EP3078918B2 - Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation - Google Patents

Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3078918B2
EP3078918B2 EP15162854.2A EP15162854A EP3078918B2 EP 3078918 B2 EP3078918 B2 EP 3078918B2 EP 15162854 A EP15162854 A EP 15162854A EP 3078918 B2 EP3078918 B2 EP 3078918B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
region
fire
supply air
area
differential pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP15162854.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3078918A1 (en
EP3078918B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Kolb
Gunther MÜLLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gesellschaft fur Sicherheits- und Brandschutz-
Helios Ventilatoren & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Gesellschaft fur Sicherheits- und Brandschutz-
Helios Ventilatoren & Co KG GmbH
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Application filed by Gesellschaft fur Sicherheits- und Brandschutz-, Helios Ventilatoren & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Gesellschaft fur Sicherheits- und Brandschutz-
Priority to EP15162854.2A priority Critical patent/EP3078918B2/en
Priority to ES15162854T priority patent/ES2833379T5/en
Priority to DE102016106429.7A priority patent/DE102016106429A1/en
Publication of EP3078918A1 publication Critical patent/EP3078918A1/en
Publication of EP3078918B1 publication Critical patent/EP3078918B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • F24F11/34—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke by opening air passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F24F2011/0004—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air to create overpressure in a room
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/40—Pressure, e.g. wind pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/50—HVAC for high buildings, e.g. thermal or pressure differences

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system for keeping a protected area in a building smoke-free, and a method for maintaining a predetermined overpressure in a protected area according to the preamble of patent claim 1 or patent claim 15.
  • Smoke protection differential pressure systems are used to keep areas to be protected free of smoke in the event of a fire. These are often escape routes such as stairwells or escape tunnels that are connected to potential fire areas by doors. Keeping smoke free is an important prerequisite for ensuring safe evacuation of people from the fire area and access to the fire area for the fire brigade to fight the fire.
  • the overpressure in the protection area must be limited in such a way that self-rescue from the fire area remains possible.
  • the door opening force increases with increasing overpressure in the protected area, so that if the overpressure in the protected area is too high, it is no longer possible for everyone to open the door and escape.
  • a minimum flow speed must be built up through the door opening in order to ensure that the protection area is kept smoke-free even when the door is open.
  • the system must react to changing operating conditions such as open or closed doors in a maximum of three seconds, which means that the fire protection system must have a short reaction time.
  • smoke protection systems are known whose control principles can essentially be divided into controlled systems with and without (electrical) auxiliary energy.
  • Controlled systems with auxiliary energy have sensors in the protected area, which usually record the pressure in the protected area.
  • a fan which supplies the protection area with a supply air volume flow and generates the overpressure, is controlled in such a way that the required volume flow is set in the protection area.
  • These systems allow the implementation of smoke protection systems with different volume flows, which can react to changing conditions in the protected area.
  • An example of such a facility is in EP 1 785 201 A1 described. Under certain circumstances, the control time according to EN 120101 cannot be guaranteed.
  • a constant supply air volume flow is generated in the protected area by a supply air fan.
  • the pressure is regulated here via a mechanical pressure control valve. This opens at a preset overpressure and thus creates a flow path from the protected area to the outside in order to counteract the excessive overpressure in the protected area. If the pressure drops, for example due to an opening door in the protected area, the pressure control flap closes again.
  • These systems have short response times and are not susceptible to faults due to passive control. However, it is not possible to react to any operating conditions with a regulated system without auxiliary energy, since the supply air volume flow cannot be regulated directly.
  • the EP 2 505 735 A1 describes a smoke protection pressure system for a building with an escape room whose supply air volume flow can be controlled depending on the outside temperature.
  • the DE 201 13 242 U1 describes a safety stairwell for a high-rise building with overpressure ventilation, which is also controlled based on the outside temperature.
  • the known systems are either not able to reliably maintain the pressure conditions mentioned at the outset, or are too sluggish in the regulation.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a smoke protection differential pressure system and a method for controlling the same, which satisfies the legal regulations with regard to the pressure differences and the reaction time and is highly efficient.
  • the object is achieved by a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to claim 1 and a method for controlling the same according to claim 15.
  • the main advantage of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system is that a system of supply air frequency converter and supply air fan controlled with auxiliary energy is combined with a system controlled without auxiliary energy in the form of the pressure control damper, thus combining the advantages of both control systems in a hybrid system to unite.
  • the supply air volume flow can be increased through the interaction of the supply air frequency converter and supply air fan in order to achieve a minimum pressure difference between the protected area and the fire area to maintain.
  • the pressure control flap opens at a preset overpressure and thus counteracts pressure peaks caused by closing doors quickly and reliably.
  • the protected area measuring device preferably includes a pressure sensor which detects the pressure in the protected area. This makes it possible to detect a pressure drop in the protected area and adjust the supply air volume flow accordingly to maintain the minimum pressure difference.
  • the protection area measuring device prefferably includes one or more door contacts that detect the opening of doors, in particular external doors. This enables reliable control of the supply air volume flow, taking into account leakages, in particular from external doors that open, which represent a large additional leakage in the protected area.
  • the supply air volume flow is blown into the protected area via a number of blowing-in points. This leads to a more even supply of the supply air volume flow in the protected area and thus to a smaller pressure drop in the protected area.
  • an outflow device via which a flow connection to the outside area can be established at least in the event of a fire, so that the supply air volume flow generated by the supply air fan can flow out of the building through the outflow device.
  • the outflow device can include a window which is arranged in the fire area towards the outside area and is opened automatically at least in the event of a fire in order to create a flow connection with the outside area.
  • the outflow device can include a smoke extraction flap, which is arranged between the fire area and an exhaust air area and is opened automatically at least in the event of a fire in order to create a flow connection between the fire area and the exhaust air area.
  • the exhaust air area is in flow connection with the outside area and thus allows smoke to escape from the fire area to the outside. If there is no direct connection between the fire area and the building shell to the outside, the necessary connection to the outside area can be implemented with this outflow device.
  • the exhaust air area can in particular include an exhaust air duct, which is often structurally provided and is easy to implement.
  • An exhaust air fan can also be provided in the exhaust air area. This exhaust air fan has the task of reducing the pressure losses of the outflowing air in the outflow shaft. As a result, a door flow rate can be established.
  • the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system preferably also includes an exhaust air frequency converter, which interacts with the exhaust air fan in such a way that the exhaust air volume flow generated by the exhaust air fan can be adjusted, and a fire area measuring device in the fire area for determining the operating conditions of the smoke protection differential pressure system in the fire area .
  • control device provided for regulating the supply air volume flow is also connected to the exhaust air frequency converter in order to control the exhaust air frequency converter on the basis of the signals from the fire area measuring device in such a way that, at least in the event of a fire, there is a pressure difference between the protected area and the fire area inside the specified limits are reached.
  • a control flap is also provided in the exhaust air area, which is arranged between the exhaust air area and the outside area and opens when a preset maximum negative pressure is exceeded in the exhaust air area in order to allow excess air to flow into the exhaust air area and thus avoid exceeding the maximum negative pressure.
  • the fire area measuring device includes a pressure sensor that detects the pressure in the fire area.
  • This pressure sensor is from read out from the control unit. Based on the pressure signal measured in this way in the fire area, the control of the exhaust air fan can be adjusted more precisely to the changing operating conditions of the system.
  • the fire area measuring device may include one or more door contacts that detect the opening and closing of doors between the protected area and the fire area.
  • the exhaust fan can be controlled based on this signal. In this way, in the event of a closing door between the protection area and the fire area, pressure peaks on the door can be counteracted and the permissible door opening force can be maintained.
  • the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the invention can be provided to keep a protected area free of smoke, to which several separate fire areas are connected.
  • the method for maintaining a specified overpressure in a protection area can provide that, in the event of a fire in a fire area adjacent to the protection area, it is ensured by creating a flow connection to an outside area that when a door is opened between the protection area and the fire area, the volume flow from the protection area flows into the fire area for smoke suppression, can flow out via the flow connection to the outside area.
  • the required flow velocities can be generated through open doors to the fire area.
  • Fig. 1 shows a building with a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the invention in a first embodiment.
  • the building includes a protection area 10, which is shown here as a stairwell, and a fire area 40 connected to the protection area 10 by doors 2.
  • a supply air fan 11 is arranged at the lower end of the protection area on the building and generates a Supply air flow rate in the protected area 10.
  • a supply air frequency converter 12 is connected to the supply air fan 11 and can control the supply air flow rate generated by it.
  • the supply air volume flow generated by the supply air fan 11 may be blown in via a plurality of blowing areas which are fluidically connected to one another takes place on the different floors (not shown in the figures), whereby a more even distribution of the supply air volume flow and thus a reduction in the through-flow pressure loss is achieved.
  • a control device 1 is provided for controlling the supply air frequency converter 12 .
  • the control device 1 is also connected to a pressure sensor 4a, which is arranged at the lower end of the protected area 10 and detects the pressure in the protected area 10 . The pressure detected is recorded by the control device 1 . If the pressure sensor 4a detects a pressure below the preset minimum pressure p min in the protected area 10, the supply air fan 11 is controlled via the supply air frequency converter 12 in such a way that the supply air volume flow is increased.
  • a pressure control flap 14 is arranged at the upper end of the protective area 10 .
  • the pressure control valve 14 opens automatically when a predetermined overpressure is reached, whereby the supply air volume flow supplied by the supply air fan 11 can escape and the pressure in the protected area 10 is kept at the maximum pressure p max specified by the pressure control valve 14 .
  • the pressure control valve 14 closes again automatically.
  • the automatic opening and closing can either be motorized, or the pressure control valve 14 works purely mechanically, for example via a spring-linkage system.
  • the fire floor is always referred to as fire area 40 as an example.
  • all explanations relating to the fire area 40 as an example can also be provided in several fire areas that are not connected to one another, which are designed analogously to the fire area 40 explained as an example in the present embodiments.
  • one or more windows 6 open automatically in the fire area 40 in order to create a flow connection between the fire area 40 and the outside area 30 .
  • a prescribed speed build-up of supply air from the protection area can be achieved and the supply air volume flow applied from protection area 30 can flow out via fire area 40 through window 6 into outside area 30.
  • the control of the supply air volume flow by means of the supply air frequency converter 12 and the pressure control damper 14 ensures that the pressure difference between protection area 10 and fire area 40 is high enough to prevent smoke from entering to prevent the protection area 10, on the other hand does not exceed a maximum value, so that the door opening force required to open the doors 2 is within the permissible limits, for example a maximum of 100N, measured on a door handle 2a of the door 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system.
  • the building again has the protection area 10 and the adjoining fire area 40 .
  • an outer door 3 which, when open, represents a significant additional leakage.
  • a door contact 4b detects the opening and closing of the outer door 3 and forwards a corresponding signal to the control device 1.
  • the supply air frequency converter 12 is activated accordingly, so that the supply air volume flow is increased sufficiently.
  • the supply air volume flow is reduced. Pressure peaks, which can occur due to the inertia of the control and which could lead to the permissible door opening forces being exceeded, are prevented by automatically opening the pressure control flap 14 .
  • one or more windows 6 in the fire area 40 automatically open in order, when the doors 2 to the fire area 40 are open, to allow supply air to flow in from the protection area 10 in order to keep the protection area 10 free of smoke and at the same time to let out the air entering the fire area 40 Allow volume flow in the outdoor area 30.
  • Fig. 3 shows the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system in a third embodiment.
  • the structure of the protective area 10 and the components provided therein to maintain the pressure difference is identical to the first embodiment.
  • the fire area 40 does not have a direct connection to the outside area 30 as in the first embodiment. Instead, the fire area 40 is connected to an exhaust air area 20 via one or more closable smoke extraction flaps 25, which is designed as a vertical shaft in the present illustration. In the event of a fire, the smoke extraction flaps 25 are automatically opened in order to create a flow connection to the exhaust air area 20 via which the supply air volume flow is routed to the outside area 30 .
  • An exhaust air fan 21 is attached to the upper end of the vertical shaft, which generates an exhaust air volume flow from the exhaust air area 20 to the outside area 30 , ie sucks off an exhaust air volume flow from the exhaust air area 20 .
  • this exhaust air fan 21 is connected to an exhaust air frequency converter 22 which can control the exhaust air volume flow generated by the exhaust air fan and is connected to the control unit 1 .
  • In the fire area 40 there is also a pressure sensor 4c which detects the pressure in the fire area 40 and is in operative connection with the control unit 1 .
  • the smoke extraction flaps 25 open and create a flow connection between the fire area 40 and the exhaust air area 20 .
  • the exhaust fan is controlled by the control unit using the exhaust air frequency converter 22 on the basis of the pressure values detected in the protection area 10 and in the fire area 40, and can thus contribute to the faster build-up of a specified volume flow through an open door 2.
  • a control flap 24 is arranged in the exhaust air area 20 for additional security. This counteracts excessive negative pressures in the exhaust air area 20 by automatically opening when the negative pressure in the exhaust air area 20 exceeds a predetermined value and allowing excess air to flow into the exhaust air area 20 . If a door 2 between fire area 40 and protection area 10 closes in the event of a fire, a peak in the pressure difference between protection area 10 and fire area 40 can be prevented by opening control flap 24, which would result in door 2 not being able to be opened.
  • the exhaust air area 20 can therefore create a flow connection to the outside area 30 of fire areas 40 that have no connection to the building shell. It is also possible here that the exhaust air area 20 is designed as a horizontal shaft (not shown in the figure), or that the exhaust air area 20 does not have an exhaust air fan 21 and/or control flap 24 and thus only a natural outflow into the outside area 30 is possible.
  • Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the invention.
  • the structure of the protective area 10 and the components provided therein to maintain the pressure difference is again identical to the first embodiment.
  • the fire area 40 is again connected via smoke extraction flaps 25 to an exhaust air area 20, the design of which corresponds to that in the third embodiment.
  • door contacts 4d are attached to the doors 2 in the fourth embodiment, which contacts detect opening and closing of the doors 2 and are read out by the control unit 1 .
  • the smoke extraction flaps 25 are opened automatically.
  • the exhaust air volume flow is controlled on the basis of the signals from the door contacts 4d.
  • Fig. 5 shows the signal curves of the actively controlled part of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system for controlling the supply air volume flow.
  • Pressure sensors 4a and/or door contacts 4b in the protected area 10 detect a pressure signal and/or door opening signal, which is sent to the control unit 1 and read out by it becomes.
  • Changing operating conditions in the protected area for example due to doors opening or closing, are detected by the sensors 4a or 4b, which are operatively connected to the control unit 1.
  • the control unit 1 determines a control signal, which it forwards to the supply air frequency converter 12, which can adapt the supply air volume flow generated by the supply air fan 11 to the changed operating conditions by changing the speed of the supply air fan 11.
  • control unit 1 is connected to one or more detectors for registering a fire in the fire area 40 (not shown), such as smoke detectors or the like, and, in addition, when a fire is detected, the opening of a window in the fire area 40 via a window thereon provided motor (not shown) caused by transmitting a corresponding control command to the motor to allow smoke to escape to the outside area 30.
  • detectors for registering a fire in the fire area 40 such as smoke detectors or the like
  • Fig. 6 shows the signal curves of the actively controlled parts of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the third and fourth embodiment.
  • the system here includes pressure sensors 4c and / or door contacts 4d, which detect a pressure signal and / or door opening signal in the fire area 40. Based on this signal, the control unit 1 can control the exhaust air frequency converter 22 when the operating conditions change, which in turn can adjust the exhaust air volume flow generated by the exhaust air fan 21 by changing the speed of the exhaust air fan 21 to the changed operating conditions.
  • detectors for registering a fire in fire area 40 are connected to control unit 1 and, in the event of a fire, control unit 1 allows smoke extraction flaps 25 to open in fire area 40 via a motor provided thereon (not shown) caused by transmitting a corresponding control command to the engine to allow the flow of smoke into the exhaust air area 20.
  • the additional possibility of controlling the exhaust air fan 21 can ensure, on the one hand, that smoke can reliably flow out of the fire area 40 into the outside area 30 if this area is not directly connected to the building shell.
  • the control of the supply air and exhaust air volume flows can be coordinated with one another, thereby creating a synchronized system with which a more precise and reliable control of the hybrid smoke protection Differential pressure system can be achieved.
  • Fig. 5 and 6 shown are the passive components of the respective forms of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system, which in the case of the pressure control valve 14 in the protection area 10 (see Fig. 1-4 ) dem Prevent exceeding a maximum pressure in the protection area 10, and in the case of the control flap 24 in the exhaust air area 20 (see Fig. 3-4 ) Prevent pressure difference peaks between protection area 10 and fire area 40.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage zur Rauchfreihaltung eines Schutzbereiches in einem Gebäude, sowie ein Verfahren zur Aufrechterhaltung eines vorgegebenen Überdrucks in einem Schutzbereich nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 bzw. des Patentanspruchs 15.The invention relates to a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system for keeping a protected area in a building smoke-free, and a method for maintaining a predetermined overpressure in a protected area according to the preamble of patent claim 1 or patent claim 15.

Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlagen dienen der Rauchfreihaltung von zu schützenden Bereichen im Brandfall. Dies sind häufig Fluchtwege wie Treppenhäuser oder Fluchttunnel, die durch Türen mit potentiellen Brandbereichen verbunden sind. Die Rauchfreihaltung ist hierbei eine wichtige Voraussetzung, um eine sichere Evakuierung von Menschen aus dem Brandbereich und einen Zugang zum Brandbereich für die Brandbekämpfung durch die Feuerwehr zu gewährleisten.Smoke protection differential pressure systems are used to keep areas to be protected free of smoke in the event of a fire. These are often escape routes such as stairwells or escape tunnels that are connected to potential fire areas by doors. Keeping smoke free is an important prerequisite for ensuring safe evacuation of people from the fire area and access to the fire area for the fire brigade to fight the fire.

Im Brandfall mit Rauchentwicklung erzeugen Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlagen einen Überdruck im Schutzbereich. Dadurch wird ein positives Druckgefälle zwischen Schutzbereich und Brandbereich erzeugt, und somit die Rauchausbreitung in Ersterem unterbunden. Dabei sind laut nationaler und europäischer Normung bestimmte Kriterien zu erfüllen.In the event of a fire with smoke development, smoke protection differential pressure systems generate overpressure in the protected area. This creates a positive pressure gradient between the protection area and the fire area, and thus stops the spread of smoke in the former. According to national and European standards, certain criteria must be met.

