EP3078918A1 - Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system for keeping smoke in a protected area (10) in a building to achieve a minimum pressure difference to a fire area (40) adjacent to the protection area (10), wherein at the same time a maximum pressure difference is not exceeded, comprising a supply air fan (11 ) for generating a supply air volume flow in the protection area (10), which cooperates with a supply air frequency converter (12) such that the supply air volumetric flow generated by the supply air fan (11) is adjustable, a protection range measuring device for determining the operating conditions of smoke protection Differential pressure system in the protected area (10), a pressure regulating flap (14) which is arranged between the protective area (10) and an outer area (30) and opens at a preset excess pressure to counteract exceeding the maximum pressure difference, wherein further a control device (1) is provided, which carries out a control of the supply air frequency converter (12) on the basis of the signals of the protective range measuring device in such a way that the supply air volume flow leads to the achievement of a pressure difference, which is above the minimum pressure difference.

Description

The invention relates to a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system for keeping smoke in a protected area in a building, as well as a method for maintaining a predetermined overpressure in a protective area according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and of patent claim 15.

Smoke protection differential pressure systems are used to keep smoke free areas to be protected in case of fire. These are often escape routes such as stairwells or escape tunnels, which are connected by doors with potential fire areas. Smoke-free is an important prerequisite to ensure safe evacuation of people from the fire area and access to the fire area for fire fighting by the fire department.

In case of fire with smoke, smoke protection differential pressure systems generate an overpressure in the protected area. This creates a positive pressure gradient between the protected area and the fire area, thus preventing the spread of smoke in the former. According to national and European standardization, certain criteria have to be met.

With the doors closed between the protective and fire areas, the overpressure in the protected area must be limited so that self-rescue from the fire area remains possible. As the overpressure in the protected area increases, the door opening force increases, so that it is no longer possible for all persons to open the door and escape if the overpressure in the protected area is too high. On the other hand, when the doors are open, a minimum flow velocity through the door opening must be established between the protection and the fire area in order to ensure smoke-free protection of the protected area even when the door is open.

In addition, according to DIN EN 12101-6, the system must respond to changing operating conditions such as open or closed doors in no more than three seconds, which requires a short reaction time of the fire protection system.

For the fulfillment of the above-mentioned conditions, smoke protection systems are known whose control principles can essentially be subdivided into regulated systems with and without (auxiliary) electrical energy.

Controlled systems with auxiliary power have sensors in the protection area, which usually detect the pressure in the protected area. On the basis of this signal, a fan, which supplies a supply air volume flow to the protected area and generates the overpressure, is regulated in such a way that the required volume flow is adjusted to the protected area. These systems allow the realization of smoke protection systems with different volume flows, which can react to changing conditions in the protected area. Under certain circumstances, the regulation time according to EN 120101 can not be guaranteed.

In regulated systems without auxiliary power, a supply air fan generates a constant supply air volume flow into the protected area. The pressure is controlled by a mechanically operated pressure control flap. This opens at a preset overpressure and thus creates a flow path from the protection area to the outside, in order to counteract the excessively high overpressure in the protected area. When pressure drops, for example due to an opening door in the protected area, the pressure control flap closes again. These systems have short reaction times and are susceptible to interference by the passive control. However, with a regulated system without Power supply can not be responded to any operating conditions, since the supply air flow rate is not directly controlled.

The known systems are either not able to reliably comply with the pressure conditions mentioned above, or are too slow in the scheme.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a smoke protection differential pressure system and a method for controlling the same, which meets the legal requirements regarding the pressure differences and the reaction time and has a high efficiency.

The object is achieved by a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to claim 1, and a method for controlling the same according to claim 15.

• einen Zuluftventilator zur Erzeugung eines Zuluft-Volumenstroms in den Schutzbereich, der mit einem Zuluft-Frequenzumrichter zusammenwirkt, derart dass der vom Zuluftventilator erzeugte Zuluft-Volumenstrom einstellbar ist,
• eine Schutzbereich-Messeinrichtung zur Bestimmung der Betriebsbedingungen der Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage im Schutzbereich,
• eine Druckregelklappe, die zwischen dem Schutzbereich und einem Außenbereich angeordnet ist und bei einem voreingestellten Überdruck öffnet, um einer Überschreitung der Maximaldruckdifferenz entgegenzuwirken.

