EP2377796A1 - Safety system for a trolley on a crane - Google Patents
Safety system for a trolley on a crane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2377796A1 EP2377796A1 EP11156046A EP11156046A EP2377796A1 EP 2377796 A1 EP2377796 A1 EP 2377796A1 EP 11156046 A EP11156046 A EP 11156046A EP 11156046 A EP11156046 A EP 11156046A EP 2377796 A1 EP2377796 A1 EP 2377796A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- trolley
- safety system
- brake
- wedge
- crane
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C9/00—Travelling gear incorporated in or fitted to trolleys or cranes
- B66C9/18—Travelling gear incorporated in or fitted to trolleys or cranes with means for locking trolleys or cranes to runways or tracks to prevent inadvertent movements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a security system for a trolley of a crane, wherein the trolley is movably mounted on a guide surface of the crane, comprising a braking device for braking the trolley, and a triggering device for triggering the braking device.
- Cranes are generally used whenever loads have to be lifted and moved.
- a typical application is building construction.
- loads must be transported quickly and flexibly to the places where they are needed for use.
- heavy loads over several ten to a hundred meters are transported in height, for example, construction equipment or building materials such as sand or cement.
- tower cranes which comprise a substantially vertically extending tower and an attached, substantially horizontally extending boom.
- a guide surface on which the trolley is movable along the boom For this purpose, the trolley rollers and is moved by means of so-called trolley cables.
- the trolley cables are tightened with a drivable drum, one of which winds up while the other unwinds, if a corresponding force acts.
- a drivable drum on the load cables, to which the loads to be transported are attached can be rolled up and unrolled.
- the tilting moment acting on the crane must not be too great otherwise he can tilt or even tip over.
- the heavier the load the less far from the tower it may be moved by means of the trolley along the boom.
- the loads must not be moved too fast, otherwise they will oscillate too much and their kinetic energy becomes too large and thus difficult to control.
- a special danger when transporting is based on a breakage of the trolley rope.
- the arms are, as indicated above, arranged substantially horizontally, but never exactly horizontal. If the trolley rope breaks, the trolley can move uncontrollably along the boom. If heavy loads are attached to the trolley, a slight deviation from the horizontal is sufficient to accelerate the trolley. In this case, the case may occur that the trolley moves in the direction of the tower, where depending on the design of the crane operator. If the trolley moves uncontrollably towards the tower, it or the load hanging on it can injure the crane driver on the one hand and, on the other hand, drive the load into the tower, which can cause serious damage to the load and the tower and injuries to the crane driver.
- the even more critical case may occur that the trolley moves in the direction of the free, the tower facing away from the end of the boom. With increasing distance of the load from the tower, the tilting moment acting on the crane increases, so that the boom inclines more and more out of the horizontal, whereby the downhill force acting on the trolley becomes larger and the trolley is accelerated more and more. The trolley moves faster and faster to the free end of the boom and the crane threatens to tip over. Such situations pose serious risks to the persons in the vicinity of the crane.
- a disadvantage of such security systems is that the lever abruptly abuts against a carrier and thus the trolley is braked abruptly. Firstly, in such situations, the bending moment acting on the lever exceeds the permissible bending moment many times, so that there is a great danger that the lever will be torn and damaged out of its anchorage, thus rendering the safety system ineffective. On the other hand, the abrupt deceleration of the trolley causes the loads hanging on it to swing heavily, again posing a threat to the stability of the crane and the people around the crane.
- the object of the invention is therefore to develop the safety system of the type mentioned so that it causes a safe deceleration of the trolley in the event of breakage of the trolley without the adverse effects described above occur. Furthermore, the security system should be easy to assemble and robust and reliable.
- the object is achieved in that the trolley is braked by means of a frictional connection between the brake device and the guide surface. With the traction is achieved on the one hand, that the trolley is not abruptly, but gently braked, as is the case with known solutions. As a result, the oscillations are reduced, which are induced in the deceleration of the hanging on the trolley loads, whereby the reliability of the crane is increased. Furthermore, the risk of failure of the brake device compared to known solutions is significantly lower: Compared to the The lever described above, which is used in the prior art for braking the trolley in the event of breakage of the trolley rope and the trolley brakes by means of positive engagement occur in the brake device according to the invention no loads that could lead to the destruction of the brake device. The reliability of the crane will be further increased. No components are damaged, so that, except for the broken cat rope, no further components need to be replaced or repaired.
- the brake device comprises a brake wedge and one or more counter wedges.
- the design of the brake device as a wedge brake has the advantage that with simple and robust means very high forces between the brake device and the guide surface can be transmitted. Furthermore occurs in wedge brakes on a self-locking. The heavier the loads and the greater the kinetic energy of the loads, the stronger the brake wedge and the counter wedge are pushed into each other and increases the force acting between the brake device and the guide surface force. An overload of the braking device according to the invention can therefore be largely excluded.
- the brake wedge and the counter wedge are arranged in a caliper, which is connected to the trolley.
- the braking device is combined into a compact unit that can be easily mounted on any existing trolley. Special conversion measures are not required, so that the existing trolleys can be retrofitted in a simple and cost-effective manner.
- the counter wedge is releasably attachable to the caliper. This is preferably achieved by screws. As a result, the mountability of the braking device is facilitated, furthermore, in the event that the braking device has been triggered and the brake wedge and the counter wedge are wedged into each other, they are easily separated from each other and the braking device to be used again.
- the braking device according to the invention thus increases the sustainability of the security system.
- the brake wedge is fixed by means of a fixing device detachably on the brake caliper, wherein the fixing device for releasing the fixation of the brake wedge by means of the triggering device can be activated.
- a fixing device detachably on the brake caliper
- the fixing device for releasing the fixation of the brake wedge by means of the triggering device can be activated.
- inclination and speed sensors can be used as the triggering device. If the boom of the crane tend to be over a permissible level, the mobility of the trolley can be prevented, even if the trolley rope is not broken. The same can be done when the trolley is moving at a speed higher than a maximum permissible value, even if the trolley rope is not broken. This case could occur when the gearbox breaks the drum with which the trolley rolls along the trolley Guide surface is moved on the boom.
- the triggering device may be remotely controllable, so that the crane operator can activate the braking device as soon as he recognizes a critical situation and he is of the opinion that other possibly existing
- any device can be used which fixes the brake wedge and cancels the fixation in dependence on a determinable event.
- the fixing device can act mechanically, for example in the form of a pawl, or electrically, for example by means of a magnet. A combination of both modes of action is also conceivable.
- the fixing device comprises a bolt which is movable relative to the brake wedge by means of the triggering device, so that the fixation of the brake wedge on the brake caliper can be released.
- the fixation of the brake wedge on the caliper by means of a bolt is structurally simple and has proven to be robust and reliable.
- the bolt is preferably made of a stainless steel.
- the leadership of the bolt is also made of a stainless material. Since cranes are used almost exclusively outdoors and are therefore exposed to the weather unprotected, this form of fixation is particularly advantageous.
- the brake wedge has a brake pad for increasing the friction between the brake wedge and the guide surface.
- the crane is exposed to the weather unprotected.
- the friction on the guide surface is reduced, such as by moisture or ice.
- the brake pad is provided, which has a corresponding surface finish.
- the brake pad is releasably connectable to the brake wedge.
