Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
  • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
  • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
  • B02C18/145—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with knives spaced axially and circumferentially on the periphery of a cylindrical rotor unit
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
  • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
  • B02C18/16—Details
  • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
  • B02C18/2216—Discharge means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
  • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
  • B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

• the invention relates to a crushing machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for producing a hollow rotor for use in such a crushing machine.
• a crushing machine according to the preamble of the claim is to be further developed so that the removal of sufficient shredded material is improved by the crushing area.
• the rotor itself is provided with passages and thus in turn forms a cylindrical sieve, through the interior of which sufficiently shredded pieces of material can be pulled off. These pieces of material can pass through the passages as the rotor rotates and then be moved in the interior of the rotor by gravity or conveying means to a discharge end of the rotor.
• Pieces of material and falling through the screen surrounding the screen pieces of material can then be combined into a single stream of crushed pieces of material and stored in the usual way or z. B. be further processed by briquetting, smoldering or burning.
• the passages provided in the rotor at least partially move on the same trajectories as the knife bodies. This is particularly advantageous in terms of picking up the pieces of material separated from the knife bodies.
• the passages for discharging the crushed pieces of material are located directly in front of a knife body, which brings so small pieces of material in the vicinity of the passages in the collection and into these into it.
• the detached from a knife body of crushed chips can enter directly into the passages of the rotor, as their orientation to the
• Knife body Knife body and thus could not significantly change the lying at this passage since the separation process.
• the development of the invention according to claim 6 makes it possible to dissipate even such small material particles through the rotor, which were moved away from the way the knife body due to encounters with other pieces of material.
• the development of the invention according to claim 7 allows a reliable peeling into the interior of the rotorGoodtener small pieces of material even with horizontal alignment of the rotor axis, which is preferred in terms of uniform delivery of comminuted material to the rotor by Schwerkarft.
• a crushing machine In a crushing machine according to claim 9, one can specify a relative speed between the conveying spiral and the rotor body, which is advantageous with regard to a reliable removal of even wet and sticking of shredded material piece volumes.
• a rotor according to claim 12 can be stored at both ends simply by stub shafts and merge the shredded material pieces withdrawn via the interior of the rotor and the piece of material drawn off via the sieve surrounding the rotor already inside a common housing.
• the development of the invention according to claim 14 is in view of the minimization of friction between large located in a storage space of the crushing machine bodies and the rotor surface area of advantage.
• a method according to claim 16 has the advantage that one can start from inexpensive standard starting material, namely thick sheet metal plates, as they are commonly used in plant construction and mechanical engineering. Typical thicknesses of such sheet metal plates can be in the range of 5 to 40 mm, preferably between 10 and 30 mm.
• processing steps that are difficult to perform on a cylindrical peripheral wall of a rotor can also be done very easily even at the level Zuz Songs, in particular the provision of through holes, such as specified in claim 17. These can be easily cut into the flat plate using an NC controlled cutting machine (laser cutting machine or the like).
• a peripheral wall produced according to claim 8 is thus characterized by low production costs, rapid availability and exact cylindrical shape of its outer surface and thus comes very close to a peripheral wall made of pipe material.
• Figure 2 is a side view of the crushing machine of Figure 1, seen from the left there;
• Figure 3 is a perspective view of the hollow rotor of the crushing machine according to Figures 1 and 2;
• Figure 4 is an axial section through the rotor of Figure 3;
• Figure 5 is a plan view of the rotor of Figures 3 and 4;
• FIG. 6 shows a transverse center section through the rotor according to FIGS. 3 to 5 along the section line VI-VI of FIG. 5;
• Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 3, but in which a modified rotor is reproduced with internal conveyor spiral;
• FIG. 8 shows an axial section through the rotor according to FIG. 7;
• FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8, but showing a modified rotor with attached ribs
• Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 4, in which a modified, mounted at both ends via stub shafts rotor is again given;
• FIG. 11 is a plan view of a rectangular blank made of thick sheet metal, which is provided with a pattern of passage openings on an NC-controlled laser cutting-off machine;
• FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a cylindrical peripheral wall for a comminuting rotor, which is produced by bending, welding and superimposing Turning from the flat blank of Figure 10 is made.
• the reproduced in the drawing crushing machine has a generally designated 10 housing, which is welded together from thick, suitably folded sheet steel parts.
• a comminution roller 14 designated as a whole by 14 is mounted on non-reproduced bearings, which is also referred to as a rotor.