In particular, the object is achieved by a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system which, for the smoke-free maintenance of a protected area in a building to achieve a minimum pressure difference to a fire area adjacent to the protection area, wherein at the same time a maximum pressure difference is not exceeded, comprises:

• a supply air fan for generating a supply air volume flow in the protection area, which cooperates with a supply air frequency converter, such that the supply air volume flow generated by the supply air fan is adjustable,
• a protection range measuring device for determining the operating conditions of the smoke protection differential pressure system in the protected area,
• a pressure regulating flap, which is arranged between the protective area and an outer area and opens at a preset overpressure, in order to counteract an exceeding of the maximum pressure difference.

Further, in the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system, a control device is provided, which carries out a control of the supply air frequency converter on the basis of the signals of the protection range measuring device in such a way that the supply air volume flow leads to a pressure difference which is above the minimum pressure difference.

The main advantage of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the invention lies in the fact that an auxiliary power regulated system consisting of supply air frequency converter and supply air fan with a without Power-regulated system is combined in the form of the pressure control valve, so as to combine the advantages of both control systems in a hybrid system. This leads to a system with the compensation options of a regulated system with auxiliary power, which also has the reaction time and safety of regulated systems without auxiliary power. Thus, it is possible to react to the changing operating conditions in the shortest possible time, taking into account the normative specifications. In the event of additional leakages, such as those caused by opening external doors or opening doors to rooms with open windows, the supply air flow rate can be increased by the interaction of the supply air frequency inverter and the supply air fan to provide a minimum pressure difference between the protected area and the fire area to maintain. The pressure control flap opens at a preset overpressure and thus quickly and reliably counteracts pressure peaks caused by closing doors.

To detect the current operating conditions in the protected area, the protected area measuring device preferably comprises a pressure sensor which detects the pressure in the protected area. This makes it possible to detect a pressure drop in the protected area and to adapt the supply air volume flow accordingly to maintain the minimum pressure difference.

Furthermore, it is possible for the protected area measuring device to comprise one or more door contacts which detect the opening of doors, in particular exterior doors. This allows reliable control of the supply air volume flow, taking into account leaks, in particular by opening external doors, which represent a large additional leakage in the protected area.

In one embodiment, the blowing of the supply air volume flow into the protected area takes place via a plurality of injection points. This leads to a more even supply of the supply air volume flow in the protection area and thus to a smaller pressure gradient in the protection area.

Preferably, in the fire area, a discharge device is provided, via which, at least in case of fire, a flow connection to the outside area can be produced so that the supply air volume flow applied by the supply air fan can flow out of the building through the outflow device. This is to build up the required flow rates through open doors to the fire area required, because the pressure required for smoke suppression over the fire area otherwise can not be maintained.

The outflow device may comprise a window which is arranged in the fire area to the outside area and is automatically opened at least in case of fire in order to establish a flow connection with the outside area. This realization of the outflow device is inexpensive and technically easy to implement.

Furthermore, the outflow device may comprise a smoke control flap, which is arranged between the fire area and an exhaust air area and is automatically opened at least in case of fire in order to establish a flow connection between fire area and exhaust air area. The exhaust air area is in flow communication with the outside area and thus allows smoke to escape from the fire area to the outside. In the absence of direct connection of the fire area to the building envelope to the outside, the necessary connection to the outside area can be realized with this outflow device. The exhaust air area may in particular comprise an exhaust duct, which is structurally often provided and easy to implement.

In addition, an exhaust fan may be provided in the exhaust air area. This exhaust fan has the task to reduce the pressure losses of the outflowing air in the discharge shaft. This can set a door flow rate.

Preferably, the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system further comprises an exhaust air frequency converter, which cooperates with the exhaust fan, such that the exhaust air volume flow generated by the exhaust fan is adjustable, and a fire range measuring device in the fire area for determining the operating conditions of the smoke protection differential pressure system in the fire area ,

Preferably, the control device provided for controlling the supply air volume flow is also connected to the exhaust air frequency converter, based on the signals of the fire range measuring device to control the exhaust air frequency converter in such a way that at least in case of fire, a pressure difference between the protected area and fire area within the predetermined limits is reached.

In a preferred embodiment, a control flap is further provided in the exhaust air area, which is arranged between the exhaust air area and the outer area and opens when a preset maximum negative pressure in the exhaust air area is exceeded, to allow incorrect air to flow into the exhaust air area and thus to avoid exceeding the maximum negative pressure.

