JPS587304B2 - Smoke-proof evacuation equipment for high-rise buildings - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to smoke-proof evacuation equipment for high-rise buildings, and in the event of a fire breaking out inside a high-rise building, the temperature of the air inside the evacuation staircase and the temperature of the outside air sent in by a blower are approximately equalized. in,
This relates to smoke-proof evacuation equipment for high-rise buildings that eliminates the change in air pressure between the air and the outside air, eliminates the so-called chimney effect, and allows the blower to fully utilize its predetermined capacity to always provide the performance as designed. It is.

Recently, construction of high-rise buildings and skyscrapers has become popular, and if a fire breaks out in these high-rise buildings, evacuation stairwells, elevator passages, etc. that communicate with the upper and lower floors are likely to become smoke ducts.

From the standpoint of safe evacuation, it is absolutely necessary to prevent smoke from entering not only the evacuation stairwell, but also the evacuation passages such as the evacuation stairway annexes and the emergency elevators connected thereto.

For this reason, in the event of a fire, smoke-proof evacuation equipment forcibly injects outside air into evacuation passages such as evacuation stairwells to increase the static pressure within the evacuation passage, preventing smoke, hot air, etc. from flowing into the evacuation passage from indoors. For example, Japanese Patent No. 776799 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-35779), Japanese Patent Publication No. 44-12960, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 49-119415 have been proposed.

In the above-mentioned system that prevents smoke from entering by setting the static pressure inside the evacuation staircase, which is an evacuation route, at a higher pressure than the interior of a high-rise building, while sending the minimum required amount of outside air into the evacuation staircase,
A blower system capable of maintaining a suitable internal pressure must be provided.

Although the capacity of the blower varies slightly depending on the volume of the evacuation stairwell of a building, the height of the evacuation stairwell is assumed to be 100 m, and a fire can occur indoors on one of the many floors. Assuming one location, the air pressure at the outlet of the blower is approximately 15 mm to 20 mm in water column, and the air volume is 800 m3/m
It will be about in~1000m3/min.

However, these values are based on the case where the evacuation stairwell is not affected by pressure from other sources above and below, and in actual cases, it may vary depending on the height of the building, the temperature difference between the indoor air temperature and the outside air temperature, etc. Measures must be taken because of the resulting pressure effect called the chimney effect.

Assuming that the temperature inside the evacuation staircase is the same as that inside the room, the magnitude of the pressure caused by the chimney effect when there is a temperature difference between the room temperature inside the building and the outside air can be calculated using the following equation.

In the above formula, △P ~ differential pressure generated between the upper and lower ends of the evacuation passage, (mmA
g) H ~ Height of evacuation staircase (m) γ ~ Density of air at outside temperature (kg/m2) Temperature and room temperature are divided into winter and summer and assumed as follows.

Assuming that the height between the top and bottom of the evacuation staircase is 100 m, and calculating by inserting the above values into the formula for calculating the differential pressure that occurs between the upper and lower ends of the evacuation staircase, △P in winter becomes.

In other words, in winter, the height at the bottom of the evacuation staircase is 9.62 mm.
Ag pressure exists, and in the summer there is a negative pressure of 2.33 mmAg, and these pressures are considerably large compared to the pressure of the blower capacity mentioned above, and it is unlikely that a fire will occur. Since it is not known when and on which floor a fire will occur, it is impossible to predict the extent of the chimney effect when a fire breaks out, making it difficult to design a blower, and even if you are forced to design, manufacture and install it, and use it, it will never be possible. It is doubtful whether it will be possible to achieve good results.

The present invention has been created in view of the above, and is designed to constantly eliminate the occurrence of chimney effects in evacuation stairwells. In addition to installing smoke exhaust dampers on each floor that only open when a fire breaks out near the location of the fire on the floor, the smoke dampers are operated only when a fire breaks out, and the static pressure inside the evacuation stairway is made higher than the static pressure inside a high-rise building. A blower is installed inside the evacuation stairway to prevent smoke from entering the evacuation stairway. The purpose is to have a heating and cooling system that operates so that the temperature is approximately equal to the temperature of the outside air.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Reference numeral 1 indicates the main body of the high-rise building, 2 indicates the interior of each floor, 3 indicates the evacuation staircase room, 4 indicates the evacuation staircase annex, 5 indicates the emergency elevator, and 6 indicates the evacuation. A self-closing fire door installed between the evacuation stairway annex and the room that closes automatically in the event of a fire; 7 is a special fire door installed between the evacuation stairway annex and the room; it has an evacuation escape port; At the entrance, a heat-resistant banner is installed on the annex room 4 side instead of on the indoor 2 side, 8 is an outside air blower with an automatic opening/closing damper at the air outlet used in the event of a fire, 9 is an air conditioner and heater installed inside the evacuation staircase, 10 is the entrance/exit of the building on the first floor, 11 is a smoke exhaust shaft in the event of a fire outbreak, and 12 is a smoke exhaust damper in each floor that is attached to the smoke exhaust shaft, and only those close to the fire outbreak location on the floor where the fire occurs are opened in the event of a fire outbreak. .