• the latter carries individual knife bodies 16, 18 which are staggered in the circumferential direction and in the axial direction and which cooperate with stationary complementarily serrated counter-blades 19, 20.
• crushing roller 14 is shown equipped with only one or two knife bodies. It is understood that knife bodies are to be thought of analogously at the other attachment sites.
• a side wall 22 located on the left in the drawing carries a guide wall 24 sloping downwards.
• a feed slide 28 is displaceable, which is designed as a hollow box part and by a double-acting cylinder 30 back and forth. Its top cooperates with a protective wall 32, which is connected to a right in the drawing wall 34 of the housing.
• the side walls of the feed slide 28 run under a small clearance in front of the side walls 12th
• An adjoining the upper end of the wall 34 end wall 36 of the housing 10 forms the last part of Surrounding a storage space 38, in which the material to be crushed is given.
• perforated screen 39 is arranged, which is outside the dashed n marked path of the tips of the knife body 16, 18. Sloping sloping lower hopper walls direct the chips falling through the perforated screen 39 down to a collecting channel 40 in which a screw conveyor 42 runs. This is associated with a worm drive 44.
• a synchronous motor 46 is provided which operates on the comminution roller 14 via a reduction gear 48 and a releasable coupling 50.
• the synchronous motor 46 is controllable by the frequency of the supply voltage given to it in its speed. Its supply is a frequency controllable frequency converter 52 which is connected via a power line 54 to the public 50 Hz network.
• a control line 56 connects the frequency converter 52 to a control unit 58 of the crusher.
• control line 56 receives the frequency converter
• a current sensor 60 detects the current flowing in the feed line of the synchronous motor 46. Based on the output signal of the current sensor 60, the control circuit 56 can recognize against which load the crushing roller 14 operates.
• the control line 56 stops the synchronous motor 44 and then controls it for a predetermined period of time in the reverse direction.
• hard portions in the material to be crushed which have wedged between the knife bodies 16, 18 and the counter knives 19, 20, relaxed again and usually oriented differently, so that in a subsequently re-introduced moving the crushing roller 14 in the right, in the Drawing by an arrow indicated direction other cutting conditions are obtained in the by the knife body 16, 18 and the counter knife 19, 20 formed cutting gaps and then the hard parts in the crushing well but can be broken or cut.
• control unit 58 determines that the comminuting power provided by the comminution roller 14 is below a predetermined setpoint value, it controls a working cylinder 62 in such a way that it presses comminuted material slid from the storage space 32 against the comminution cylinder 14.
• the synchronous motor 46 via the Untersetzergetriebe 48 to the crushing roller 14, this can be acted upon by very large torque and also very hard material between the knife bodies 16, 18 and the counter knives 19, 20 comminute, although the synchronous motor 44 is not extremely large Connected power required.
• the synchronous motor 44 may have a power rating in the range of orders of magnitude 100 kW, as is usually readily available at industrial sites.
• the rotor 14 has a hollow-cylindrical rotor body 70, which is connected via an welded knife carrier 72, the blades 16, 18 carries.
• the rotor body 70 is provided with milled V-shaped pockets 74, whose lateral boundary surfaces form an angle of 90 °. This angle thus fits to the side surfaces of the square blade carriers 72 which are set at 90 °. The latter are firmly connected by welding seams to the side surfaces of the pockets 74.
• the knives 18 also have square edge contour and are detachably connected via a central fastening screw 76 with the associated blade carriers.
• the edge length of the knives 18 is slightly larger (a few mm) than that of the knife carriers 72, so that they project radially beyond the latter.
• the rotor body 70 has a substantially cylindrical peripheral wall 78 and a left end wall 80 which carries a stub shaft 82.
• the latter is mounted on not shown bearings of the housing 10 and connected via a keyway 84 with the hollow shaft of the synchronous motor 46.
• the pockets 74 do not extend beyond an end region of the rotor body 70 on the right in FIG. 1, the axial dimension of which is about 1/5 of the overall axial dimension of the peripheral wall 78.
• a bearing ring 86 which cooperates with four indicated in Figure 2 at 87 bearing rollers, which is offset by 90 ° from each other by the adjacent end wall of the housing 10 is supported. In this way, the rotor 14 is supported on both sides.
• the front sides of the knife bodies 16, 18 have a concave dome-shaped form, so that four tips lying at the corners of the square are obtained, three of which are covered and one beyond the circumference of the rotor body 70 protrudes on the outside. In this way you can implement the knife 18 four times and each time has a new tip.
