EP2365883A1 - Dispositif et procédé de dosage appropriés pour le dosage de très petits volumes de dosage - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de dosage appropriés pour le dosage de très petits volumes de dosage

Info

Publication number
EP2365883A1
EP2365883A1 EP08875049A EP08875049A EP2365883A1 EP 2365883 A1 EP2365883 A1 EP 2365883A1 EP 08875049 A EP08875049 A EP 08875049A EP 08875049 A EP08875049 A EP 08875049A EP 2365883 A1 EP2365883 A1 EP 2365883A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
metering
dosing
working
working space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08875049A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Renato Nay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamilton Bonaduz AG
Original Assignee
Hamilton Bonaduz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamilton Bonaduz AG filed Critical Hamilton Bonaduz AG
Publication of EP2365883A1 publication Critical patent/EP2365883A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/0241—Drop counters; Drop formers
    • B01L3/0268—Drop counters; Drop formers using pulse dispensing or spraying, eg. inkjet type, piezo actuated ejection of droplets from capillaries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F11/00—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it
    • G01F11/02—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement
    • G01F11/021—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement of the piston type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F11/00—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it
    • G01F11/02—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement
    • G01F11/021—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement of the piston type
    • G01F11/022—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement of the piston type of the gun type and actuated by fluid pressure or by a motor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F11/00—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it
    • G01F11/02—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement
    • G01F11/021—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement of the piston type
    • G01F11/029—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement of the piston type provided with electric controlling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/14—Process control and prevention of errors
    • B01L2200/143—Quality control, feedback systems
    • B01L2200/146—Employing pressure sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/14—Means for pressure control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/06—Valves, specific forms thereof
    • B01L2400/0633—Valves, specific forms thereof with moving parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/021—Pipettes, i.e. with only one conduit for withdrawing and redistributing liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a metering device for aspirating and dispensing a metering medium by means of a working medium through a metering opening into and out of a metering chamber, comprising a working space filled at least partially with a compressible working medium, a pressure changing device designed to reduce the pressure of the metering medium Change working medium in the working space, and the metering the metering chamber.
  • the present invention relates to a metering method for aspiration and dispensing of a metering medium by means of a working medium through a metering into and out of a metering, comprising the following method step: influencing the pressure of the working medium in the metering relative to the ambient pressure outside the metering.
  • Such metering devices and metering methods are well known in the art.
  • One type of known metering devices are the so-called pipetting devices.
  • a metered dosing is aspirated through a dosing into a dosing, then optionally held there and dispensed via an increase in pressure of the working chamber from the dosing through the dosing through in a conventional manner via pressure reduction in the working space.
  • the pressure changes of the working medium in the working space take place relative to the pressure of the atmosphere surrounding the metering opening and the metering medium.
  • the working space and the dosing space be identical or at least partially coincide.
  • a disadvantage of known metering devices is the associated difficulty of aspirating and / or dispensing very small metering volumes of a metering medium in relation to the maximum possible metering volume.
  • a generic metering device wherein the working space and the metering chamber are connected via a valve which is switchable between a blocking position in which a pressure transfer from the working space via the valve is prevented in the metering , And a passage position in which a pressure transmission from the working space via the valve is allowed in the dosing.
  • the advantage here is that the actually generated pressure level of the working medium can exceed the pressure required for aspiration and / or dispensation of a predetermined dosing volume pressure required, ie a greater negative pressure than for aspiration of the predetermined dosing required or greater pressure than to dispense the predetermined Dosiervolumens required in the workroom can prevail.
  • the adjustability of the valve between the blocking position and the passage position ensures that the pressure of the working space on the dosing chamber can be done in a manner that is sufficient for the desired aspiration and / or dispensation of small and smallest dosing volumes.
  • the inventively provided adjustable valve allows the generation of pressure surges from the working space in the dosing, so a time-limited action of the pressure in the working space on the pressure in the dosing.
  • These can be negative pressure surges or overpressure surges.
  • metering volumes of different sizes can be aspirated and / or dispensed, which, however, are still substantially smaller than if the pressure level of the working medium prevailing at the time of the pressure surge in the working space is unlimited in time into the metering space and thus to the metering medium effect.
  • the dosing chamber is usually also partially filled with a compressible working fluid, depending on the dosing state of the dosing device. This can and will usually be the same working fluid as in the workspace. However, it should not be ruled out that in the dosing one of that of the Workspace is different working medium.
  • a pressure transfer between the working space and the dosing is usually done easiest via a working fluid flow through the valve.
  • the working space is separated from the dosing chamber by a membrane or the like and the valve is dependent on its position for
  • Pressure transmission allows or prevents membrane movement. Such a pressure transmission should also be covered by the present application.
  • the pressure changing device is formed by a continuously operating pump whose pressure and / or suction side communicates with the working space.
