EP2381531B1 - Antenne en réseau commandée par phases - Google Patents

Antenne en réseau commandée par phases Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2381531B1
EP2381531B1 EP20110161985 EP11161985A EP2381531B1 EP 2381531 B1 EP2381531 B1 EP 2381531B1 EP 20110161985 EP20110161985 EP 20110161985 EP 11161985 A EP11161985 A EP 11161985A EP 2381531 B1 EP2381531 B1 EP 2381531B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
radiator elements
individual radiator
bands
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP20110161985
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2381531A1 (fr
Inventor
Dr. Georg Strauß
Klaus Breitsameter
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Aeromaritime Systembau GmbH
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Aeromaritime Systembau GmbH
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Publication of EP2381531A1 publication Critical patent/EP2381531A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a group antenna, in particular a phased array, electrically pivotable array antenna.
  • antennas with a large antenna gain and at the same time small inherent noise are of great importance, in particular, if the signals to be received are weak or if the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, e.g. is great in communications involving satellites.
  • the main beam direction of the antenna must be able to be adjusted so that it points in the direction of the receiver or transmitter. This therefore requires the possibility of being able to pivot the antenna about at least two axes. This can be achieved either by a mechanical alignment of the antenna or by a fundamental change in the beam characteristic of the antenna.
  • both the antenna gain and the radiation efficiency of parabolic reflector antennas are typically extremely high. Due to the large directivity, the beam width is small, the antenna must therefore typically be positioned at 1 ° both in the azimuthal direction and in the direction of the elevation direction. If the platform moves, an exact alignment of the antenna must be done quickly, so that a sufficient data rate can be guaranteed. This requires a very high mechanical and control engineering effort.
  • group antennas which consequently consist of a plurality of discrete and substantially regularly arranged radiators to electronically pivot (see, eg Parker, D .; Zimmermann, DC: Phased Arrays - Part 1: Theory and Architectures, Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on Volume 50, Issue 3 March 2002 Page (s): 678 - 687 or Mailloux, RJ, Phased Array Antenna Handbook, Artech House; Edition: 2nd (April 2005 )).
  • Such array antennas are usually constructed both in planar circuit technology and in waveguide technology (see, eg Volakis, JL Antenna Engineering Handbook, Mac Graw Hill, 4th (2007 ) or Cicolani, M .; Farina, A .; Giaccari, E .; Madia, F .; Ronconi, R .; Sabatini, S .; Some phased array systems and technologies in AMS, Phased Array Systems and Technology, 2003. IEEE International Symposium on 14-17 Oct. 2003 Page (s): 23 - 30 ).
  • planar concepts require relatively little technological effort and have therefore prevailed in many applications.
  • Disadvantages are a relatively low radiation efficiency typically up to 60%. If the individual emitter concepts are so-called patch antennas, their applicability is limited to a narrow bandwidth of typically 10%.
  • An additional disadvantage is the relatively small electrical tilt angle of a maximum of ⁇ 30 °. The reason for this is the relatively large deviation of the beam characteristic of a single patch antenna from an isotropic (spherical) radiator.
  • Vivaldi antennas as single radiators (see eg Holter, H; Chio, T .; Schaubert, D .: Experimental Results of 144 Element Dual-Polarized Endfire Tapered-Slot Phased Arrays, IEEE Transact. On Antennas and Propag., Vol. 48, N0. 11, November 2000 ). Again, however, the radiation efficiency is typically limited to a maximum of 60%.
  • phased array antennas are based on the use of horn antennas (open or open-ended waveguides) as a single radiator.
  • horn antennas open or open-ended waveguides
  • Such groups are essentially ideally suited to the integration of high-quality waveguide filters to enable full duplex operation.
  • the distance between the individual radiator elements must not exceed a certain maximum value in order to suppress unwanted additional grating lows, while at the same time a single antenna element must be greater than ⁇ low / 2, so that propagatable electromagnetic waves can be performed. Therefore, it is not possible to assemble horn antennas into an antenna array that would allow use in the required large slew angle range.