Bei geschlossenen Türen zwischen Schutz- und Brandbereich ist der Überdruck im Schutzbereich so zu begrenzen, dass eine Selbstrettung aus dem Brandbereich möglich bleibt. Mit steigendem Überdruck im Schutzbereich steigt die Türöffnungskraft an, so dass es bei zu hohem Überdruck im Schutzbereich nicht mehr allen Personen möglich ist, die Tür zu öffnen und zu flüchten. Andererseits muss bei geöffneten Türen zwischen Schutz- und Brandbereich eine Mindestströmungsgeschwindigkeit durch die Türöffnung aufgebaut werden, um auch bei geöffneter Tür eine Rauchfreihaltung des Schutzbereichs zu gewährleisten.When the doors between the protection and fire area are closed, the overpressure in the protection area must be limited in such a way that self-rescue from the fire area remains possible. The door opening force increases with increasing overpressure in the protected area, so that if the overpressure in the protected area is too high, it is no longer possible for everyone to open the door and escape. On the other hand, when the doors are open between the protection area and the fire area, a minimum flow speed must be built up through the door opening in order to ensure that the protection area is kept smoke-free even when the door is open.

Darüber hinaus muss gemäß DIN EN 12101-6 die Reaktion der Anlage auf sich ändernde Betriebsbedingungen wie geöffnete oder geschlossene Türen in maximal drei Sekunden erfolgen, was eine kurze Reaktionszeit der Brandschutzanlage erforderlich macht.In addition, according to DIN EN 12101-6, the system must react to changing operating conditions such as open or closed doors in a maximum of three seconds, which means that the fire protection system must have a short reaction time.

Es sind zur Erfüllung der oben genannten Bedingungen Rauchschutzanlagen bekannt, deren Steuerungsprinzipien sich im Wesentlichen unterteilen lassen in geregelte Anlagen mit und ohne (elektrische) Hilfsenergie.
Geregelte Anlagen mit Hilfsenergie verfügen über Sensoren im Schutzbereich, die üblicherweise den Druck im Schutzbereich erfassen. Auf Basis dieses Signals wird ein Ventilator, der dem Schutzbereich einen Zuluft-Volumenstrom zuführt und den Überdruck erzeugt, so geregelt, dass sich der erforderliche Volumenstrom in den Schutzbereich einstellt. Diese Anlagen erlauben die Realisierung von Rauchschutzanlagen mit unterschiedlichen Volumenströmen, die auf veränderliche Bedingungen im Schutzbereich reagieren können. Ein Beispiel für eine solche Anlage ist in EP 1 785 201 A1 beschrieben. Unter bestimmten Umständen kann die Regelzeit nach EN 120101 nicht gewährleistet werden.To meet the above conditions, smoke protection systems are known whose control principles can essentially be divided into controlled systems with and without (electrical) auxiliary energy.
Controlled systems with auxiliary energy have sensors in the protected area, which usually record the pressure in the protected area. On the basis of this signal, a fan, which supplies the protection area with a supply air volume flow and generates the overpressure, is controlled in such a way that the required volume flow is set in the protection area. These systems allow the implementation of smoke protection systems with different volume flows, which can react to changing conditions in the protected area. An example of such a facility is in EP 1 785 201 A1 described. Under certain circumstances, the control time according to EN 120101 cannot be guaranteed.

In geregelten Anlagen ohne Hilfsenergie wird durch einen Zuluftventilator ein konstanter Zuluft-Volumenstrom in den Schutzbereich erzeugt. Die Druckregelung erfolgt hier über eine mechanisch arbeitende Druckregelklappe. Diese öffnet sich bei einem voreingestellten Überdruck und schafft so einen Strömungsweg vom Schutzbereich in den Außenbereich, um dem zu hohen Überdruck im Schutzbereich entgegen zu wirken. Bei sinkendem Druck, beispielsweise durch eine sich öffnende Tür im Schutzbereich schließt die Druckregelklappe wieder. Diese Systeme weisen kurze Reaktionszeiten auf und sind durch die passive Regelung störunanfällig. Allerdings kann mit einem geregelten System ohne Hilfsenergie nicht auf beliebige Betriebsbedingungen reagiert werden, da der Zuluft-Volumenstrom nicht direkt regelbar ist.In regulated systems without auxiliary energy, a constant supply air volume flow is generated in the protected area by a supply air fan. The pressure is regulated here via a mechanical pressure control valve. This opens at a preset overpressure and thus creates a flow path from the protected area to the outside in order to counteract the excessive overpressure in the protected area. If the pressure drops, for example due to an opening door in the protected area, the pressure control flap closes again. These systems have short response times and are not susceptible to faults due to passive control. However, it is not possible to react to any operating conditions with a regulated system without auxiliary energy, since the supply air volume flow cannot be regulated directly.

Die EP 2 505 735 A1 beschreibt eine Rauchschutzdruckanlage für ein Gebäude mit einem Fluchtraum, dessen Zuluft-Volumenstrom abhängig von der Außentemperatur steuerbar ist. in der DE 201 13 242 U1 ist ein Sicherheitstreppenraum für ein Hochhaus mit einer Überdruckbelüftung beschrieben, deren Regelung ebenfalls anhand der Außentemperatur erfolgt.
Die bekannten Anlagen sind entweder nicht in der Lage, die eingangs genannten Druckbedingungen zuverlässig einzuhalten, oder sind in der Regelung zu träge.
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage sowie ein Verfahren zum Regeln derselben bereitzustellen, die den gesetzlichen Vorschriften bezüglich der Druckdifferenzen und der Reaktionszeit genügt und eine hohe Effizienz aufweist.The EP 2 505 735 A1 describes a smoke protection pressure system for a building with an escape room whose supply air volume flow can be controlled depending on the outside temperature. in the DE 201 13 242 U1 describes a safety stairwell for a high-rise building with overpressure ventilation, which is also controlled based on the outside temperature.
The known systems are either not able to reliably maintain the pressure conditions mentioned at the outset, or are too sluggish in the regulation.
The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a smoke protection differential pressure system and a method for controlling the same, which satisfies the legal regulations with regard to the pressure differences and the reaction time and is highly efficient.

Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage nach Anspruch 1, sowie ein Verfahren zum Steuern derselben nach Anspruch 15 gelöst.The object is achieved by a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to claim 1 and a method for controlling the same according to claim 15.

Insbesondere wird die Aufgabe durch eine Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage gelöst, die zur Rauchfreihaltung eines Schutzbereiches in einem Gebäude zur Erzielung einer Mindestdruckdifferenz zu einem an den Schutzbereich angrenzenden Brandbereich, wobei gleichzeitig eine Maximaldruckdifferenz nicht überschritten wird, Folgendes umfasst:

  • einen Zuluftventilator zur Erzeugung eines Zuluft-Volumenstroms in den Schutzbereich, der mit einem Zuluft-Frequenzumrichter zusammenwirkt, derart dass der vom Zuluftventilator erzeugte Zuluft-Volumenstrom einstellbar ist,
  • eine Schutzbereich-Messeinrichtung zur Bestimmung der Betriebsbedingungen der Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage im Schutzbereich,
  • eine Druckregelklappe, die zwischen dem Schutzbereich und einem Außenbereich anordenbar ist und ohne Hilfsenergie bei einem voreingestellten Überdruck öffnet, um einer Überschreitung der Maximaldruckdifferenz entgegenzuwirken.
Weiter ist in der Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage eine Steuerungseinrichtung vorgesehen, die auf Basis der Signale der Schutzbereich-Messeinrichtung eine Ansteuerung des Zuluft-Frequenzumrichter in der Weise vornimmt, dass der Zuluft-Volumenstrom zur Erzielung einer Druckdifferenz führt, die oberhalb der Mindestdruckdifferenz liegt.In particular, the task is solved by a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system, which includes the following to keep a protected area in a building smoke-free to achieve a minimum pressure difference to a fire area adjacent to the protected area, while at the same time not exceeding a maximum pressure difference:
  • a supply air fan for generating a supply air volume flow in the protected area, which interacts with a supply air frequency converter in such a way that the supply air volume flow generated by the supply air fan can be adjusted,
  • a protection area measuring device for determining the operating conditions of the smoke protection differential pressure system in the protection area,
  • a pressure control flap that can be arranged between the protected area and an outside area and opens without auxiliary energy at a preset overpressure in order to counteract the maximum pressure difference being exceeded.
Furthermore, a control device is provided in the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system, which, based on the signals from the protection area measuring device, controls the supply air frequency converter in such a way that the supply air volume flow leads to the achievement of a pressure difference that is above the minimum pressure difference.

