EP2323770B1 - Impacteur composite pour concasseurs à percussion - Google Patents

Impacteur composite pour concasseurs à percussion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2323770B1
EP2323770B1 EP09814104.7A EP09814104A EP2323770B1 EP 2323770 B1 EP2323770 B1 EP 2323770B1 EP 09814104 A EP09814104 A EP 09814104A EP 2323770 B1 EP2323770 B1 EP 2323770B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
titanium carbide
impactor
granules
micrometric
areas
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Application number
EP09814104.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2323770A1 (fr
Inventor
Guy Berton
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Magotteaux International SA
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Magotteaux International SA
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Priority to PL09814104T priority Critical patent/PL2323770T3/pl
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/06—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for manufacturing or repairing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2210/00—Codes relating to different types of disintegrating devices
    • B02C2210/02—Features for generally used wear parts on beaters, knives, rollers, anvils, linings and the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite impactor for impact crushers.
  • Percussion crushers grouping crushing machines for rocks and hard materials such as hammer crushers, crushers, vertical axis crushers, etc. These machines are used extensively in the first and second stages of a production line intended to drastically reduce the dimension of the rock in the extractive industries (mines, quarries, cement plants, ...) and recycling.
  • impactor for impact crushers is to be interpreted in the broad sense, namely a composite wear part whose function is to be in direct contact with the rock or the material to be ground during the process phase where these rocks and materials are subjected to extremely violent impacts intended to fragment them. These wear parts must therefore show great resistance to impact and they are often called hammers, beaters or impactors.
  • impactor therefore includes hammers and beaters but also fixed armor plates undergoing the impacts of materials projected against them.
  • the document LU 64303 (Joiret ) describes a method of manufacturing hammers that uses two different materials, one harder to make the head, subject to abrasion, the other more resilient that ensures resistance against breakage.
  • the EP Patent 1,651,389 (Mayer ) also discloses a technique for manufacturing hammers using two different materials, one being arranged in the form of a prefabricated insert disposed in the other material at the place where the part is the most stressed.
  • the present invention discloses a composite impactor for impact crushers having improved wear resistance while maintaining good impact resistance. This property is obtained by a composite reinforcement structure specifically designed for this application, a material that alternates on a millimeter scale dense zones in fine micrometric globular particles of metal carbides with zones that are practically free of them within the metallic matrix. of the impactor.
  • the present invention also provides a method for obtaining said reinforcing structure.
  • the present invention discloses a composite impactor for impact crushers, said impactor comprising a ferrous alloy reinforced at least in part with titanium carbide according to a defined geometry, wherein said reinforced portion comprises an alternating macro-microstructure of millimetric zones concentrated in particles.
  • micrometric cylinders of titanium carbide separated by millimetric zones substantially free of micrometric globular particles of titanium carbide, said micrometrically concentrated micrometric micrometric particles of micrometric titanium carbide particles in which the micrometric interstices between said globular particles are also occupied by said ferrous alloy.
  • the present invention also discloses a composite impactor obtained by the process of any one of claims 11 to 12.
  • the figure 1 shows a horizontal axis crusher in which the impactors of the present invention are used.
  • the figure 2 shows a vertical axis crusher in which the impactors of the present invention are also used.
  • the figure 3 shows an impactor / hammer of the prior art without reinforcement.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show a hammer with two types of reinforcement possible. This reinforcing geometry is of course not limiting.
  • the figure 6 represents a binocular view of a non-etched polished surface of a section of the reinforced portion of an impactor according to the invention with millimetric zones (in light gray) concentrated micrometric globular titanium carbide (TiC nodules ).
  • the dark part represents the metal matrix (steel or cast iron) filling at the same time the space between these concentrated zones in micrometric globular titanium carbide but also the spaces between the globules themselves.
  • the figures 7 and 8 represent SEM electron microscopic views of micrometric globular titanium carbide on polished and untouched surfaces at different magnifications. We see that in this particular case most of the globules of titanium carbide have a size less than 10 microns.
  • the figure 9 represents a view of micrometric globular titanium carbide on a fracture surface taken by SEM electron microscope. It can be seen that the globules of titanium carbide are perfectly incorporated in the metal matrix. This proves that the casting metal completely infiltrates (impregnates) the pores during casting once the chemical reaction between titanium and carbon is initiated.
  • the figure 10 schematically represents the reinforcement zones on a hammer impactor. Reinforced corners are similar to those of the figure 4b and the schematic enlargement of the reinforcement zones makes it possible to show the reinforcement macro-microstructure according to the invention.
  • the term SHS or "self-propagating high temperature synthesis" reaction is a self-propagating, high temperature synthesis reaction in which reaction temperatures are generally higher than 1500 ° C or even 2000 ° C.