  • conventional electronically pivotable array antennas either a sufficiently good radiation efficiency and directivity only in a small swing angle range of typically ⁇ 10 ° or a significant reduction in directivity at a larger swing angle (about halving the directivity at a tilt angle of ⁇ 45 °) at the same time much less favorable Radiation efficiency of only 60%. Even a complete duplex operation due to the necessary signal separation without additional unwanted losses is hardly possible.
  • the systems known from the prior art can not simultaneously meet the high demands on the slew angle, the losses, the usable (frequency) bandwidth and in this case full duplex functionality as well as the processing of left and right circularly polarized signals with acceptable cross polarization decoupling ,
  • group antennas with a plurality of individual radiating elements are known from the prior art, wherein the single radiator elements are idle ribbon cables and wherein the idling, radiating ends of the individual radiator elements lie in a common radiating plane.
  • the individual radiator elements are arranged in the common Abstrahlebene on a square grid (see, eg Holzman EI: "A wide band TEM horn array radiator with a novel microstrip feed", 2000 IEEE international conference at Dana Point, CA USA 2125, May 2000, pages 441-444 , XP010504627).
  • WO 00 / 35044A1 shows a feed network, which is at least partially formed by ribbon cables and the feed network is subdivided into sub-networks, each feeding a coherent group of Einzelstrahlerimplantationn the group antenna. Phase shifters are still shown.
  • the antenna according to the invention is suitably suitable for reception and has corresponding reception properties since the structures used have reciprocal electromagnetic properties exhibit.
  • a group antenna which comprises at least two individual radiator elements, each of which is formed by an idling ribbon cable (parallel plate lines).
  • idle ribbon cables as single radiator elements allows low-reflection power supply over a wide bandwidth, since the single radiator elements are not operated in resonance, as z.
  • the losses of the individual radiator elements are very small.
  • the distances between the individual radiator elements can be chosen to be smaller than half the free space wavelength, whereby very large pivoting angles can be achieved without additional diffraction maxima (lobes) being produced as a result of the group arrangement (grating lobes). This is z. B. in a group antenna, in which horn antennas or empty running waveguide antennas are used as single radiator elements, not possible.
  • the individual beam elements in the form of idle ribbon cables can be designed such that they have a large 3dB beam width (so-called half power beam width), as a result of which the antenna gain becomes almost independent of the swivel angle.
  • individual jet elements used in accordance with the invention have a relatively low electromagnetic coupling in the form of idle ribbon cables.
  • two alternative stripline structures may preferably be used.
  • the purely transverse electromagnetic wave TE00 type (purely transversal electromagnetic wave type) is excited and used, wherein the band lines in the propagation direction of the wave should be substantially translationally invariant.
  • the strip conductors may consist of two strips arranged substantially parallel to one another and spaced apart from an insulator material whose opposite inner surfaces are coated with a material having a high electrical conductivity, an intermediate insulator material being arranged between the strips.
  • the inter-insulator material should have the smallest possible dielectric loss angle and a homogeneous and isotropic electrical permittivity. Examples of materials that can be used as inter-insulator material are air or Rohacell.
  • the insulator material of the tapes should have the best possible insulating properties, e.g. Plastics in general or plastic foams such as PVC, polystyrene or the like can be used.
  • the material with which the opposite inner surfaces of the bands is coated should have the highest possible electrical conductivity with the smallest possible surface roughness.
  • This may be, for example, a metallic coating of silver, copper, aluminum or the like.
  • the thickness of the coating is preferably at least equal to the skin penetration depth of the lowest occurring frequency.
  • a coating in the form of a self-adhesive metal strip can be selected, which is applied to the opposite inner sides of the bands.
  • An alternative to the above-described structure of the ribbon conductor is a structure of two parallel substantially spaced parallel and spaced apart bands of a material with high electrical conductivity, between which in turn an intermediate insulator material is arranged.
  • the intermediate insulator material e.g. Air or Rohacell.
  • the tapes again offer metals such as copper, aluminum, brass o. ⁇ .
  • the two bands must not necessarily consist of the same material.
  • further insulating elements made of an insulating spacer material may be arranged in sections between the bands in order to achieve the desired spacing between the individual conductive structures.
