EP2337912A1 - High rise building with a stair well and a intake air shaft - Google Patents

High rise building with a stair well and a intake air shaft

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Publication number
EP2337912A1
EP2337912A1 EP09736194A EP09736194A EP2337912A1 EP 2337912 A1 EP2337912 A1 EP 2337912A1 EP 09736194 A EP09736194 A EP 09736194A EP 09736194 A EP09736194 A EP 09736194A EP 2337912 A1 EP2337912 A1 EP 2337912A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bulkhead
stairwell
door
fire
subspace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09736194A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2337912B1 (en
Inventor
Horst A. Ermer
Hans Gaida
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swiss Raltec GmbH
Original Assignee
Swiss Raltec GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swiss Raltec GmbH filed Critical Swiss Raltec GmbH
Priority to PL09736194T priority Critical patent/PL2337912T3/en
Publication of EP2337912A1 publication Critical patent/EP2337912A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2337912B1 publication Critical patent/EP2337912B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B15/00—Installations affording protection against poisonous or injurious substances, e.g. with separate breathing apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F24F2011/0004—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air to create overpressure in a room
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/50—HVAC for high buildings, e.g. thermal or pressure differences

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-rise building with a stairwell, a supply air shaft, inflow openings that connect the supply air shaft with the stairwell and a pressure system for smoke control of the stairwell, characterized in that the stairwell is divided vertically into several subspaces by at least one bulkhead, and that each bulkhead has a door which allows passage from one compartment of the stairwell to the adjacent compartment.
  • the permissible pressure range is thus between 45 and 55 Pa, in the above example only five of the 15-20 projectiles are pressurized with the correct pressure. beat. All floors above have a lower pressure than 45 Pa.
  • this problem can be counteracted by providing the above-mentioned inflow openings from about the 8th floor, for example, they are all three levels. Air is admitted from the supply duct, which is usually adjacent to the stairwell, into the stairwell. This allows a stable homogeneity of pressure over the entire height of the building.
  • the table below shows an example calculation for a high-rise building with 42 storeys, the table shows how the pressures between the stairwell and the usage unit are set in normal operation, in summer and in winter. At pressures above 50 Pa, it is usually difficult, if not impossible, for a normal-weight and normal-strength person to open a door.
  • the above-mentioned door opening force according to the standard EN 12101-6 which is limited to a maximum of 100 N, is exceeded.
  • the stairwell is subdivided into subspaces in the vertical direction. So there is a section formation.
  • the individual subspaces are separated by a respective bulkhead.
  • the subdivision is not necessarily dense, but it has only a small leak rate.
  • Small leak rate means small in relation to the supply of air, the leak rate is in particular less than 5%, preferably 1% of the supply air or less than 0.1 m / s. Per second, less than 1 m3 of air is lost through the leaks.
  • the supply air shaft remains as in the prior art throughout.
  • the inflow openings are retained.
  • essentially the stairwell is thus changed.
  • the type of control of the introduction of air into the supply air shaft and from the supply air shaft into the stairwell is also changed.
  • the subdivision of the staircase is preferably carried out outside the steps, for example parallel to individual stairs and e.g. at a landing or a -pipee. It can be located at a location where the entrance doors for the transition into the usage unit are arranged. But it can also be done offset by half a floor.
  • the air space of the staircase is divided every 10 to 30 storeys, in particular every 15 to 20 storeys, each with a bulkhead. In other words, sections are formed between 30 to 70 m.
  • the bulkhead is both a pressure bulkhead and a flow bulkhead. If the skyscraper has, for example, 48 storeys, it is expediently subdivided by two bulkheads into three subspaces or pressure zones. A lower pressure zone extends from the basement to the floor 16, a medium pressure zone covers the floors 17-32, the upper pressure zone includes the floors 32-48.
  • the subdivision of the stairwell into individual subspaces or pressure areas has the following advantages:
  • the fire alarm system activates the overpressure system.
  • This has a control unit that controls the supply air flows, the control is such that only the subspace in which the fire is located, with supply air and thus pressure is applied.
  • the number of fans for the supply air remains substantially the same, since only the air flow must be supplied via the supply air duct, which is required in the respective pressure segment.
  • Sufficient fans are provided to ensure a secure pressure build-up in the considered subspace.
  • the means are redundant.
  • the predetermined overpressure provided by the standard always exists between the stairwell and the usage unit in order to prevent the passage of smoke into the stairwell.
  • the bulkhead is preferably a lightweight wall dividing the stairwell more or less dense. He has the function to divide the airspace of the stairwell or separate. As the bulkhead is located in the "Staircase" fire section, no fire protection requirements are imposed on the building materials, doors or control equipment used.For the bulkhead it is preferred to use materials which are themselves incombustible or have a sufficient fire class.
  • the door of the bulkhead is installed in the direction of escape, ie following the path from top to bottom. Preferably, it is associated with an automatic door closer. This ensures that the door is normally closed.
  • the door of the bulkhead for example, be designed as a swing door with appropriate load in the closed position.
  • barometric flaps are provided in the bulkhead, which in particular without auxiliary energy directly ensure a pressure equalization between the partial space affected by the fire and an adjoining subareas adjacent thereto or below.
  • Barometric valves can be designed as mechanical control units. Depending on the design, for example, with weights or with spring force, they can be set to the required pressure specification.
  • two barometric valves are installed in a bulkhead, they allow the flow of air in both directions.
  • the barometric valves are preferably arranged next to and above the door. They may also be formed in the door, they may be more or less from the door, e.g. Swing door, be formed.
  • the design of the barometric valves according to size and pressure difference depends on the fire protection concept. In particular, it depends on what pressure difference between stairwell and use unit is required.
  • the barometric valves can be made according to the state of the art.
  • a fire on the 24th Floor of a skyscraper arises, it is detected and supply air from the supply duct into the corresponding subspace, for example, limited by the 16th and 32nd floor, promoted the stairwell.
  • corresponding valves are advantageously opened, which are each arranged in a connection between supply air shaft and staircase, specifically opened. Only the valves that are located in the affected compartment are opened.
  • an air volume of approximately 20,000 m 3 / h is required.
  • the barometric flaps act as pressure relief flaps in two directions: the upwardly opening barometric flap in the upper bulkhead of the sub-chamber causes an upward flow into the unpressurised, overlying subspace.
  • the upwardly opening barometric valve in the lower bulkhead of the subspace allows a discharge into the adjacent, not pressurized, subjacent subspace. This ensures at all times that the maximum pressure difference in the subspace over its entire height is maintained.
  • the advantage of the bulkhead is not only in case of fire, but already in normal operating condition. This is the static air pressure in the stairwell. An additional supply of air in the stairwell is usually not.
  • air is blown into the Zu Kunststoffschaft in a known manner via fans. This can be done anywhere. It can be done for example on the ground floor, it can be done on the top floor, but it can also be done at an intermediate point, for example in a technical floor.
  • the air pressure decreases, this can be calculated by means of the barometric altitude formula.
  • the air is therefore thinner on the top floor of the building than on the ground floor.
  • a fan at the same speed promotes a smaller volume of air.