- This design simplifies assembly. Furthermore, it is possible to use for the brake pad another material with the appropriate surface finish, without the entire brake wedge would have to be made of this material. If the brake device has been triggered several times, the brake pad can be quickly and easily replaced with a new brake pad to eliminate the wear caused by the braking operations of the brake pad. It can thus be provided the required friction without the entire brake wedge would have to be replaced.
- the tripping device can be activated with the first or second trolley rope.
- the braking device is activated, for example, when the first or second trolley rope breaks.
- the trolley rope with markings be detected, which are detected by a cooperating with a controller sensor, which can determine the speed with which the first or the second trolley rope moves. If the sensor detects a speed that is above the permissible maximum value, the braking device can be activated.
- the triggering device and the fixing device are connected by means of a cable, wherein the fixing device can be activated by pulling the cable.
- the fixing device can be activated by pulling the cable.
- the activation in the case of a particular event can be easily realized, for example by means of a motor that attracts the cable.
- This type of activation is inexpensive, robust and reliable and can be easily manufactured and assembled.
- the triggering device has a lever rotatable about a rotation axis, which holds by means of the first or second trolley rope, the triggering device in a starting position in which the fixing device is not activated, wherein the cable is attracted by means of the lever.
- the lever comes into contact with the first or second trolley rope, whereby it can only rotate within the deflections of the trolley cable induced by fluctuations in the tension of the trolley cable.
- these small rotations which can perform the lever, do not trigger the brake device.
- the fixing device and thus the braking device are only triggered when the first or the second trolley rope breaks.
- the lever can rotate freely and triggers the braking device.
- This embodiment is particularly simple in construction and thus robust and reliable.
- the brake device is triggered only in the case when the trolley rope actually breaks.
- the lever has a first portion and a second portion, wherein on the first portion of a mass piece is arranged and the trolley rope passes through the second portion and holds the triggering device in the starting position.
- the mass piece causes the lever with the second portion to contact the trolley rope. If the first or second trolley rope breaks, the mass will cause the lever to rotate immediately after the trolley rope breaks.
- the brake device is thus activated immediately after breakage of the trolley rope, so that the trolley is stopped quickly. Long acceleration times are therefore not possible, so that the loads can not be accelerated to dangerous speeds. The danger for the people in the vicinity of the crane is thus significantly reduced.
- the triggering device comprises a movable relative to a counter plate sliding plate which is biased by means of springs.
- the triggering device can be made compact, so that it can also be arranged in environments in which little space is available.
- the sliding plate is further movable by means of a guide piece relative to the counter plate, wherein the trolley rope can be connected to the guide piece and the counter plate can be prestressed by means of the trolley rope.
- the number of additional components can be kept low in this embodiment, which increases the mountability and the robustness of the triggering device.
- the object is achieved by means of a crane, in particular a tower crane, which comprises a safety system according to one of the previous embodiments.
- a crane in particular a tower crane, which comprises a safety system according to one of the previous embodiments.
- the benefits of the safety system apply equally to the crane, and in particular to the tower crane.
- FIG. 1 is a crane 10, here a tower crane 12, shown with a security system 13 according to the invention by means of a schematic diagram.
- the tower crane 12 includes a substantially vertically extending tower 14 to which a substantially horizontally extending boom 16 is attached.
- On the boom 16 extends a guide surface 18, which is usually located on a top or bottom flange of the boom 16.
- a trolley 20 is movable along the guide surface 18 and for this purpose has wheels 22 which are secured to a supporting structure 24 of the trolley 20.
- the supporting structure 24 also comprises the safety system 13 according to the invention.
- the trolley 20 is moved via a first trolley cable 26, which can be tightened by means of a drivable drum 28.
- the trolley cable 26 extends from the drum 28 to a guide roller 30 on the Tower 14 facing away from the end of the boom 16 and then to the trolley 20, wherein the first trolley rope 26 is deflected over further pulleys 32 so that it does not cross over the boom 16, the trolley 20.
- a second trolley cable 34 is further attached so that it winds up when the first trolley rope 26 is unwound and vice versa.
- the first trolley rope 26 and the second trolley rope 34 are connected to the supporting structure 24 of the trolley, the first trolley rope 24 being fastened to a first fastening section 27 and the second trolley cable 34 being fastened to the supporting structure 24 on a second fastening section 29. With this arrangement, the trolley 20 can be moved on the guide surface 18 between the tower 14 and the guide roller 30 along the boom 16.
- FIG. 2 the structure 24 of the trolley 20 is shown, wherein the wheels 22 of the trolley 20 are not shown.
- Many booms 16 have two sections which are telescopically insertable. Accordingly, the trolley 20 has two arranged in different planes wheelsets, each with four wheels 22, so that the trolley 20 from one section of the boom 16 without interruption can roll on the other. Accordingly, two brake calipers 38 are arranged on each of the two levels.
- a triggering device 40 is further arranged, which in FIG. 4 is shown in more detail.
- the braking device 36 is connected by means of a movement and power transmission device 41, in the illustrated example by means of a cable 42 with the triggering device 40, which passes through a first attachment point 44 and a second attachment point 46.
- the first attachment point 44 is located adjacent to the triggering device 40 and the second attachment point 46 adjacent to the braking device 36 and are each attached to the structure 24 of the trolley 20.
- the first trolley rope 26 at the first attachment portion 27 and the second trolley cable 34 are attached to the second attachment portion 29 on the structure 24.
- the second trolley cable 34 holds the tripping device 40 in an initial position in which the braking device is not activated. But it is also conceivable to arrange the triggering device 40 so that it is held by the first trolley rope 26 in the starting position.
- the braking device 36 is shown in more detail. It comprises the brake caliper 38, which is detachably connected in a manner not shown in detail to the supporting structure 24 of the trolley 20.
- a first counter-wedge 48 and a second counter-wedge 50 are secured by screws 51, but other forms of attachment are conceivable.
- the counter wedges 48, 50 have a recess 52 with inclined inner surfaces 57, wherein a brake wedge 53 can be introduced into the recess 52.
- the brake wedge 53 has a first slope 54 and a second slope 56, which correspond in their inclination of those of the inclined inner surfaces 57 of the counter wedges 48, 50 substantially.
- the brake wedge 53 is held by means of a fixing device 58 in the recess 52 of the counter wedges 48, 50, wherein the fixing device 58 is realized in the example shown as a bolt 60.
- the brake wedge 53 includes a brake pad 62 which is releasably secured to the brake wedge 53 by screws 64.
- the triggering device 40 1 illustrated by a schematic diagram.
- the triggering device 40 comprises a lever 66 1 , which is rotatable about a rotation axis 68.
- a mass piece 74 is arranged at a distance from the axis of rotation 68, furthermore, several of the cables 42 are also spaced from the axis of rotation 68 to the lever 66 1 , wherein the cable 42 is fixed at the attachment point 44 and passes through holes 84 with its movable part.
- the first or The second trolley rope 26, 34 extends below the lever 66 1 , when the triggering device 40 1 is aligned as shown with respect to the effective direction of the weight g.
- the trolley rope 26, 34 holds the triggering device 40 1 in a starting position in which the cable 42 is not tightened or only to a small extent, without the braking device is activated.
- FIG. 5 a second embodiment of the triggering device 40 2 is shown.
- the rotation axis 68 divides the lever 66 2 in a first portion 70 and a second portion 72.