Der wesentliche Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage liegt hierbei darin, dass ein mit Hilfsenergie geregeltes System aus Zuluft-Frequenzumrichter und Zuluftventilator mit einem ohne Hilfsenergie geregelten System in Gestalt der Druckregelklappe kombiniert wird, um somit die Vorteile beider Regelsysteme in einem Hybrid-System zu vereinigen. Dies führt zu einem System mit den Kompensationsmöglichkeiten einer geregelten Anlage mit Hilfsenergie, die gleichzeitig die Reaktionszeit und Sicherheit von geregelten Anlagen ohne Hilfsenergie aufweist. Somit kann auf die veränderlichen Betriebsbedingungen in kürzester Zeit unter Berücksichtigung der normativen Vorgaben reagiert werden. Bei zusätzlichen auftretenden Leckagen, wie sie beispielsweise durch das Öffnen von Außentüren oder das Öffnen von Türen zu Räumen mit geöffneten Fenstern erzeugt werden, kann durch das Zusammenwirken von Zuluft-Frequenzumrichter und Zuluftventilator der Zuluft-Volumenstrom erhöht werden, um eine Mindestdruckdifferenz zwischen Schutzbereich und Brandbereich aufrecht zu erhalten. Die Druckregelklappe öffnet bei einem voreingestellten Überdruck und wirkt somit Druckspitzen durch sich schließende Türen schnell und zuverlässig entgegen.The main advantage of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the invention is that a system of supply air frequency converter and supply air fan controlled with auxiliary energy is combined with a system controlled without auxiliary energy in the form of the pressure control damper, thus combining the advantages of both control systems in a hybrid system to unite. This results in a system with the compensation capabilities of a powered-loop regulated system, while having the response time and safety of self-powered regulated systems. This means that changing operating conditions can be reacted to in the shortest possible time, taking into account the normative specifications. If there are additional leaks, such as those caused by opening external doors or opening doors to rooms with open windows, the supply air volume flow can be increased through the interaction of the supply air frequency converter and supply air fan in order to achieve a minimum pressure difference between the protected area and the fire area to maintain. The pressure control flap opens at a preset overpressure and thus counteracts pressure peaks caused by closing doors quickly and reliably.

Zur Erfassung der momentanen Betriebsbedingungen im Schutzbereich umfasst die Schutzbereich-Messeinrichtung vorzugsweise einen Drucksensor, der den Druck im Schutzbereich detektiert. Dies ermöglicht es, einen Druckabfall im Schutzbereich zu erfassen und den Zuluft-Volumenstrom zur Einhaltung der Mindestdruckdifferenz entsprechend anzupassen.In order to record the instantaneous operating conditions in the protected area, the protected area measuring device preferably includes a pressure sensor which detects the pressure in the protected area. This makes it possible to detect a pressure drop in the protected area and adjust the supply air volume flow accordingly to maintain the minimum pressure difference.

Weiterhin ist es möglich, dass die Schutzbereich-Messeinrichtung einen oder mehrere Türkontakte umfasst, die ein Öffnen von Türen, insbesondere Außentüren, erfassen. Dies ermöglicht eine zuverlässige Regelung des Zuluft-Volumenstroms unter Berücksichtigung von Leckagen insbesondere durch sich öffnende Außentüren, die eine große zusätzliche Leckage im Schutzbereich darstellen.It is also possible for the protection area measuring device to include one or more door contacts that detect the opening of doors, in particular external doors. This enables reliable control of the supply air volume flow, taking into account leakages, in particular from external doors that open, which represent a large additional leakage in the protected area.

In einer Ausführungsform erfolgt das Einblasen des Zuluft-Volumenstroms in den Schutzbereich über mehrere Einblasstellen. Dies führt zu einer gleichmäßigeren Zuführung des Zuluft-Volumenstroms in den Schutzbereich und somit zu einem kleineren Druckgefälle im Schutzbereich.In one embodiment, the supply air volume flow is blown into the protected area via a number of blowing-in points. This leads to a more even supply of the supply air volume flow in the protected area and thus to a smaller pressure drop in the protected area.

Vorzugsweise ist im Brandbereich eine Abströmungsvorrichtung vorhanden, über die mindestens im Brandfall eine Strömungsverbindung zum Außenbereich herstellbar ist, so dass der vom Zuluftventilator aufgebrachte Zuluft-Volumenstrom durch die Abströmungseinrichtung aus dem Gebäude abströmen kann. Dies ist zum Aufbau der benötigten Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten durch offene Türen zum Brandbereich erforderlich, weil der zur Rauchunterdrückung benötigte Überdruck gegenüber dem Brandbereich sonst nicht aufrechterhalten werden kann.
Die Abströmungseinrichtung kann ein Fenster umfassen, das im Brandbereich zum Außenbereich hin angeordnet ist und mindestens im Brandfall automatisch geöffnet wird, um eine Strömungsverbindung mit dem Außenbereich herzustellen. Diese Realisierung der Abströmungseinrichtung ist kostengünstig und technisch einfach zu realisieren.In the fire area, there is preferably an outflow device, via which a flow connection to the outside area can be established at least in the event of a fire, so that the supply air volume flow generated by the supply air fan can flow out of the building through the outflow device. This is necessary to build up the required flow velocities through open doors to the fire area, because otherwise the overpressure required for smoke suppression in relation to the fire area cannot be maintained.
The outflow device can include a window which is arranged in the fire area towards the outside area and is opened automatically at least in the event of a fire in order to create a flow connection with the outside area. This implementation of the outflow device is inexpensive and technically simple to implement.

Weiterhin kann die Abströmungseinrichtung eine Entrauchungsklappe umfassen, die zwischen dem Brandbereich und einem Abluftbereich angeordnet ist und mindestens im Brandfall automatisch geöffnet wird, um eine Strömungsverbindung zwischen Brandbereich und Abluftbereich herzustellen. Der Abluftbereich steht mit dem Außenbereich in Strömungsverbindung und ermöglicht so, dass Rauch aus dem Brandbereich ins Freie entweichen kann. Bei fehlender, direkter Anbindung des Brandbereichs zur Gebäudehülle ins Freie ist mit dieser Abströmungsvorrichtung die notwendige Verbindung zum Außenbereich realisierbar. Der Abluftbereich kann insbesondere einen Abluftkanal umfassen, der baulich häufig vorgesehen und einfach zu realisieren ist.Furthermore, the outflow device can include a smoke extraction flap, which is arranged between the fire area and an exhaust air area and is opened automatically at least in the event of a fire in order to create a flow connection between the fire area and the exhaust air area. The exhaust air area is in flow connection with the outside area and thus allows smoke to escape from the fire area to the outside. If there is no direct connection between the fire area and the building shell to the outside, the necessary connection to the outside area can be implemented with this outflow device. The exhaust air area can in particular include an exhaust air duct, which is often structurally provided and is easy to implement.

Im Abluftbereich kann des Weiteren ein Abluftventilator vorgesehen sein. Dieser Abluftventilator hat die Aufgabe, die Druckverluste der abströmenden Luft im Abströmschacht abzubauen. Dadurch kann sich eine Tür-Durchströmungsgeschwindigkeit einstellen.An exhaust air fan can also be provided in the exhaust air area. This exhaust air fan has the task of reducing the pressure losses of the outflowing air in the outflow shaft. As a result, a door flow rate can be established.

Vorzugsweise umfasst die Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage weiterhin einen Abluft-Frequenzumformer, der mit dem Abluftventilator zusammenwirkt, derart, dass der vom Abluftventilator erzeugte Abluft-Volumenstrom einstellbar ist, sowie eine Brandbereich-Messvorrichtung im Brandbereich zur Bestimmung der Betriebsbedingungen der Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage im Brandbereich.The hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system preferably also includes an exhaust air frequency converter, which interacts with the exhaust air fan in such a way that the exhaust air volume flow generated by the exhaust air fan can be adjusted, and a fire area measuring device in the fire area for determining the operating conditions of the smoke protection differential pressure system in the fire area .

Vorzugsweise ist die zur Regelung des Zuluft-Volumenstroms vorgesehene Steuereinrichtung auch mit dem Abluft-Frequenzumrichter verbunden, um auf Basis der Signale der Brandbereich-Messvorrichtung eine Ansteuerung des Abluft-Frequenzumrichter in der Weise vorzunehmen, dass mindestens im Brandfall eine Druckdifferenz zwischen Schutzbereich und Brandbereich innerhalb der vorgegebenen Grenzen erreicht wird.Preferably, the control device provided for regulating the supply air volume flow is also connected to the exhaust air frequency converter in order to control the exhaust air frequency converter on the basis of the signals from the fire area measuring device in such a way that, at least in the event of a fire, there is a pressure difference between the protected area and the fire area inside the specified limits are reached.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist im Abluftbereich weiterhin eine Regelklappe vorgesehen, die zwischen dem Abluftbereich und dem Außenbereich angeordnet ist und sich bei Überschreiten eines voreingestellten Maximalunterdrucks im Abluftbereich öffnet, um Fehlluft in den Abluftbereich einströmen zu lassen und damit ein Überschreiten des Maximalunterdrucks zu vermeiden.In a preferred embodiment, a control flap is also provided in the exhaust air area, which is arranged between the exhaust air area and the outside area and opens when a preset maximum negative pressure is exceeded in the exhaust air area in order to allow excess air to flow into the exhaust air area and thus avoid exceeding the maximum negative pressure.

Vorzugsweise umfasst die Brandbereich-Messvorrichtung einen Drucksensor, der den Druck im Brandbereich detektiert. Dieser Drucksensor wird von der Steuereinheit ausgelesen. Auf Basis des so gemessenen Drucksignals im Brandbereich kann die Steuerung des Abluftventilators genauer auf sich ändernde Betriebsbedingungen der Anlage abgestimmt werden.Preferably, the fire area measuring device includes a pressure sensor that detects the pressure in the fire area. This pressure sensor is from read out from the control unit. Based on the pressure signal measured in this way in the fire area, the control of the exhaust air fan can be adjusted more precisely to the changing operating conditions of the system.