  • the spacer material used has suitable electrical properties (small electrical loss angle) and mechanical properties (small coefficient of linear expansion, high modulus of elasticity).
  • An example of a spacer material is polystyrene.
  • the term "band" in the context of a stripline in the context of the present invention is to be interpreted broadly. While in common usage under a band is probably understood an object whose width and in particular length are significantly greater than its thickness, the strip lines used in the present invention may also be formed, at least in sections, by spaced-apart solid cuboids whose dimension is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the shaft, ie their "thickness" is substantially equal to the width.
  • bands can be simultaneously part of two or more ribbon cables.
  • the four side surfaces of a cuboid are used as band sections of four different ribbon lines, as far as opposite to each of these surfaces spaced another "band” is arranged.
  • a stripline in the broadest sense means a structure of two substantially planar, mutually parallel and spaced-apart conductive surfaces (bands) between which electromagnetic waves can propagate in a preferred propagation direction.
  • Both the beam characteristic and the input reflection factor of an idler tape line is fundamentally determined by the geometry of the tape line, i. Distance of the bands, width of the bands and thickness of the bands determined.
  • the ratio the distance between the two bands to the width of the bands as less than 0.2, in particular less than 0.1 to choose.
  • the idling, radiating ends of the individual radiator elements are preferably in a common plane of abstraction.
  • two idle ribbon cables are arranged so that their empty radiating ends are perpendicular to each other in a common Abstrahlebene.
  • the feeding of such a circular antenna element is in this case such that at a certain frequency, the phases of the guided in the respective ribbon cables waves differ by + 90 ° or -90 °, the respective amplitudes are the same.
  • the band lines combined into a circular antenna element have identical geometric dimensions.
  • the idle ends of the banded conductors combined into a circular antenna element directly adjoin one another in the common plane of abstraction, combining penetrating volumes, i. the side surface of a band of a band line forms part of the inner surface of a band of the other band line.
  • both the individual radiator elements according to the invention i. individual open-running ribbon cables, as well as from two open-running ribbon cables, previously described circular antenna elements in any number, orientation and locations are positioned to form a group antenna.
  • the individual radiator elements are preferably arranged in such a way that the idle ends lie in a common radiation plane.
  • the directivity of the antenna array is greater the larger the area occupied by the antenna elements.
  • the antenna characteristic can be changed such that the main beam direction of the antenna changes.
  • the elevation angle of the antenna is the angle enclosed by the main beam direction and the direction of propagation of the shaft in the ribbon cable (better and the normal of the radiating surface) in the empty ribbon cables.
  • a coherent group is characterized by the fact that, at a certain frequency, both the phase differences and the amplitude differences of all individual emitter elements are constant and predetermined.
  • the feed network consists of N + 1 gates, whereby an electromagnetic wave is fed in via the N + 1 gate and distributed to the N gates.
  • the gate N + 1 is called the dining gate.
  • the feed networks preferably have group delay times between the individual ports, which are almost independent of the frequency. This can be achieved, for example, by a feed network in which purely transversal modes are guided, which according to the invention is achieved by the use of a feed network in stripline technology.
  • the main beam direction can be changed by suitable excitation of electromagnetic waves of the frequency f in the M feed gates, the amplitudes and the phases of the exciting waves being changed accordingly.
  • a coherent group is formed by a series of individual radiating elements arranged side by side. Different coherent groups, each consisting of in a row arranged single radiator elements are then arranged parallel to each other, so that, for example, in the common Abstrahlebene results in a regular arrangement of the empty ends of the Einzelstrahleremia.
  • coherent groups in the form of individual radiator elements arranged in rows makes it possible to change the main beam direction only in the plane forming the coherent groups and in the plane perpendicular to the plane of emission.
  • the idle ends of the strip lines can be distributed to a regular, for example, orthogonal grid such that the respective centers of the radiating surfaces of the ribbon lines coincide with the grid points, the bands as well the propagation directions of the waves in the ribbon conductors are arranged substantially parallel to one another and the E-field vectors are oriented identically.
  • individual radiating elements of one row or one column of the grating are combined to form a coherent group.