- the first or the second trolley rope 26, 34 extends in the illustrated orientation of the trigger device 40 2 above the second portion 72 and holds the lever 66th in a starting position in which the cable 42 is not tightened or only to a small extent, without the braking device is activated.
- the lever 66 can rotate freely and is rotated by the mass piece 74 from its initial position to a position in which it pulls the cable 42 so far that it activates the fixing device 58.
- the lever 66 can rotate not only when the first or second trolley cable 26, 34 in contact with it breaks, but also when its tension decreases sharply. This case occurs when the respective other trolley rope 26, 34 breaks, which is not in contact with the lever 66.
- the braking device 36 is also triggered when the first trolley rope 26 breaks and as a result, the tension of the second trolley rope 34 decreases.
- the bolt 60 By means of the cable 42, the bolt 60 as far removed from the brake wedge 53 (see. FIG. 3 ), so that it falls out of the recess 52 of the counter wedges 48, 50 and falls on the guide surface 18 of the boom 16. Due to the friction between the guide surface 18 and the brake pad 62 remains the Brake wedge 53 are on the guide surface 18, so that when moving trolley 20 depending on the direction of movement of the trolley 20 one of the two counter wedge 48, 50 runs onto the brake wedge 53. The counter wedges 48, 50 are pushed further and further onto the brake wedge 53, the farther the trolley 20 moves in its direction of movement.
- the action of the brake device 36 is independent of which direction the trolley 20 is traveling along the Jib 16 moves.
- the triggering device 40 3 comprises a sliding plate 76, which is movable by means of a guide piece 78 against a counter-plate 80 along the direction indicated by the arrow P directions.
- the sliding plate 76 can be prestressed by means of springs 82 with respect to the counterplate 80.
- the guide piece 78 comprises the first or second attachment portion 27, 29, with which the first or second trolley cable 26, 34 can be connected to the triggering device 40 3 .
- the counter-plate 80 also serves as the first attachment point 44 for the cable 42, which via holes 84 with its movable part analogous to the FIGS. 4 and 5 can be connected to the sliding plate 76.
- the guide piece 78 is tightened by means of the first or second trolley cable 26, 34 and the sliding plate 76 relative to the Counter-plate 80 biased so that the triggering device 40 3 is in the starting position in which the braking device is not triggered. If the trolley cable 26, 34 fastened to the guide piece 78 breaks or releases its tension as a result of breakage of the other trolley cable 26, 34, the springs 82 move the sliding plate 76 away from the counterplate 80. The cable 42 is thereby pulled and the brake device 36 is pulled triggered.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherheitssystem für eine Laufkatze eines Kranes, wobei die Laufkatze auf einer Führungsfläche des Kranes bewegbar angeordnet ist, umfassend eine Bremsvorrichtung zum Abbremsen der Laufkatze, und eine Auslösevorrichtung zum Auslösen der Bremsvorrichtung.The present invention relates to a security system for a trolley of a crane, wherein the trolley is movably mounted on a guide surface of the crane, comprising a braking device for braking the trolley, and a triggering device for triggering the braking device.
Krane werden allgemein immer dann eingesetzt, wenn Lasten gehoben und bewegt werden müssen. Ein typisches Einsatzgebiet ist die Gebäudeerrichtung. Hierbei müssen Lasten schnell und flexibel an die Orte transportiert werden, wo sie zum Gebrauch benötigt werden. Insbesondere bei der Errichtung von Hochhäusern werden mit Kranen schwere Lasten über mehrere zehn- bis hundert Meter in die Höhe transportiert, beispielsweise Baumaschinen oder Baumaterial wie Sand oder Zement.Cranes are generally used whenever loads have to be lifted and moved. A typical application is building construction. Here, loads must be transported quickly and flexibly to the places where they are needed for use. In particular, in the construction of high-rise buildings with cranes heavy loads over several ten to a hundred meters are transported in height, for example, construction equipment or building materials such as sand or cement.
Damit die Lasten in die Höhe transportiert werden können, werden häufig sogenannte Turmkräne eingesetzt, die einen im Wesentlichen vertikal verlaufenden Turm und einen daran befestigten, im Wesentlichen horizontal verlaufenden Ausleger umfassen. Üblicherweise befindet sich auf diesem Ausleger eine Führungsfläche, auf der die Laufkatze entlang des Auslegers bewegbar ist. Hierzu weist die Laufkatze Rollen auf und wird mittels sogenannter Laufkatzseile bewegt. Die Laufkatzseile werden mit einer antreibbaren Trommel angezogen, von denen sich das eine aufwickelt während sich das andere abwickelt, sofern eine entsprechende Kraft wirkt. In der Laufkatze selbst kann ebenfalls eine antreibbare Trommel angeordnet sein, auf die Lastseile, an welche die zu transportierenden Lasten befestigt werden, auf- und abgerollt werden können.So that the loads can be transported in the height, so-called tower cranes are frequently used, which comprise a substantially vertically extending tower and an attached, substantially horizontally extending boom. Usually located on this boom a guide surface on which the trolley is movable along the boom. For this purpose, the trolley rollers and is moved by means of so-called trolley cables. The trolley cables are tightened with a drivable drum, one of which winds up while the other unwinds, if a corresponding force acts. In the trolley itself can also be arranged a drivable drum on the load cables, to which the loads to be transported are attached, can be rolled up and unrolled.
Um einen sicheren Transport der üblicherweise schweren Lasten gewährleisten zu können, darf einerseits das auf den Kran wirkende Kippmoment nicht zu groß werden, da er sich sonst neigen oder gar umkippen kann. Je schwerer die Last, desto weniger weit weg vom Turm darf sie mittels der Laufkatze entlang des Auslegers bewegt werden. Andererseits dürfen die Lasten nicht zu schnell bewegt werden, da sie sonst zu stark pendeln und ihre kinetische Energie zu groß und sie damit schwer beherrschbar werden.In order to ensure a safe transport of the usually heavy loads, on the one hand, the tilting moment acting on the crane must not be too great otherwise he can tilt or even tip over. The heavier the load, the less far from the tower it may be moved by means of the trolley along the boom. On the other hand, the loads must not be moved too fast, otherwise they will oscillate too much and their kinetic energy becomes too large and thus difficult to control.
Eine besondere Gefahr beim Transportieren geht von einem Bruch des Laufkatzseils aus. Die Ausleger sind, wie oben angedeutet, im Wesentlichen horizontal angeordnet, jedoch nie exakt horizontal. Bricht das Laufkatzseil, so kann sich die Laufkatze unkontrolliert entlang des Auslegers bewegen. Sind schwere Lasten an der Laufkatze befestigt, genügt schon eine geringe Abweichung aus der Horizontalen, um die Laufkatze zu beschleunigen. Dabei kann der Fall auftreten, dass sich die Laufkatze in Richtung des Turms bewegt, wo sich je nach Ausführung der Kranführer befindet. Bewegt sich die Laufkatze unkontrolliert auf den Turm zu, kann sie oder die an ihr hängende Last einerseits den Kranführer verletzen und andererseits die Last in den Turm einschlagen, was schwere Beschädigungen der Last und des Turmes und Verletzungen des Kranführers hervorrufen kann.A special danger when transporting is based on a breakage of the trolley rope. The arms are, as indicated above, arranged substantially horizontally, but never exactly horizontal. If the trolley rope breaks, the trolley can move uncontrollably along the boom. If heavy loads are attached to the trolley, a slight deviation from the horizontal is sufficient to accelerate the trolley. In this case, the case may occur that the trolley moves in the direction of the tower, where depending on the design of the crane operator. If the trolley moves uncontrollably towards the tower, it or the load hanging on it can injure the crane driver on the one hand and, on the other hand, drive the load into the tower, which can cause serious damage to the load and the tower and injuries to the crane driver.