Weiterhin ist es möglich, dass die Brandbereich-Messvorrichtung einen oder mehrere Türkontakte umfasst, die ein Öffnen und Schließen von Türen zwischen dem Schutzbereich und dem Brandbereich detektieren. Der Abluftventilator kann auf Basis dieses Signals gesteuert werden. Dadurch kann im Falle einer sich schließenden Tür zwischen Schutzbereich und Brandbereich Druckspitzen an der Tür entgegengewirkt werden und die zulässige Türöffnungskraft eingehalten werden.It is also possible for the fire area measuring device to include one or more door contacts that detect the opening and closing of doors between the protected area and the fire area. The exhaust fan can be controlled based on this signal. In this way, in the event of a closing door between the protection area and the fire area, pressure peaks on the door can be counteracted and the permissible door opening force can be maintained.

Die erfindungsgemäße Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage kann zur Rauchfreihaltung eines Schutzbereichs vorgesehen sein, mit dem mehrere getrennte Brandbereiche verbunden sind.The hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the invention can be provided to keep a protected area free of smoke, to which several separate fire areas are connected.

Die Erfindung umfasst ferner ein Verfahren zur Aufrechterhaltung eines vorgegebenen Überdrucks in einem Schutzbereich, wobei dem Schutzbereich über einen Zuluftventilator ein Zuluft-Volumenstrom zur Erzielung des vorgegebenen Überdrucks zugeführt wird, wobei der Zuluftventilator weiterhin so angesteuert wird, dass

  • der Unterschreitung eines vorgegebenen Minimaldrucks durch Erhöhung des Zuluft-Volumenstroms entgegengewirkt wird,
  • der Überschreitung eines vorgegebenen Maximaldrucks durch Reduktion des Zuluft-Volumenstroms entgegengewirkt wird
  • und gleichzeitig über eine Druckregelklappe bei Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Überdrucks eine Druckreduktion durch Eröffnen einer Abströmöffnung ohne Hilfsenergie ermöglicht wird. Dieses Verfahren vereint die Vorteile einer geregelten Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage mit Hilfsenergie mit den Vorteilen einer geregelten Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage mit Hilfsenergie mit den Vorteilen einer geregelten Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage ohne Hilfsenergie und gewährleistet einen sicheren Betrieb der Anlage unter Einhaltung der vorgeschriebenen Druckdifferenzen, ermöglicht durch den variablen Zuluft-Volumenstrom einen Betrieb bei unterschiedlichsten Betriebsbedingungen wie sich öffnenden Außentüren und gewährleistet eine kurze Reaktionszeit auf sich ändernde Betriebsbedingungen.
The invention also includes a method for maintaining a predetermined overpressure in a protected area, with the protected area being supplied with an inlet air volume flow via an inlet air fan to achieve the predetermined overpressure, with the inlet air fan also being controlled in such a way that
  • falling below a specified minimum pressure is counteracted by increasing the supply air volume flow,
  • exceeding a specified maximum pressure is counteracted by reducing the supply air volume flow
  • and at the same time, via a pressure control flap, when a predetermined overpressure is reached, a pressure reduction is made possible by opening an outflow opening without auxiliary energy. This process combines the advantages of a regulated smoke protection differential pressure system with auxiliary energy with the advantages of a regulated smoke protection differential pressure system with auxiliary energy with the advantages of a regulated smoke protection differential pressure system without auxiliary energy and ensures safe operation of the system while maintaining the prescribed pressure differences, made possible by the variable supply air -volume flow enables operation under a wide variety of operating conditions such as opening external doors and ensures a short response time to changing operating conditions.

Weiterhin kann das Verfahren zur Aufrechterhaltung eines vorgegebenen Überdrucks in einem Schutzbereich vorsehen, dass im Brandfall in einem an den Schutzbereich angrenzenden Brandbereich durch Schaffung einer Strömungsverbindung zu einem Außenbereich sicher gestellt wird, dass bei Öffnen einer Tür zwischen Schutzbereich und Brandbereich der Volumenstrom, der vom Schutzbereich zur Rauchunterdrückung in den Brandbereich strömt, über die Strömungsverbindung zum Außenbereich abströmen kann. Somit können bei geöffneter Tür zwischen Schutzbereich und Brandbereich die benötigten Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten durch offene Türen zum Brandbereich erzeugt werden.Furthermore, the method for maintaining a specified overpressure in a protection area can provide that, in the event of a fire in a fire area adjacent to the protection area, it is ensured by creating a flow connection to an outside area that when a door is opened between the protection area and the fire area, the volume flow from the protection area flows into the fire area for smoke suppression, can flow out via the flow connection to the outside area. Thus, when the door between the protection area and the fire area is open, the required flow velocities can be generated through open doors to the fire area.

Weitere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung auch hinsichtlich weiterer Merkmale und Vorteile anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben, die anhand der Abbildungen näher erläutert werden.The invention is also described below with regard to further features and advantages using exemplary embodiments which are explained in more detail using the figures.

Hierbei zeigen:

  • Abb. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einer Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage in einer ersten Ausführungsform.
  • Abb. 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einer Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage in einer zweiten Ausführungsform.
  • Abb. 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einer Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage in einer dritten Ausführungsform.
  • Abb. 4 eine schematische Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einer Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage in einer vierten Ausführungsform.
  • Abb. 5 eine schematische Darstellung der Signalverläufe der Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage gemäß der ersten und zweiten Ausführungsform.
  • Abb. 6 eine schematische Darstellung der Signalverläufe der Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage gemäß der dritten und vierten Ausführungsform.
Here show:
  • Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a building with a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system in a first embodiment.
  • Fig. 2 a schematic representation of a building with a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system in a second embodiment.
  • Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a building with a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system in a third embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 a schematic representation of a building with a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system in a fourth embodiment.
  • Fig. 5 a schematic representation of the signal curves of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the first and second embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 a schematic representation of the signal curves of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the third and fourth embodiment.

In der folgenden Beschreibung werden für gleiche und gleichwirkende Teile dieselben Bezugsziffern verwendet.In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for the same and equivalent parts.

Abb. 1 zeigt ein Gebäude mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage in einer ersten Ausführungsform. Das Gebäude umfasst einen Schutzbereich 10, der hier als Treppenhaus dargestellt ist, sowie einen durch Türen 2 mit dem Schutzbereich 10 verbundenen Brandbereich 40. Ein Zuluftventilator 11 ist am unteren Ende des Schutzbereichs am Gebäude angeordnet und erzeugt durch Ansaugen von Luft aus einem Außenbereich 30 einen Zuluft-Volumenstrom im Schutzbereich 10. Ein Zuluft-Frequenzumrichter 12 ist mit dem Zuluftventilator 11 verbunden und kann den von ihm erzeugten Zuluft-Volumenstrom steuern. Fig. 1 shows a building with a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the invention in a first embodiment. The building includes a protection area 10, which is shown here as a stairwell, and a fire area 40 connected to the protection area 10 by doors 2. A supply air fan 11 is arranged at the lower end of the protection area on the building and generates a Supply air flow rate in the protected area 10. A supply air frequency converter 12 is connected to the supply air fan 11 and can control the supply air flow rate generated by it.

Es ist auch möglich, dass der vom Zuluftventilator 11 erzeugte Zuluft-Volumenstrom über mehrere, strömungstechnisch miteinander verbundene Einblasbereiche auf den verschiedenen Etagen erfolgt (nicht in den Abbildungen gezeigt), wodurch eine gleichmäßigere Verteilung des Zuluft-Volumenstroms und damit eine Reduzierung des Durchströmungsdruckverlustes erreicht wird.It is also possible for the supply air volume flow generated by the supply air fan 11 to be blown in via a plurality of blowing areas which are fluidically connected to one another takes place on the different floors (not shown in the figures), whereby a more even distribution of the supply air volume flow and thus a reduction in the through-flow pressure loss is achieved.

Eine Steuerungseinrichtung 1 ist zur Steuerung des Zuluft-Frequenzumrichters 12 vorgesehen. Die Steuerungseinrichtung 1 ist darüber hinaus mit einem Drucksensor 4a verbunden, der am unteren Ende des Schutzbereichs 10 angeordnet ist und den Druck im Schutzbereich 10 detektiert. Der detektierte Druck wird von der Steuerungseinrichtung 1 erfasst. Wird durch den Drucksensor 4a ein Druck unterhalb des voreingestellten Mindestdrucks pmin im Schutzbereich 10erfasst, wird über den Zuluft-Frequenzumrichter 12 der Zuluftventilator 11 derart angesteuert, dass der Zuluft-Volumenstrom erhöht wird.A control device 1 is provided for controlling the supply air frequency converter 12 . The control device 1 is also connected to a pressure sensor 4a, which is arranged at the lower end of the protected area 10 and detects the pressure in the protected area 10 . The pressure detected is recorded by the control device 1 . If the pressure sensor 4a detects a pressure below the preset minimum pressure p min in the protected area 10, the supply air fan 11 is controlled via the supply air frequency converter 12 in such a way that the supply air volume flow is increased.