  • the pressure change device is, however, a piston-cylinder arrangement.
  • the space required to form the metering device can be kept particularly low, if a piston surface and a cylinder wall of the piston-cylinder arrangement limit the working space at least in sections.
  • the dosing medium to be dosed is aspirated into a pipetting tip and dispensed from it. Then it can preferably be provided that the metering space is limited at least in sections by a wall of a pipette tip.
  • the pipetting tip is preferably detachable on the Dosing provided.
  • the pipetting tip is particularly preferably exchangeable, ie, one pipetting tip is provided exchangeably for another on the metering device.
  • the piston-cylinder arrangement is provided with a coupling arrangement with which a coupling counter-arrangement provided on the pipetting tip can be detachably coupled.
  • the piston-cylinder assembly in the region of the coupling arrangement comprises a working fluid passage, in which case the valve may be provided on the working medium passage.
  • valve is also in the region of the coupling arrangement, so that the coupling of the piston-cylinder arrangement with a pipetting tip and the pressure transfer separation of the working space and metering space may be formed in the region of the coupling arrangement, so that it is a spatially relatively small area in which the above functions are realized.
  • the working medium passage can be designed according to the requirements in its length and its cross section and can be formed in extreme cases only by an opening into which then advantageously the valve is inserted.
  • the functionality of the metering device according to the invention in a small space can be ensured by the fact that the working medium passage a first, opening into the working space. Mouth and a second of the working space farther away from the mouth, wherein preferably a second muzzle having longitudinal end portion of the working media passage is surrounded by at least a portion of the coupling arrangement.
  • a constructive embodiment of the metering device according to the invention which in turn can be realized with a small space requirement, can be achieved by arranging the valve spatially between the piston of the piston-cylinder arrangement and the metering opening.
  • the metering opening is in extension of the movement path of the piston, so that the extended imaginary trajectory passes through the metering opening.
  • the pressure change device comprises a pressure change actuator which is coupled to the pressure change device for varying the pressure of the working medium in the work space.
  • a pressure change actuator may be a servomotor moving the piston relative to the cylinder.
  • the pressure change actuator may be a motor driving the pump.
  • the pressure change device comprises a first control device which is designed to control the pressure change actuator. Then, the pressure of the working medium in the working space can be changed by the first control device via the pressure change actuator.
  • the metering device for automation of a metering operation or at least to its machine-assisted flow include a valve actuator for the adjustment of the valve coupled thereto and a second control device, which is formed to control the Ventilaktuators.
  • the metering device has a pressure detection device, which is designed and arranged to detect the pressure of the working medium in the working space.
  • a control circuit can in particular be realized in that the first control device is designed to control the pressure change actuator depending on the pressure detection result of the pressure detection device, in particular is designed to generate a predetermined pressure of the working fluid in the work space and / or hold.
  • the metering device may comprise a timing device, which can output a time signal after the lapse of a predetermined or predeterminable period of time.
  • a dosing process can be carried out with the dosing device according to the invention, starting from the working space into the dosing space, precisely by the exertion of pressure surges. For the most precise timing of such a pressure surge, said timer means is advantageous.
  • the period of time after which the timer means outputs a time signal is adjustable, so that pressure surges of different, but predetermined or predeterminable length of time can be exerted from the working space to the dosing.
  • the second control device is designed to control the valve actuator, it is advantageously provided for timing the valve opening that the second control device is adapted to the valve after a predetermined period of time from an adjustment of the valve in the flow position to a time signal of the timer means towards the locking position to adjust.
  • a pressure surge of a predetermined period of time can be automatically exerted on the dosing space and thus a dosing process can be carried out.
  • the metering volume is adjustable over the change in the time duration, which elapses between the adjustment of the valve in the flow position and the adjustment of the valve in the blocking position. It may also be thought to deposit in a memory a map which, optionally further broken down according to parameters of possible metering media, such as density, viscosity and the like, contains an assignment of periods to dosing volumes.
  • the abovementioned object is likewise achieved by a generic metering method which comprises the following further method step:
  • step of influencing the working medium pressure comprises the following further method steps:
  • This method also makes it possible to provide a pressure reservoir in a working space which has a higher pressure level than would be necessary and sufficient for aspirating and / or dispensing a predetermined dosing volume which is very small in relation to the maximum possible dosing volume
  • the method preferably comprises the following further step:
  • the method according to the invention may also comprise an optional setting of the period of time intended for elapse.
  • the metering device on which the metering process is carried out, is moved between two successive dispensations, so that the small metering volumes are dispensed into different containers.
  • the precision of the dosing can be further increased by the fact that between the successive dispensations of the pressure of the working fluid in the working space is brought to a predetermined pressure level.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a metering device according to the invention.
  • a metering device according to the invention is generally designated 10.
  • the metering device 10 comprises a working chamber 12, in which air or another gas is in the example shown as a working medium.
  • the working space 12 extends along a longitudinal axis L of the metering device 10 and is limited in an axial direction by the end face 14 a of a piston 14.
  • the piston 14 is received axially movably in a cylinder 16 whose cylinder wall 16a limits the working space 12 in the radial direction.