Weiterhin kann der noch kritischere Fall auftreten, dass sich die Laufkatze in Richtung des freien, dem Turm abgewandten Endes des Auslegers bewegt. Mit zunehmendem Abstand der Last vom Turm erhöht sich das auf den Kran wirkende Kippmoment, so dass sich der Ausleger immer weiter aus der Horizontalen neigt, wodurch die auf die Laufkatze wirkende Hangabtriebskraft immer größer und die Laufkatze immer stärker beschleunigt wird. Die Laufkatze bewegt sich immer schneller zum freien Ende des Auslegers und der Kran droht umzukippen. Von derartigen Situationen gehen ernste Gefahren für die sich im Umfeld des Krans befindenden Personen aus.Furthermore, the even more critical case may occur that the trolley moves in the direction of the free, the tower facing away from the end of the boom. With increasing distance of the load from the tower, the tilting moment acting on the crane increases, so that the boom inclines more and more out of the horizontal, whereby the downhill force acting on the trolley becomes larger and the trolley is accelerated more and more. The trolley moves faster and faster to the free end of the boom and the crane threatens to tip over. Such situations pose serious risks to the persons in the vicinity of the crane.
Um das unkontrollierte Bewegen der Laufkatze im Falle eines Bruchs des Laufkatzseils zu verhindern, sind an der Laufkatze angeordnete Sicherheitssysteme entwickelt worden, die beispielsweise darauf beruhen, dass ein Hebel vom Laufkatzseil in einer Ausgangsstellung gehalten wird, in der die Beweglichkeit der Laufkatze nicht einschränkt wird. Bei einem Bruch des Laufkatzseils stellt sich der Hebel in eine Endstellung, in der er formschlüssig beispielsweise in einen Träger des Auslegers eingreift und somit die Laufkatze zum Stehen bringtIn order to prevent the uncontrolled movement of the trolley in the event of breakage of the trolley rope safety systems are arranged on the trolley have been developed, for example, based on that a lever is held by the trolley rope in a starting position in which the mobility of the trolley is not restricted. At a fraction of the trolley rope, the lever is in an end position in which it positively engages, for example, in a carrier of the boom and thus brings the trolley to a halt
Nachteilig an derartigen Sicherheitssystemen ist, dass der Hebel schlagartig an einen Träger anschlägt und somit die Laufkatze abrupt abgebremst wird. Zum einen übersteigt in solchen Situationen das auf den Hebel wirkende Biegemoment das zulässige Biegemoment um ein Vielfaches, so dass die Gefahr groß ist, dass der Hebel aus seiner Verankerung gerissen und beschädigt wird und somit das Sicherheitssystem unwirksam wird. Zum anderen bewirkt die abrupte Abbremsung der Laufkatze, dass die an ihr hängenden Lasten stark zu pendeln beginnen, was wiederum eine Gefahr für die Stabilität des Krans und die sich im Umfeld des Krans befindenden Personen darstellt.A disadvantage of such security systems is that the lever abruptly abuts against a carrier and thus the trolley is braked abruptly. Firstly, in such situations, the bending moment acting on the lever exceeds the permissible bending moment many times, so that there is a great danger that the lever will be torn and damaged out of its anchorage, thus rendering the safety system ineffective. On the other hand, the abrupt deceleration of the trolley causes the loads hanging on it to swing heavily, again posing a threat to the stability of the crane and the people around the crane.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, das Sicherheitssystem der eingangs genannten Art so weiterzuentwickeln, dass sie eine sichere Abbremsung der Laufkatze im Falle eines Bruchs des Laufkatzseils bewirkt, ohne dass die oben beschriebenen nachteiligen Wirkungen auftreten. Weiterhin soll das Sicherheitssystem einfach montierbar und robust und zuverlässig sein.The object of the invention is therefore to develop the safety system of the type mentioned so that it causes a safe deceleration of the trolley in the event of breakage of the trolley without the adverse effects described above occur. Furthermore, the security system should be easy to assemble and robust and reliable.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe dadurch, dass die Laufkatze mittels eines Kraftschlusses zwischen der Bremsvorrichtung und der Führungsfläche abbremsbar ist. Mit dem Kraftschluss wird einerseits erreicht, dass die Laufkatze nicht abrupt, sondern sanfter abgebremst wird, als es bei bekannten Lösungen der Fall ist. Dadurch werden die Pendelbewegungen reduziert, die beim Abbremsvorgang auf die an der Laufkatze hängenden Lasten induziert werden, wodurch die Betriebssicherheit des Krans erhöht wird. Weiterhin ist die Gefahr des Versagens der Bremsvorrichtung im Vergleich zu bekannten Lösungen deutlich geringer: Im Vergleich zu dem oben beschriebenen Hebel, der im Stand der Technik zum Abbremsen der Laufkatze im Falle eines Bruchs des Laufkatzseils eingesetzt wird und die Laufkatze mittels eines Formschlusses abbremst, treten bei der erfindungsgemäßen Bremsvorrichtung keine Belastungen auf, die zur Zerstörung der Bremsvorrichtung führen könnten. Die Betriebssicherheit des Krans wird damit weiter erhöht. Es werden keine Bauteile beschädigt, so dass, bis auf das gebrochene Katzseil keine weiteren Bauteile ersetzt oder instand gesetzt werden müssen.The object is achieved in that the trolley is braked by means of a frictional connection between the brake device and the guide surface. With the traction is achieved on the one hand, that the trolley is not abruptly, but gently braked, as is the case with known solutions. As a result, the oscillations are reduced, which are induced in the deceleration of the hanging on the trolley loads, whereby the reliability of the crane is increased. Furthermore, the risk of failure of the brake device compared to known solutions is significantly lower: Compared to the The lever described above, which is used in the prior art for braking the trolley in the event of breakage of the trolley rope and the trolley brakes by means of positive engagement occur in the brake device according to the invention no loads that could lead to the destruction of the brake device. The reliability of the crane will be further increased. No components are damaged, so that, except for the broken cat rope, no further components need to be replaced or repaired.
