Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B15/00—Other coke ovens
  • C10B15/02—Other coke ovens with floor heating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
  • C10B21/10—Regulating and controlling the combustion
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
  • C10B21/20—Methods of heating ovens of the chamber oven type
  • C10B21/22—Methods of heating ovens of the chamber oven type by introducing the heating gas and air at various levels
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B41/00—Safety devices, e.g. signalling or controlling devices for use in the discharge of coke
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B5/00—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
  • C10B5/06—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with horizontal heating flues

Definitions

• Air dosing system for secondary air in coke ovens depending on the ratio of vault to bottom temperature
• the invention relates to a device for controlling the amount of secondary combustion air in the coke oven furnace of a coke oven battery type "heat recovery” or “non-recovery", said device controls the amount of air through a cuboid essay or a plate over a servomotor is driven, so that the device can be controlled, for example via a control mechanism that depends on readings in the coke oven. In this way, the heating of the coke cake of a coke oven battery can be made considerably more uniform and improved by the secondary cooktop located under the coke oven.
• the amount of secondary air can be supplied by the device according to the invention, if necessary in several quantity gradations. By a multiple-stage supply of secondary air, the amount of nitrogen oxides formed can be significantly reduced.
• the invention also relates to a method for metering secondary combustion air in a coke oven.
• the heating of Kokshuntöfen is carried out according to the prior art so that the heating of the coke cake is made as uniform as possible from all sides and the quality of the coke obtained is improved in this way.
• the preheated coking chamber of the coking oven is filled with a layer of coal and then closed.
• the carbon layer may be in bulk or in compacted, milled form.
• the volatiles of the coal degas, especially hydrocarbons and hydrogen.
• Further heat generation in the coking chamber of "non-recovery" coking ovens and "heat-recovery” coking ovens occurs exclusively through combustion of the released volatiles, which gradually outgas due to progressive warming.
• the combustion is controlled so that a part of the released gas, which is also referred to as raw gas, is burned in the coking chamber directly above the coal charge.
• the necessary combustion air is sucked in through openings in the doors or in the ceiling or through openings in the doors and in the ceiling.
• This combustion stage is also referred to as the first air stage or primary air stage.
• the primary air stage usually does not result in complete combustion.
• the at the Combustion of heat released heats the carbon layer, forming an ash layer on its surface after a short time. This ash layer ensures an air seal and prevents the carbon layer from burning off in the further course of the coking process. Part of the heat released during combustion is primarily transferred by radiation into the carbon layer. However, a mere heating of the carbon layer from above using only a single air stage would lead to uneconomically high cooking times.
• the partially eliminated in the primary air stage raw gas is burned in a further stage and the resulting heat is supplied to the carbon layer from below or sideways.
• This referred to as secondary combustion subsequent combustion usually takes place in so-called Sekundäreuer commission, which are located below the coke oven chamber and below the coke cake, so that the partially burned coking gas completely burns there and the resulting heat of combustion heats the coke cake from below.
• Sekundärnning commission which are located below the coke oven chamber and below the coke cake, so that the partially burned coking gas completely burns there and the resulting heat of combustion heats the coke cake from below.
• the leadership of the partially burned coking gas is usually taken over by so-called "downcomer" channels, which are located for example in the lateral masonry of a coke oven.
• the air required for the secondary combustion is supplied in this procedure by so-called secondary air openings, which are located in a typical construction below the side Koksofenschen the coke oven. From there, the secondary air enters a so-called secondary air base, where the air is collected and directed into a secondary heating chamber above it. There the secondary combustion takes place.
• the incoming combustion air is usually supplied in significantly more than stoichiometric amount. This ensures that the partially burned coking gas burns completely, so that the heat of combustion contained therein is completely discharged. In this way, the release of incompletely burned coking products, such as hydrocarbons, should be prevented.
• the secondary air supplied usually has the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere and thus reduces the temperature of the secondary air sole and the Sekundäreuerraumes below the coke cake quite considerably. Due to the uncontrolled supply of secondary combustion air into the secondary heating space, the temperature of the secondary heating space can not be controlled, so that Sometimes the temperature of the Sekundäreuerraumes significantly different from the temperature in the Primärsortraum, also referred to as Koksofengewölbe differs. As a result, the heating of the coke from the different sides is uneven. In addition, the amount of secondary air supplied can not be regulated as a function of the amount of oxygen in the secondary heating room. This can lead to the formation of pollutants, but especially to the formation of unburned hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides of the NO x type.