  • reaction temperatures are generally higher than 1500 ° C or even 2000 ° C.
  • the reaction between titanium powder and the powder of carbon to obtain titanium carbide TiC is highly exothermic. Only a little energy is needed to initiate the reaction locally. Then, the reaction will spontaneously propagate to the entire mixture of reagents thanks to the high temperatures reached. After initiation of the reaction, there is a reaction front which propagates spontaneously (self-propagated) and which makes it possible to obtain titanium carbide from titanium and carbon.
  • the titanium carbide thus obtained is said to be "obtained in situ" because it does not come from the cast ferrous alloy.
  • the reactant powder mixtures comprise carbon powder and titanium powder and are compressed into plates and then crushed to obtain granules ranging in size from 1 to 12 mm, preferably from 1 to 6 mm, and particularly preferably from 1.4 to 4 mm. These granules are not 100% compacted. They are generally compressed between 55 and 95% of the theoretical density. These granules allow easy use / manipulation (see Fig. 3a-3h ).
  • millimetric granules of mixed carbon and titanium powders obtained according to the diagrams of figure 3a-3h are the precursors of the titanium carbide to be created and make it easy to fill mold parts of various shapes or irregular. These granules can be held in place in the mold 15 by means of a dam 16, for example. The shaping or assembly of these granules can also be done using an adhesive.
  • the composite impactor according to the present invention has a reinforcing macro-microstructure which can also be called an alternating structure of zones concentrated in micrometric globular particles of titanium carbide separated by zones which are practically free.
  • a reinforcing macro-microstructure which can also be called an alternating structure of zones concentrated in micrometric globular particles of titanium carbide separated by zones which are practically free.
  • Such a structure is obtained by the reaction in the mold of the granules comprising a mixture of powders of carbon and titanium. This reaction is initiated by the heat of casting of the cast iron or steel used to pour the whole piece and thus both the unreinforced part and the reinforced part (see Fig. 3rd ).
  • the casting therefore triggers an exothermic reaction of self-propagating synthesis at high temperature of the mixture of powders of carbon and titanium compacted in the form of granules (self-propagating high-temperature synthesis - SHS) and previously placed in the mold 15.
  • the reaction then has the distinction of continuing to spread as soon as it is initiated.
  • This high temperature synthesis allows easy infiltration of all millimetric and micrometric interstices by cast iron or casting steel ( Fig. 5g & 5h ). By increasing the wettability, the infiltration can be done on any thickness or depth of reinforcement of the impactor. It advantageously makes it possible, after SHS reaction and infiltration by an external casting metal, to create one or more reinforcement zones on the impactor comprising a high concentration of micrometric globular particles of titanium carbide (which could also be called clusters). nodules), which areas have a size of the order of a millimeter or a few millimeters, and which alternate with areas substantially free of globular titanium carbide.
  • the reinforcement zones where these granules were found show a concentrated dispersion of micrometric globular particles 4 of TiC (globules) whose micrometric interstices 3 have also been infiltrated by the casting metal which is here from cast iron or steel. It is important to note that the millimetric and micrometric interstices are infiltrated by the same metal matrix as that which constitutes the unreinforced part of the impactor; this allows a total freedom of choice of the casting metal.
  • the reinforcement zones with a high concentration of titanium carbide are composed of globular micrometer particles of TiC in a large percentage (between approximately 35 and approximately 70% by volume) and of the ferrous infiltration alloy.
  • Micrometric globular particles are understood to mean globally spheroidal particles having a size ranging from a few ⁇ m to a few tens of ⁇ m at the most, the vast majority of these particles having a size of less than 50 ⁇ m, and even 20 ⁇ m, or even less than 10 ⁇ m.
  • TiC globules This globular form is characteristic of a method for obtaining titanium carbide by self-propagating synthesis SHS (see Fig. 8 ).
  • the process for obtaining the granules is illustrated in figure 5a-5h .
  • the granules of carbon / titanium reagents are obtained by compaction between rollers 10 in order to obtain strips that are then crushed in a crusher 11.
  • the mixture of the powders is made in a mixer 8 consisting of a tank equipped with blades , to promote homogeneity.
  • the mixture then passes into a granulation apparatus through a hopper 9.
  • This machine comprises two rollers 10, through which the material is passed. Pressure is applied to these rollers 10, which compresses the material. We get at the exit a band of material compressed which is then crushed to obtain the granules.
  • These granules are then sieved to the desired particle size in a sieve 13.