  • the arrangement described above has the disadvantage that the polarity of the emitted or received electromagnetic waves has an object-fixed orientation or is linear. This leads in particular to unwanted Losses, if the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna have different polarities or orientation of the polarities.
  • the arrangement can be extended by positioning additional individual emitter elements in the grid.
  • the centers of the radiating surfaces of the additional idle ribbon cables lie in each case centered between the grid points, wherein the bands of the additional ribbon lines are perpendicular to the bands of the arranged at the grid points ribbon lines and the propagation directions of the waves in the additional ribbon lines substantially parallel to each other and to Propagation directions of the waves in the arranged at the grid points tape lines are.
  • the E field vectors in the additional band lines are orthogonal to those in the band lines already arranged in the lattice points.
  • coherent antenna groups can again be formed, which then each consist of the individual beam elements arranged in a row or column of the grid, the individual radiating elements arranged between the grid points then being assigned to one of the adjacent rows / columns.
  • the array of single radiator elements described above in connection with a dual linearly polarized array antenna according to the invention can also be used to construct and operate a double circularly polarized array antenna.
  • the single radiator elements arranged in a row or column of the grating are not grouped. Rather, the grouping takes place along the diagonal through the grating, so that the empty-running radiating ends of the grouped together in the group of individual emitter elements are arranged alternately perpendicular to each other and at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the grid.
  • the individual radiators combined into a coherent group are arranged along a row, wherein the empty-running radiating ends of the individual radiator elements adjacent in the row are arranged alternately perpendicular to one another and at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the course direction of the row.
  • the individual coherent groups are then again arranged parallel to one another, ie along the diagonal through the grid.
  • the individual radiator elements combined into adjacent coherent groups ie individual radiator elements arranged along the two adjacent diagonals, are formed axially symmetrically with respect to the center line between the corresponding diagonals through the lattice. In this way, a very compact antenna structure can be achieved.
  • adjacent coherent groups are fed with a respective phase offset of 180 ° to each other.
  • individual emitter elements combined into adjacent coherent groups ie individual emitter elements arranged along the two adjacent diagonals through the grating, can be designed to be translationally symmetrical with respect to the grating, i.
  • Corresponding individual radiator elements of adjacent coherent groups are obtained by a translation around a row or column of the lattice. In this case, it is not necessary to feed adjacent coherent groups with a phase shift to each other. However, the antenna structure to be achieved is not so compact.
  • a beam sweep in the plane takes place, which is spanned by the E-field vector and the diagonal of the grid.
  • adjacent coherent groups with a pivoting of the beam conditional defined phase offset ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ... fed.
  • this defined phase offset ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 ,... Takes place in addition to the system-related respective phase offset of 180 ° between adjacent coherent groups.
  • the grid is formed by mutually perpendicular vectors of the same amount.
  • the elements necessary for the operation of the array antenna in a feed network of ribbon cables for the provision and adaptation can be realized as follows, wherein the basic principles known, for example, from waveguide technology can be easily transferred to the feed network according to the invention in stripline technology.
  • structures can be produced in the stripline technique with which it is possible to rotate the orientation of the electromagnetic field guided in the ribbon line normal to the propagation direction.
  • the strip line is preferably twisted evenly about its longitudinal axis by the corresponding angle (this structure is also called twist in the following).
  • This can be produced, for example, by cutting through a metal cylinder along its longitudinal axis, wherein the cylinder rotates about its longitudinal axis when the cut is made.
  • an array antenna 1 according to the invention is shown there with a corresponding feed network 2 designed in stripline technology, the array antenna 1 being designed to receive and transmit circularly polarized signals.
  • the antenna 1 comprises a total of 32 individual radiator elements 3 in the form of each idling ribbon cables 4, the open, radiating ends 5 are arranged in a common Abstrahlebene 6.
  • the single radiator elements 3 are grouped into four coherent antenna groups 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d.
  • Each of the coherent antenna groups 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d comprises eight individual radiator elements 3 arranged in a row in the common radiating plane 6, the radiating ends 5 of the single radiator elements 6 adjacent in the row being alternately perpendicular to each other and with respect to each other the course direction R of the series form an angle ⁇ of 45 °.