Preferably, the fire area measuring device comprises a pressure sensor which detects the pressure in the fire area. This pressure sensor is read out by the control unit. Based on the measured pressure signal in the fire area, the control of the exhaust fan can be adapted more precisely to changing operating conditions of the system.

Furthermore, it is possible for the fire area measuring device to comprise one or more door contacts which detect opening and closing of doors between the protected area and the fire area. The exhaust fan can be controlled based on this signal. As a result, pressure peaks on the door can be counteracted in the case of a closing door between the protected area and the fire area and the permissible door opening force can be maintained.

The hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the invention can be provided for the smoke-free protection of a protection area, with which several separate fire areas are connected.

• der Unterschreitung eines vorgegebenen Minimaldrucks durch Erhöhung des Zuluft-Volumenstroms entgegengewirkt wird,
• der Überschreitung eines vorgegebenen Maximaldrucks durch Reduktion des Zuluft-Volumenstroms entgegengewirkt wird
• und gleichzeitig über eine Druckregelklappe bei Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Überdrucks eine Druckreduktion durch Eröffnen einer Abströmöffnung ermöglicht wird. Dieses Verfahren vereint die Vorteile einer geregelten Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage mit Hilfsenergie mit den Vorteilen einer geregelten Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage ohne Hilfsenergie und gewährleistet einen sicheren Betrieb der Anlage unter Einhaltung der vorgeschriebenen Druckdifferenzen, ermöglicht durch den variablen Zuluft-Volumenstrom einen Betrieb bei unterschiedlichsten Betriebsbedingungen wie sich öffnenden Außentüren und gewährleistet eine kurze Reaktionszeit auf sich ändernde Betriebsbedingungen.

The invention further comprises a method for maintaining a predetermined overpressure in a protected area, wherein an air supply volume flow to achieve the predetermined overpressure is supplied to the protected area via a supply air fan, wherein the supply air fan is further controlled so that

• the undershooting of a predetermined minimum pressure is counteracted by increasing the supply air volume flow,
• the exceeding of a predetermined maximum pressure by reducing the supply air volume flow is counteracted
• and at the same time a pressure reduction by opening a discharge opening is made possible by a pressure control flap upon reaching a predetermined overpressure. This process combines the advantages of a regulated smoke protection differential pressure system with auxiliary power with the advantages of a regulated smoke protection differential pressure system without auxiliary power and ensures safe operation of the system while maintaining the prescribed pressure differences, allows the variable supply air volume flow operation in a variety of operating conditions such as opening external doors and ensures a short reaction time to changing operating conditions ,

Furthermore, the method for maintaining a predetermined overpressure in a protected area can provide that in case of fire in a fire area adjacent to the protected area by creating a flow connection to an outdoor area is ensured that when opening a door between the protected area and fire area of the flow that of the protected area flows for smoke suppression in the fire area, can flow through the flow connection to the outside. Thus, with the door open between the protected area and the fire area, the required flow velocities can be generated through open doors to the fire area.

Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention will also be described in terms of further features and advantages based on embodiments, which are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

• Abb. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einer Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage in einer ersten Ausführungsform.
• Abb. 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einer Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage in einer zweiten Ausführungsform.
• Abb. 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einer Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage in einer dritten Ausführungsform.
• Abb. 4 eine schematische Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einer Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage in einer vierten Ausführungsform.
• Abb. 5 eine schematische Darstellung der Signalverläufe der Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage gemäß der ersten und zweiten Ausführungsform.
• Abb. 6 eine schematische Darstellung der Signalverläufe der Hybrid-Rauchschutz-Differenzdruckanlage gemäß der dritten und vierten Ausführungsform.

Hereby show:

• Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a building with a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system in a first embodiment.
• Fig. 2 a schematic representation of a building with a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system in a second embodiment.
• Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a building with a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system in a third embodiment.
• Fig. 4 a schematic representation of a building with a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system in a fourth embodiment.
• Fig. 5 a schematic representation of the waveforms of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the first and second embodiments.
• Fig. 6 a schematic representation of the waveforms of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the third and fourth embodiment.

In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for the same and equivalent parts.

Fig. 1 shows a building with a hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the invention in a first embodiment. The building comprises a protection area 10, which is here shown as a staircase, and a fire area 40 connected by doors 2 to the protection area 10. A supply air fan 11 is arranged at the lower end of the protection area on the building and generates by suctioning air from an exterior area 30 Supply air volume flow in the protected area 10. An incoming air frequency converter 12 is connected to the supply air fan 11 and can control the supply air volume flow generated by it.