  • the barometric effect can be corrected by computer. Knowing the height of the fire floor, the fans can be operated at the appropriate speed to compensate for the drop in volume according to the barometric altitude formula.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view through a portion of a stairwell of a skyscraper with a section line according to I-I in Figure 2,
  • Fig. 2 a portion of a floor plan of the high-rise building for a projectile in which there is a bulkhead, corresponding to the section line H-II in Figure 1 and about twice as large scale as in FIG. 1, and
  • Fig. 3 a sectional view as in Fig. 1, but without individual details and now with an upper end and a lower end.
  • a staircase 38 is shown in Figure 1, which extends over the floors 14-33 (with drawn interruption between 19 and 29). It is bounded by walls 40, 42, 44 and 46. It has a staircase 48. It consists of individual staircases, which are formed in the example shown as U-stairs with half-platform 50. To each landing staircase includes a landing 52, to which a lower staircase 54 connects, which opens into the half-platform 50. From this, an upper staircase 56 goes to the next overlying landing of the next landing stairs. Between the two staircases 54, 56 is a stairwell, which is normally open. In the embodiment shown, however, it is closed in the area between the floors 15 and 16 and between the floors 31 and 32.
  • This bulkhead 58 has a bulkhead 60. It is composed in shape of an elongated rectangle and a triangle attached to one longitudinal side of this rectangle. The bulkhead 60 is oriented vertically. The two sides of the triangle not connected to the rectangle reach into the staircase eyes of a lower staircase 54 and the associated upper staircase 56. The described rectangle connects the half-platforms 50 of superimposed projectiles. Overall, a more or less dense subdivision is achieved. In Figure 1, two such bulkheads 58 are shown, one between the 16th and 17th floors, the other between the 31st and 32nd floors.
  • a door 62 is installed in the bulkhead 60. It is expedient assigned an overhead door closer (not shown). Furthermore, 60 two barometric pressure flaps 64 and 66 are installed in the bulkhead. They work in different directions. The pressure flap 64 opens from bottom to top, the pressure flap 66 operates in the opposite direction. Both are preferably identical. They are formed according to the prior art and set for an automatic opening at a predetermined pressure value, for example 50 Pa. It is possible to ral ensue both passage directions in a pressure flap.
  • stairwell door 68 in a lock 70 and from this via an entrance door 72 in the associated floor.
  • the stairwell door 68 and the door 62 of the bulkhead 58 are offset by half a floor. This is not necessary, other versions are possible.
  • the skyscraper has a Zu Kunststoffschacht 74. Like the stairwell 38, it extends over the entire height of the considered building, at least the considered section.
  • the supply air shaft 74 is connected at certain intervals, for example every three to eight floors, in particular in technical floors, via inflow openings or channels 76 with the stairwell 38.
  • Each channel 76 is associated with a controllable valve 78. Normally it is closed.
  • Each individual valve 78 is connected to a control unit 80.
  • the supply air shaft 74 is supplied with air. Usually, this is done via multiple fans that can be arranged at different locations.
  • a fan 82 is shown in FIG. 1, which air acts on the supply air shaft 74 via a line 84 as required.
  • the fan 82 is controlled by the control unit 80.
  • a fire alarm system 86 is provided, it detects a fire and gives a fire signal to the control unit 80, this is electrically connected to this.
  • the fire alarm system 86 includes a plurality of fire detectors 88, which are each provided per floor and of which only a few are shown by way of example. For example, they are connected to each other via a bus and to the fire alarm system 86.
  • the fire alarm system 86 contains the information about the fire and information on the affected floor. These are forwarded to the control unit 80. This now determines which subspace is affected, drives the fans to the required extent and possibly taking into account the height and opens those valves 78 that open into the affected subspace, possibly only a part of them. As a result, the prescribed overpressure is achieved in the subspace.
  • Into the stairwell 38 is air only through the air supply through the channels 76 and 74 via the supply air shaft. There are no other sources of air supply for the stairwell 38.
  • this bulkhead 58 has a bulkhead wall, as described in FIG. 1, a door 62 being provided in it. Such a door can be omitted if you can not get into the room above the floor 93 via the stairwell, but for example via other entrances.
  • a barometric pressure flap 64 is installed, which therefore opens from bottom to top. A pressure flap in the other direction is expressly not provided. This means that over the top bulkhead only air can escape upwards, but from above, so above the floor 93, no air can flow.
  • a room 101 Above the uppermost bulkhead 58 is a room 101. It is about the height of a floor. Above this room there is a roof 102. In the roof 102, a ventilation flap 103 is arranged. It corresponds to the state of the art. About them is only an upward flow possible.
  • an entrance door 110 is provided, via which one reaches an exit area 111. This is closed off to the side of the house via an inner access door 112. You have to pass both doors 110, 112 to get into the stairwell 38. Behind the access door 112 is an entrance area 114. From this, a lower space 131 of the stairwell 38 is reached via a door 62. It is arranged in a bulkhead 58, which separates the input area 114 from the lower space 131. In the associated bulkhead 60, a barometric pressure flap 66 is arranged, which allows an outflow only from top to bottom. It is also possible to arrange the partition wall just described between the first and second floor or the second and third floor.

Abstract

The invention relates to a high rise building with a stair well (38), an intake air shaft (74), inlet flow openings (76) that connect the intake air shaft to the stair well and a pressure system for keeping the stair well smoke-free. The stair well is subdivided vertically into a plurality of partial spaces by way of at least one bulkhead (58), and each bulkhead has a door that enables passage from a partial space of the stair well to the adjacent partial space.

Description

Bezeichnung: Hochhaus mit einem Treppenraum und einem Zuluftschacht Designation: High-rise with a stairwell and a supply air shaft
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Hochhaus mit einem Treppenraum, einem Zuluftschacht, Einströmöffnungen, die den Zuluftschacht mit dem Treppenraum verbinden und einer Druckanlage zur Rauchfreihaltung des Treppenraums, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Treppenraum durch mindestens ein Schott vertikal in mehrere Teilräume unterteilt ist, und dass jedes Schott eine Tür hat, die eine Passage von einem Teilraum des Treppenraums in den benachbarten Teilraum ermöglicht.The invention relates to a high-rise building with a stairwell, a supply air shaft, inflow openings that connect the supply air shaft with the stairwell and a pressure system for smoke control of the stairwell, characterized in that the stairwell is divided vertically into several subspaces by at least one bulkhead, and that each bulkhead has a door which allows passage from one compartment of the stairwell to the adjacent compartment.
Bei Hochhäusern bis etwa 60 m, also mit etwa 15-20 Geschossen, kann eine Rauchfreihaltung des Treppenraums durch relativ homogenen Überdruck sicher hergestellt werden, wenn z.B. die Einblasung von Zuluft an unterster Stelle des Treppenhauses und parallel dazu über den Zuluftschacht über die Einströmöffnungen in den Treppenraum erfolgt. Diese Technik ist Stand der Technik, von der die Erfindung ausgeht.In skyscrapers up to about 60 m, so with about 15-20 storeys, a smoke clearance of the stairwell can be safely prepared by relatively homogeneous overpressure, when, for. the supply air is injected at the lowest point of the staircase and, in parallel, via the supply air duct via the inflow openings in the stairwell. This technique is state of the art from which the invention proceeds.