  • the piston 14 is coupled to change the volume of the working space 12 and thus to change the pressure of the work medium located in the working space 12 with a motor 18 which is controllable via a control unit 20.
  • this can be done on an output shaft of a rotary
  • Electric motor a pinion to be placed, which is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the motor and meshes with a rack formation on the piston rod 14b.
  • a pipetting tip 22 At its from the outlet end of the piston 14 and the piston rod 14b opposite longitudinal end of a pipetting tip 22 is detachably coupled to the cylinder 16 in a conventional manner.
  • the pipette tip 22 is an oblong Structure, which also extends in the coupled state to the cylinder 16 along the longitudinal axis L of the metering device.
  • the longitudinal axis of the pipette tip 22 and the longitudinal axis of the cylinder 16 coincide with coupled pipette tip with the longitudinal axis L of the metering device 10 in the example shown.
  • the pipette tip 22 defines in its interior a metering chamber 24, in which in the example shown in the figure, a liquid metering medium 26 has been aspirated.
  • the metering medium 26 has flowed through the metering opening 22a of the pipetting tip 22 into the metering chamber 24.
  • Axially between the working chamber 12 and the metering chamber 24 is held in the cylinder 16, a valve 28 which is adjustable via a merely schematically indicated valve actuator 30 between a passage position in which the working space 12 and the metering chamber 24 communicate with each other to transmit pressure, and a Locking position in which the working space 12 is fluidically separated from the metering chamber 24.
  • a pressure gauge 32 is connected, which measures the pressure of the working medium in the working space 12.
  • the pressure measuring device 32 outputs a signal indicating the pressure of the working medium in the working space 12 to the controller 20 via a signal line 34.
  • a program is deposited, which controls the motor 18 so as to drive the piston 14 via a control line 36, that in the working space 12, the working fluid is at a predetermined pressure level.
  • the controller 20 has previously controlled the valve actuator 30 to close the valve 28 via the control line 38.
  • a relatively large amount of the metering medium 26 was aspirated into the pipetting tip 22.
  • the valve 28 was brought into the passage position and the piston 14 is displaced in the direction of an enlargement of the working space 12. If now, as in a so-called “aliquoting", aspirated into the pipette tip 22 dosing medium 26 are dispensed in relation to the total volume of the aspirated dosing medium 26 very small volumes, this is the valve 28 is moved by means of the Ventilaktuators 30 in the blocking position and the Piston 14 is moved to generate an overpressure relative to the ambient pressure in the vicinity of the metering opening 22a in the direction of a reduction of the working space 12.
  • the piston movement 14 continues until the controller 20 recognizes from the output signal on the data line 34 that the pressure of the Working fluid in the working space 12 coincides with a predetermined target pressure .Then the controller 20 stops the operation of the motor 18, and thus keeps the piston 14 in the place reached.
  • the controller 20 which includes a timer 20a, then opens the valve 28, d., For dispensing a very small metering volume of the metering medium 26 for a predetermined short period of time via the control line 38 and the valve actuator 30. H. adjusts this into the passage position. After elapse of the predetermined period of time, the controller 20 controls the valve actuator 30 to adjust the valve 28 in the blocking position.
  • an excess pressure surge is transferred from the working space 12 into the metering space 24.
  • This positive pressure surge ensures the delivery of a very small reproducible amount of dosing medium 26 through the metering opening 22a.
  • the dosing volume, d. H. the amount of dispensed metering medium 26 is dependent on the length of time of the positive pressure surge. Therefore, the length of the positive pressure surge (as well as the length of time of a vacuum surge during aspiration) is preferably adjustable.
  • the controller 20 After closing the valve 28, ie the adjustment into the blocking position, the controller 20 regulates the pressure of the working fluid in the working space 12 again in the manner described above to the desired target pressure before another dispensing followed, which is largely identical to the previously described , In between, the metering opening is moved relative to a titer plate in order to deliver successive metering volumes into different containers.
  • the controller 20 advantageously comprises a memory 20b, in which for different working media and / or different dosing and / or different state variables, such as temperature, pressure, viscosity and the like at least one map can be stored, which desired dosing volumes with target pressures of the working fluid in the working space 12 and periods of the passage position of the valve 28 linked.
  • an operator can conveniently enter the working medium used, the dosing medium to be dosed and the desired dosing volume, state variables such as pressure, temperature and viscosity are optionally entered or these are detected in part by sensors not shown in the figure, whereupon the desired dosage automatically with great precision.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de dosage permettant d'aspirer et de distribuer un fluide dosé (26) au moyen d'un fluide de travail par une ouverture de dosage (22a) dans un compartiment de dosage (24) et l'en éjecter. Le dispositif de dosage comprend un compartiment de travail (12) rempli au moins en partie d'un fluide de travail compressible, un dispositif de modification de la pression (14, 16) qui est conçu pour modifier la pression du fluide de travail dans le compartiment de travail (12) et le compartiment de dosage (24) comportant l'ouverture de dosage (22a). Le compartiment de travail (12) et le compartiment de dosage (24) sont reliés par une vanne (28) qui peut être commutée entre une position d'arrêt, qui empêche un transfert de pression, notamment un écoulement du fluide de travail, du compartiment de travail (12) en passant par la vanne (28) dans le compartiment de dosage (24), et une position de passage qui autorise un transfert de pression du compartiment de travail (12) en passant par la vanne (28) dans le compartiment de dosage (24).
EP08875049A 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Dispositif et procédé de dosage appropriés pour le dosage de très petits volumes de dosage Withdrawn EP2365883A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2008/010126 WO2010060448A1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Dispositif et procédé de dosage appropriés pour le dosage de très petits volumes de dosage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2365883A1 true EP2365883A1 (fr) 2011-09-21