It is also possible for the supply air volume flow generated by the supply air fan 11 to take place via a plurality of fluidically connected injection regions on the different levels (not shown in the figures), thereby achieving a more even distribution of the supply air volume flow and thus a reduction in the throughflow pressure loss ,

A control device 1 is provided for controlling the supply air frequency converter 12. The control device 1 is also connected to a pressure sensor 4 a, which is arranged at the lower end of the protection area 10 and detects the pressure in the protection area 10. The detected pressure is detected by the control device 1. If a pressure below the preset minimum pressure p _min in the protected area 10 is detected by the pressure sensor 4 a, the supply air fan 11 is controlled via the supply air frequency converter 12 such that the supply air volume flow is increased.

At the upper end of the protection area 10, a pressure regulating flap 14 is arranged. The pressure control valve 14 opens automatically upon reaching a predetermined overpressure, whereby supply air volume flow supplied by the supply air fan 11 can escape and the pressure in the protection area 10 is maintained at the maximum pressure p _max predetermined by the pressure control flap 14. With decreasing pressure in the protection area 10, the pressure control flap 14 closes automatically again. The automatic opening and closing can be done either motorized, or the pressure control valve 14 operates purely mechanically, for example via a spring-linkage system.

In the first and the following embodiments, the fire floor is always designated by way of example as a fire area 40. In an embodiment according to the invention, all explanations related to the fire area 40 can also be provided in a plurality of fire areas which are not connected to one another and which are embodied analogously to the exemplary fire area 40 of the present embodiments.

In case of fire, one or more windows 6 automatically open in the fire area 40 in order to establish a flow connection between the fire area 40 and the outside area 30. Thus, in the case of an open door 2 between the protection area 10 and the fire area 40, a prescribed speed build-up of supply air from the protection area can be achieved and the supply air volume flow applied from the protection area 30 can flow out through the window 6 into the exterior area 30 via the fire area 40.

With closed doors 2 between protected area 10 and fire area 40 is ensured by the control of the supply air volume flow by means of Zuluft frequency converter 12 and the pressure control valve 14 that the pressure difference between the protection area 10 and fire area 40 on the one hand sufficiently high to prevent ingress of smoke on the other hand, to prevent the protection area 10, on the other hand does not exceed a maximum value, so that the door opening force required to open the doors 2 is within the allowable limits, for example, a maximum of 100N, measured on a door latch 2a of the door second

Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system. The building again has the protection area 10 and the adjacent fire area 40. In the lower part of the protection area is also an outer door 3, which represents a significant additional leakage in the open state. A door contact 4b detects the opening and closing the outer door 3 and forwards a corresponding signal to the control device 1 on. When opening the outer door of the supply air frequency inverter 12 is driven accordingly, so that the supply air flow rate is sufficiently increased. When closing the door, the supply air volume flow is reduced. Pressure peaks that could occur due to the inertia of the controller and could lead to exceeding allowable door opening forces are prevented by automatically opening the pressure control valve 14.

In case of fire, as in the first embodiment, automatically open one or more windows 6 in the fire area 40 to open doors 2 to the fire area 40 an inflow of supply air from the protection area 10 for smoke-free protection of the protection area 10 and at the same time flowing out of the fire area 40 penetrating Volume flow to allow outdoor area 30.

Fig. 3 shows the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system in a third embodiment. The structure of the protection region 10 and the components provided therein for maintaining the pressure difference is identical to the first embodiment. However, the fire area 40 has no direct connection to the outside area 30 as in the first embodiment. Instead, the fire area 40 is connected via one or more closable smoke extraction flaps 25 to an exhaust air area 20, which in the present illustration is designed as a vertical shaft. In the event of fire, the smoke control dampers 25 are automatically opened in order to establish a flow connection to the exhaust air region 20, via which the supply air volume flow is led into the outer region 30.

At the upper end of the vertical shaft, an exhaust fan 21 is mounted, which generates an exhaust air volume flow from the exhaust air region 20 in the outer region 30, that sucks a waste air volume flow from the exhaust air region 20. This exhaust air valve 21 is analogous to the supply air fan 11 connected to an exhaust air frequency converter 22 which can control the exhaust air volumetric flow generated by the exhaust fan and is connected to the control unit 1. In the fire area 40 is also a pressure sensor 4c, which detects the pressure in the fire area 40 and is in operative connection with the control unit 1.