Wenn die Gebäude höher werden, wird es jedoch wesentlich schwieriger, eine relativ homogene Drucksäule über die gesamte Höhe des Treppenraums herzustellen. Der Grund liegt in der Geometrie des Treppenraumes. Die Wendel der Treppe und das Treppengeländer, aber auch weitere Teile des Treppenraumes, bilden Strömungswiderstände. Dies führt dazu, dass im Mittel etwa 2 Pa Druck je Ge- schoss verloren werden.As the buildings get higher, however, it becomes much more difficult to make a relatively homogeneous pressure column over the entire height of the stairwell. The reason lies in the geometry of the stairwell. The helix of the staircase and the banister, but also other parts of the stairwell, form flow resistance. This means that on average about 2 Pa pressure per bullet is lost.
Nach der europäischen Norm EN 12101, Teil 6, Ausgabe 09/2005 ist für rauchfreie Rettungswege in Gebäuden folgendes festgelegt:According to European Standard EN 12101, Part 6, Edition 09/2005, the following is specified for smoke-free escape routes in buildings:
- Türöffnungskraft maximal 100 N,- door opening force maximum 100 N,
- Überdruck im Treppenraum bei geschlossenen Türen gegenüber den Geschossen 50 Pa ± 10% und- Overpressure in the stairwell with closed doors opposite the floors 50 Pa ± 10% and
- mittlere Luftgeschwindigkeit in der geöffneten Eingangstür zwischen Treppenraum und Nutzungseinheit > 2 m/s für den Fall des Löschungsangriffs durch die Feuerwehr.- average air speed in the open entrance door between the stairwell and the unit of use> 2 m / s in the event of a firefighting fire attack.
Da der zulässige Druckbereich somit zwischen 45 und 55 Pa liegt, sind im obigen Beispiel lediglich fünf der 15-20 Geschosse mit dem richtigen Druck beauf- schlagt. Alle darüber liegenden Geschosse haben einen geringeren Druck als 45 Pa.Since the permissible pressure range is thus between 45 and 55 Pa, in the above example only five of the 15-20 projectiles are pressurized with the correct pressure. beat. All floors above have a lower pressure than 45 Pa.
Nach dem Stand der Technik kann man diesem Problem dadurch begegnen, dass man etwa ab der 8. Etage die bereits erwähnten Einströmöffnungen vorsieht, sie sind beispielsweise alle drei Etagen ausgebildet. Über sie wird Luft aus dem üblicherweise an den Treppenraum angrenzenden Zuluftschacht in den Treppenraum eingelassen. Damit kann man eine stabile Homogenität des Druckes über die gesamte Höhe des Gebäudes erhalten.According to the state of the art, this problem can be counteracted by providing the above-mentioned inflow openings from about the 8th floor, for example, they are all three levels. Air is admitted from the supply duct, which is usually adjacent to the stairwell, into the stairwell. This allows a stable homogeneity of pressure over the entire height of the building.
Dies gilt jedoch nur für Gebäude bis zu einer gewissen Höhe. Mit dem Streben nach immer höheren Hochhäusern, beispielsweise jenseits 120 m, können physikalische Effekte wie der Schachteffekt nicht länger unberücksichtigt bleiben. Insbesondere wirkt der durch die Temperaturdifferenz von Innen- und Außentemperatur (beispielsweise im Sommer und im Winter) verursachte Schachteffekt negativ auf die Kräfte für die Öffnung einer Tür, und dies bereits im Normalbetrieb des Gebäudes, nicht nur im Randfall.However, this only applies to buildings up to a certain height. With the pursuit of ever higher skyscrapers, for example, beyond 120 m, physical effects such as the manhole effect can no longer be disregarded. In particular, the shaft effect caused by the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor temperature (for example in summer and in winter) has a negative effect on the forces for opening a door, and this already during normal operation of the building, not only in the marginal case.
In der nachstehenden Tabelle ist ein Rechenbeispiel für ein Hochhaus mit 42 Geschossen angegeben, die Tabelle zeigt, wie sich die Drücke zwischen Treppenraum und Nutzungseinheit im Normalbetrieb, im Sommer und im Winter einstellen. Bei Drücken oberhalb 50 Pa ist es im Regelfall für eine normalgewichtige und normalkräftige Person schwierig, wenn nicht gar unmöglich, eine Tür zu öffnen. Die oben genannte Türöffnungskraft nach der Norm EN 12101-6, die auf maximal 100 N begrenzt ist, wird überschritten. The table below shows an example calculation for a high-rise building with 42 storeys, the table shows how the pressures between the stairwell and the usage unit are set in normal operation, in summer and in winter. At pressures above 50 Pa, it is usually difficult, if not impossible, for a normal-weight and normal-strength person to open a door. The above-mentioned door opening force according to the standard EN 12101-6, which is limited to a maximum of 100 N, is exceeded.
Tabelle:Table:
Überdrücke der Treppenräume gegenüber den Geschossen im Notfall- und im Normal- lüftungsbetrieb bei Einhaltung eines Miπdestüberdmcks von 10 Pa und unterschiedli- chen Tem eraturverhältnissenOverpressures of the stairwells opposite the storeys in emergency and normal ventilation operation with a minimum overpressure of 10 Pa and different temperature conditions
Hier setzt nun die Erfindung ein. Sie hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, auch für relativ hohe Hochhäuser, beispielsweise auch oberhalb von 120 m Gesamthöhe, jedenfalls über ca. 60 m, eine homogene Druckhaltung im Brandfall und damit eine Begrenzung der Türöffnungskraft auf Normwerte zu erreichen, wobei eine Strömungsgeschwindigkeit nach der Norm, beispielsweise von > 2 m/s, zwischen Treppenraum und Nutzungseinheit auf der Brandetage gewährleistet ist und der Schachteffekt für den Normalbetrieb und auch für den Brandfall des Gebäudes nicht berücksichtigt werden muss. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Hochhaus mit einem Treppenraum, mit einem Zuluftschacht, mit Einströmöffnungen, die den Zuluftschacht mit dem Treppenraum verbinden und mit einer Druckanlage zur Rauchfreihaltung des Treppenraums, bei der der Treppenraum durch mindestens ein Schott vertikal in mehrere Teilräume unterteilt ist und jedes Schott eine Tür hat, die eine für Personen geeignete Passage von einem Teilraum des Treppenraums in den benachbarten Teilraum ermöglicht.This is where the invention begins. It has set itself the task, even for relatively high skyscrapers, for example, above 120 m total height, in any case about 60 m, a homogeneous pressure retention in case of fire and thus limit the door opening force to achieve normal values, with a flow velocity after the Standard, for example, of> 2 m / s, between stairwell and use unit is guaranteed on the fire floor and the shaft effect for normal operation and also for the fire of the building need not be considered. This object is achieved by a skyscraper with a stairwell, with a Zuluftschacht, with inflow, which connect the Zuluftschacht with the stairwell and with a pressure system for smoke control of the stairwell, in which the stairwell is divided vertically into several subspaces by at least one bulkhead and each Schott has a door that allows a suitable passage for people from one part of the stairwell room in the adjacent subspace.
