工件热处理的方法和装置
DE10210952B4 (de) * 2002-03-13 2007-02-15 Ald Vacuum Technologies Ag Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von metallischen Werkstücken mit Kühlgas
JP2004107705A (ja) 2002-09-17 2004-04-08 Daido Steel Co Ltd 真空浸炭炉
JP2006527351A (ja) 2003-06-13 2006-11-30 シュンク・コーレンストッフテヒニーク・ゲーエムベーハー 部材の支持具及び支持具の製造方法
DE10327095A1 (de) 2003-06-13 2005-02-10 Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh Träger für Bauteile sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen
DE102004051546A1 (de) 2004-10-22 2006-05-04 Ald Vacuum Technologies Ag Verfahren zum verzugsarmen Härten von metallischen Bauteilen
DE102009000201B4 (de) 2009-01-14 2018-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Chargiergestell sowie Abschreckvorrichtung mit Chargiergestell

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1431618A (en) * 1921-07-02 1922-10-10 Aderer Julius Annealing device
US2296380A (en) * 1940-02-07 1942-09-22 Davidson Avis Cole Method of and apparatus for heat treating
US4272306A (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-06-09 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Carburizing tub apparatus and method
US4351314A (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-28 Morton David C Portable heater
US7255829B1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2007-08-14 Ipsen International Gmbh Method and apparatus for treatment of metallic workpieces

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2010081588A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010081588A1 (fr) 2010-07-22
BRPI0924029A2 (pt) 2016-01-26
JP2012515263A (ja) 2012-07-05
JP5762310B2 (ja) 2015-08-12
CN102282272A (zh) 2011-12-14
US8900509B2 (en) 2014-12-02
US20120013056A1 (en) 2012-01-19
DE102009000201A1 (de) 2010-07-15
DE102009000201B4 (de) 2018-06-21

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