JP4055128B2 - Pressurized smoke prevention system - Google Patents

Pressurized smoke prevention system Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4055128B2
JP4055128B2 JP2003101828A JP2003101828A JP4055128B2 JP 4055128 B2 JP4055128 B2 JP 4055128B2 JP 2003101828 A JP2003101828 A JP 2003101828A JP 2003101828 A JP2003101828 A JP 2003101828A JP 4055128 B2 JP4055128 B2 JP 4055128B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
elevator shaft
internal pressure
room
pressure
smoke
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Expired - Lifetime
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JP2003101828A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004305379A (en
Inventor
正之 広田
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Shimizu Corp
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Shimizu Corp
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Priority to JP2003101828A priority Critical patent/JP4055128B2/en
Publication of JP2004305379A publication Critical patent/JP2004305379A/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は建物の防災システムに係わり、特に避難経路となる階段の附室およびエレベータシャフトを加圧する加圧防煙システムに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
周知のように、加圧防煙システムは、火災時に避難経路となる階段やその附室およびエレベータシャフトに煙が流入することを防止して安全な避難経路を確保するべく、附室およびエレベータシャフトに強制的に給気して加圧するようにしたものである。
【0003】
図2はその概要を示すもので、符号1は廊下、2は階段室、3はその附室、4はエレベータシャフトであり、火災時には附室3とエレベータシャフト4に対して給気ファン5により外気を給気してその内圧を高めることにより、(a)に示しているように廊下1から附室3に通じる避難扉6が開かれた際には附室3から廊下1へ空気が流出し、したがって附室3内に煙が流入することが防止されるようになっている。
【0004】
このような加圧防煙システムでは、煙の流入を防止するうえでは附室3の内圧を充分に高く設定することが有利であるが、附室3の内圧が過度に高くなると避難の際に避難扉6を開き難くなるので避難に支障を来すことも想定されるから、附室3が密閉されている状態ではその内圧が過度に大きくなることを防止する必要がある。
【0005】
そのため、従来においては、附室3の内圧をセンサーにより検出して内圧を適正に維持するように給気ファン5を制御したり、あるいは図2に示しているように附室3の外壁面に圧力逃がし窓7を設けたり、附室3に隣接する位置に立シャフト8を設けておいて、(b)に示すように附室3が密閉されている状態では圧力逃がし窓7や立シャフト8を通して余剰空気を外部に放出することにより内圧を適正に維持することが行われている。
【0006】
また、同様の目的で、特許文献1には、廊下1と附室3との間の避難扉を親扉と子扉により構成し、親扉は通常のように避難方向(附室側)に開くようにするが、子扉はスプリングに抗して外側(廊下側)に開くようにして余剰空気を廊下1に逃がす構造の防火扉も提案されている
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−70390号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、附室3の内圧を適正に維持するための上記各手法はいずれも次のような問題がある。すなわち、附室3の内圧をセンサーにより検出して給気ファン5を制御することは、そのためにセンサーやインバーター等の高度の制御機構を必要とし、したがってシステム全体が複雑化し、コスト増の要因となる。また、余剰空気を外部に直接的に逃がすために圧力逃がし窓7を外壁に設けることは、建物の外観に影響が及ぶので意匠的に許されない場合があるし、余計な雨仕舞も必要となることからも好ましくない。また、圧力を逃がすための立シャフト8を建物の内部に設けることは、そのためのスペースを確保する必要があるから、その分の有効床面積が無駄になる。さらに、特許文献1に示される構造の防火扉では、子扉が外側に開かれた状態では廊下1と附室3との間に完全な防火区画を形成できないことになり、やはり好ましくない。
【0009】
上記事情に鑑み、本発明は附室の内圧を適正に維持し得る簡便にして有効適切な加圧防煙システムを提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の発明は、火災時に避難経路となる階段の附室とエレベータシャフトに給気して加圧することにより、それら附室とエレベータシャフトに煙が流入することを防止する加圧防煙システムにおいて、附室とエレベータシャフトとを隣接配置して、エレベータシャフトの内圧を附室の内圧よりも同等ないしそれ以下となるように制御し、かつ、それら附室とエレベータシャフトとの間に、附室からエレベータシャフトに圧力を逃がすことにより附室内を設定圧に維持するバイパスダンパーを設けたことを特徴とする。
【0011】