Erfindungsgemäß wird der Treppenraum in vertikaler Richtung in Teilräume unterteilt. Es erfolgt also eine Abschnittsbildung. Die einzelnen Teilräume sind durch jeweils einen Schott voneinander getrennt. Die Unterteilung ist nicht notwendigerweise dicht, sie hat aber nur eine kleine Leckrate. Kleine Leckrate bedeutet klein im Verhältnis zu der Zufuhr von Luft, die Leckrate ist insbesondere kleiner als 5%, vorzugsweise 1% der Zuluftzufuhr bzw. kleiner als 0,1 m/s. Pro Sekunde soll weniger als 1 m3 an Luft durch die Leckagen verloren gehen.According to the invention, the stairwell is subdivided into subspaces in the vertical direction. So there is a section formation. The individual subspaces are separated by a respective bulkhead. The subdivision is not necessarily dense, but it has only a small leak rate. Small leak rate means small in relation to the supply of air, the leak rate is in particular less than 5%, preferably 1% of the supply air or less than 0.1 m / s. Per second, less than 1 m3 of air is lost through the leaks.
Der Zuluftschacht bleibt wie im Stand der Technik durchgehend. Die Einströmöffnungen bleiben erhalten. Geändert wird gegenüber dem Stand der Technik somit im Wesentlichen der Treppenraum. Geändert wird auch die Art der Steuerung des Einleitens von Luft in den Zuluftschacht und vom Zuluftschacht in den Treppenraum.The supply air shaft remains as in the prior art throughout. The inflow openings are retained. In comparison with the prior art, essentially the stairwell is thus changed. The type of control of the introduction of air into the supply air shaft and from the supply air shaft into the stairwell is also changed.
Die Unterteilung des Treppenraums erfolgt vorzugsweise außerhalb der Treppenstufen, beispielsweise parallel zu einzelnen Treppen und z.B. an einem Treppenpodest bzw. einer -kehre. Es kann an einer Stelle, wo auch die Eingangstüren für den Übergang in die Nutzungseinheit angeordnet sind. Es kann aber auch hierzu um eine halbe Etage versetzt erfolgen.The subdivision of the staircase is preferably carried out outside the steps, for example parallel to individual stairs and e.g. at a landing or a -kehre. It can be located at a location where the entrance doors for the transition into the usage unit are arranged. But it can also be done offset by half a floor.
Der Luftraum des Treppenraums wird alle 10 bis 30 Geschosse, insbesondere aller 15 bis 20 Geschosse durch jeweils einen Schott unterteilt. Anders ausgedrückt werden Abschnitte zwischen 30 bis 70 m gebildet. Der Schott ist sowohl ein Druckschott als auch ein Strömungsschott. Hat das Hochhaus beispielsweise 48 Geschosse, so wird es zweckmäßigerweise durch zwei Schotten in drei Teilräume bzw. Druckzonen unterteilt. Eine untere Druckzone reicht vom Erdge- schoss bis zum Geschoss 16, eine mittlere Druckzone deckt die Geschosse 17 - 32 ab, die obere Druckzone beinhaltet die Geschosse 32 - 48. Die Unterteilung des Treppenraums in einzelne Teilräume bzw. Druckbereiche hat folgende Vorteile:The air space of the staircase is divided every 10 to 30 storeys, in particular every 15 to 20 storeys, each with a bulkhead. In other words, sections are formed between 30 to 70 m. The bulkhead is both a pressure bulkhead and a flow bulkhead. If the skyscraper has, for example, 48 storeys, it is expediently subdivided by two bulkheads into three subspaces or pressure zones. A lower pressure zone extends from the basement to the floor 16, a medium pressure zone covers the floors 17-32, the upper pressure zone includes the floors 32-48. The subdivision of the stairwell into individual subspaces or pressure areas has the following advantages:
1. Mit der Erfassung von Brandrauch aktiviert die Brandmeldeanlage die Ü- berdruckanlage. Diese hat eine Steuerungseinheit, die die Zuluftströme steuert, die Steuerung erfolgt so, dass nur der Teilraum, in dem sich der Brand befindet, mit Zuluft und damit Überdruck beaufschlagt wird.1. With the detection of smoke, the fire alarm system activates the overpressure system. This has a control unit that controls the supply air flows, the control is such that only the subspace in which the fire is located, with supply air and thus pressure is applied.
Dadurch bleibt die Anzahl der Ventilatoren für die Zuluft im Wesentlichen gleich, da lediglich der Luftstrom über den Zuluftschacht zugeführt werden muss, der im jeweiligen Drucksegment benötigt wird. Es werden ausreichend Ventilatoren vorgehalten, damit ein gesicherter Druckaufbau in dem betrachteten Teilraum gewährleistet ist. Wie im Stand der Technik sind die Mittel redundant.As a result, the number of fans for the supply air remains substantially the same, since only the air flow must be supplied via the supply air duct, which is required in the respective pressure segment. Sufficient fans are provided to ensure a secure pressure build-up in the considered subspace. As in the prior art, the means are redundant.
2. Zwischen Treppenraum und Nutzungseinheit besteht im Brandfall immer der vorgegebene, von der Norm vorgesehene Überdruck, um Raucheintritt in den Treppenraum zu verhindern.2. In the event of a fire, the predetermined overpressure provided by the standard always exists between the stairwell and the usage unit in order to prevent the passage of smoke into the stairwell.
3. Der Treppenraum als Rettungsweg steht in den Teilräumen des Treppenraums, die außerhalb des Brandbereichs liegen, nach wie vor zur Verfügung, in diesen Teilräumen herrscht kein Überdruck. Wenn oberhalb der Brandebene befindliche Geschosse evakuiert werden müssen, können die Personen den druckbeaufschlagten Treppenbereich passieren, hierzu müssen die Türen in den Schotten jeweils geöffnet werden.3. The staircase as an escape route is still available in the sub-areas of the stairwell that are outside the fire area, there is no overpressure in these sub-areas. If projectiles located above the fire level have to be evacuated, the persons can pass through the pressurized staircase, in which case the doors in the bulkheads must be opened.
Der Schott ist vorzugsweise eine Leichtbauwand, der den Treppenraum mehr o- der weniger dicht unterteilt. Er hat die Funktion, den Luftraum des Treppenraumes zu unterteilen bzw. zu trennen. Da sich der Schott im Brandabschnitt „Treppenraum" befindet, werden keine brandschutztechnischen Anforderungen an die verwendeten Baustoffe, Türen oder Regelgeräte gestellt. Vorzugsweise werden für den Schott Materialien verwendet, die selbst nicht brennbar sind bzw. eine ausreichende Brandklasse haben. Die Tür des Schotts wird in Fluchtrichtung, d.h. dem Weg von oben nach unten folgend, eingebaut. Vorzugsweise ist ihr ein automatischer Türschließer zugeordnet. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass die Tür normalerweise geschlossen ist. Die Tür des Schotts kann beispielsweise auch als Pendeltür mit entsprechender Belastung in die Schließstellung ausgeführt sein.The bulkhead is preferably a lightweight wall dividing the stairwell more or less dense. He has the function to divide the airspace of the stairwell or separate. As the bulkhead is located in the "Staircase" fire section, no fire protection requirements are imposed on the building materials, doors or control equipment used.For the bulkhead it is preferred to use materials which are themselves incombustible or have a sufficient fire class. The door of the bulkhead is installed in the direction of escape, ie following the path from top to bottom. Preferably, it is associated with an automatic door closer. This ensures that the door is normally closed. The door of the bulkhead, for example, be designed as a swing door with appropriate load in the closed position.