• WO 2007/057076 A1 describes a ventilation device for supplying primary and secondary air for combustion in coking gas of constructed in a flat design and arranged as a battery coke ovens, wherein the ventilation device consists of at least one ventilation opening per coking chamber for the primary air through the respective coke oven door or its framing wall runs and furthermore consists of at least one ventilation opening per coking chamber for the secondary air and at least for a part of the ventilation openings movably mounted closure elements are provided, wherein according to the invention at least a part of the closure elements of the ventilation openings is mechanically connected to an actuating element which is controlled and driven from a central location, and to actuate the shutter members by means of the actuator depending on the need for combustion air in the coking chambers are, and wherein the mechanical connection of each closure element can be made individually with the central actuator, in particular the starting position of a single closure element at the beginning of the coking process of the associated coking chamber can be made separately and independently of the other closure elements of the adjacent coking.
• the method is not automated and is often controlled by temperature-sensitive, the coke oven circulating chains.
• the devices according to the prior art often also have adjusting elements or closure elements, which have only a limited life at the high temperatures of the coke ovens.
• the Device should preferably be mounted under the coking chamber doors of the coke oven chamber, since the openings for ventilation of the secondary air soles in a common located under the coke oven chamber doors.
• the device should also be made of a high temperature stable material to have a sufficiently long life at the high temperatures that usually prevail on the outer walls of Kokshuntöfen.
• the device should also be able to open or close the openings for ventilation of the secondary air soles completely and be insensitive to contamination and weathering.
• the device of the invention should also be automated, so that the dosage amount of secondary air can be controlled in dependence on the oxygen content in the Sekundäreuerraum or in dependence on the temperature in the coke oven vault.
• the invention solves this problem by a Heildosticianssystem for secondary air in coke ovens, which can be controlled in dependence of the ratio of vault to sole temperature and closes the ventilation holes for secondary air through cuboidal covers.
• the cuboidal elements are designed so that it can be attached to a connecting bar or a connecting rod, which are connected to a push rod, so that with this push rod, the cuboidal elements are moved along the coke oven chamber wall.
• the ventilation openings can be completely closed, partially closed or completely opened so that these cuboid elements act in conjunction with the push rod as an air dosing system.
• the push rod and the cuboid essays are preferably made of a high temperature resistant steel, so that the entire device has a high life at the prevailing temperatures.
• the cuboid attachment can be designed as a plate in one embodiment.
• Coke oven door into channels, which lie below the coking chamber and in which the partially burned coking gas mixed with secondary combustion air and completely burned, occurs, so that the coke cake is heated by the combustion of the partially burned coking gas from below, and which is characterized in that
• the openings are provided on the front side with cuboidal essays, which are connected on the side facing away from the furnace with a second, smaller cuboid, and
• a connecting rod or connecting bar is attached, via which the rear, smaller cuboid is connected to a push rod, and »the push rod via a servomotor or manually parallel to the frontal coke oven chamber wall is displaceable, and
• the cuboid device may be a plate by way of example. But it can also be a brick or a metal block.
• the cuboid device is advantageously provided with a further cuboid attachment, wherein the front cuboid is connected to the rear so that it tapers to the rear cuboid.
• the mechanical connection can be carried out by way of example by connecting webs or connecting rods. This provides good strength for the applied mechanical forces.
• both the front parallelepiped attachment, the taper and the rear cuboid attachment are made of a high temperature resistant steel. If the front block-shaped attachment is a plate, then it is also preferably made of a high-temperature-resistant steel.
• oven-facing cuboid as a plate and the tapered inlet can be very narrow or omitted.
• the connections of the cuboidal attachments, the connection to the connecting webs and the connection to the push rod can in an exemplary embodiment by welding connections be handled. The push rod with the connecting webs can be guided both below the secondary air openings and above the secondary air openings.
• the push rod is connected via cardan joints with the connecting rods or connecting webs and thus with the servomotor.
• the servomotor may consist of an electric servomotor in a simple embodiment. It consists in a preferred embodiment of a pressure cylinder, which can be pressurized with a gas or a liquid under pressure and can be relaxed.
• the pressure cylinder includes a drive piston which is connected to the push rod and which is driven by the loading and unloading with a gas or a liquid.
• the servomotor then contains pumps and valves.
• the servomotor and drive device may also include shields or protective mats that shield the drive device and servomotor from the high temperatures at the coke oven chamber wall. These are preferably located on the push rod between the impression cylinder and the connecting web.
• the shields can be made of any high temperature resistant material. This may be, for example, steel or a glass fiber material.
• the secondary combustion air enters the secondary airbed through secondary air openings in the machine-side or coke-side frontal coke oven chamber wall in the lower area of the coke chamber furnace below the coke oven chamber door and then enters the secondary heating space above it, and
• the secondary air opening is covered by a cuboid essay, which is connected via a connecting rod with a push rod, so that the parallelepiped-shaped attachment opens or closes the secondary air opening with its front side during a longitudinal movement of the push rod along the front coke oven chamber per position along the coke oven chamber longitudinal wall, so that in this way the secondary air quantity admitted into the coking chamber sole can be metered, and
• the push rod is moved over connecting webs by a servomotor or manually, so that with this pushing movement the secondary air quantity let into the Kokttingsohle is metered.