In the event of fire, the smoke control dampers 25 open and establish a flow connection between the fire area 40 and the exhaust air area 20. The exhaust fan is by means of the exhaust air frequency converter 22 of the Controlled control unit based on the detected pressure values in the protection area 10 and in the fire area 40, and so can contribute to the faster construction of a given volume flow through an open door 2.

As additional security, a control flap 24 is arranged in the exhaust air area 20. This counteracts large underpressures in the exhaust air region 20 by automatically opening when the negative pressure in the exhaust air region 20 exceeds a predetermined value, and can cause incorrect air to flow into the exhaust air region 20. Closes in case of fire, a door 2 between the fire area 40 and the protection area 10, can be prevented by opening the control valve 24 a tip of the pressure difference between the protection area 10 and fire area 40, which would cause the door 2 can not be opened.

The exhaust air area 20 can thus provide a flow connection to the outer area 30 of fire areas 40, which have no connection to the building envelope. It is also possible that the exhaust air area 20 is formed as a horizontal shaft (not shown in the figure), or that the exhaust air area 20 has no exhaust fan 21 and / or control valve 24 and thus only a natural outflow into the outer area 30 is made possible.

Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the invention. The construction of the protective region 10 and the components provided therein for maintaining the pressure difference is again identical to the first embodiment. The fire area 40 is again connected via smoke control flaps 25 to an exhaust air area 20, the execution of which corresponds to that in the third embodiment. For detecting variable operating conditions of the system, in the fourth embodiment, door contacts 4d are attached to the doors 2, which detect opening and closing of the doors 2 and are read out by the control unit 1. In case of fire, the smoke control dampers 25 are opened automatically. The exhaust air volume flow is controlled based on the signals of the door contacts 4d. In the case of a closing door 2 pressure peaks on the door 2 is counteracted by the combined effect of the pressure control valve 14 in the protection area 10 and the control valve 24 in the exhaust area 20, at the same time by the Zuluft- and exhaust air frequency converter 12 and 22, the performance of the Zuluftventilators 11 and the exhaust fan 21 can be returned.

Fig. 5 represents the signal curves of the actively controlled part of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system for controlling the supply air volume flow. Pressure sensors 4a and / or door contacts 4b in the protection area 10 detect a pressure signal and / or door opening signal, which is passed to the control unit 1 and read out from it. Changing operating conditions in the protected area, for example due to opening or closing doors, are detected by the sensors 4a or 4b, which are in operative connection with the control unit 1. On this basis, the control unit 1 determines a control signal which forwards it to the supply air frequency converter 12, which can adapt the supply air volume flow generated by the supply air fan 11 by changing the speed of the supply air fan 11 to the changed operating conditions. It is also conceivable that the control unit 1 is connected to one or more detectors for registering a fire in the fire area 40 (not shown), such as smoke detectors or the like, and moreover upon detection of a fire opening a window in the fire area 40 over one provided engine (not shown) by transmitting a corresponding control command to the engine to allow outflow of smoke into the outer area 30.

Fig. 6 shows the waveforms of the actively controlled parts of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to the third and fourth embodiment. In addition to in Fig. 5 shown signal detection and control in the protection area 10, the system here includes pressure sensors 4c and / or door contacts 4d, which detect a pressure signal and / or door opening signal in the fire area 40. Based on this signal, the control unit 1 can control the exhaust air frequency converter 22 under changing operating conditions, which in turn can adapt the exhaust air volume flow generated by the exhaust fan 21 by changing the rotational speed of the exhaust fan 21 to the changed operating conditions. Again, it is conceivable that detectors for registering a fire in the fire area 40 (not shown) such as smoke detectors or the like are connected to the control unit 1 and the control unit 1 in the event of fire, the opening of smoke control dampers 25 in the fire area 40 via a motor provided thereon (not shown) by transmitting a corresponding control command to the engine to allow the outflow of smoke into the exhaust air area 20.

By the additional control possibility of the exhaust fan 21, on the one hand a reliable outflow of smoke from the fire area 40 can be ensured in the outer area 30, if this has no direct connection to the building envelope. By detecting the operating conditions both in the protection area 10 and in the fire area 40 can also Control of the supply air and exhaust air volume flows in coordination with each other, creating a synchronized system, with a more precise and reliable control of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system can be achieved.