Vorzugsweise sind barometrische Klappen in der Schottwand vorgesehen, die insbesondere ohne Hilfsenergie unmittelbar einen Druckausgleich zwischen den vom Brand betroffenen Teilraum und einen darüber liegend angrenzenden bzw. darunter anliegend angrenzenden Teilraum gewährleisten. Barometrische Klappen können als mechanische Regeleinheiten ausgeführt werden. Je nach Bauart, beispielsweise mit Gewichten oder mit Federkraft, können sie auf die geforderte Druckvorgabe eingestellt werden. Vorzugsweise werden zwei barometrische Klappen in eine Schottwand eingebaut, sie erlauben die Strömung der Luft in beiden Richtungen. Die barometrischen Klappen sind vorzugsweise neben und oberhalb der Tür angeordnet. Sie können auch in der Tür ausgebildet sein, sie können mehr oder weniger von der Tür, z.B. Schwingtür, gebildet sein.Preferably, barometric flaps are provided in the bulkhead, which in particular without auxiliary energy directly ensure a pressure equalization between the partial space affected by the fire and an adjoining subareas adjacent thereto or below. Barometric valves can be designed as mechanical control units. Depending on the design, for example, with weights or with spring force, they can be set to the required pressure specification. Preferably, two barometric valves are installed in a bulkhead, they allow the flow of air in both directions. The barometric valves are preferably arranged next to and above the door. They may also be formed in the door, they may be more or less from the door, e.g. Swing door, be formed.
Die Auslegung der barometrischen Klappen nach Größe und Druckdifferenz ist abhängig vom Brandschutzkonzept. Insbesondere kommt es darauf an, welche Druckdifferenz zwischen Treppenraum und Nutzungseinheit gefordert wird. Die barometrischen Klappen können nach dem Stand der Technik ausgeführt werden.The design of the barometric valves according to size and pressure difference depends on the fire protection concept. In particular, it depends on what pressure difference between stairwell and use unit is required. The barometric valves can be made according to the state of the art.
Wenn beispielsweise ein Brand in der 24. Etage eines Hochhauses entsteht, wird er erfasst und wird Zuluft aus dem Zuluftschacht in den entsprechenden Teilraum, beispielsweise begrenzt durch die 16. und 32. Etage, des Treppenraums gefördert. Hierzu werden vorteilhafterweise entsprechende Ventile, die jeweils in einer Verbindung zwischen Zuluftschacht und Treppenraum angeordnet sind, gezielt geöffnet. Es werden nur die Ventile geöffnet, die im betroffenen Teilraum liegen. Um eine Druckdifferenz von beispielsweise 50 Pa zwischen dem betrachteten Teilraum des Treppenraums und der Nutzungseinheit zu erreichen bzw. eine Luftströmung von > 2 m/s in die Brandetage zu erzeugen, benötigt man ein Luftvolumen von etwa 20.000 m3/h. Um ausreichend Sicherheit zu haben, beispielsweise hinsichtlich ungeplanter Leckagen, werden in der Praxis etwa 30.000 m3/h dem betrachteten Teilraum des Treppenraums zugeführt. Falls durch das Schließen von Türen der Druck die maximalen 50 Pa übersteigt, wirken die barometrischen Klappen als Druckentlastungsklappen, und dies in zwei Richtungen : Die nach oben öffnende barometrische Klappe im oberen Schott des Teilraums bewirkt eine Abströmung nach oben in den nicht druckbeaufschlagten, darüber liegenden Teilraum. Die nach oben öffnende barometrische Klappe im unteren Schott des Teilraums ermöglicht eine Abströmung in den benachbarten, nicht druckbeaufschlagten, darunter liegenden Teilraum. Somit ist jederzeit gewährleistet, dass die maximale Druckdifferenz im Teilraum über dessen gesamte Höhe eingehalten wird.For example, if a fire on the 24th Floor of a skyscraper arises, it is detected and supply air from the supply duct into the corresponding subspace, for example, limited by the 16th and 32nd floor, promoted the stairwell. For this purpose, corresponding valves are advantageously opened, which are each arranged in a connection between supply air shaft and staircase, specifically opened. Only the valves that are located in the affected compartment are opened. In order to achieve a pressure difference of, for example, 50 Pa between the considered subspace of the stairwell and the utilization unit or to produce an air flow of> 2 m / s into the fire floor, an air volume of approximately 20,000 m 3 / h is required. In order to have sufficient security, for example with regard to unplanned leaks, in practice about 30,000 m 3 / h are supplied to the considered subspace of the stairwell. If the pressure exceeds the maximum 50 Pa by closing doors, the barometric flaps act as pressure relief flaps in two directions: the upwardly opening barometric flap in the upper bulkhead of the sub-chamber causes an upward flow into the unpressurised, overlying subspace. The upwardly opening barometric valve in the lower bulkhead of the subspace allows a discharge into the adjacent, not pressurized, subjacent subspace. This ensures at all times that the maximum pressure difference in the subspace over its entire height is maintained.
Der Vorteil des Schotts stellt sich nicht nur im Brandfall ein, sondern bereits im normalen Betriebszustand. In diesem liegt der statische Luftdruck im Treppenraum vor. Eine zusätzliche Einspeisung von Luft in den Treppenraum erfolgt in der Regel nicht.The advantage of the bulkhead is not only in case of fire, but already in normal operating condition. This is the static air pressure in the stairwell. An additional supply of air in the stairwell is usually not.
Bei sehr hohen Gebäuden mit durchgehenden Treppenräumen, die immer über definierte oder unbekannte Leckagen verfügen, tritt ein Schachteffekt auf. Der Schachteffekt wird durch die Temperaturunterschiede von innen und außen wirksam. Die auftretenden Druckdifferenzen können recht beachtlich sein, siehe obige Tabelle, so dass die auf die Türen wirkenden Kräfte verhindern, dass die Türen zu jeder Zeit von jedermann geöffnet werden können. Damit kritische Grenzwerte gar nicht erst erreicht werden, unterbrechen die Schotten den Schachteffekt. Über die Höhe einer Sektion, also von etwa 60 Meter vertikal, stellt sich erfahrungsgemäß kein wirksamer Schachteffekt ein. Damit wird durch die Erfindung auch der Schachteffekt neutralisiert. Dies ist unabhängig vom Brandzustand. Der Schachteffekt wird im Normalzustand unterbrochen.In very tall buildings with continuous staircases that always have defined or unknown leakages, a manhole effect occurs. The shaft effect is made effective by the temperature differences from inside and outside. The differences in pressure can be rather considerable, see the table above, so that the forces acting on the doors prevent the doors from being opened by anyone at any time. To prevent critical limits from being reached, the Scots are interrupting the shaft effect. About the height of a section, so from about 60 meters vertically, experience has shown that no effective slot effect. Thus, the bay effect is neutralized by the invention. This is independent of the fire condition. The manhole effect is interrupted in the normal state.
Im Brandzustand wird in den Zuluftschaft in bekannter weise über Ventilatoren Luft eingeblasen. Dies kann an beliebiger Stelle erfolgen. Es kann beispielsweise im Erdgeschoss erfolgen, es kann im obersten Geschoss erfolgen, es kann aber auch an einer Zwischenstelle erfolgen, beispielsweise in einem Technikgeschoss.In the fire, air is blown into the Zuluftschaft in a known manner via fans. This can be done anywhere. It can be done for example on the ground floor, it can be done on the top floor, but it can also be done at an intermediate point, for example in a technical floor.