Family

ID=40347784

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08875049A Withdrawn EP2365883A1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Dispositif et procédé de dosage appropriés pour le dosage de très petits volumes de dosage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110318242A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2365883A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2012510065A (fr)
CN (1) CN102264475A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010060448A1 (fr)

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US8231842B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2012-07-31 Tecan Trading Ag Positive displacement pump with pressure sensor
DE102010038414A1 (de) * 2010-07-26 2012-01-26 Hamilton Bonaduz Ag Pipettiervorrichtung mit Drosselstelle im Pipettierkanal
WO2015057868A1 (fr) 2013-10-17 2015-04-23 Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. Procédés et appareil pour mesurer une pression d'aspiration
CN105599944A (zh) * 2016-03-01 2016-05-25 汕头市奇伟实业有限公司 一种多色同步膏体灌装机
LU100170B1 (de) * 2017-04-13 2018-10-15 Cytena Gmbh Verfahren zum Prozessieren einer flüssigen Probe
CN108007822B (zh) * 2017-11-30 2020-06-19 武汉研润科技发展有限公司 一种高温高剪切动力粘度测定方法及测定仪
EP3520896B1 (fr) * 2018-02-02 2020-04-08 Dispendix GmbH Dispositif volumétrique automatisé
DE102018211497A1 (de) 2018-07-11 2020-01-16 Hamilton Bonaduz Ag Pipettiervorrichtung zur impulsartigen Pipettierung mit einer basierend auf einer Erfassung des Arbeitsgasdrucks geregelten Pipettierkolbenbewegung
EP4310460A1 (fr) * 2022-07-18 2024-01-24 Hach Lange GmbH Analyseur d'eau de processus
EP4310461A1 (fr) * 2022-07-18 2024-01-24 Hach Lange GmbH Analyseur d'eau de processus

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EP1614468B1 (fr) * 2004-07-02 2006-12-20 Hamilton Bonaduz AG Pipette évitant la formation de goutte et son mode de fonctionnement
DE102004052832A1 (de) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-11 Eppendorf Ag Verfahren zum Dosieren von Flüssigkeitsvolumina und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102005025640A1 (de) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-07 Scienion Ag Mikrodispenser und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0438136A2 (fr) * 1990-01-18 1991-07-24 Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Système de distribution et de dilution automatisé
JPH09145720A (ja) * 1995-11-27 1997-06-06 Noeru:Kk 分注装置
US5976470A (en) * 1998-05-29 1999-11-02 Ontogen Corporation Sample wash station assembly
US20060051252A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-03-09 Microfluidic Systems, Inc. Handheld and portable microfluidic device to automatically prepare nucleic acids for analysis

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Title
See also references of WO2010060448A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102264475A (zh) 2011-11-30
JP2012510065A (ja) 2012-04-26
WO2010060448A1 (fr) 2010-06-03
US20110318242A1 (en) 2011-12-29

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