EP2283530A1 - Feuille-enveloppe mince pour éléments galvaniques - Google Patents

Feuille-enveloppe mince pour éléments galvaniques

Info

Publication number
EP2283530A1
EP2283530A1 EP09741840A EP09741840A EP2283530A1 EP 2283530 A1 EP2283530 A1 EP 2283530A1 EP 09741840 A EP09741840 A EP 09741840A EP 09741840 A EP09741840 A EP 09741840A EP 2283530 A1 EP2283530 A1 EP 2283530A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
film
layer
electrodes
barrier layer
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09741840A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Kohlberger
Arno Perner
Martin Krebs
Thomas Wöhrle
Robert Hahn
Krystan Marquardt
Elke ZANGL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VARTA Microbattery GmbH
Original Assignee
VARTA Microbattery GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VARTA Microbattery GmbH filed Critical VARTA Microbattery GmbH
Publication of EP2283530A1 publication Critical patent/EP2283530A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121—Organic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
    • Y10T29/4911—Electric battery cell making including sealing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
    • Y10T428/265—1 mil or less

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thin housing film for galvanic elements, a galvanic element with such a film and a method for producing such a galvanic element.
  • primary lithium cells and secondary lithium ion cells are preferably used as energy source in many cases.
  • such cells always have a film housing, which may consist for example of a metal foil or of a multilayer composite film.
  • films having at least one layer of plastic and at least one metal layer are used as multilayer composite films.
  • the metal layer acts in particular as the actual protective layer against penetrating moisture
  • the layer of plastic serves primarily as a carrier and ensures mechanical stability of the composite and protection against chemical attack.
  • the metal foils used for such composite films have a production-related usually a thickness of at least 30 microns; Typically, the thickness of the metal foils is between 40 and 50 microns.
  • the thickness of aluminum composite films for so-called pouch cells or soft packs is typically from 100 to 130 ⁇ m. A slide with a sequence of the kind _.
  • Adhesion promoter e.g., polyurethane-based adhesive, 5 ⁇ m
  • Metal foil e.g., aluminum, 40 ⁇ m
  • coupling agent e.g., polyurethane-based adhesive, 5 ⁇ m
  • Outer film (e.g., polyamide, 25 ⁇ m)
  • the present invention is based, in particular, on the provision of improved films with which, in particular, it is also possible to build very thin galvanic elements which have a higher energy density than comparable galvanic elements known from the prior art.
  • a film for galvanic elements according to the invention has a carrier layer and a barrier layer arranged thereon, wherein the barrier layer is a layer of polymer structure deposited from the gas phase.
  • Such a vapor-deposited layer with a polymeric structure has special properties which make it particularly suitable as a housing film or as part of a housing film for galvanic elements.
  • films from the carrier and barrier layers described below despite their small thickness, have excellent mechanical properties and very good insulation properties.
  • the films proved to be a very effective barrier against water or water vapor.
  • the barrier layer is a layer intended in particular to prevent the permeation of water vapor through the film.
  • a layer having a polymeric structure is to be understood as meaning any layer of high-molecular chains and / or networks which are essentially composed of the same or similar structural units.
  • Such structures are usually always prepared using at least one suitable polymer precursor, which may in particular comprise reactive single monomers.
  • suitable polymer precursor which may in particular comprise reactive single monomers.
  • all compounds which are suitable for deposition from the gas phase are basically suitable as polymer precursors. Particularly suitable materials will be discussed in more detail below.
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
  • the plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition can reduce the temperature load on the substrate to be coated, which also makes it possible to coat relatively sensitive substrates such as plastic films.
  • a plasma is generated in which a carrier gas is excited with the chemical compound to be deposited.
  • a film according to the invention preferably has no adhesion-promoting layer between the barrier layer and further layers.
  • the backing layer has been surface treated prior to depositing the barrier layer to ensure optimum adhesion.
  • the carrier layer may be subjected to a corona treatment before the barrier layer is deposited.
  • a corona treatment is known to be a widely used electrochemical surface modification process in which a surface is exposed to a high voltage electrical discharge. Such treatment generally increases the wettability of surfaces.
  • suitable surface treatment methods which may be mentioned in particular include flame treatment, chemical treatments such as fluorination and plasma treatment.
  • flame treatment chemical treatments such as fluorination and plasma treatment.
  • the primary goal of all these methods is usually to increase the polarity of the surface, which, as mentioned, significantly improves wettability and chemical affinity.