Mit steigender Höhe nimmt der Luftdruck ab, dies kann mittels der barometrischen Höhenformel berechnet werden. In der obersten Etage des Gebäudes ist die Luft daher dünner als im Erdgeschoss. In dünnerer Luft fördert ein Ventilator bei gleicher Drehzahl ein geringeres Luftvolumen. Der barometrische Effekt kann computertechnisch korrigiert werden. Da man die Höhe der Brandetage kennt, können die Ventilatoren mit der entsprechenden Drehzahl betrieben werden, um den Volumenabfall nach der barometrische Höhenformel auszugleichen.With increasing altitude the air pressure decreases, this can be calculated by means of the barometric altitude formula. The air is therefore thinner on the top floor of the building than on the ground floor. In thinner air, a fan at the same speed promotes a smaller volume of air. The barometric effect can be corrected by computer. Knowing the height of the fire floor, the fans can be operated at the appropriate speed to compensate for the drop in volume according to the barometric altitude formula.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den übrigen Ansprüchen sowie der nun folgenden Beschreibung eines nicht einschränkend zu verstehenden Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung, das unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen im folgenden näher erläutert wird. In dieser Zeichnung zeigen :Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the other claims and the following description of a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, which is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. In this drawing show:
Fig. 1 : ein Schnittbild durch ein Teilstück eines Treppenraums eines Hochhauses mit einer Schnittlinie gemäß I-I in Figur 2,1 is a sectional view through a portion of a stairwell of a skyscraper with a section line according to I-I in Figure 2,
Fig. 2: ein Teilstück eines Etagenplans des Hochhauses für ein Geschoss, in dem sich ein Schott befindet, entsprechend der Schnittlinie H-II in Figur 1 und in etwa doppelt so großem Maßstab wie Fig. 1, undFig. 2: a portion of a floor plan of the high-rise building for a projectile in which there is a bulkhead, corresponding to the section line H-II in Figure 1 and about twice as large scale as in FIG. 1, and
Fig. 3: ein Schnittbild wie Fig. 1, jedoch ohne einzelne Details und nun mit einem oberen Abschluss und einem unteren Abschluss.Fig. 3: a sectional view as in Fig. 1, but without individual details and now with an upper end and a lower end.
Von einem Hochhaus ist in Figur 1 ein Treppenraum 38 dargestellt, der sich über die Etagen 14-33 (mit gezeichneter Unterbrechung zwischen 19 und 29) erstreckt. Er wird begrenzt durch Wände 40, 42, 44 und 46. Er hat eine Treppe 48. Sie besteht aus einzelnen Etagentreppen, die im gezeigten Beispiel jeweils als U- Treppe mit Halbpodest 50 ausgebildet sind. Zu jeder Etagentreppe gehört ein Treppenpodest 52, an das ein unterer Treppenlauf 54 anschließt, der in das Halbpodest 50 einmündet. Von diesem geht ein oberer Treppenlauf 56 bis zum nächsten darüberliegenden Treppenpodest der nächsten Etagentreppe. Zwischen den beiden Treppenläufen 54, 56 befindet sich ein Treppenauge, das normalerweise offen ist. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist es jedoch im Bereich zwischen den Etagen 15 und 16 sowie zwischen den Etagen 31 und 32 verschlossen.From a high-rise building a staircase 38 is shown in Figure 1, which extends over the floors 14-33 (with drawn interruption between 19 and 29). It is bounded by walls 40, 42, 44 and 46. It has a staircase 48. It consists of individual staircases, which are formed in the example shown as U-stairs with half-platform 50. To each landing staircase includes a landing 52, to which a lower staircase 54 connects, which opens into the half-platform 50. From this, an upper staircase 56 goes to the next overlying landing of the next landing stairs. Between the two staircases 54, 56 is a stairwell, which is normally open. In the embodiment shown, however, it is closed in the area between the floors 15 and 16 and between the floors 31 and 32.
Dies erfolgt durch jeweils einen Schott 58. Dieser Schott 58 hat eine Schottwand 60. Sie setzt sich der Form nach aus einem länglichen Rechteck und einem an einer Längsseite dieses Rechtecks angesetzten Dreieck zusammen. Die Schottwand 60 ist vertikal orientiert. Die nicht mit dem Rechteck verbundenen zwei Seiten des Dreiecks greifen in die Treppenaugen eines unteren Treppenlaufs 54 und des zugehörigen, oberen Treppenlaufs 56. Das beschriebene Rechteck verbindet die Halbpodeste 50 übereinander liegender Geschosse. Insgesamt wird eine mehr oder weniger dichte Unterteilung erreicht. In Figur 1 sind zwei derartige Schotten 58 gezeigt, der eine zwischen der 16. und 17. Etage, der andere zwischen der 31. und 32. Etage.This is done by a respective bulkhead 58. This bulkhead 58 has a bulkhead 60. It is composed in shape of an elongated rectangle and a triangle attached to one longitudinal side of this rectangle. The bulkhead 60 is oriented vertically. The two sides of the triangle not connected to the rectangle reach into the staircase eyes of a lower staircase 54 and the associated upper staircase 56. The described rectangle connects the half-platforms 50 of superimposed projectiles. Overall, a more or less dense subdivision is achieved. In Figure 1, two such bulkheads 58 are shown, one between the 16th and 17th floors, the other between the 31st and 32nd floors.
In die Schottwand 60 ist eine Tür 62 eingebaut. Ihr ist zweckmäßig ein Obentürschließer zugeordnet (nicht dargestellt). Weiterhin sind in die Schottwand 60 zwei barometrische Druckklappen 64 und 66 eingebaut. Sie arbeiten in unterschiedlichen Richtungen. Die Druckklappe 64 öffnet von unten nach oben, die Druckklappe 66 arbeitet in entgegengesetzter Richtung. Beide sind vorzugsweise baugleich. Sie sind nach dem Stand der Technik ausgebildet und eingestellt für ein selbsttätiges Öffnen bei einem vorgegebenen Druckwert, beispielsweise 50 Pa. Es ist möglich, beide Durchlassrichtungen in einer Druckklappe zu ralisieren.In the bulkhead 60, a door 62 is installed. It is expedient assigned an overhead door closer (not shown). Furthermore, 60 two barometric pressure flaps 64 and 66 are installed in the bulkhead. They work in different directions. The pressure flap 64 opens from bottom to top, the pressure flap 66 operates in the opposite direction. Both are preferably identical. They are formed according to the prior art and set for an automatic opening at a predetermined pressure value, for example 50 Pa. It is possible to ralisieren both passage directions in a pressure flap.
In bekannter Weise gelangt man vom Treppenpodest 52 über eine Treppenhaustür 68 in eine Schleuse 70 und von dieser über eine Eingangstür 72 in die zugehörige Etage. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Treppenhaustür 68 und die Tür 62 des Schotts 58 um eine halbe Etage versetzt. Dies ist nicht notwendig, auch andere Ausführungen sind möglich.In a known manner to get from the landing 52 via a stairwell door 68 in a lock 70 and from this via an entrance door 72 in the associated floor. In the illustrated embodiment, the stairwell door 68 and the door 62 of the bulkhead 58 are offset by half a floor. This is not necessary, other versions are possible.