Vorzugsweise umfasst die Bremsvorrichtung einen Bremskeil und einen oder mehrere Gegenkeile. Die Ausführung der Bremsvorrichtung als Keilbremse hat den Vorteil, dass mit einfachen und robusten Mitteln sehr hohe Kräfte zwischen der Bremsvorrichtung und der Führungsfläche übertragen werden können. Ferner tritt bei Keilbremsen eine Selbsthemmung auf. Je schwerer die Lasten und je größer die kinetische Energie der Lasten sind, desto stärker werden der Bremskeil und der Gegenkeil ineinander geschoben und die zwischen der Bremsvorrichtung und der Führungsfläche wirkende Kraft erhöht. Eine Überlastung der erfindungsgemäßen Bremsvorrichtung kann daher weitgehend ausgeschlossen werden.Preferably, the brake device comprises a brake wedge and one or more counter wedges. The design of the brake device as a wedge brake has the advantage that with simple and robust means very high forces between the brake device and the guide surface can be transmitted. Furthermore occurs in wedge brakes on a self-locking. The heavier the loads and the greater the kinetic energy of the loads, the stronger the brake wedge and the counter wedge are pushed into each other and increases the force acting between the brake device and the guide surface force. An overload of the braking device according to the invention can therefore be largely excluded.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung sind der Bremskeil und der Gegenkeil in einem Bremssattel angeordnet, der mit der Laufkatze verbunden ist. In dieser Ausgestaltung ist die Bremsvorrichtung zu einer kompakten Einheit zusammengefasst, die einfach an jede vorhandene Laufkatze montiert werden kann. Besondere Umrüstmaßnahmen sind nicht erforderlich, so dass die vorhandenen Laufkatzen auf einfache und kostengünstige Weise nachgerüstet werden können.In an advantageous embodiment of the brake wedge and the counter wedge are arranged in a caliper, which is connected to the trolley. In this embodiment, the braking device is combined into a compact unit that can be easily mounted on any existing trolley. Special conversion measures are not required, so that the existing trolleys can be retrofitted in a simple and cost-effective manner.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist der Gegenkeil lösbar am Bremssattel befestigbar. Dies wird vorzugsweise durch Schrauben erreicht. Dadurch wird die Montierbarkeit der Bremsvorrichtung erleichtert, weiterhin können für den Fall, dass die Bremsvorrichtung ausgelöst wurde und der Bremskeil und der Gegenkeil ineinander verkeilt sind, diese leichter voneinander getrennt und die Bremsvorrichtung erneut verwendet werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Bremsvorrichtung erhöht damit die Nachhaltigkeit des Sicherheitssystems.In a preferred embodiment, the counter wedge is releasably attachable to the caliper. This is preferably achieved by screws. As a result, the mountability of the braking device is facilitated, furthermore, in the event that the braking device has been triggered and the brake wedge and the counter wedge are wedged into each other, they are easily separated from each other and the braking device to be used again. The braking device according to the invention thus increases the sustainability of the security system.
Bevorzugt ist der Bremskeil mittels einer Fixiervorrichtung lösbar am Bremssattel fixiert, wobei die Fixiervorrichtung zum Lösen der Fixierung des Bremskeils mittels der Auslösevorrichtung aktivierbar ist. Als Auslösevorrichtung können beispielsweise Neigungs- und Geschwindigkeitssensoren eingesetzt werden. Sollte sich der Ausleger des Krans über ein zulässiges Maß neigen, kann die Bewegbarkeit der Laufkatze unterbunden werden, auch wenn das Laufkatzseil nicht gebrochen ist. Selbiges kann ausgeführt werden, wenn sich die Laufkatze mit einer Geschwindigkeit bewegt, die höher als ein maximal zulässiger Wert ist, auch wenn das Laufkatzseil nicht gebrochen ist- Dieser Fall könnte dann eintreten, wenn das Getriebe der Trommel bricht, mit der die Laufkatze entlang der Führungsfläche auf dem Ausleger bewegt wird. Weiterhin kann die Auslösevorrichtung fernsteuerbar sein, so dass der Kranführer die Bremsvorrichtung aktiveren kann, sobald er eine kritische Situation erkennt und er der Ansicht ist, dass andere eventuell vorhandene Bremseinrichtungen keine ausreichende Wirkung mehr auf die Laufkatze entfalten können.Preferably, the brake wedge is fixed by means of a fixing device detachably on the brake caliper, wherein the fixing device for releasing the fixation of the brake wedge by means of the triggering device can be activated. For example, inclination and speed sensors can be used as the triggering device. If the boom of the crane tend to be over a permissible level, the mobility of the trolley can be prevented, even if the trolley rope is not broken. The same can be done when the trolley is moving at a speed higher than a maximum permissible value, even if the trolley rope is not broken. This case could occur when the gearbox breaks the drum with which the trolley rolls along the trolley Guide surface is moved on the boom. Furthermore, the triggering device may be remotely controllable, so that the crane operator can activate the braking device as soon as he recognizes a critical situation and he is of the opinion that other possibly existing braking devices can no longer have a sufficient effect on the trolley.
Als Fixiervorrichtung kann jede Vorrichtung eingesetzt werden, welche den Bremskeil fixiert und die Fixierung in Abhängigkeit eines bestimmbaren Ereignisses aufhebt. Die Fixiervorrichtung kann mechanisch, beispielsweise in Form einer Klinke, oder elektrisch wirken, beispielsweise mittels eines Magneten. Eine Kombination aus beiden Wirkweisen ist ebenfalls denkbar.As a fixing device, any device can be used which fixes the brake wedge and cancels the fixation in dependence on a determinable event. The fixing device can act mechanically, for example in the form of a pawl, or electrically, for example by means of a magnet. A combination of both modes of action is also conceivable.
In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitssystems umfasst die Fixiervorrichtung einen Bolzen, der mittels der Auslösevorrichtung relativ zum Bremskeil bewegbar ist, so dass die Fixierung des Bremskeils am Bremssattel lösbar ist. Die Fixierung des Bremskeils am Bremssattel mittels eines Bolzens ist konstruktiv einfach und hat sich als robust und zuverlässig bewährt.In a preferred embodiment of the safety system according to the invention, the fixing device comprises a bolt which is movable relative to the brake wedge by means of the triggering device, so that the fixation of the brake wedge on the brake caliper can be released. The fixation of the brake wedge on the caliper by means of a bolt is structurally simple and has proven to be robust and reliable.
Der Bolzen besteht vorzugsweise aus einem nicht rostenden Stahl. Die Führung des Bolzens besteht ebenfalls aus einem nicht rostenden Material. Da Kräne nahezu ausschließlich im Freien verwendet werden und damit den Witterungseinflüssen ungeschützt ausgesetzt sind, ist diese Form der Fixierung besonders vorteilhaft.The bolt is preferably made of a stainless steel. The leadership of the bolt is also made of a stainless material. Since cranes are used almost exclusively outdoors and are therefore exposed to the weather unprotected, this form of fixation is particularly advantageous.
Weiterhin bevorzugt ist es, wenn der Bremskeil einen Bremsbelag zum Erhöhen der Reibung zwischen dem Bremskeil und der Führungsfläche aufweist. Wie bereits ausgeführt, ist der Kran den Witterungseinflüssen ungeschützt ausgesetzt. Somit kann auch der Fall auftreten, dass die Reibung auf der Führungsfläche verringert wird, etwa durch Nässe oder Eisbildung. Um dennoch zu gewährleisten, dass eine für die Bremswirkung ausreichende Reibung zwischen dem Bremskeil und der Führungsfläche zur Verfügung steht, ist der Bremsbelag vorgesehen, der eine entsprechende Oberflächenbeschaffenheit aufweist.It is further preferred if the brake wedge has a brake pad for increasing the friction between the brake wedge and the guide surface. As already stated, the crane is exposed to the weather unprotected. Thus, it may also be the case that the friction on the guide surface is reduced, such as by moisture or ice. In order nevertheless to ensure that sufficient for the braking effect friction between the brake wedge and the guide surface is available, the brake pad is provided, which has a corresponding surface finish.