Am oberen Ende des Schutzbereichs 10 ist eine Druckregelklappe 14 angeordnet. Die Druckregelklappe 14 öffnet bei Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Überdrucks automatisch, wodurch vom Zuluftventilator 11 zugeführter Zuluft-Volumenstrom entweichen kann und der Druck im Schutzbereich 10 auf dem durch die Druckregelklappe 14 vorgegebenen Maximaldruck pmax gehalten wird. Bei abfallendem Druck im Schutzbereich 10 schließt die Druckregelklappe 14 wieder automatisch. Das automatische Öffnen und Schließen kann dabei entweder motorisiert erfolgen, oder die Druckregelklappe 14 arbeitet rein mechanisch, beispielsweise über ein Feder-Gestängesystem.A pressure control flap 14 is arranged at the upper end of the protective area 10 . The pressure control valve 14 opens automatically when a predetermined overpressure is reached, whereby the supply air volume flow supplied by the supply air fan 11 can escape and the pressure in the protected area 10 is kept at the maximum pressure p max specified by the pressure control valve 14 . When the pressure in the protected area 10 drops, the pressure control valve 14 closes again automatically. The automatic opening and closing can either be motorized, or the pressure control valve 14 works purely mechanically, for example via a spring-linkage system.

In der ersten sowie den folgenden Ausführungsformen ist stets exemplarisch die Brandetage als Brandbereich 40 bezeichnet. Alle exemplarisch auf den Brandbereich 40 bezogenen Erklärungen können in einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform auch in mehreren, nicht miteinander verbundenen Brandbereichen vorgesehen sein, die analog zu dem exemplarisch erläuterten Brandbereich 40 der vorliegenden Ausführungsformen ausgeführt sind.In the first and the following embodiments, the fire floor is always referred to as fire area 40 as an example. In an embodiment according to the invention, all explanations relating to the fire area 40 as an example can also be provided in several fire areas that are not connected to one another, which are designed analogously to the fire area 40 explained as an example in the present embodiments.

Im Brandfall öffnen sich im Brandbereich 40 automatisch ein oder mehrere Fenster 6, um eine Strömungsverbindung zwischen dem Brandbereich 40 und dem Außenbereich 30 herzustellen. Somit kann im Falle einer offenen Tür 2 zwischen Schutzbereich 10 und Brandbereich 40 ein vorgeschriebener Geschwindigkeitsaufbau von Zuluft aus dem Schutzbereich erreicht werden und der aus dem Schutzbereich 30 aufgebrachte Zuluft-Volumenstrom über den Brandbereich 40 durch das Fenster 6 in den Außenbereich 30 abströmen.In the event of a fire, one or more windows 6 open automatically in the fire area 40 in order to create a flow connection between the fire area 40 and the outside area 30 . Thus, in the case of an open door 2 between protection area 10 and fire area 40, a prescribed speed build-up of supply air from the protection area can be achieved and the supply air volume flow applied from protection area 30 can flow out via fire area 40 through window 6 into outside area 30.

Bei geschlossenen Türen 2 zwischen Schutzbereich 10 und Brandbereich 40 wird durch die Steuerung des Zuluft-Volumenstroms mittels des Zuluft-Frequenzumrichter 12 und der Druckregelklappe 14 gewährleistet, dass die Druckdifferenz zwischen Schutzbereich 10 und Brandbereich 40 einerseits ausreichend hoch ist, um ein Eindringen von Rauch in den Schutzbereich 10 zu verhindern, andererseits einen Maximalwert nicht überschreitet, so dass die zum Öffnen der Türen 2 benötigte Türöffnungskraft innerhalb der zulässigen Grenzen liegt, beispielsweise maximal 100N, gemessen an einer Türklinke 2a der Tür 2.With closed doors 2 between protection area 10 and fire area 40, the control of the supply air volume flow by means of the supply air frequency converter 12 and the pressure control damper 14 ensures that the pressure difference between protection area 10 and fire area 40 is high enough to prevent smoke from entering to prevent the protection area 10, on the other hand does not exceed a maximum value, so that the door opening force required to open the doors 2 is within the permissible limits, for example a maximum of 100N, measured on a door handle 2a of the door 2.

Abb. 2 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform der Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage. Das Gebäude weist wieder den Schutzbereich 10 und den angrenzenden Brandbereich 40 auf. Im unteren Teil des Schutzbereichs befindet sich außerdem eine Außentür 3, die im geöffneten Zustand eine erhebliche zusätzliche Leckage darstellt. Ein Türkontakt 4b erfasst das Öffnen und Schließen der Außentür 3 und leitet ein entsprechendes Signal an die Steuereinrichtung 1 weiter. Bei Öffnen der Außentür wird der Zuluft-Frequenzumrichter 12 entsprechend angesteuert, so dass der Zuluft-Volumenstrom ausreichend vergrößert wird. Bei Schließen der Tür wird der Zuluft-Volumenstrom reduziert. Druckspitzen, die aufgrund der Trägheit der Steuerung auftreten können und zu Überschreiten zulässiger Türöffnungskräfte führen könnten, werden durch automatisches Öffnen der Druckregelklappe 14 unterbunden. Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system. The building again has the protection area 10 and the adjoining fire area 40 . In addition, in the lower part of the protection area there is an outer door 3, which, when open, represents a significant additional leakage. A door contact 4b detects the opening and closing of the outer door 3 and forwards a corresponding signal to the control device 1. When the outer door is opened, the supply air frequency converter 12 is activated accordingly, so that the supply air volume flow is increased sufficiently. When the door is closed, the supply air volume flow is reduced. Pressure peaks, which can occur due to the inertia of the control and which could lead to the permissible door opening forces being exceeded, are prevented by automatically opening the pressure control flap 14 .

Im Brandfall öffnen, wie in der ersten Ausführungsform, automatisch ein oder mehrere Fenster 6 im Brandbereich 40, um bei geöffneten Türen 2 zum Brandbereich 40 ein Einströmen von Zuluft aus dem Schutzbereich 10 zur Rauchfreihaltung des Schutzbereichs 10 und gleichzeitig Abströmen des in den Brandbereich 40 eindringenden Volumenstroms in den Außenbereich 30 zu ermöglichen.In the event of a fire, as in the first embodiment, one or more windows 6 in the fire area 40 automatically open in order, when the doors 2 to the fire area 40 are open, to allow supply air to flow in from the protection area 10 in order to keep the protection area 10 free of smoke and at the same time to let out the air entering the fire area 40 Allow volume flow in the outdoor area 30.

Abb. 3 zeigt die Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage in einer dritten Ausführungsform. Der Aufbau des Schutzbereiches 10 und der darin zur Einhaltung der Druckdifferenz vorgesehenen Komponenten ist identisch mit der ersten Ausführungsform. Der Brandbereich 40 jedoch verfügt über keine direkte Anbindung zum Außenbereich 30 wie in der ersten Ausführungsform. Stattdessen ist der Brandbereich 40 über eine oder mehrere verschließbare Entrauchungsklappen 25 mit einem Abluftbereich 20 verbunden, der in der vorliegenden Abbildung als vertikaler Schacht ausgebildet ist. Im Brandfall werden die Entrauchungsklappen 25 automatisch geöffnet, um eine Strömungsverbindung zum Abluftbereich 20 herzustellen, über den der Zuluft-Volumenstrom in den Außenbereich 30 geführt wird. Fig. 3 shows the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system in a third embodiment. The structure of the protective area 10 and the components provided therein to maintain the pressure difference is identical to the first embodiment. However, the fire area 40 does not have a direct connection to the outside area 30 as in the first embodiment. Instead, the fire area 40 is connected to an exhaust air area 20 via one or more closable smoke extraction flaps 25, which is designed as a vertical shaft in the present illustration. In the event of a fire, the smoke extraction flaps 25 are automatically opened in order to create a flow connection to the exhaust air area 20 via which the supply air volume flow is routed to the outside area 30 .

Am oberen Ende des vertikalen Schachts ist ein Abluftventilator 21 angebracht, der einen Abluft-Volumenstrom vom Abluftbereich 20 in den Außenbereich 30 erzeugt, also aus dem Abluftbereich 20 einen Abluft-Volumenstrom absaugt. Dieser Abluftventiltor 21 ist analog dem Zuluftventilator 11 mit einem Abluft-Frequenzumrichter 22 verbunden, der den vom Abluftventilator erzeugten Abluft-Volumenstrom steuern kann und mit der Steuereinheit 1 verbunden ist. Im Brandbereich 40 befindet sich außerdem ein Drucksensor 4c, der den Druck im Brandbereich 40 detektiert und mit der Steuereinheit 1 in Wirkverbindung steht.An exhaust air fan 21 is attached to the upper end of the vertical shaft, which generates an exhaust air volume flow from the exhaust air area 20 to the outside area 30 , ie sucks off an exhaust air volume flow from the exhaust air area 20 . Like the supply air fan 11 , this exhaust air fan 21 is connected to an exhaust air frequency converter 22 which can control the exhaust air volume flow generated by the exhaust air fan and is connected to the control unit 1 . In the fire area 40 there is also a pressure sensor 4c which detects the pressure in the fire area 40 and is in operative connection with the control unit 1 .

Im Brandfall öffnen sich die Entrauchungsklappen 25 und stellen eine Strömungsverbindung zwischen Brandbereich 40 und Abluftbereich 20 her. Der Abluftventilator wird mittels des Abluft-Frequenzumrichters 22 von der Steuereinheit auf Basis der detektierten Druckwerte im Schutzbereich 10 und im Brandbereich 40 gesteuert, und kann so zum schnelleren Aufbau eines vorgegebenen Volumenstroms durch eine geöffnete Tür 2 beitragen.In the event of a fire, the smoke extraction flaps 25 open and create a flow connection between the fire area 40 and the exhaust air area 20 . The exhaust fan is controlled by the control unit using the exhaust air frequency converter 22 on the basis of the pressure values detected in the protection area 10 and in the fire area 40, and can thus contribute to the faster build-up of a specified volume flow through an open door 2.