In bekannter weise hat das Hochhaus einen Zuluftschacht 74. Wie der Treppenraum 38 erstreckt er sich über die gesamte Höhe des betrachteten Gebäudes, jedenfalls den betrachteten Abschnitt. Der Zuluftschacht 74 ist in bestimmten Abständen, beispielsweise aller drei bis acht Etagen, insbesondere in Technikgeschossen, über Einströmöffnungen bzw. Kanäle 76 mit dem Treppenraum 38 verbunden. Jedem Kanal 76 ist ein steuerbares Ventil 78 zugeordnet. Im Normalfall ist es geschlossen. Jedes einzelne Ventil 78 ist mit einer Steuereinheit 80 verbunden.In a known manner, the skyscraper has a Zuluftschacht 74. Like the stairwell 38, it extends over the entire height of the considered building, at least the considered section. The supply air shaft 74 is connected at certain intervals, for example every three to eight floors, in particular in technical floors, via inflow openings or channels 76 with the stairwell 38. Each channel 76 is associated with a controllable valve 78. Normally it is closed. Each individual valve 78 is connected to a control unit 80.
In bekannter Art wird der Zuluftschacht 74 mit Luft versorgt. Üblicherweise geschieht dies über mehrere Ventilatoren, die an unterschiedlicher Stelle angeordnet sein können. Beispielhaft ist in Figur 1 ein Ventilator 82 eingezeichnet, der über eine Leitung 84 bei Bedarf den Zuluftschacht 74 mit Luft beaufschlagt. Der Ventilator 82 wird von der Steuereinheit 80 gesteuert. Weiterhin ist eine Brandmeldeanlage 86 vorgesehen, sie erfasst einen Brandfall und gibt ein Brandsignal an die Steuereinheit 80, hierzu ist sie mit dieser elektrisch verbunden. Zur Brandmeldeanlage 86 gehören mehrere Brandmelder 88, die jeweils pro Etage vorgesehen sind und von denen nur einige beispielhaft dargestellt sind. Sie sind beispielsweise über einen Bus miteinander und mit der Brandmeldeanlage 86 verbunden. Spricht einer dieser Brandmelder 88 an, so liegen in der Brandmeldeanlage 86 die Informationen Brandfall und Angaben zur betroffenen Etage vor. Diese werden an die Steuereinheit 80 weitergegeben. Diese ermittelt nun, welcher Teilraum betroffen ist, fährt die Ventilatoren im benötigten Umfang und ggf. unter Berücksichtigung der Höhe hoch und öffnet diejenigen Ventile 78, die in den betroffenen Teilraum münden, ggf. nur einen Teil von ihnen. Dadurch wird im Teilraum der vorgeschriebene Überdruck erreicht.In a known manner, the supply air shaft 74 is supplied with air. Usually, this is done via multiple fans that can be arranged at different locations. By way of example, a fan 82 is shown in FIG. 1, which air acts on the supply air shaft 74 via a line 84 as required. The fan 82 is controlled by the control unit 80. Furthermore, a fire alarm system 86 is provided, it detects a fire and gives a fire signal to the control unit 80, this is electrically connected to this. The fire alarm system 86 includes a plurality of fire detectors 88, which are each provided per floor and of which only a few are shown by way of example. For example, they are connected to each other via a bus and to the fire alarm system 86. If one of these fire detectors 88 responds, the fire alarm system 86 contains the information about the fire and information on the affected floor. These are forwarded to the control unit 80. This now determines which subspace is affected, drives the fans to the required extent and possibly taking into account the height and opens those valves 78 that open into the affected subspace, possibly only a part of them. As a result, the prescribed overpressure is achieved in the subspace.
In den Treppenraum 38 kommt ausschließlich über die Luftzufuhr durch die Kanäle 76 und über den Zuluftschacht 74 Luft hinein. Es gibt keine anderen Zuluftquellen für den Treppenraum 38.Into the stairwell 38 is air only through the air supply through the channels 76 and 74 via the supply air shaft. There are no other sources of air supply for the stairwell 38.
Anhand von Figur 3 wird erläutert, wie der unterste Teilraum und der oberste Teilraum ausgebildet sind. Gezeigt sind die Geschosse 0 (Erdgeschoß), 1 und 2 für den unteren Teilraum und die Geschosse 90 bis 93 für den obersten Teilraum. Einzelheiten, wie sie sich aus Figur 1 ergeben und die Ausbildung des Zuluftschachtes, der Kanäle, Ventile und der Luftzufuhr in den Zuluftschacht 74 ergeben, sind in Figur 3 nicht dargestellt, um die Zeichnung zu vereinfachen. Sie sind allerdings vorhanden.It will be explained with reference to FIG. 3 how the lowest partial space and the uppermost partial space are formed. Shown are the floors 0 (ground floor), 1 and 2 for the lower subspace and the floors 90 to 93 for the uppermost subspace. Details, as shown in Figure 1 and the formation of the supply air duct, the channels, valves and the air supply in the supply air duct 74 are not shown in Figure 3 in order to simplify the drawing. They are present, however.
Oberhalb des letzten, normal nutzbaren Geschosses, hier als der Etage 93, befindet sich ein Schott 58. In bekannter Weise hat dieses Schott 58 eine Schottwand, wie sie in Figur 1 beschrieben ist, es ist in ihr eine Tür 62 vorgesehen. Eine derartige Tür kann entfallen, wenn man in den Raum oberhalb der Etage 93 nicht über das Treppenhaus, sondern beispielsweise über andere Zugänge, gelangen kann. In der Schottwand 60 ist auch eine barometrische Druckklappe 64 eingebaut, die also von unten nach oben öffnet. Eine Druckklappe in die andere Richtung ist ausdrücklich nicht vorgesehen. Dies bedeutet, dass über den obersten Schott ausschließlich Luft nach oben entweichen kann, aber von oben, also oberhalb der Etage 93, keine Luft zuströmen kann. Oberhalb des obersten Schotts 58 befindet sich ein Raum 101. Er hat etwa die Höhe einer Etage. Oberhalb dieses Raumes befindet sich ein Dach 102. Im Dach 102 ist eine Lüftungsklappe 103 angeordnet. Sie entspricht dem Stand der Technik. Über sie ist lediglich ein Abströmen nach oben möglich.Above the last, normally usable projectile, here as the floor 93, there is a bulkhead 58. In a known manner, this bulkhead 58 has a bulkhead wall, as described in FIG. 1, a door 62 being provided in it. Such a door can be omitted if you can not get into the room above the floor 93 via the stairwell, but for example via other entrances. In the bulkhead 60, a barometric pressure flap 64 is installed, which therefore opens from bottom to top. A pressure flap in the other direction is expressly not provided. This means that over the top bulkhead only air can escape upwards, but from above, so above the floor 93, no air can flow. Above the uppermost bulkhead 58 is a room 101. It is about the height of a floor. Above this room there is a roof 102. In the roof 102, a ventilation flap 103 is arranged. It corresponds to the state of the art. About them is only an upward flow possible.