Vorzugsweise ist der Bremsbelag lösbar mit dem Bremskeil verbindbar. Diese Ausführung vereinfacht die Montage. Weiterhin ist es möglich, für den Bremsbelag ein anderes Material mit der geeigneten Oberflächenbeschaffenheit zu verwenden, ohne dass der gesamte Bremskeil aus diesem Material gefertigt werden müsste. Sollte die Bremsvorrichtung mehrmals ausgelöst worden sein, kann der Bremsbelag schnell und einfach gegen einen neuen Bremsbelag ausgetauscht werden, um die durch die Bremsvorgänge verursachten Abnutzungen des Bremsbelags zu beseitigen. Es kann somit die erforderliche Reibung bereitgestellt werden, ohne dass der gesamte Bremskeil ausgetauscht werden müsste.Preferably, the brake pad is releasably connectable to the brake wedge. This design simplifies assembly. Furthermore, it is possible to use for the brake pad another material with the appropriate surface finish, without the entire brake wedge would have to be made of this material. If the brake device has been triggered several times, the brake pad can be quickly and easily replaced with a new brake pad to eliminate the wear caused by the braking operations of the brake pad. It can thus be provided the required friction without the entire brake wedge would have to be replaced.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Bremsvorrichtung, bei dem die Laufkatze mittels eines ersten und zweiten Laufkatzseils bewegbar ist, ist die Auslösevorrichtung mit dem ersten oder zweiten Laufkatzseil aktivierbar. In dieser Ausgestaltung wird die Bremsvorrichtung beispielsweise dann aktiviert, wenn das erste oder zweite Laufkatzseil bricht. Alternativ kann aber das Laufkatzseil mit Markierungen versehen sein, die von einem mit einer Steuereinrichtung zusammenwirkender Sensor erfasst werden, der die Geschwindigkeit ermitteln kann, mit der sich das erste oder das zweite Laufkatzseil bewegt. Sollte der Sensor eine Geschwindigkeit ermitteln, die über dem zulässigen Maximalwert liegt, kann die Bremsvorrichtung aktiviert werden.In a preferred embodiment of the braking device, in which the trolley is movable by means of a first and second trolley rope, the tripping device can be activated with the first or second trolley rope. In this embodiment, the braking device is activated, for example, when the first or second trolley rope breaks. Alternatively, however, the trolley rope with markings be detected, which are detected by a cooperating with a controller sensor, which can determine the speed with which the first or the second trolley rope moves. If the sensor detects a speed that is above the permissible maximum value, the braking device can be activated.
Vorzugsweise sind die Auslösevorrichtung und die Fixiervorrichtung mittels eines Seilzuges verbunden, wobei die Fixiervorrichtung durch Ziehen des Seilzuges aktivierbar ist. Auf diese Weise kann die Aktivierung im Falle eines bestimmten Ereignisses einfach realisiert werden, beispielsweise mittels eines Motors, der den Seilzug anzieht. Diese Art der Aktivierung ist kostengünstig, robust und zuverlässig und kann einfach hergestellt und montiert werden.Preferably, the triggering device and the fixing device are connected by means of a cable, wherein the fixing device can be activated by pulling the cable. In this way, the activation in the case of a particular event can be easily realized, for example by means of a motor that attracts the cable. This type of activation is inexpensive, robust and reliable and can be easily manufactured and assembled.
ln einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist die Auslösevorrichtung einen um eine Drehachse drehbaren Hebel auf, der mittels des ersten oder zweiten Laufkatzseils die Auslösevorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung hält, in welcher die Fixiervorrichtung nicht aktiviert ist, wobei der Seilzug mittels des Hebels anziehbar ist. Der Hebel tritt mit dem ersten oder zweiten Laufkatzseil in Kontakt, wodurch er sich nur innerhalb der durch Spannungsschwankungen des Laufkatzseils induzierten Auslenkungen des betreffenden Laufkatzseils drehen kann. Diese geringen Drehungen, welche der Hebel ausführen kann, lösen die Bremsvorrichtung jedoch nicht aus. In dieser Ausführungsform werden die Fixiervorrichtung und damit die Bremsvorrichtung nur dann ausgelöst, wenn das erste oder das zweite Laufkatzseil bricht. Beim Bruch des ersten oder des zweiten Laufkatzseils kann sich der Hebel frei drehen und löst die Bremsvorrichtung aus. Diese Ausführungsform ist besonders einfach im Aufbau und damit robust und zuverlässig. Weiterhin wird die Bremsvorrichtung nur in dem Fall ausgelöst, wenn das Laufkatzseil tatsächlich bricht.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the triggering device has a lever rotatable about a rotation axis, which holds by means of the first or second trolley rope, the triggering device in a starting position in which the fixing device is not activated, wherein the cable is attracted by means of the lever. The lever comes into contact with the first or second trolley rope, whereby it can only rotate within the deflections of the trolley cable induced by fluctuations in the tension of the trolley cable. However, these small rotations, which can perform the lever, do not trigger the brake device. In this embodiment, the fixing device and thus the braking device are only triggered when the first or the second trolley rope breaks. When breaking the first or the second trolley rope, the lever can rotate freely and triggers the braking device. This embodiment is particularly simple in construction and thus robust and reliable. Furthermore, the brake device is triggered only in the case when the trolley rope actually breaks.
Vorzugsweise weist der Hebel einen ersten Abschnitt und einen zweiten Abschnitt auf, wobei am ersten Abschnitt ein Massestück angeordnet ist und das Laufkatzseil den zweiten Abschnitt durchläuft und die Auslösevorrichtung in der Ausgangsstellung hält. Das Massestück bewirkt, dass der Hebel mit dem zweiten Abschnitt mit dem Laufkatzseil in Kontakt steht. Bricht das erste oder zweite Laufkatzseil, bewirkt das Massestück eine Drehung des Hebels unmittelbar nach Bruch des Laufkatzseils. Die Bremsvorrichtung wird somit unmittelbar nach Bruch des Laufkatzseils aktiviert, so dass die Laufkatze schnell gestoppt wird. Lange Beschleunigungszeiten sind somit nicht möglich, so dass die Lasten nicht auf gefährliche Geschwindigkeiten beschleunigt werden können. Die Gefahr für die sich im Umfeld des Krans befindenden Personen wird somit deutlich reduziert.Preferably, the lever has a first portion and a second portion, wherein on the first portion of a mass piece is arranged and the trolley rope passes through the second portion and holds the triggering device in the starting position. The mass piece causes the lever with the second portion to contact the trolley rope. If the first or second trolley rope breaks, the mass will cause the lever to rotate immediately after the trolley rope breaks. The brake device is thus activated immediately after breakage of the trolley rope, so that the trolley is stopped quickly. Long acceleration times are therefore not possible, so that the loads can not be accelerated to dangerous speeds. The danger for the people in the vicinity of the crane is thus significantly reduced.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst die Auslösevorrichtung eine gegenüber einer Gegenplatte bewegbare Schiebeplatte, die mittels Federn vorspannbar ist. In dieser Ausführungsform kann die Auslösevorrichtung kompakt gebaut werden, so dass sie auch in Umgebungen angeordnet werden kann, in welchen wenig Bauraum zur Verfügung steht.In an advantageous embodiment, the triggering device comprises a movable relative to a counter plate sliding plate which is biased by means of springs. In this embodiment, the triggering device can be made compact, so that it can also be arranged in environments in which little space is available.