  • the degree of compaction of the bands depends on the applied pressure (in Pa) on the rollers (diameter 200 mm, width 30 mm). For a low level of compaction, of the order of 10 6 Pa, we obtain a density on the bands of the order of 55% of the theoretical density. After passing through the rollers 10 to compress this material, the apparent density of the granules is 3.75 x 0.55, ie 2.06 g / cm 3 .
  • the granules obtained from the raw material Ti + C are porous. This porosity varies from 5% for highly compressed granules, to 45% for slightly compressed granules.
  • the granules obtained overall a size between 1 and 12 mm, preferably between 1 and 6 mm, and particularly preferably between 1.4 and 4 mm.
  • the granules are made as described above. To obtain a three-dimensional structure or superstructure / macro-microstructure with these granules, they are placed in the areas of the mold where it is desired to reinforce the workpiece. This is achieved by agglomerating the granules either by means of an adhesive, or by confining them in a container, or by any other means (dam 16).
  • the bulk density of the stack of Ti + C granules is measured according to ISO 697 and depends on the level of compaction of the bands, the granulometric distribution of the granules and the crushing mode of the bands, which influences the shape of the granules .
  • the bulk density of these Ti + C granules is generally of the order of 0.9 g / cm 3 to 2.5 g / cm 3 depending on the level of compaction of these granules and the density of the stack.
  • Granulation was carried out with a Sahut-Conreur granulator.
  • the compactness of the granules was obtained by varying the pressure between the rolls by 10 to 250 ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
  • Reinforcement has been done by placing granules in a metal container, which is then conveniently placed in the mold where the impactor is likely to be reinforced. Then we cast the steel or cast in this mold.
  • a band is produced by compaction at 85% of the theoretical density of a mixture of C and Ti. After crushing, the granules are sieved to obtain a pellet size of between 1.4 and 4 mm. A bulk density of the order of 2.1 g / cm 3 (35% of space between the granules + 15% of porosity in the granules) is obtained.
  • the granules are placed in the mold at the location of the part to be reinforced, which thus comprises 65% by volume of porous granules.
  • a chromium cast iron (3% C, 25% Cr) was then cast at about 1500 ° C in a non-preheated sand mold.
  • the reaction between Ti and C is initiated by the heat of melting. This casting is done without a protective atmosphere.
  • an impactor whose reinforced zones comprise an overall volume percentage of TiC of about 30%.
  • a 70% compaction band is made of the theoretical density of a mixture of C and Ti.
  • the granules are sieved to obtain a pellet size of between 1.4 and 4 mm.
  • a bulk density of the order of 1.4 g / cm 3 (45% of space between the granules + 30% of porosity in the granules) is obtained.
  • the granules are available in the section strengthen which thus comprises 55% by volume of porous granules.
  • 55% by volume of zones with a high concentration of approximately 53% of globular titanium carbide is obtained, ie approximately 30% by global volume of TiC in the reinforced part of the impactor.
  • a band is made by compaction at 60% of the theoretical density of a mixture of C and Ti. After crushing, the granules are sieved so as to obtain a granule size of between 1 and 6 mm. A bulk density of the order of 1.0 g / cm 3 (55% of space between the granules + 40% of porosity in the granules) is obtained. The granules are placed in the part to be reinforced, which thus comprises 45% by volume of porous granules. After reaction, 45% by volume of zones concentrated to about 45% of globular titanium carbide are obtained in the reinforced part, ie 20% by global volume of TiC in the reinforced part of the impactor.
  • Example 2 it was sought to attenuate the intensity of the reaction between carbon and titanium by adding a ferrous alloy powder.
  • it is intended to provide an impactor whose reinforced zones comprise a global volume percentage of TiC of about 30%.
  • a compaction band is produced at 85% of the theoretical density of a mixture by weight of 15% of C, 63% of Ti and 22% of Fe.
  • the granules are sieved to obtain a granule size between 1.4 and 4 mm.
  • a bulk density of the order of 2 g / cm 3 (45% of space between the granules + 15% of porosity in the granules) is obtained.
  • the granules are placed in the part to be reinforced, which thus comprises 55% by volume of porous granules. After reaction, 55% by volume of zones with a high concentration of approximately 55% of globular titanium carbide, ie 30% by volume of global titanium carbide in the reinforced macro-microstructure of the impactor, are obtained in the reinforced part. .
  • the inventor has targeted a mixture to obtain 15% by volume of iron after reaction.