  • each coherent antenna array 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d two adjacent single radiator elements 3 are combined to form a circular antenna element 11, beginning at the beginning of the row, respectively.
  • the feeding of the adjacent individual radiator elements through the feed network 2 takes place such that at a certain frequency the phases of the guided in the respective ribbon cables 4 waves differ by + 90 ° or -90 °, the respective amplitudes are the same.
  • Each of the coherent groups 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d thus comprises four circular antenna elements 11.
  • FIG. 3 A detailed illustration of the coherent groups 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d and of the circular antenna elements 11 is shown in FIG. 3 given for clarity only by way of example individual circular antenna elements 11 has been provided with a reference numeral.
  • the Einzelstrahleretti the adjacent coherent groups 10 a, 10 b and 10 b, 10 c and 10 c, 10 d are formed axially symmetrical to the center line between the directions of the groups 10 a, 10 b, 10 c and 10 d, so that a particularly compact arrangement of the individual radiator elements in the array antenna can be achieved.
  • the coherent groups 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d are furthermore fed with an additional phase offset ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , so that in this case the phase relationship of the groups results in:
  • the individual radiator elements 3 according to the invention are formed in the common Abstrahlebene 6 by gap-like spaces between metal blocks 7. Consequently, a metal block 7, depending on its position within the antenna group, forms with its side surfaces bands of up to four different ribbon conductors 4.
  • the "bands" of the ribbon cables 4 are made of solid metal, here brass.
  • the band structures of the ribbon conductors 4 of at least the feeding network 2 can also be produced by covering or metallizing plastic strips on the opposite inner sides with a copper foil.
  • the individual radiator elements 3 belonging to a coherent group 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, 10 d are fed by the feed network 2.
  • the network 2 comprises four subnetworks 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, which are embodied in stripline technology and are each connected via a corresponding interface 9 as a feed gate to a customary feed electronics (not shown). It is taken into account in the feed that adjacent coherent groups must be fed with a phase offset of 180 °.
  • each sub-network 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d respectively feeds circular antenna elements 11 whose single radiator elements 3 are fed with 90 ° phase offset to each other
  • each sub-network 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d has two sub-networks 30a, 30b whose phase is known by those skilled in the art Means, e.g. B. is offset with each other by 90 ° with symmetrical directional couplers.
  • the signals introduced via the respective interfaces 9 into the subnetworks 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d are in this case distributed via a symmetrical directional coupler 12 to the two subnetworks 30a, 30b.
  • FIG. 8 By way of example, a section of a subnetwork 30a is shown, with which four individual emitter elements 3 of the coherent group 10a are fed.
  • spacers 8 are disposed of an insulator material between the bands of the ribbon cables 4 of the subnetwork 30a. Furthermore, in the FIG. 8 a plurality of executed in strip line technology bends in the E-plane 31, a bend in the H-plane 32 and branches in the E-plane 33 shown.
  • the split by the sub-network 30a, guided in the individual ribbon cables 4 of the sub-network 30a waves are affected before reaching the Abstrahlebene 6 by other elements.
  • the elements 34 denoted as twist the orientation of the E-field vector is rotated perpendicular to the propagation direction of the shaft and the shaft is then guided again by two angled sections in the E-plane 35.
  • both the width of the ribbon cables 4, as well as the distance between the "bands" are linearly increased in the propagation direction of the wave to adapt the characteristic impedance.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrates the function of the twist 34, with which the ribbon line 4 and thus the orientation of the E-field vector is rotated perpendicular to the propagation direction of the shaft.
  • the individual radiator elements 3 or band lines 4 belonging to the coherent group 10a are provided with the corresponding reference numeral 10a.
  • the respective individual radiator elements 3 or band lines 4 belonging to the other coherent groups 10b, 10c and 10d are arranged in corresponding parallel rows.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic plan view of the Abstrahlebene an alternative embodiment of the array antenna 1, in the coherent groups 10a, 10b and 10b, 10c and 10c, 10d combined individual radiator elements 3, ie each arranged along the direction R individual radiator elements 3 with respect to the lattice translationally symmetrical are formed.