  • the barrier layer is a layer of an organic polymer.
  • polyparaxylylenes parylene
  • parylene is an inert, hydrophobic, optically transparent, polymeric material with a wide range of industrial applications. Parylene is usually produced by chemical vapor deposition. The starting material used here in particular is para-xylylene dimer or a halogenated derivative thereof. This can be vaporized and passed through a high temperature zone. This forms a highly reactive monomer which reacts on the surface of the substrate to be coated usually immediately to a chain-like polymer. For curing, it is only necessary to keep the substrate to be coated at a not too high temperature, for example room temperature. Deposited parylene films are usually always pore-free and transparent. Thus, they have an excellent suitability as a barrier layer.
  • the barrier layer is a layer of an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer, in particular an organosilicon layer.
  • a layer can be deposited, for example, by the above-mentioned PECVD method.
  • the barrier layer has a thickness between 1 nm and 10000 nm.
  • desired thicknesses can be set relatively flexibly within this range. Particular preference is given to thicknesses between see 25 nm and 5000 nm, in particular between 50 nm and 2500 nm.
  • the carrier layer is particularly preferably a film, in particular a plastic film, more preferably a film based on a polyolefin and / or a polyester (PETP film) and / or a polyimide (PI).
  • polyolefins are in particular polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and / or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in question.
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the carrier layer has a total thickness of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m, in particular between 1 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m.
  • the film according to the invention may comprise an electrically conductive layer or coating, in particular a metallic layer or coating, for example of copper or of a copper alloy. On the one hand, this reinforces the film, but in particular it can also act as a current conductor and as another barrier film against moisture penetration.
  • the electrically conductive layer or coating preferably has a total thickness between 1 nm and 5000 nm, in particular between 25 nm and 3000 nm, particularly preferably between 50 nm and 2000 nm.
  • preferred embodiments of the film according to the invention have one of the following sequences.
  • a film with such a sequence is particularly suitable as a housing film for cells that should do without separate arrester, such as because a particularly thin housing design is required.
  • the electrically conductive layer or coating is then preferably oriented to the inside of the cell housing.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the term PVD method denotes a group of vacuum-based coating methods or thin-film technologies in which, in contrast to the abovementioned CVD methods, the layer or coating is formed directly by condensation of a material vapor of the starting material. Also, PVD methods are known in the art and need not be explained in detail in the context of the present description.
  • the electrically conductive layer or coating may be e.g. can also be applied by sputtering or by vapor deposition.
  • the electrically conductive layer or coating may also be a foil, in particular a metal foil, which is adhesively bonded to the carrier foil, for example.
  • the carrier layer if appropriate with the barrier layer already applied thereto, to be surface-treated before the application of the electrically conductive layer or coating, in order to obtain a To ensure optimum adhesion, analogous to the possible surface treatment before applying the barrier layer. This is particularly preferred when the electrically conductive layer or coating is applied by a physical process.
  • the film according to the invention has an electrically conductive layer or coating which is not continuous.
  • the layer or coating may in particular also be conductor tracks which are arranged on the carrier layer and / or on the barrier layer.
  • conductor tracks made of copper can be glued as a film to the carrier layer or applied by means of a mask by sputtering or a PVD method.
  • an electrically conductive layer or coating when present as a conductor, it may also be preferred that it is made of an electrically conductive paste (e.g., a silver, graphite or copper paste).
  • an electrically conductive paste e.g., a silver, graphite or copper paste.
  • Such pastes can be applied to the carrier film, for example via a printing process.
  • the pastes may contain binders in the form of polymers and / or polymer precursors, which may be thermally or chemically solidified, for example.
  • the films of the invention are temperature stable and resistant to common electrolyte solutions under the normal operating conditions of a battery. Particularly noteworthy is their effect as a permeation barrier. Tests on the permeability of the films according to the invention have shown that with regard to the permeation of water vapor at least as good values were obtained as with conventional composite films, as mentioned above.
  • a galvanic element according to the invention has at least one positive and at least one negative electrode. It also has at least one film with the properties described above, which can serve in particular as a housing film to protect the electrodes.
  • the galvanic element according to the invention has a housing which substantially completely surrounds or envelops the electrodes and which at least partially consists of the at least one film according to the invention.
  • the housing according to the invention may for example consist of two films according to the invention, which are glued together (for example via a sealing film) or welded and form a kind of pocket in which the electrodes are located.