請求項2の発明は、請求項1の発明の加圧防煙システムにおいて、バイパスダンパーは、附室とエレベータシャフトとの間に一定以上の差圧が生じた際に作動する差圧ダンパーであることを特徴とする。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は本発明の実施形態である加圧防煙システムの概要を示すものである。これは、図2に示した従来の加圧防煙システムと同様に、給気ファン5により外気を供給することで附室3およびエレベータシャフト4を加圧するものであるが、本実施形態では、隣接配置されている附室3とエレベータシャフト4との間にバイパスダンパー10を設けておいて、附室3の内圧が設定圧以上となった際にはそのバイパスダンパー10によって附室3からエレベータシャフト4に余剰空気を逃がすようにしており、それにより内圧を設定圧に維持して過度に高くなることを防止するようにしている。
【0013】
本実施形態におけるバイパスダンパー10としては、附室3とエレベータシャフト4との間に一定以上の差圧が生じた際に自ずと作動する差圧ダンパーが採用されている。すなわち、このバイパスダンパー10は、附室3の内圧が適正に維持されている場合には閉じているが、図1(b)に示すように附室3が密閉状態になってその内圧が高まった場合には、附室3とエレベータシャフト4の間の差圧が一定以上になった時点でバイパスダンパー10が自ずと開かれ、それにより余剰空気が附室3からエレベータシャフト4に流出して附室3の内圧が低下し、それによる差圧の解消によりバイパスダンパー10は自ずと閉じるようになっている。そして、バイパスダンパー10のそのような動作により附室3は適度の加圧状態に維持されるから、その状態で(a)に示すように附室3の避難扉6が開かれると、附室3から廊下1に空気が流出することで煙の流入が防止されることになる。
【0014】
このように、本実施形態の加圧防煙システムでは、バイパスダンパー10の作動によって附室3の内圧が制限されることにより、附室3の内圧が避難扉6の開放に支障を来すまでに上昇してしまうことが確実に防止され、かつ煙の流入を防止するに必要な適度の加圧状態に自ずと維持されることになる。
【0015】
したがって、本実施形態の加圧防煙システムによれば、附室3とエレベータシャフト4との間に単にバイパスダンパー10を設けることのみで、附室3の内圧を常に適正に維持できることはもとより、従来のように附室3の内圧を検出して給気ファン5を制御するといった複雑な制御は不要であるし、また余剰空気を外部に放出するための圧力逃がし窓7を外壁に設けたり、そのための立シャフト8を建物の内部に設けるような必要もないから、内圧維持のための従来の手法における問題をことごとく解消させることができ、極めて有効である。
【0016】
また、上記のように附室3が密閉状態にあるときにはバイパスダンパー10を通して附室3からエレベータシャフト4に自ずと余剰空気が流入することで、エレベータシャフト4が自ずと加圧されることになるから、附室3を加圧するに要する給気の一部をエレベータシャフト4を加圧するための給気としても利用できることになる。
【0017】
なお、本実施形態におけるバイパスダンパー10としては、上記のように作動して附室3の内圧を適正に維持し得るものであれば適宜の形式のものが採用可能であるが、常時はカウンタウエイトの自重によって弁体が閉じており、弁体の両側に所定以上の差圧が生じるとカウンタウエイトの自重に抗して弁体が自ずと開かれる構成の重力機構による差圧ダンパーが好適に採用可能である。また、そのバイパスダンパー10にはエレベータシャフト4から附室3への逆流を防止する機構を備えることが好ましい。
【0018】
また、エレベータシャフト4の内圧については特に複雑な制御は必要としないが、エレベータシャフト4の内圧が附室3の内圧よりも高い場合にはバイパスダンパー10が作動し得ないから、エレベータシャフト4の内圧は附室3の内圧よりも同等ないしそれ以下となるように制御する必要がある。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
請求項1の発明は、附室とエレベータシャフトとを隣接配置して、エレベータシャフトの内圧を附室の内圧よりも同等ないしそれ以下となるように制御し、それら附室とエレベータシャフトとの間に設けたバイパスダンパーにより附室からエレベータシャフトに圧力を逃がすことで附室内を設定圧に維持するようにしたので、複雑な制御や格別の機構、スペースを一切必要とすることなく、附室の内圧を常に適正に維持することができ、附室およびエレベータシャフトを加圧する加圧防煙システムとして極めて有効である。
【0020】
請求項2の発明は、附室とエレベータシャフトとの間に設けるバイパスダンパーとして、一定以上の差圧が生じた際に作動する差圧ダンパーを採用したので、複雑な制御機構を必要とすることなくバイパスダンパー自体が自ずと作動して附室の内圧を常に自ずと適正に維持することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の実施形態である防煙システムの概要を示す図である。
【図2】 従来の防煙システムの概要を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 廊下
2 階段室
3 附室
4 エレベータシャフト
5 給気ファン
6 避難扉
10 バイパスダンパー
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a building disaster prevention system, and more particularly, to a pressurized smoke prevention system that pressurizes a staircase room and an elevator shaft that serve as an escape route.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, the pressurized smoke-proof system is designed to prevent the smoke from flowing into the stairs that are used as an evacuation route in the event of a fire, the accompanying room, and the elevator shaft, thereby ensuring a safe evacuation route. The air is forcibly supplied and pressurized.
[0003]