  • adjacent individual emitter elements 3 are combined to form circular antenna elements 11 within the groups.
  • phase relationship of the groups to each other is, for example, as follows: Coherent group Phase of the respective circular antenna elements 11 (viewed in the direction of R, respectively) 10a 90 ° / 0 ° 10b 90 ° / 0 ° 10c 90 ° / 0 ° 10d 90 ° / 0 °
  • the coherent groups 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d are fed with an additional phase offset ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 for beam steering, so that in this case the phase relationship of the groups results in: Coherent group Phase of the respective circular antenna elements 11th (seen in the direction R) 10a 90 ° / 0 ° 10b 90 ° + ⁇ 1 / ⁇ + 0 ° 1 10c 90 ° + ⁇ 2 / ⁇ + 2 ° 0 10d 90 ° + ⁇ 3/0 ° + ⁇ 3

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Antenne en réseau (1) comprenant:
    - au moins deux éléments rayonnants individuels (3), dans laquelle les au moins deux éléments rayonnants individuels (3) sont des guides d'ondes à rubans en circuit ouvert (4) et dans laquelle les extrémités rayonnantes en circuit ouvert (5) des éléments rayonnants individuels (3) se trouvent dans un plan de rayonnement commun (6),
    - l'antenne en réseau (1) comprend un réseau d'alimentation (2) qui présente des guides d'ondes à rubans (4) affectés aux éléments rayonnants individuels (3) et
    - les éléments rayonnants individuels (3) sont aménagés dans le plan de rayonnement commun (6) en au moins une rangée,
    caractérisé en ce que:
    - les extrémités rayonnantes en circuit ouvert (5) des éléments rayonnants individuels (3) voisins dans la rangée sont aménagées en alternance perpendiculairement l'une à l'autre et selon un angle (a) de sensiblement 45 ° par rapport à la direction d'extension (R) de la rangée, dans laquelle :
    - le réseau d'alimentation (2) est conçu de manière que les éléments rayonnants individuels (3) aménagés dans la rangée forment un groupe cohérent (10a, b, c, d), dans lequel les différences de phase et les différences d'amplitude des éléments rayonnants individuels (3) appartenant au groupe cohérent (10a, b, c, d) sont constantes et préétablies,
    - à l'intérieur du groupe cohérent (10a, b, c, d), respectivement deux éléments rayonnants individuels voisins (3) sont alimentés avec un décalage de phase défini pour former un élément d'antenne circulaire (11) et
    - au moins un guide d'ondes à rubans (4) du réseau d'alimentation est torsadé dans une section (34) d'un angle prédéterminé autour de son axe longitudinal pour faire tourner l'orientation du champ électromagnétique guidé dans le guide d'ondes à rubans (4) normalement à la direction de propagation de l'onde dans le guide d'ondes à rubans (4).
  2. Antenne en réseau (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que:
    les extrémités rayonnantes en circuit ouvert (5) des guides d'ondes à rubans (4) opérant en éléments rayonnants individuels (3) sont formées dans le plan de rayonnement commun (6) par des espaces intermédiaires en forme de fentes entre des blocs métalliques (7).
  3. Antenne en réseau (1) selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisée en ce que:
    un bloc métallique (7) forme respectivement selon sa position dans le plan de rayonnement commun (6) avec ses faces latérales des rubans de jusqu'à quatre guides d'ondes à rubans différents (4) agissant comme des éléments rayonnants individuels (3).
  4. Antenne en réseau (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que:
    les guides d'ondes à rubans (4) sont constitués de deux rubans aménagés sensiblement parallèlement l'un à l'autre et à distance l'un de l'autre en matériau isolant, dont les faces internes opposées sont revêtues d'un matériau à conductivité électrique élevée, dans laquelle un matériau isolant intermédiaire est aménagé entre les rubans.
  5. Antenne en réseau (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que:
    les guides d'ondes à rubans (4) sont constitués de deux rubans aménagés sensiblement parallèlement l'un à l'autre et à distance l'un de l'autre d'un matériau à conductivité électrique élevée, entre lesquels un matériau isolant intermédiaire est aménagé.