Als zusätzliche Sicherheit ist im Abluftbereich 20 eine Regelklappe 24 angeordnet. Diese wirkt zu großen Unterdrücken im Abluftbereich 20 entgegen, indem sie automatisch öffnet, wenn der Unterdruck im Abluftbereich 20 einen vorbestimmten Wert überschreitet, und Fehlluft in den Abluftbereich 20 nachströmen lässt. Schließt sich im Brandfall eine Tür 2 zwischen Brandbereich 40 und Schutzbereich 10, kann durch Öffnen der Regelklappe 24 eine Spitze der Druckdifferenz zwischen Schutzbereich 10 und Brandbereich 40 verhindert werden, die dazu führen würde, dass die Tür 2 nicht geöffnet werden kann.A control flap 24 is arranged in the exhaust air area 20 for additional security. This counteracts excessive negative pressures in the exhaust air area 20 by automatically opening when the negative pressure in the exhaust air area 20 exceeds a predetermined value and allowing excess air to flow into the exhaust air area 20 . If a door 2 between fire area 40 and protection area 10 closes in the event of a fire, a peak in the pressure difference between protection area 10 and fire area 40 can be prevented by opening control flap 24, which would result in door 2 not being able to be opened.

Der Abluftbereich 20 kann also eine Strömungsverbindung zum Außenbereich 30 von Brandbereichen 40 schaffen, die über keine Anbindung zur Gebäudehülle verfügen. Es ist hierbei auch möglich, dass der Abluftbereich 20 als horizontaler Schacht ausgebildet ist (nicht in der Abbildung gezeigt), oder dass der Abluftbereich 20 keinen Abluftventilator 21 und/oder Regelklappe 24 aufweist und somit nur eine natürliche Abströmung in den Außenbereich 30 ermöglicht wird.The exhaust air area 20 can therefore create a flow connection to the outside area 30 of fire areas 40 that have no connection to the building shell. It is also possible here that the exhaust air area 20 is designed as a horizontal shaft (not shown in the figure), or that the exhaust air area 20 does not have an exhaust air fan 21 and/or control flap 24 and thus only a natural outflow into the outside area 30 is possible.

Abb. 4 zeigt eine vierte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage. Der Aufbau des Schutzbereiches 10 und der darin zur Einhaltung der Druckdifferenz vorgesehenen Komponenten ist wieder identisch mit der ersten Ausführungsform. Der Brandbereich 40 ist wieder über Entrauchungsklappen 25 mit einem Abluftbereich 20 verbunden, dessen Ausführung dem in der dritten Ausführungsform entspricht. Zur Detektion von veränderlichen Betriebsbedingungen der Anlage sind in der vierten Ausführungsform Türkontakte 4d an den Türen 2 angebracht, die ein Öffnen und Schließen der Türen 2 detektieren und von der Steuereinheit 1 ausgelesen werden. Im Brandfall werden die Entrauchungsklappen 25 automatisch geöffnet. Der Abluft-Volumenstrom wird auf Basis der Signale der Türkontakte 4d gesteuert. Im Falle einer sich schließenden Tür 2 wird Druckspitzen an der Tür 2 durch die kombinierte Wirkung der Druckregelklappe 14 im Schutzbereich 10 und der Regelklappe 24 im Abluftbereich 20 entgegengewirkt, wobei gleichzeitig durch die Zuluft- und Abluft-Frequenzumrichter 12 und 22 die Leistung des Zuluftventilators 11 und des Abluftventilators 21 zurückgefahren werden kann. Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the invention. The structure of the protective area 10 and the components provided therein to maintain the pressure difference is again identical to the first embodiment. The fire area 40 is again connected via smoke extraction flaps 25 to an exhaust air area 20, the design of which corresponds to that in the third embodiment. In order to detect changing operating conditions of the system, door contacts 4d are attached to the doors 2 in the fourth embodiment, which contacts detect opening and closing of the doors 2 and are read out by the control unit 1 . In the event of a fire, the smoke extraction flaps 25 are opened automatically. The exhaust air volume flow is controlled on the basis of the signals from the door contacts 4d. In the event of a closing door 2, pressure peaks at door 2 are counteracted by the combined action of the pressure control damper 14 in the protection area 10 and the control damper 24 in the exhaust air area 20, with the supply air and exhaust air frequency converters 12 and 22 simultaneously increasing the output of the supply air fan 11 and the exhaust fan 21 can be retracted.

Abb. 5 stellt die Signalverläufe des aktiv geregelten Teils der Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage zur Steuerung des Zuluft-Volumenstroms dar. Drucksensoren 4a und/oder Türkontakte 4b im Schutzbereich 10 detektieren ein Drucksignal und/oder Türöffnungssignal, das an die Steuereinheit 1 geleitet wird und von dieser ausgelesen wird. Sich verändernde Betriebsbedingungen im Schutzbereich, beispielsweise durch sich öffnende oder schließende Türen, werden durch die Sensoren 4a oder 4b erfasst, die mit der Steuereinheit 1 in Wirkverbindung stehen. Die Steuereinheit 1 ermittelt auf dieser Grundlage ein Steuersignal, das sie an den Zuluft-Frequenzumrichter 12 weitergibt, der den vom Zuluftventilator 11 erzeugten Zuluft-Volumenstrom durch Änderung der Drehzahl des Zuluftventilators 11 an die veränderten Betriebsbedingungen anpassen kann. Es ist auch denkbar, dass die Steuereinheit 1 mit einem oder mehreren Detektoren zur Registrierung eines Brandes im Brandbereich 40 (nicht gezeigt), wie Rauchmelder oder dergleichen verbunden ist, und darüber hinaus bei Erfassung eines Brandes die Öffnung eines Fensters im Brandbereich 40 über einen daran vorgesehenen Motor (nicht gezeigt) veranlasst, indem sie einen entsprechenden Steuerbefehl an den Motor übermittelt, um ein Abströmen von Rauch in den Außenbereich 30 zu ermöglichen. Fig. 5 shows the signal curves of the actively controlled part of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system for controlling the supply air volume flow. Pressure sensors 4a and/or door contacts 4b in the protected area 10 detect a pressure signal and/or door opening signal, which is sent to the control unit 1 and read out by it becomes. Changing operating conditions in the protected area, for example due to doors opening or closing, are detected by the sensors 4a or 4b, which are operatively connected to the control unit 1. On this basis, the control unit 1 determines a control signal, which it forwards to the supply air frequency converter 12, which can adapt the supply air volume flow generated by the supply air fan 11 to the changed operating conditions by changing the speed of the supply air fan 11. It is also conceivable that the control unit 1 is connected to one or more detectors for registering a fire in the fire area 40 (not shown), such as smoke detectors or the like, and, in addition, when a fire is detected, the opening of a window in the fire area 40 via a window thereon provided motor (not shown) caused by transmitting a corresponding control command to the motor to allow smoke to escape to the outside area 30.

Abb. 6 zeigt die Signalverläufe der aktiv geregelten Teile der Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage gemäß der dritten und vierten Ausführungsform. Zusätzlich zur in Abb. 5 gezeigten Signalerfassung und Regelung im Schutzbereich 10 umfasst die Anlage hier Drucksensoren 4c und/oder Türkontakte 4d, die ein Drucksignal und/oder Türöffnungssignal im Brandbereich 40 detektieren. Auf Basis dieses Signals kann die Steuereinheit 1 bei sich verändernden Betriebsbedingungen den Abluft-Frequenzumrichter 22 ansteuern, der wiederum den vom Abluftventilator 21 erzeugten Abluftvolumenstrom durch Änderung der Drehzahl des Abluftventilators 21 an die veränderten Betriebsbedingungen anpassen kann. Auch hier ist es denkbar, dass Detektoren zur Registrierung eines Brandes im Brandbereich 40 (nicht gezeigt) wie Rauchmelder oder dergleichen mit der Steuereinheit 1 verbunden sind und die Steuereinheit 1 im Brandfall die Öffnung von Entrauchungsklappen 25 im Brandbereich 40 über einen daran vorgesehenen Motor (nicht gezeigt) veranlasst, indem sie einen entsprechenden Steuerbefehl an den Motor übermittelt, um das Abströmen von Rauch in den Abluftbereich 20 zu ermöglichen. Fig. 6 shows the signal curves of the actively controlled parts of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the third and fourth embodiment. In addition to the in Fig. 5 shown signal detection and control in the protection area 10, the system here includes pressure sensors 4c and / or door contacts 4d, which detect a pressure signal and / or door opening signal in the fire area 40. Based on this signal, the control unit 1 can control the exhaust air frequency converter 22 when the operating conditions change, which in turn can adjust the exhaust air volume flow generated by the exhaust air fan 21 by changing the speed of the exhaust air fan 21 to the changed operating conditions. Here, too, it is conceivable that detectors for registering a fire in fire area 40 (not shown), such as smoke detectors or the like, are connected to control unit 1 and, in the event of a fire, control unit 1 allows smoke extraction flaps 25 to open in fire area 40 via a motor provided thereon (not shown) caused by transmitting a corresponding control command to the engine to allow the flow of smoke into the exhaust air area 20.