  • the proportion of mixture that has been used is: 100 ⁇ g Ti + 24.5 ⁇ g C + 35.2 ⁇ g Fe
  • Theoretical density of the mixture 4.25g / cm 3 Volumetric shrinkage during the reaction: 21% ⁇ b> ⁇ u> Table 4 ⁇ / u> ⁇ /b>
  • Overall percentage of TiC obtained in the reinforced microstructure after reaction Ti + 0.98 C + Fe in the reinforced part of the impactor Compaction of the granules (% of theoretical density which is 4.25 g / cm 3 ) 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
  • millimetric granules which are crimped into the metal infiltration alloy. These millimetric granules are themselves composed of microscopic particles of TiC globular tendency also crimped in the alloy metallic infiltration. This system makes it possible to obtain an impactor with a reinforcement zone comprising a macrostructure within which there is an identical microstructure on a scale approximately a thousand times smaller.
  • the reinforcing zone of the impactor comprises small globular particles of titanium carbide, hard and finely dispersed in a metal matrix which surrounds them, makes it possible to prevent the formation and propagation of cracks (see FIG. Fig. 4 & 6 ). There is thus a double dissipative system of cracks.
  • Cracks generally originate at the most fragile places, which in this case are the TiC particle or the interface between this particle and the infiltration metal alloy. If a crack originates at the interface or in the micrometric particle of TiC, the propagation of this crack is then impeded by the infiltration alloy which surrounds this particle. The toughness of the infiltration alloy is greater than that of the TiC ceramic particle. The crack needs more energy to pass from one particle to another, to cross the micrometric spaces that exist between the particles.
  • the expansion coefficient of the TiC reinforcement is lower than that of the ferrous alloy matrix (TiC expansion coefficient: 7.5 10-6 / K and the ferrous alloy: approximately 12.0 10-6 / K). This difference in the expansion coefficients has the consequence of generating tensions in the material during the solidification phase and also during the heat treatment. If these voltages are too great, cracks may appear in the room and lead to scrapping it. In this In the invention, a small proportion of TiC reinforcement (less than 50% by volume) is used, resulting in less stress in the workpiece. In addition, the presence of a more ductile matrix between the micrometric globular particles of TiC in alternating zones of low and high concentration makes it possible to better manage any local voltages.
  • the boundary between the reinforced portion and the unreinforced portion of the impactor is not abrupt because there is a continuity of the metal matrix between the reinforced portion and the unreinforced portion, thereby protect it against a complete tearing of the reinforcement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
EP09814104.7A 2008-09-19 2009-08-26 Impacteur composite pour concasseurs à percussion Active EP2323770B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09814104T PL2323770T3 (pl) 2008-09-19 2009-08-26 Kompozytowy element udarowy do kruszarek udarowych

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2008/0520A BE1018129A3 (fr) 2008-09-19 2008-09-19 Impacteur composite pour concasseurs a percussion.
PCT/EP2009/060981 WO2010031663A1 (fr) 2008-09-19 2009-08-26 Impacteur composite pour concasseurs à percussion

Publications (2)

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EP2323770A1 EP2323770A1 (fr) 2011-05-25
EP2323770B1 true EP2323770B1 (fr) 2013-11-27

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US (1) US8651407B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2323770B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5503653B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR101621996B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102176973B (zh)
AU (1) AU2009294782B2 (zh)
BE (1) BE1018129A3 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0913717B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2735877C (zh)
CL (1) CL2011000576A1 (zh)
DK (1) DK2323770T3 (zh)
EG (1) EG26800A (zh)
ES (1) ES2449440T3 (zh)
MX (1) MX2011003028A (zh)
PL (1) PL2323770T3 (zh)
PT (1) PT2323770E (zh)
WO (1) WO2010031663A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA201101792B (zh)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT2323770E (pt) 2014-02-24
PL2323770T3 (pl) 2014-07-31
KR101621996B1 (ko) 2016-05-17
CA2735877A1 (en) 2010-03-25
BE1018129A3 (fr) 2010-05-04
BRPI0913717A2 (pt) 2015-10-13
EG26800A (en) 2014-09-17
JP2012502789A (ja) 2012-02-02
CN102176973B (zh) 2014-02-26
BRPI0913717B1 (pt) 2019-11-26
CA2735877C (en) 2015-12-22
AU2009294782B2 (en) 2013-11-14
ZA201101792B (en) 2012-08-29
AU2009294782A1 (en) 2010-03-25
US20110226882A1 (en) 2011-09-22
CN102176973A (zh) 2011-09-07
DK2323770T3 (da) 2014-03-03
KR20110081151A (ko) 2011-07-13
EP2323770A1 (fr) 2011-05-25
ES2449440T3 (es) 2014-03-19
JP5503653B2 (ja) 2014-05-28
CL2011000576A1 (es) 2011-08-26
US8651407B2 (en) 2014-02-18
WO2010031663A1 (fr) 2010-03-25
MX2011003028A (es) 2011-04-12

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