As a means to eliminate the chimney effect, an air conditioner/heater 9 is installed in the evacuation stair room 3, and when the room 2 is being heated in winter, the air conditioner/heater 9 is used to cool the evacuation stair room 3. , the temperature inside the evacuation stairwell room 3 is lowered until it almost matches the outside temperature, and when the indoor room 2 is being cooled in the summer, the air conditioner/heater 9 is turned on inside the evacuation stairway room 3.
It is controlled so that the temperature inside the evacuation stairwell room 3 is raised until it almost matches the outside temperature, and a normal state is achieved.

In the above-mentioned equipment, during normal times, the air temperature in the evacuation stairwell 3 is kept almost equal to the outside air temperature using a dedicated air conditioner 9, in order to eliminate the chimney effect.

In the event that a fire breaks out indoors on any floor, the blower 8 is immediately started, the outlet damper of the blower is opened to blow air, and the fire door 6 is only opened on the floor where the fire occurred, leaving the other doors open. The fire door 6 on the floor will not be opened or closed.

However, the fire door 6, door 7, and entrance/exit 10 on the first floor are opened and closed as necessary for the entry and exit of fire personnel, etc.

When the special fire door 7 installed between the evacuation staircase annex 4 on the fire floor and the indoor room 2 is closed, a portion of the air blown by the blower 8 will fill the annex 4 on the fire floor, increasing the static pressure at the same time. Therefore, even if someone escapes into the annex 4 through the evacuation exit of the fire door 7, smoke from the room 2 will not infiltrate into the annex 4 as well as into the evacuation stairwell 3.

Furthermore, since the inside of the attached room 4 is pressurized, the emergency elevator shaft is also pressurized, and smoke can be prevented from entering the room.

Therefore, the above-mentioned patent No. 776799 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-35
It is now possible to eliminate the chimney effect, which could not be eliminated with the smoke-proof evacuation equipment proposed in No. 779).

As explained above, the present invention provides a smoke exhaust damper in each floor, which is attached to a smoke exhaust shaft and opens only when a fire occurs near the location of the fire on the floor where the fire broke out, and which is operated only when a fire breaks out, and which is installed in the evacuation stairs. By installing a blower that prevents smoke from entering the evacuation stairway by increasing the static pressure above the indoor static pressure of a high-rise building, smoke on the floor where the fire occurred is exhausted toward the smoke exhaust shaft through the smoke exhaust damper. Since the pressure is applied to the smoke and it does not flow to other floors at all, in the event of a fire, you can safely evacuate without being engulfed in smoke.

Then, inside the evacuation stairway, only the stairway is heated and cooled, and when heating the room of a high-rise building, air conditioning is applied, and when the room is being cooled, heating is performed, so that the temperature inside the evacuation stairway becomes approximately equal to the temperature of the outside air. Equipped with a working air conditioning system, the chimney effect is eliminated, and in the event of a fire, the blower is operated to create high pressure inside the evacuation stairway, providing a smoke prevention effect, both in summer and winter. It is possible to operate smoke evacuation equipment in an appropriate condition as designed, and there is no need to increase the amount of air blown by the blower as smoke prevention evacuation equipment, so the motor and other equipment that drives the blower can be kept to a minimum. The equipment cost is low because it can be used with any type of equipment, and the power consumption can be kept to the minimum necessary, and the waste heat inside the room can be exchanged with the air conditioner/heater in the evacuation compartment, making waste heat effective. can be used.

In addition, since the evacuation stairway is rarely used, even if the temperature inside the evacuation stairway is the same as the outside air, it will have little effect on residents in buildings such as high-rise buildings.In the event of a fire, the temperature inside the evacuation stairway will be Even if the temperature is different from that of , it is not an inconvenience because this is an emergency case.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings are examples, and FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a high-rise building equipped with the smoke-proof evacuation system of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan cross-sectional view of a standard floor of a high-rise building equipped with the smoke-proof evacuation system of the present invention. This shows that. 1...High-rise building main body, 2...Indoors on each floor, 3...Evacuation stairway room, 4...Evacuation stairway annex, 5... ...Emergency elevator, 6...
...Self-closing fire door, 7...Special fire door,
8... Outside air blower used in case of fire, 9...
...Air conditioner and heater installed inside the evacuation staircase, 10...
・Building entrance on the 1st floor, 11...Smoke exhaust shaft in the event of a fire, 12...Smoke exhaust damper inside each floor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In the event of a fire breaking out indoors in a high-rise building, a smoke damper will be installed on each floor that is attached to the smoke exhaust shaft and only opens in the event of a fire near the location of the fire on the floor where the fire broke out, as well as a smoke damper that will be operated only in the event of a fire and will be installed inside the evacuation stairs. A blower is installed to prevent smoke from entering the evacuation stairway by raising the static pressure of the evacuation stairway higher than that of the interior of the high-rise building. Cool when heating,
A smoke-proof evacuation facility for a high-rise building, characterized in that it is equipped with an air-conditioning device that performs heating when cooling the room so that the temperature inside the evacuation staircase becomes approximately equal to the temperature of the outside air.