Durch die zusätzliche Ansteuerungsmöglichkeit des Abluftventilators 21 kann einerseits ein zuverlässiges Abströmen von Rauch aus dem Brandbereich 40 in den Außenbereich 30 sichergestellt werden, wenn dieser keine direkte Anbindung an die Gebäudehülle aufweist. Durch die Erfassung der Betriebsbedingungen sowohl im Schutzbereich 10 als auch im Brandbereich 40 kann darüber hinaus die Steuerung der Zuluft- und Abluft-Volumenströme in Abstimmung miteinander erfolgen, wodurch ein synchronisiertes System geschaffen wird, mit dem eine präzisere und zuverlässigere Steuerung der Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage erreicht werden kann.The additional possibility of controlling the exhaust air fan 21 can ensure, on the one hand, that smoke can reliably flow out of the fire area 40 into the outside area 30 if this area is not directly connected to the building shell. In addition, by detecting the operating conditions in both the protected area 10 and the fire area 40, the control of the supply air and exhaust air volume flows can be coordinated with one another, thereby creating a synchronized system with which a more precise and reliable control of the hybrid smoke protection Differential pressure system can be achieved.

Nicht in Abb. 5 und 6 gezeigt sind die passiven Komponenten der jeweiligen Formen der Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage, die im Falle der Druckregelklappe 14 im Schutzbereich 10 (siehe Abb. 1-4) dem Überschreiten eines Maximaldrucks im Schutzbereich 10 vorbeugen, und im Falle der Regelklappe 24 im Abluftbereich 20 (siehe Abb. 3-4) Druckdifferenzspitzen zwischen Schutzbereich 10 und Brandbereich 40 verhindern.Not in Fig. 5 and 6 shown are the passive components of the respective forms of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system, which in the case of the pressure control valve 14 in the protection area 10 (see Fig. 1-4 ) dem Prevent exceeding a maximum pressure in the protection area 10, and in the case of the control flap 24 in the exhaust air area 20 (see Fig. 3-4 ) Prevent pressure difference peaks between protection area 10 and fire area 40.

Bezugszeichenliste:Reference list:

1010
Schutzbereichprotection area
1111
Zuluftventilatorsupply air fan
1212
Zuluft-FrequenzumrichterSupply air frequency converter
1414
Druckregelklappepressure control valve
2020
Abluftbereichexhaust area
2121
Abluftventilatorexhaust fan
2222
Abluft-FrequenzumrichterExhaust air frequency converter
2424
Regelklappedamper
2525
Entrauchungsklappesmoke extraction damper
3030
Außenbereichoutdoor area
4040
Brandbereichfire area
11
Steuerungseinrichtungcontrol device
22
Türdoor
2a2a
Türklinkedoorknob
33
Außentürouter door
4a4a
Drucksensorpressure sensor
4b4b
Türkontaktdoor contact
4c4c
Drucksensorpressure sensor
4d4d
Türkontaktdoor contact
66
FensterWindow

Claims (16)

  1. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation for keeping a protected region (10) in a building smoke-free in order to achieve a minimum pressure difference from a fire region (40) adjacent to the protected region (10), wherein at the same time a maximum pressure difference is not exceeded, comprising a supply air fan (11) for generating a supply air volume flow into the protected region (10), a pressure control flap (14) which can be arranged between the protected region (10) and an outer region and opens without auxiliary energy at a preset overpressure in order to counteract an exceeding of the maximum pressure difference,
    characterized in that
    - the supply air fan (11) interacts with a supply air frequency converter (12) in such a way that the supply air volume flow generated by the supply air fan (11) can be adjusted,
    - a protected region measuring device for determining the operating conditions of the smoke protection differential pressure installation is included in the protected region (10),
    wherein a control device (1) is further provided which, on the basis of the signals of the protected region measuring device, carries out an actuation of the supply air frequency converter (12) in such a way that
    - the falling below a predetermined minimum pressure is counteracted by increasing the supply air volume flow,
    - the exceeding of a predetermined maximum pressure is counteracted by reducing the supply air volume flow,
    - and at the same time a pressure reduction by opening an outflow opening without auxiliary energy is made possible via the pressure control flap when a predetermined overpressure is reached, and that the supply air volume flow leads to the achievement of a pressure difference which is above the minimum pressure difference.
  2. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the protected region measuring device for determining the operating state of the smoke protection differential pressure installation comprises a pressure sensor (4a) with which the pressure in the protected region (10) can be detected.
  3. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the protected region measuring device for determining the operating state of the smoke protection differential pressure installation comprises one or more door contacts (4b) with which an opening and closing of doors (3) between the protected region (10) and the outer region (30) can be detected.
  4. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the injection of the supply air volume flow into the protected region (10) is effected via a plurality of injection points.
  5. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an outflow device can be arranged in the fire region (40), via which a flow connection to the outer region (30) can be established at least in the event of fire, so that the supply air volume flow applied by the supply air fan (11) can flow out of the building through the outflow device.
  6. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 5, characterized in that the outflow device comprises a window (6) which is automatically opened at least in the event of a fire, via which a flow connection can be established with the outer region (30).
  7. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 5, characterized in that the outflow device comprises a smoke extraction flap (25) which is automatically opened at least in the event of fire and can be arranged in such a way that a flow connection can be established with an exhaust air region (20), in particular comprising an exhaust air duct, which is in flow connection with the outer region (30).
  8. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 7, comprising an exhaust air fan (21) which extracts an exhaust air volume flow from the exhaust air region (20).
  9. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 8, comprising an exhaust air frequency converter (22) which cooperates with the exhaust air fan (21) in such a way that the exhaust air volume flow generated by the exhaust air fan (21) is adjustable, and a fire region measuring device which can be arranged in the fire region (40) for determining the operating conditions of the smoke protection differential pressure installation in the fire region (40).
  10. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 9, wherein the control device (1), on the basis of the signals of the fire region measuring device, carries out an activation of the exhaust air frequency converter (22) in such a way that, at least in the event of a fire, a pressure difference between the protected region (10) and the fire region (40) is achieved within the predetermined limits.
  11. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 10, further comprising a control flap (24) which can be arranged between the exhaust air region (20) and the outer region (30) and opens when a preset maximum negative pressure in the exhaust air region (20) is exceeded in order to allow infiltrated air to flow into the exhaust air region (20) and thus to prevent the maximum negative pressure from being exceeded.
  12. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 7 to 11, characterized in that the fire region measuring device comprises a pressure sensor (4c) with which the pressure in the fire region (40) can be detected.
  13. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 5 to 11, characterized in that the fire region measuring device comprises one or more door contacts (4d) with which an opening and closing of doors between the protected region (10) and the fire region (40) can be detected.
  14. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of separate fire regions (40) are connected to the protected region (10).
  15. Method for maintaining a predetermined overpressure in a protected region, wherein a supply air volume flow is supplied to the protected region via a supply air fan to achieve the predetermined overpressure, wherein the supply air fan is further activated such that
    - the falling below a predetermined minimum pressure is counteracted by increasing the supply air volume flow,
    - the exceeding of a predetermined maximum pressure is counteracted by reducing the supply air volume flow,
    - and at the same time a pressure reduction by opening a discharge opening without auxiliary energy is made possible via a pressure control flap when a predetermined overpressure is reached.
  16. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that, in the event of a fire in a fire region adjacent to the protected region, it is ensured by creating a flow connection to an outer region that when a door is opened between the protected region and the fire region, the volume flow which flows from the protected region into the fire region for smoke suppression can flow away via the flow connection to the outer region.
EP15162854.2A 2015-04-08 2015-04-08 Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation Active EP3078918B2 (en)

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EP15162854.2A EP3078918B2 (en) 2015-04-08 2015-04-08 Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation
ES15162854T ES2833379T5 (en) 2015-04-08 2015-04-08 Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation and procedure for maintaining overpressure
DE102016106429.7A DE102016106429A1 (en) 2015-04-08 2016-04-08 Hybrid smoke control differential pressure system

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DE102017124623A1 (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 Defumus Rauchschutz-Technik GmbH Smoke protection pressure system and method for operating a smoke protection pressure system

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DE20113242U1 (en) * 2001-08-09 2001-10-31 Ostertag, Dieter, Dr.-Ing., 82396 Pähl Security stairwell for a high-rise building
DE202004016229U1 (en) * 2004-10-19 2005-01-05 Leithner, Hans Joachim Overpressure of air generator e.g. for emergency and escape stair cases, has blower, with mechanism for maintaining given excess air pressure in escape stairway
DE102005053590B4 (en) * 2005-11-10 2008-11-13 Eidmann, Fritz Jürgen Smoke protection system and method for removing smoke from fire areas of a building and the smoke-free escape of escape routes of the building
DE102011001260B3 (en) 2011-03-14 2012-08-30 Jürgen Eidmann Smoke control system
DE102011001261A1 (en) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-20 Jürgen Eidmann Smoke protection pressure system and method for keeping smoke in a refuge space

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EP3078918A1 (en) 2016-10-12
ES2833379T5 (en) 2024-04-29
DE102016106429A1 (en) 2016-10-13
EP3078918B1 (en) 2020-10-14
ES2833379T3 (en) 2021-06-15

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