Not in Fig. 5 and 6 Shown are the passive components of the respective forms of the hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system, which in the case of the pressure control flap 14 in the protection area 10 (see Fig. 1-4 ) to prevent the exceeding of a maximum pressure in the protection area 10, and in the case of the control valve 24 in the exhaust air area 20 (see Fig. 3-4 ) Prevent pressure difference peaks between the protection area 10 and the fire area 40.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

the scope

11

supply air fan

12

Supply air frequency

14

Pressure control flap

20

exhaust area

21

exhaust fan

22

Exhaust-frequency

24

control flap

25

smoke damper

30

outdoors

40

fire area

1

control device

2

door

2a

door handle

3

Front door

4a

pressure sensor

4b

door contact

4c

pressure sensor

4d

door contact

6

window

Claims (16)

Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system for smoke-free protection of a protected area (10) in a building to achieve a minimum pressure difference to the fire area (40) adjacent to the protection area (10), wherein at the same time a maximum pressure difference is not exceeded, comprising - A supply air fan (11) for generating a supply air volume flow in the protection area (10) which cooperates with a supply air frequency converter (12), such that the supply air volumetric flow generated by the supply air fan (11) is adjustable, a protective area measuring device for determining the operating conditions of the smoke protection differential pressure system in the protected area (10), a pressure regulating flap (14) which is arranged between the protective area (10) and an outer area (30) and opens at a preset overpressure in order to counteract an exceeding of the maximum pressure difference,
wherein further a control device (1) is provided which carries out a control of the supply air frequency converter (12) on the basis of the signals of the protection range measuring device in such a way that the supply air volume flow to achieve a pressure difference that is above the minimum pressure difference. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective area measuring device for determining the operating state of the smoke protection differential pressure system comprises a pressure sensor (4a) which detects the pressure in the protected area (10). Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective area measuring device for determining the operating state of the smoke protection differential pressure system comprises one or more door contacts (4b), the opening and closing of doors (3) between the protected area (10) and the outside area (30). Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blowing of the supply air volume flow into the protected area (10) takes place via a plurality of injection points. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the fire area (40) there is an outflow device, via which a flow connection to the outside area (30) can be produced, at least in the event of fire, so that the supply air applied by the supply air fan (11) Volumetric flow through the outflow device can flow out of the building. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 5, characterized in that the outflow device comprises a window (6) which is automatically opened at least in case of fire to establish a flow connection with the outer region (30). Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 5, characterized in that the outflow device comprises a smoke control flap (25) which is automatically opened at least in case of fire to a flow connection with an exhaust air area (20), in particular an exhaust duct comprising, which is in fluid communication with the outer region (30). Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 7, comprising an exhaust fan (21) which sucks an exhaust air volume flow from the exhaust air region (20). Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 8, comprising - An exhaust air frequency converter (22) which cooperates with the exhaust fan (21), such that the exhaust air volumetric flow generated by the exhaust fan (21) is adjustable, and - A fire area measuring device in the fire area (40) for determining the operating conditions of the smoke protection differential pressure system in the fire area (40). Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 9, wherein the control device (1) on the basis of the signals of the fire range measuring device activates the exhaust air frequency converter (22) in such a way that at least in case of fire, a pressure difference between protected area (10) and fire area (40) is achieved within the specified limits. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 10, further comprising a control flap (24) which is arranged between the exhaust air area (20) and the outer area (30) and at a preset maximum negative pressure in the exhaust air area (20 ) opens to allow incorrect air to flow into the exhaust air area (20) and thus to avoid exceeding the maximum negative pressure. Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 7 to 11, characterized in that the fire area measuring device comprises a pressure sensor (4c) which detects the pressure in the fire area (40). Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure installation according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 5 to 11, characterized in that the fire area measuring device comprises one or more door contacts (4d), which detect opening and closing of doors between the protection area (10) and the fire area (40). Hybrid smoke protection differential pressure system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several separate fire areas (40) are connected to the protection area (10). A method for maintaining a predetermined overpressure in a protected area, wherein the supply area is supplied via a supply air fan, a supply air volume flow to achieve the predetermined overpressure, wherein the supply air fan is further controlled so that - the undershooting of a predetermined minimum pressure is counteracted by increasing the supply air volume flow, - The exceeding of a predetermined maximum pressure by reducing the supply air volume flow is counteracted - And at the same time a pressure reduction by opening a discharge opening is made possible by a pressure control flap upon reaching a predetermined pressure. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that there is provided in case of fire in a region adjoining the scope fire area by creating a flow connection to an outer unit ensures that when a door is opened between the scope and fire area of the volume flow, which flows from the scope for smoke suppression in the fire area , can flow through the flow connection to the outside area.

Images