FIG. 2 shows an outline thereof, in which reference numeral 1 is a corridor, 2 is a staircase, 3 is an ancillary room, 4 is an elevator shaft, and an air supply fan 5 is provided to the ancillary room 3 and the elevator shaft 4 in the event of a fire. By supplying outside air and increasing its internal pressure, when the evacuation door 6 leading from the corridor 1 to the annex 3 is opened as shown in (a), air flows out from the annex 3 to the corridor 1. Therefore, smoke is prevented from flowing into the ancillary room 3.
[0004]
In such a pressurized smoke prevention system, it is advantageous to set the internal pressure of the chamber 3 sufficiently high in order to prevent the inflow of smoke. However, if the internal pressure of the chamber 3 becomes excessively high, the evacuation will occur. Since it is difficult to open the evacuation door 6, it may be difficult to evacuate. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the internal pressure from becoming excessively large when the ancillary chamber 3 is sealed.
[0005]
Therefore, conventionally, the air supply fan 5 is controlled so that the internal pressure of the chamber 3 is detected by a sensor and the internal pressure is properly maintained, or as shown in FIG. In the state where the pressure relief window 7 is provided or the vertical shaft 8 is provided at a position adjacent to the auxiliary chamber 3 and the auxiliary chamber 3 is sealed as shown in FIG. The internal pressure is properly maintained by discharging excess air to the outside.
[0006]
For the same purpose, in Patent Document 1, the evacuation door between the corridor 1 and the ancillary room 3 is constituted by a main door and a child door, and the main door is in the evacuation direction (the ancillary room side) as usual. A fire door having a structure in which excess air is allowed to escape to the hallway 1 by opening the child door to the outside (hallway side) against the spring is proposed.
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-70390 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, each of the above methods for properly maintaining the internal pressure of the attached room 3 has the following problems. That is, controlling the air supply fan 5 by detecting the internal pressure of the attached room 3 with a sensor requires an advanced control mechanism such as a sensor or an inverter, which complicates the entire system and increases costs. Become. In addition, providing the pressure relief window 7 on the outer wall in order to allow excess air to escape directly to the outside affects the exterior of the building and may not be allowed in design, and requires extra rain. This is also not preferable. In addition, providing the standing shaft 8 for releasing the pressure inside the building requires a space for that purpose, and the corresponding effective floor area is wasted. Furthermore, the fire door having the structure shown in Patent Document 1 is not preferable because a complete fire compartment cannot be formed between the corridor 1 and the attached room 3 when the child door is opened outward.