  6. Antenne en réseau (1) selon la revendication 4 ou la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que:
    observé en coupe transversale, le rapport de la distance des deux rubans à la largeur des rubans est inférieur à 0,2, en particulier inférieur à 0,1.
  7. Antenne en réseau (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que:
    l'antenne en réseau (1) présente plusieurs rangées, s'étendant parallèlement l'une à l'autre, d'éléments rayonnants individuels (3).
  8. Réseau d'alimentation (2) pour une antenne en réseau (1),
    qui est formé au moins par sections de guides d'ondes à rubans (4), dans lequel:
    - le réseau d'alimentation (2) est subdivisé en sous-réseaux (20a,b,c,d) qui alimentent respectivement un groupe cohérent (10a,b,c,d) d'éléments rayonnants individuels (3) de l'antenne en réseau (1) et
    - les sous-réseaux (20a, b, c, d) présentent respectivement deux réseaux partiels (30a,b), dans lequel les ondes guidées dans les deux réseaux partiels (30a,b) présentent un décalage de phase défini l'une par rapport à l'autre,
    caractérisé en ce que :
    le réseau d'alimentation (2) présente au moins un guide d'ondes à rubans (4) qui est torsadé dans une section (34) d'un angle prédéterminé autour de son axe longitudinal pour faire tourner l'orientation du champ électromagnétique guidé dans le guide d'ondes à rubans (4) normalement à la direction de propagation de l'onde dans le guide d'ondes à rubans (4).
  9. Réseau d'alimentation (2) selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé en ce que:
    le sous-réseau (20a, b, c, d) est conçu pour que les temps de parcours en réseau entre la porte d'alimentation (9) et les éléments rayonnants individuels (3) du sous-réseau respectif (20a, b, c, d) soient sensiblement identiques.
EP20110161985 2010-04-14 2011-04-12 Antenne en réseau commandée par phases Not-in-force EP2381531B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010014916 DE102010014916B4 (de) 2010-04-14 2010-04-14 Phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne

Publications (2)

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EP2381531A1 EP2381531A1 (fr) 2011-10-26
EP2381531B1 true EP2381531B1 (fr) 2015-02-25

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DE (1) DE102010014916B4 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016112581A1 (de) * 2016-07-08 2018-01-11 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne
DE102016112583A1 (de) 2016-07-08 2018-01-11 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Steuerbares Phasenstellglied für elektromagnetische Wellen
CN106207439B (zh) * 2016-09-08 2023-03-24 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 一种双圆极化天线单元及阵列天线
CN107959111B (zh) * 2017-11-20 2024-03-08 河南师范大学 一种双频电小缝隙天线
CN113437534A (zh) * 2021-07-02 2021-09-24 成都锐芯盛通电子科技有限公司 Ku/Ka双频双极化相控阵天线辐射阵列
CN117317619B (zh) * 2023-12-01 2024-04-12 成都恪赛科技有限公司 一种±45°双极化四馈瓦式相控阵天线

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH341200A (de) * 1955-08-04 1959-09-30 Standard Telephon & Radio Ag Richtantennenanordnung
DD55706A1 (de) * 1963-11-13 1967-05-05 Breitbandrichtantenne
DE2434868A1 (de) * 1973-07-25 1975-07-03 Int Standard Electric Corp Zweifach zirkularpolarisierende antenne mit diagrammschwenkung durch phasensteuerung
DE3503990C2 (de) * 1985-02-06 1986-11-20 Eltro GmbH, Gesellschaft für Strahlungstechnik, 6900 Heidelberg Breitbandiges Richtantennensystem
JP2002532928A (ja) * 1998-12-10 2002-10-02 レイセオン・カンパニー 広帯域マイクロストリップから平行板導波管への転移部
EP1679761A1 (fr) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-12 Success Chip Ltd., c/o Offshore Incorporations Ltd., P.O. Box 957, Offshore Incorporations Center Antenne pour un dispositif emetteur et/ ou recepteur mobile

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DE102010014916A1 (de) 2011-10-20
DE102010014916B4 (de) 2012-10-31

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