• the depth of the V-shaped pockets 74 is greater than the wall thickness of the circumferential wall 78, so that the interior of the rotor body 70 is cut through by the bottom of the pockets 74.
• the direction of rotation of the rotor 14 is represented by an arrow. If the knives 18 are now positioned so that their median plane lies substantially in a plane intersecting the axis of the rotor 14, a larger through-opening 88 arises, as can clearly be seen from FIGS. 1 and 6, in front of the respective knife 18 which communicates the outside of the rotor 14 with the inside thereof.
• a conveyor screw 90 is provided in the interior of the rotor 14 and is rotated by a motor 92.
• the screw conveyor 90 is located in the deepest region of the rotor interior and moved there found crushed material in the axial direction in Figure 2 to the left, in the other figures to the right.
• the left end of the rotor body 70 in FIG. 2 indicates an axial discharge opening 91. About the inside of the rotor arrived shredded material is discharged.
• This material then falls downwards at the open end of the rotor body 70 and enters a collecting space 94, which lies in the extension of the collecting channel 40, so that the falling material is likewise discharged through the conveying screw 40 as is the material which passes through the rotor 14 surrounding sieve 39 has fallen.
• the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 differs from that according to FIGS. 3 to 6 in that in each of the pockets 74 in that region which lies in the direction of rotation in front of the respective blade 18, a circular passage opening 96 is provided, which thus in geometry approximates the circular holes in screen 39.
• This design of the passage opening 96 allows the passage of shredded material pieces in the same way as in the sieve 39th
• FIG. 7 Another difference of the embodiment of Figures 7 and 8 is that on the inside of the peripheral wall 78 a helical conveyor rib 98 is arranged co-rotating, z. B. is fixed with tack welds. This promotes lying on the inside of the peripheral wall 78 small material In this way, it replaces the feed screw 90 moved by a separate motor 92, which may be sufficient in the case of dry pieces of material.
• FIG. 9 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 in that on the outer surface of the rotor body 70 axially abutting ribs 106 are placed, the flanks of which have an opening angle of 90 degrees and are aligned in the circumferential direction with the track of the knife body and which are radially slightly (eg 1 to 3 mm) behind the edges of the knife body 16, 18 lie.
• the pockets 74 are milled into the ribs 106 so that their lowest line is opposite the highest line of the considered rib.
• the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10 differs from the one described above in that the rotor body 70 has an end wall 80 at both ends, which each carries a stub shaft 82.
• the right stub shaft 82 in Figure 9 is designed as a hollow shaft, and leads through its interior a shaft 102, which carries the screw conveyor 90 and is mounted in the right hollow stub shaft 82 and a drain hole in the left end wall 80.
• the discharge of the rotor 14 is separated from the storage space 38 by an intermediate wall 104, so that the window 100 can not be blocked by large pieces of material wasdne.
• a rectangular blank is shown, which is made by cutting out of a thick sheet.
• a thick sheet is to be understood here as meaning a sheet whose thickness is between 5 mm and 40 mm, preferably about 10 to 30 mm, particularly preferably about 20 mm.
• the blank 108 has through openings 96, as already mentioned with reference to the embodiment described above.
• the production of the through-openings 96 is carried out using an NC-controlled cutting machine which comprises a laser separating welding head, an autogenous separating welding head or another separating welding head or another Cutting head, z. B. may have a milling head.
• a pattern of through-openings 96 is provided over the blank 108, which is characterized by a succession of V-shaped openings
• the tip of the V is located in each case at the longitudinal center line of the blank 108.
• the individual passage openings 96 thus form swept sets.
• a sleeve as shown in FIG. 12, can be obtained by bending the blank into a cylindrical shape on a roll bending machine.
• the bending of thick sheets can be, especially if it contains through holes, only with great effort so accomplish that you get an exact cylindrical outer surface of the peripheral wall 112 after bending.
• the rotor core thus obtained is then clamped in a lathe, and the outer surface of the circumferential wall 112 is then turned over and optionally ground, whereby it receives a shape concentric with the axis of the mounted stub shafts.
• the knife carrier and the knives are then used.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-08-22 DE DE102008039258A patent/DE102008039258A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2009
  • 2009-08-21 WO PCT/EP2009/006086 patent/WO2010020426A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2009-08-21 US US13/060,209 patent/US20110192926A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-08-21 EP EP09756138A patent/EP2318140A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-08-21 CN CN2009801417546A patent/CN102196864A/zh active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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