[0009]
In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a simple, effective and appropriate pressurized smoke-proofing system that can appropriately maintain the internal pressure of the attached room.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention of claim 1 is a pressurized smoke prevention system for preventing smoke from flowing into the ancillary room and the elevator shaft by supplying and pressurizing the ancillary room and the elevator shaft as evacuation routes in the event of a fire. In this case, the ancillary room and the elevator shaft are arranged adjacent to each other, and the internal pressure of the elevator shaft is controlled to be equal to or lower than the internal pressure of the ancillary room, and between the ancillary room and the elevator shaft, A bypass damper is provided that maintains the interior pressure at a set pressure by releasing pressure from the chamber to the elevator shaft.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the pressurized smoke-proof system according to the first aspect of the invention, the bypass damper is a differential pressure damper that operates when a certain pressure difference or more is generated between the auxiliary chamber and the elevator shaft. It is characterized by that.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an outline of a pressurized smoke-proof system according to an embodiment of the present invention. This is to pressurize the auxiliary chamber 3 and the elevator shaft 4 by supplying outside air by the air supply fan 5 as in the conventional pressurized smoke prevention system shown in FIG. 2, but in this embodiment, A bypass damper 10 is provided between the adjoining chamber 3 and the elevator shaft 4, and when the internal pressure of the annex chamber 3 becomes equal to or higher than a set pressure, the bypass damper 10 causes the elevator 3 to move from the elevator 3 to the elevator shaft 4. Excess air is allowed to escape to the shaft 4, whereby the internal pressure is maintained at the set pressure to prevent it from becoming excessively high.
[0013]
As the bypass damper 10 in the present embodiment, a differential pressure damper that automatically operates when a certain pressure difference or more occurs between the auxiliary chamber 3 and the elevator shaft 4 is employed. That is, the bypass damper 10 is closed when the internal pressure of the auxiliary chamber 3 is properly maintained, but as shown in FIG. 1B, the auxiliary chamber 3 is hermetically sealed and the internal pressure is increased. In such a case, when the pressure difference between the auxiliary chamber 3 and the elevator shaft 4 exceeds a certain level, the bypass damper 10 is automatically opened, so that excess air flows out of the auxiliary chamber 3 to the elevator shaft 4 and is attached. The internal pressure of the chamber 3 decreases, and the bypass damper 10 is automatically closed by eliminating the differential pressure. Then, the chamber 3 is maintained in a moderately pressurized state by such an operation of the bypass damper 10, and therefore, when the escape door 6 of the chamber 3 is opened as shown in FIG. Inflow of smoke from 3 to the corridor 1 is prevented.
[0014]
As described above, in the pressurized smoke-proof system according to the present embodiment, the internal pressure of the auxiliary chamber 3 is limited by the operation of the bypass damper 10, so that the internal pressure of the auxiliary chamber 3 interferes with the opening of the escape door 6. Is reliably prevented, and the pressure is naturally maintained at an appropriate pressure necessary to prevent the inflow of smoke.
[0015]
Therefore, according to the pressurized smoke-proof system of the present embodiment, the internal pressure of the auxiliary chamber 3 can always be properly maintained by simply providing the bypass damper 10 between the auxiliary chamber 3 and the elevator shaft 4. Complex control such as detecting the internal pressure of the auxiliary chamber 3 and controlling the air supply fan 5 as in the prior art is unnecessary, and a pressure relief window 7 for discharging excess air to the outside is provided on the outer wall. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide the vertical shaft 8 inside the building, so that all the problems in the conventional method for maintaining the internal pressure can be solved, which is extremely effective.
[0016]
In addition, when the auxiliary chamber 3 is in a sealed state as described above, excess air naturally flows into the elevator shaft 4 from the auxiliary chamber 3 through the bypass damper 10, so that the elevator shaft 4 is naturally pressurized. A part of the air supply required to pressurize the auxiliary chamber 3 can also be used as the air supply for pressurizing the elevator shaft 4.