Weiterhin ist vorzugsweise weiterhin die Schiebeplatte mittels eines Führungsstücks gegenüber der Gegenplatte bewegbar, wobei das Laufkatzseil am Führungsstück anschließbar und die Gegenplatte mittels des Laufkatzseils vorspannbar ist. Die Anzahl an zusätzlichen Komponenten kann in dieser Ausführungsform gering gehalten werden, was die Montierbarkeit und die Robustheit der Auslösevorrichtung erhöht.Furthermore, preferably, the sliding plate is further movable by means of a guide piece relative to the counter plate, wherein the trolley rope can be connected to the guide piece and the counter plate can be prestressed by means of the trolley rope. The number of additional components can be kept low in this embodiment, which increases the mountability and the robustness of the triggering device.
Weiterhin wird die Aufgabe mittels eines Krans, insbesondere Turmkrans gelöst, der ein Sicherheitssystem nach einem der vorherigen Ausführungsformen umfasst. Die zum Sicherheitssystem ausgeführten Vorteile gelten gleichermaßen für den Kran, insbesondere für den Turmkran.Furthermore, the object is achieved by means of a crane, in particular a tower crane, which comprises a safety system according to one of the previous embodiments. The benefits of the safety system apply equally to the crane, and in particular to the tower crane.
Die Erfindung wird unter Bezugnahme auf die anhängenden Zeichnungen anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen im Detail erklärt. Es zeigen
- Figur 1
- eine Prinzipskizze eines Turmkrans mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitssystem,
- Figur 2
- eine perspektivische Darstellung des Tragwerks einer erfindungsgemäßen Laufkatze,
- Figur 3
- eine perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Bremsvorrichtung,
- Figur 4
- eine Prinzipskizze eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Auslösevorrichtung,
- Figur 5
- eine Prinzipskizze eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Auslösevorrichtung, und
- Figur 6
- ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Auslösevorrichtung.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic diagram of a tower crane with a security system according to the invention,
- FIG. 2
- a perspective view of the structure of a trolley according to the invention,
- FIG. 3
- a perspective view of a braking device according to the invention,
- FIG. 4
- a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a tripping device according to the invention,
- FIG. 5
- a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the tripping device according to the invention, and
- FIG. 6
- A third embodiment of the tripping device according to the invention.
In
In
Im Tragwerk 24 ist ferner eine Auslösevorrichtung 40 angeordnet, die in
Wie bereits zu
In
In
In
Bricht nun das erste oder zweite Laufkatzseil 26, 34, so kann sich der Hebel 66 frei drehen und wird mittels des Massestücks 74 von seiner Ausgangsstellung in eine Stellung gedreht, in welcher er den Seilzug 42 soweit anzieht, dass er die Fixiervorrichtung 58 aktiviert. Der Hebel 66 kann sich nicht nur dann drehen, wenn das mit ihm in Kontakt stehende erste oder zweite Laufkatzseil 26, 34 bricht, sondern auch dann, wenn deren Spannung stark nachlässt. Dieser Fall tritt dann ein, wenn das jeweils andere Laufkatzseil 26, 34 bricht, welches nicht mit dem Hebel 66 in Kontakt steht. Bezogen auf das in
Mittels des Seilzuges 42 wird der Bolzen 60 soweit aus dem Bremskeil 53 entfernt (vgl.
Da der Bremskeil 53 die erste Schräge 54 und die zweite Schräge 56 aufweist, die jeweils mit den Innenflächen 57 des ersten und des zweiten Gegenkeils 48, 50 zusammenwirken, ist die Wirkung der Bremsvorrichtung 36 unabhängig davon, in welche Richtung sich die Laufkatze 20 entlang des Auslegers 16 bewegt.Since the
In
Im Betrieb der Laufkatze 20 wird das Führungsstück 78 mittels des ersten oder zweiten Laufkatzseils 26. 34 angezogen und die Schiebeplatte 76 gegenüber der Gegenplatte 80 vorgespannt, so dass sich die Auslösevorrichtung 403 in der Ausgangsstellung befindet, in welcher die Bremsvorrichtung nicht ausgelöst wird. Bricht nun das am Führungsstück 78 befestigte Laufkatzseil 26, 34 oder lässt seine Spannung infolge eines Bruchs des anderen Laufkatzseil 26, 34 nach, so schieben die Federn 82 die Schiebeplatte 76 weg von der Gegenplatte 80. Dadurch wird der Seilzug 42 angezogen und die Bremsvorrichtung 36 ausgelöst.During operation of the
- 1010
- Krancrane
- 1212
- Turmkrantower crane
- 1313
- Sicherheitssystemsecurity system
- 1414
- Turmtower
- 1616
- Auslegerboom
- 1818
- Führungsflächeguide surface
- 2020
- Laufkatzetrolley
- 2222
- Räderbikes
- 2424
- TragwerkStructure
- 2626
- erstes Laufkatzseilfirst trolley rope
- 2727
- erster Befestigungsabschnittfirst attachment section
- 2828
- Trommeldrum
- 2929
- zweiter Befestigungspunktsecond attachment point
- 3030
- Umlenkrolleidler pulley
- 3232
- weitere Umlenkrollenfurther pulleys
- 3434
- zweites Laufkatzseilsecond trolley rope
- 3636
- Bremsvorrichtungbraking device
- 3838
- Bremssattelcaliper
- 4040
- Auslösevorrichtungtriggering device
- 4141
- Bewegungs- und KraftübertragungsvorrichtungMotion and power transmission device
- 4242
- Seilzugcable
- 4444
- erster Befestigungspunktfirst attachment point
- 4646
- zweiter Befestigungspunktsecond attachment point
- 4848
- erster Gegenkeilfirst counterwedge
- 5050
- zweiter Gegenkeilsecond counterwedge
- 5151
- Schraubenscrew
- 5252
- Ausnehmungenrecesses
- 5353
- Bremskeilchock
- 5454
- erste Schrägefirst slope
- 5656
- zweite Schrägesecond slope
- 5757
- Innenflächepalm
- 5858
- Fixiervorrichtungfixing
- 6060
- Bolzenbolt
- 6262
- Bremsbelagbrake lining
- 6464
- Schraubenscrew
- 6666
- Hebellever
- 6868
- Drehachseaxis of rotation
- 7070
- erster Abschnittfirst section
- 7272
- zweiter Abschnittsecond part
- 7474
- Massestückbulk Unit
- 7676
- Schiebeplattesliding plate
- 7878
- Führungsstückguide piece
- 8080
- Gegenplattecounterplate
- 8282
- Federfeather
- 8484
- Bohrungendrilling
Claims (16)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Laufkatze (20) mittels eines Kraftschlusses zwischen der Bremsvorrichtung (36) und der Führungsfläche (18) abbremsbar ist.