• the method can be done manually by simply moving the push rod by hand.
• the secondary air openings can be completely closed, partially closed or completely open. This is done by simply moving the cuboid.
• the push rod is driven by a servomotor.
• the servomotor sits for this purpose at the end of the push rod and can be exemplified at the end of a coke oven battery, but can be located anywhere in the coke oven battery or Koksofenbank.
• the power transmission takes place in one embodiment of the invention pneumatically, electrically or by a hydraulic system. In principle, however, the power transmission can take place arbitrarily.
• the secondary air openings of both a coke oven a coke oven battery can be controlled together and the secondary air openings of a coke oven individually.
• the secondary air openings of a single coke oven of a coke oven battery are commonly controlled.
• the secondary air openings of a coke oven of a coke oven battery can be controlled individually. This makes it much easier to control the temperature distribution within the secondary air sole. If the secondary air sole contains four secondary air openings in an exemplary embodiment, then this typically also contains four pressure cylinders with the associated drive pistons, push rods, connecting webs and block-shaped attachments for this method. It is also conceivable to provide devices according to the invention less than secondary air openings are present.
• the push rod has a device that allows optical or electrical monitoring of the position of the cuboid essays.
• This can be an example of a photoelectric barrier be.
• These are advantageously located at the push rod at a sufficient distance from the secondary air openings to be sufficiently temperature stable.
• These can also be attached to the connecting webs or on the cuboid essays. Through these devices, the position of the cuboid essays can be displayed and monitored, so that an automatic control is possible.
• the secondary air openings are dosed on both frontal sides of a coke oven chamber in this way.
• a frontal side of a coke oven chamber according to the invention can be both the front side, also referred to as the machine side of a coke oven chamber, and the rear side of a coke oven chamber, also referred to as the coke side.
• the application of the method according to the invention is also possible on only one side, if there are secondary air openings on both sides.
• a temperature measuring sensor may be located in the coke oven chamber.
• the combustion in the secondary air sole can then be controlled via the amount of air supplied so that approximately the same temperature is achieved there as in the coke oven chamber.
• the temperature sensors are located, for example, on the ceiling of the primary heating room, also called vaults of the coke oven chamber, and on the coke oven chamber wall in the secondary air soles or in the secondary heating room.
• the temperature in Primärweraum and Sekundärteilraum is when using the method usually 1000 0 C to 1400 0 C.
• the coal is heated from below.
• the temperature in the primary heating room falls due to the onset of coking and outgassing of the volatiles.
• the temperature in the Primärsortraum can rise, so that the coke cake is heated primarily from above.
• the temperature in the Sekundärsortraum drops after some time, since the amount of outgassing coking reduced. In order to prevent unwanted cooling of the Sekundäretcraumes, the cuboid essays are closed after some time.
• the closing operation is controlled by the ratio of the temperatures in the primary and secondary heating space, then in one embodiment this can begin with a difference in the temperatures in the primary and secondary heating space of ⁇ 100 ° C.
• the closing process can be started at exactly the same temperature in the primary and secondary heating rooms. This can be automated, for example, computer-controlled, but also done by visual temperature control. Also possible is the control of a control room. If the closing process is timed, the closing of the secondary air openings can be started, for example, with a fermentation time of 30 to 70 percent of the estimated cooking time of the entire coking cycle.
• the movement of the parallelepiped attachments for closing the secondary air openings can also be carried out stepwise, as required.
• a lambda probe is located in the secondary air sole in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the movement of the cuboids or slides is then carried out by the servomotor via a computer, which regulates the position of the slide in dependence on the oxygen content in the secondary air sole.
• the combustion can be optimized by using an always optimal amount of oxygen. In this way, the amount of hydrocarbons and pollutants in the exhaust gas of the coke oven battery is reduced. This can also be done in combination with a temperature measurement method.
• the inventive method has the advantage of a controlled combustion in Sekundär Kunststoffmaschinetechnikraum a coke oven.
• the control takes place via the dosage of the air volume when entering the secondary air sole of a coke oven.
• the heating of the coke cake can be made much more uniform from the sides, so that the quality of the coke obtained is significantly improved.
• the emission of pollutants is also reduced, since it is always possible to supply exactly the optimum amount of air for combustion, without resulting in excessive cooling of the secondary heating space.
• FIG. Figure 1 shows the frontal view of a coke oven with the apparatus according to the invention completely closing the secondary air openings of a coke oven.
• FIG. Figure 2 shows the frontal view of the device according to the invention, which completely opens the secondary air openings of a coke oven.