[0017]
As the bypass damper 10 in the present embodiment, an appropriate type can be adopted as long as it operates as described above and can maintain the internal pressure of the auxiliary chamber 3 appropriately. The valve body is closed due to its own weight, and a differential pressure damper with a gravity mechanism that allows the valve body to open itself against the weight of the counterweight when a differential pressure greater than a predetermined value occurs on both sides of the valve body can be suitably used It is. Further, the bypass damper 10 is preferably provided with a mechanism for preventing a back flow from the elevator shaft 4 to the auxiliary chamber 3.
[0018]
Further, the internal pressure of the elevator shaft 4 does not require particularly complicated control. However, when the internal pressure of the elevator shaft 4 is higher than the internal pressure of the auxiliary chamber 3, the bypass damper 10 cannot be operated. It is necessary to control the internal pressure so that it is equal to or less than the internal pressure of the auxiliary chamber 3.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the auxiliary chamber and the elevator shaft are arranged adjacent to each other, and the internal pressure of the elevator shaft is controlled to be equal to or lower than the internal pressure of the auxiliary chamber, and between the auxiliary chamber and the elevator shaft is controlled. Because the bypass damper provided in the building allows the pressure to escape from the annex to the elevator shaft, the annex is maintained at the set pressure, so there is no need for complicated controls, special mechanisms, or spaces. The internal pressure can always be properly maintained, which is extremely effective as a pressurized smoke-proof system that pressurizes the attached room and the elevator shaft.
[0020]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since a differential pressure damper that operates when a differential pressure exceeding a certain level is used as a bypass damper provided between the ancillary room and the elevator shaft, a complicated control mechanism is required. In addition, the bypass damper itself operates and the internal pressure of the attached chamber can always be properly maintained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a smoke prevention system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of a conventional smoke prevention system.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Corridor 2 Staircase 3 Annex 4 Elevator shaft 5 Air supply fan 6 Escape door 10 Bypass damper

Claims (2)

火災時に避難経路となる階段の附室とエレベータシャフトに給気して加圧することにより、それら附室とエレベータシャフトに煙が流入することを防止する加圧防煙システムにおいて、附室とエレベータシャフトとを隣接配置して、エレベータシャフトの内圧を附室の内圧よりも同等ないしそれ以下となるように制御し、かつ、それら附室とエレベータシャフトとの間に、附室からエレベータシャフトに圧力を逃がすことにより附室内を設定圧に維持するバイパスダンパーを設けたことを特徴とする加圧防煙システム。In a pressurized smoke-proof system that prevents air from flowing into the ancillary room and elevator shaft by supplying air to the ancillary room and elevator shaft, which are evacuation routes in the event of a fire, Are arranged adjacent to each other, and the internal pressure of the elevator shaft is controlled to be equal to or less than the internal pressure of the auxiliary room, and pressure is applied from the auxiliary room to the elevator shaft between the auxiliary room and the elevator shaft. A pressurized smoke proofing system, characterized in that a bypass damper is provided to maintain the enclosed room at a set pressure by letting it escape. 請求項1記載の加圧防煙システムにおいて、バイパスダンパーは、附室とエレベータシャフトとの間に一定以上の差圧が生じた際に作動する差圧ダンパーであることを特徴とする加圧防煙システム。  2. The pressurized smoke-proof system according to claim 1, wherein the bypass damper is a differential pressure damper that operates when a certain pressure difference or more is generated between the ancillary room and the elevator shaft. Smoke system.
JP2003101828A 2003-04-04 2003-04-04 Pressurized smoke prevention system Expired - Lifetime JP4055128B2 (en)

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JP6119270B2 (en) * 2013-01-29 2017-04-26 株式会社大林組 Buildings equipped with pressurized smoke prevention equipment and pressurized smoke prevention equipment
JP6178082B2 (en) * 2013-02-21 2017-08-09 能美防災株式会社 Fire prevention member
JP6303635B2 (en) * 2014-03-11 2018-04-04 株式会社大林組 Static pressure measuring device and method for measuring static pressure in pressurized smoke control equipment

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