characterized in that the trolley (20) by means of a frictional connection between the braking device (36) and the guide surface (18) can be braked.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bremsvorrichtung (36) einen Bremskeil (53) und einen oder mehrere Gegenkeile (48, 50) umfasst.Safety system according to claim 1,
characterized in that the braking device (36) comprises a brake wedge (53) and one or more counter wedges (48, 50).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bremskeil (53) und der Gegenkeil (48, 50) in einem Bremssattel (38) angeordnet sind, der mit der Laufkatze (20) verbunden ist.Safety system according to claim 2,
characterized in that the brake wedge (53) and the counterwedge (48, 50) are arranged in a caliper (38) which is connected to the trolley (20).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gegenkeil (48, 50) lösbar am Bremssattel (38) befestigbar ist.Safety system according to claim 3,
characterized in that the counter wedge (48, 50) releasably on the caliper (38) can be fastened.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bremskeil (53) mittels einer Fixiervorrichtung (58) lösbar am Bremssattel (38) fixiert ist, wobei die Fixiervorrichtung (58) zum Lösen der Fixierung des Bremskeils (53) mittels der Auslösevorrichtung (40) aktivierbar ist.Safety system according to claim 3 or 4,
characterized in that the brake wedge (53) by means of a fixing device (58) is releasably fixed to the brake caliper (38), wherein the fixing device (58) for releasing the fixation of the brake wedge (53) by means of the triggering device (40) can be activated.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fixiervorrichtung (58) einen Bolzen (60) umfasst, der mittels der Auslösevorrichtung (40) relativ zum Bremskeil (53) bewegbar ist, so dass die Fixierung des Bremskeils (53) am Bremssattel (38) lösbar ist.Safety system according to claim 5,
characterized in that the fixing device (58) comprises a bolt (60) which is movable relative to the brake wedge (53) by means of the release device (40), so that the fixation of the brake wedge (53) on the brake caliper (38) is detachable.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auslösevorrichtung (40) und die Fixiervorrichtung (58) mittels eines Bewegungs- und Kraftübertragungsvorrichtung (41) verbunden sind, wobei die Fixiervorrichtung (58) durch die Bewegung der Bewegungs- und Kraftübertragungsvorrichtung (41) aktivierbar ist.Safety system according to claim 9,
characterized in that the triggering device (40) and the fixing device (58) by means of a movement and power transmission device (41) are connected, wherein the fixing device (58) by the movement of the movement and power transmission device (41) is activated.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bewegungs- und Kraftübertragungsvorrichtung (41) als Seilzug (42) ausgeführt ist und die Fixiervorrichtung (58) durch Ziehen des Seilzuges (42) aktivierbar ist.Safety system according to claim 10,
characterized in that the movement and power transmission device (41) is designed as a cable (42) and the fixing device (58) by pulling the cable (42) can be activated.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auslösevorrichtung (40) einen um eine Drehachse (68) drehbaren Hebel (66) aufweist, der mittels des ersten oder zweiten Laufkatzseils (26, 34) die Auslösevorrichtung (40) in einer Ausgangsstellung hält, in welcher die Fixiervorrichtung (58) nicht aktiviert ist, wobei der Seilzug (42) mittels des Hebels (66) anziehbar ist.Safety system according to claim 10 or 11,
characterized in that the triggering device (40) has a rotation axis (68) rotatable lever (66) which holds by means of the first or second trolley rope (26, 34) the triggering device (40) in a starting position in which the fixing device ( 58) is not activated, wherein the cable (42) by means of the lever (66) is engageable.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hebel (66) einen ersten Abschnitt (70) und einen zweiten Abschnitt (72) aufweist, wobei am ersten Abschnitt (70) ein Massestück (74) angeordnet ist und das erste oder zweite Laufkatzseil (26, 34) den zweiten Abschnitt (70) durchläuft und die Auslösevorrichtung (40) in der Ausgangsstellung hält.Safety system according to claim 11,
characterized in that the lever (66) has a first portion (70) and a second portion (72), wherein on the first portion (70) has a mass (74) is arranged and the first or second trolley rope (26, 34) passes through the second section (70) and holds the triggering device (40) in the initial position.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auslösevorrichtung (40) eine gegenüber einer Gegenplatte (80) bewegbare Schiebeplatte (76) umfasst, die mittels Federn (82) vorspannbar ist.Safety system according to claim 10 or 11,
characterized in that the triggering device (40) comprises a relative to a counter-plate (80) movable sliding plate (76) which is prestressed by means of springs (82).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schiebeplatte (76) mittels eines Führungsstücks (78) gegenüber der Gegenplatte (80) bewegbar ist, wobei das Laufkatzseil (26, 34) am Führungsstück (78) anschließbar und die Gegenplatte mittels des ersten oder zweiten Laufkatzseils (26, 34) vorspannbar ist.Safety system according to claim 14,
characterized in that the sliding plate (76) by means of a guide piece (78) relative to the counter-plate (80) is movable, wherein the trolley rope (26, 34) on the guide piece (78) connectable and the counter-plate by means of the first or second trolley rope (26, 34) can be prestressed.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201020005201 DE202010005201U1 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2010-04-14 | Safety system for a trolley of a crane |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2377796A1 true EP2377796A1 (en) | 2011-10-19 |
EP2377796B1 EP2377796B1 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
Family
ID=42263317
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20110156046 Not-in-force EP2377796B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2011-02-25 | Safety system for a trolley on a crane |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2377796B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE202010005201U1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202010008078U1 (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2010-10-07 | Wilbert Turmkrane Gmbh | Safety system for a trolley of a crane |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US708713A (en) * | 1902-02-20 | 1902-09-09 | Charles Wallace Hunt | Hoisting apparatus. |
US4961241A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1990-10-09 | The Serco Corporation | Brake for rail dock leveler |
SU1763274A1 (en) * | 1990-04-13 | 1992-09-23 | Волгодонский Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского И Проектно-Конструкторского Института Атомного Энергетического Машиностроения | Rail brake |
DE9305700U1 (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1993-07-01 | Herz, Werner, O-5703 Heyerode | Safety pliers for a rail-bound system such as a crane |
US5513760A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1996-05-07 | Harnischfeger Corporation | Stacker crane with improved brake mechanism |
US5524548A (en) * | 1995-02-09 | 1996-06-11 | Fox; Richard D. | Festoon brake system |
DE29706622U1 (en) * | 1997-04-12 | 1997-06-12 | Kleiner, Marc, 84508 Burgkirchen | Braking device for overhead traveling cranes |
EP1167273A1 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-01-02 | Atecs Mannesmann AG | Braking device for overhead travelling cranes on rails |
EP1710197A1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-11 | Potain | Safety device for crane trolley |
-
2010
- 2010-04-14 DE DE201020005201 patent/DE202010005201U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2011
- 2011-02-25 EP EP20110156046 patent/EP2377796B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US708713A (en) * | 1902-02-20 | 1902-09-09 | Charles Wallace Hunt | Hoisting apparatus. |
US4961241A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1990-10-09 | The Serco Corporation | Brake for rail dock leveler |
SU1763274A1 (en) * | 1990-04-13 | 1992-09-23 | Волгодонский Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского И Проектно-Конструкторского Института Атомного Энергетического Машиностроения | Rail brake |
DE9305700U1 (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1993-07-01 | Herz, Werner, O-5703 Heyerode | Safety pliers for a rail-bound system such as a crane |
US5513760A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1996-05-07 | Harnischfeger Corporation | Stacker crane with improved brake mechanism |
US5524548A (en) * | 1995-02-09 | 1996-06-11 | Fox; Richard D. | Festoon brake system |
DE29706622U1 (en) * | 1997-04-12 | 1997-06-12 | Kleiner, Marc, 84508 Burgkirchen | Braking device for overhead traveling cranes |
EP1167273A1 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-01-02 | Atecs Mannesmann AG | Braking device for overhead travelling cranes on rails |
EP1710197A1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-11 | Potain | Safety device for crane trolley |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE202010005201U1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
EP2377796B1 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
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