• FIG. 3 shows the frontal view of a coking chamber furnace with the device according to the invention, wherein the coking chamber furnace contains four individually controllable secondary air openings.
• FIG. 4 shows the side view of a coke oven chamber with the device according to the invention, which is attached to the secondary air openings below the coke oven chamber doors.
• FIG. 5 shows a typical temperature profile in primary and Sekundärloomhunt a coke oven chamber in carrying out the method according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows the cuboidal attachments (1) or plates according to the invention, which closes the secondary air openings (2) of a coke oven chamber (3).
• the block-shaped attachments (1) are connected via connecting webs (4) with a push rod (5), which can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the front Koksofenschand (6).
• the push rod is held in the appropriate position via suitable fastening devices (7).
• the secondary air openings open in the oven in secondary heating chambers (8), in which the complete combustion of the partially burned coking gas takes place and which are shown here hidden because they have no opening in the frontal coke oven chamber wall (6).
• the push rod (5) is driven in this drawing by a servomotor (9) which is mounted at one end of the push rod (5).
• the servomotor drives a hydraulic system or a pneumatic system through which a drive piston (9a) in a printing cylinder (9b) is moved.
• the drive piston (9a) is connected to the push rod, which is driven by the movement of the drive piston (9a).
• the coke oven chamber (10) Above the secondary air openings (2), the coke oven chamber (10) is seen, which is bordered by the front coke oven chamber wall (6).
• the coke oven chamber door (10) can be pulled and opened by a suitable holding device (10a) and a coke oven chamber pulling device (10b) such as a chain.
• the inlet openings (12) for the primary air can be seen, which are here provided with U-tube-shaped covers (13).
• FIG. 2 shows the cuboidal attachments (1) or plates according to the invention which releases the secondary air openings (2) of a coke oven chamber (3) and thus completely opens them.
• the servomotor (13) moves the push rod sideways via a hydraulic or pneumatic system (9a, 9b) so that the cuboidal attachments (1) shown here shift to the left and open the secondary air openings (2).
• the coke oven batteries shown here are protected on the inlet openings for the primary air (12) at the Koksofendecke with pipes and covering flaps (13a) against the weather.
• FIG. FIG. 3 shows the device according to the invention, which individually moves and opens or closes the secondary air openings on a coke oven.
• the coke oven chamber has four secondary air openings below the coke oven chamber door, with a separate opening or closing mechanism with a cuboid attachment being provided for each opening.
• Each individual cuboid attachment is driven by a servomotor, which is moved via its own hydraulic or pneumatic line (9c). Since there are four secondary air openings (2) in this embodiment, four servo motors (9) and pneumatic lines (9c) with drive pistons (9a) and pressure cylinders (9b) are also provided.
• FIG. 4 shows the cuboidal attachments (1) according to the invention, which are shown here with a front larger cuboid (1a) and a smaller rear cuboid (1b). These are connected by a rearwardly tapering section.
• the cuboidal devices (1) are connected upwards with a connection web (4), which in turn is connected to a push rod (5).
• the connecting rod (5) is in turn attached via a fastening device (7) to the coke oven chamber wall.
• Behind the openings to the inlet of the secondary air (2) are the secondary air soles (8).
• Figure 5 shows a typical course of the temperatures in the primary heating space and in the secondary air base.
• the temperature in the secondary boiler room rises due to incipient combustion of the coking gas.
• the coke is heated from below.
• the temperature in the primary heating room falls due to the onset of coking and outgassing of the volatile components.
• the temperature in the Primäreuerraum can rise, so that the coke cake is heated from above.
• the secondary air openings are slowly closed because the combustion of the partially burnt coking gas subsides and cool combustion air penetrates. Due to this temperature gradient, the coke cake can be optimally heated from all sides.
• the block-shaped attachments of the secondary air openings are moved precisely regulated.
• this is a slow closing of the secondary air openings by a lateral movement of the parallelepiped-shaped attachments for closing in front of the secondary air openings, starting with a cooking time of 30 to 70 percent of the coking cycle.
• the movement of the parallelepiped attachments for closing the secondary air openings can also take place stepwise, as required.
• the temperatures reached here are exemplarily 1100 0 C to 1300 0 C.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Coke Industry (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
• Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
• Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-09-29 DE DE102008049316A patent/DE102008049316B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
  • 2009-08-25 UA UAA201105451A patent/UA105504C2/uk unknown
  • 2009-08-25 BR BRPI0919212A patent/BRPI0919212A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-08-25 CA CA2736577A patent/CA2736577A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-08-25 US US12/998,222 patent/US8980063B2/en active Active
  • 2009-08-25 WO PCT/EP2009/006137 patent/WO2010034383A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2009-08-25 EP EP09778083A patent/EP2334755A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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• 2011
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