Im Erdgeschoss ist eine Eingangstür 110 vorgesehen, über sie erreicht man einen Ausgangsbereich 111. Dieser ist zur Seite des Hauses hin über eine innere Zugangstür 112 abgeschlossen. Man muss beide Türen 110, 112 passieren, um in den Treppenraum 38 zu gelangen. Hinter der Zugangstür 112 befindet sich ein Eingangsbereich 114. Von diesem aus wird ein unterer Raum 131 des Treppenraums 38 über eine Tür 62 erreicht. Sie ist in einem Schott 58 angeordnet, das den Eingangsbereich 114 vom unteren Raum 131 abtrennt. In der zugehörigen Schottwand 60 ist eine barometrische Druckklappe 66 angeordnet, die eine Abströmung lediglich von oben nach unten erlaubt. Es ist auch möglich, die eben beschriebene Schottwand zwischen der ersten und zweiten Etage oder der zweiten und dritten Etage anzuordnen.On the ground floor an entrance door 110 is provided, via which one reaches an exit area 111. This is closed off to the side of the house via an inner access door 112. You have to pass both doors 110, 112 to get into the stairwell 38. Behind the access door 112 is an entrance area 114. From this, a lower space 131 of the stairwell 38 is reached via a door 62. It is arranged in a bulkhead 58, which separates the input area 114 from the lower space 131. In the associated bulkhead 60, a barometric pressure flap 66 is arranged, which allows an outflow only from top to bottom. It is also possible to arrange the partition wall just described between the first and second floor or the second and third floor.
Eine beliebige Kombination von Merkmalen, insbesondere von einzelnen Merkmalen und Untermerkmalen der Patentansprüche und/oder der Beschreibung, bleibt vorbehalten. Any combination of features, in particular of individual features and sub-features of the claims and / or the description remains reserved.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Hochhaus mit einem Treppenraum (38), einem Zuluftschacht (74), Einströmöffnungen (76), die den Zuluftschacht (74) mit dem Treppenraum (38) verbinden und einer Druckanlage zur Rauchfreihaltung des Treppenraums (38), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Treppenraum (38) durch mindestens einen Schott (58) vertikal in mehrere Teilräume unterteilt ist, und dass jeder Schott (58) eine Tür hat, die eine Passage von einem Teilraum des Treppenraums (38) in den benachbarten Teilraum ermöglicht.1. skyscraper with a stairwell (38), a Zuluftschacht (74), inflow openings (76) connecting the Zuluftschacht (74) with the stairwell (38) and a pressure system for keeping smoke of the stairwell (38), characterized in that Stair space (38) by at least one bulkhead (58) is divided vertically into a plurality of subspaces, and that each bulkhead (58) has a door that allows passage from a subspace of the stairwell (38) in the adjacent subspace.
2. Hochhaus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Teilraum über zehn bis dreißig Etagen, vorzugsweise über fünfzehn bis zwanzig Etagen erstreckt.2. skyscraper according to claim 1, characterized in that the subspace extends over ten to thirty floors, preferably over fifteen to twenty floors.
3. Hochhaus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schott (58) mindestens eine Druckklappe (64) aufweist.3. skyscraper according to claim 1, characterized in that the bulkhead (58) has at least one pressure flap (64).
4. Hochhaus nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckklappe eine barometrische Druckklappe (64) ist4. skyscraper according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure flap is a barometric pressure flap (64)
5. Hochhaus nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schott (58) zwei Druckklappen (64, 66) aufweist, die in unterschiedlichen Strömungsrichtungen angeordnet sind.5. skyscraper according to claim 2, characterized in that the bulkhead (58) has two pressure flaps (64, 66) which are arranged in different flow directions.
6. Hochhaus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tür (62) in Fluchtrichtung öffnet und insbesondere eine angeschlagene Tür oder eine Pendeltür ist.6. skyscraper according to claim 1, characterized in that the door (62) opens in the direction of escape and in particular is a battered door or a swing door.
7. Hochhaus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tür (62) eines Schotts (58) normalerweise in der Öffnungsstellung ist, und dass bei einer Brandmeldung die Tür in die Fließstellung bewegt wird.7. skyscraper according to claim 1, characterized in that the door (62) of a bulkhead (58) is normally in the open position, and that in a fire alarm, the door is moved to the flow position.
8. Hochhaus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schott (58) im Normalfall nur unvollständig ausgebildet ist, und dass in einem Brandfall der Schott (58) mechanisch erstellt wird. 8. skyscraper according to claim 1, characterized in that the bulkhead (58) is normally formed only incomplete, and that in a fire, the bulkhead (58) is mechanically created.
9. Hochhaus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Brandmeldeanlage (86) aufweist, dass es eine Steuereinheit (80) hat, dass die Steuereinheit (80) mit der Brandmeldeanlage (86) verbunden ist, dass die Steuereinheit (80) die Luftströme durch die Einströmöffnungen (76) derart steuert, dass nur der Teilraum des Treppenraums (38), in dessen Höhe sich der Brandherd befindet, mit Luft beaufschlagt wird.9. skyscraper according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a fire alarm system (86) that it has a control unit (80) that the control unit (80) with the fire alarm system (86) is connected, that the control unit (80) the Air flows through the inlet openings (76) controls such that only the subspace of the stairwell (38), at the height of which the fire is located, is supplied with air.
10. Hochhaus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zuluftschaft (74) mit jedem einzelnen Teilraum über mindestens eine der Einströmöffnungen (76) verbunden ist, dem ein Ventil (78) zugeordnet ist, das den Durchlass durch die Einströmöffnungen (76) steuert und mit der Steuereinheit (80) verbunden ist.10. skyscraper according to claim 1, characterized in that the Zuluftschaft (74) is connected to each individual subspace via at least one of the inflow openings (76), which is associated with a valve (78) which controls the passage through the inlet openings (76) and connected to the control unit (80).
11. Hochhaus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brandmeldeanlage (86) mehrere Brandmelder (88) aufweist und so ausgelegt ist, dass die Etage, in dem ein Brandfall auftritt, erfassbar ist.11. skyscraper according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire alarm system (86) has a plurality of fire detectors (88) and is designed so that the floor in which a fire occurs, is detectable.
12. Hochhaus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Steuereinheit (80) hat, und dass in dieser eine Information abgespeichert ist, welche Etagen (14-33) zu welchem Teilraum des Treppenhauses (38) gehören. 12. skyscraper according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a control unit (80), and in that an information is stored, which floors (14-33) belong to which subspace of the staircase (38).
EP09736194A 2008-10-08 2009-10-08 High rise building with a stair well and a intake air shaft Active EP2337912B1 (en)

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PL09736194T PL2337912T3 (en) 2008-10-08 2009-10-08 High rise building with a stair well and a intake air shaft

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102008050438 2008-10-08
PCT/EP2009/063129 WO2010040814A1 (en) 2008-10-08 2009-10-08 High rise building with a stair well and a intake air shaft

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EP2337912A1 true EP2337912A1 (en) 2011-06-29
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EP (1) EP2337912B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5447529B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101259311B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102177301B (en)
AU (1) AU2009301094B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0914057A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2739363A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2010040814A1 (en)

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NZ592144A (en) 2013-01-25
KR101259311B1 (en) 2013-05-06
BRPI0914057A2 (en) 2015-11-03
KR20110065555A (en) 2011-06-15
JP2012504994A (en) 2012-03-01
CN102177301B (en) 2013-09-11
AU2009301094B2 (en) 2015-08-27
PL2337912T3 (en) 2013-06-28
AU2009301094A1 (en) 2010-04-15
US20110179732A1 (en) 2011-07-28
ES2403631T3 (en) 2013-05-20
EP2337912B1 (en) 2013-01-23
CN102177301A (en) 2011-09-07
WO2010040814A1 (en) 2010-04-15
CA2739363A1 (en) 2010-04-15
JP5447529B2 (en) 2014-03-19
US9187918B2 (en) 2015-11-17

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