  • the electrodes may be provided in this embodiment with arresters, which are led out of the housing and form on the outside of the poles of the galvanic element according to the invention.
  • at least one film with an electrically conductive layer can be used, as described above, in which case the electrically conductive layer can take over the function of the arrester or the arrester.
  • the films are isolated from each other, for example via a sealing film.
  • a sealing film In particular, of course, the use of films in question, which have the above-mentioned interconnects, which are arranged on the carrier layer and / or on the barrier layer. More on that later.
  • films of the invention are particularly suitable for the production of very thin galvanic elements, in particular flat cells with a cell height ⁇ 3 mm, more preferably ⁇ 2 mm, in particular ⁇ 1 mm.
  • Such cells may be, for example, primary lithium or secondary lithium-ion cells.
  • the galvanic element according to the invention has at least one _
  • the galvanic element according to the invention is preferably a lithium-ion cell.
  • Suitable active materials such as lithium cobalt oxide for the positive electrode or graphite / carbon for the negative electrode are known to the person skilled in the art and need not be explained in more detail in the context of the present invention. The same applies to suitable electrolytes and separators that can be matched to the respective active materials.
  • manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) is used as active material in the cathode;
  • the anode is made of metallic lithium foil.
  • the galvanic element according to the invention may also be a battery which has been produced at least in part via one or more printing processes.
  • the electrically conductive layer or coating e.g. make the electrodes via printing.
  • the galvanic element according to the invention can be a zinc-manganese-containing element, the electrodes being composed of a zinc paste of zinc powder, a suitable binder and a solvent (as anode material) and a manganese dioxide brown paste, a suitable binder and a solvent, possibly with graphite and / or carbon as a conductive material (as a cathode material) were prepared.
  • a galvanic element according to the invention has at least one positive and at least one negative electrode, which are arranged side by side on a substrate.
  • a galvanic element according to the invention has at least two positive and / or at least two negative electrodes, which are arranged side by side on a substrate.
  • the electrodes may be connected in parallel or in series in these embodiments.
  • Voltage, capacity and pulse capacity can be flexibly adjusted. For example, can be obtained by serial connection of ten units with a voltage of 3.1 V (electrochemical system lithium MnO 2 ), a galvanic element according to the invention with a voltage of about 31 V.
  • the substrate in both cases is preferably a sheet-like substrate such as paper or a film, the use of a
  • Plastic or plastic composite film is further preferred as a substrate.
  • the substrate is preferably either electrically non-conductive (in question, in particular, a film according to the invention without an electrically conductive layer or coating) or partially conductive.
  • electrically non-conductive in question, in particular, a film according to the invention without an electrically conductive layer or coating
  • partially conductive in particular films according to the invention with conductor tracks arranged thereon are suitable, as described above.
  • the electrodes are preferably connected to one another via an electrolyte, in particular an ion-conducting electrolyte, which preferably at least partially covers the electrodes.
  • electrolyte in particular an ion-conducting electrolyte, which preferably at least partially covers the electrodes.
  • gel-type electrolytes for example those based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), or electrolytes based on an ion-conducting ceramic, are suitable ionic-conductive electrolytes.
  • electrolytes can also be produced or applied via a printing process.
  • a printing process at least one positive and at least one negative electrode can be applied to the substrate next to one another and printed in a second printing process.
  • the electrolyte eg as a thin layer that covers the electrodes.
  • the electrodes are particularly preferably applied to a film according to the invention as a substrate having on its surface the above-mentioned conductor tracks.
  • a structure of printed conductors can be applied with predefined positions for the electrodes, which are then in the next step e.g. can be printed. Separate arresters are then no longer needed.
  • a galvanic element according to the invention has the following level sequence in preferred embodiments:
  • the two electrodes arranged side by side on the substrate may be e.g. around the at least one positive and the at least one negative electrode act.
  • elec- tors also the at least two positive and / or at least two negative electrodes in question.
  • the galvanic element according to the invention is correspondingly suitable in particular for the field of polymer electronics or smart labels as well as for electronic medical patches.
  • the present invention further relates to a process for the production of a galvanic element.
  • the method at least two electrodes are applied side by side on a substrate and covered with a film.
  • the substrate and / or the film is one of the films described above with a barrier layer arranged on a carrier layer.
  • the at least two electrodes are the at least one positive and at least one negative electrode already mentioned above.
  • the at least two electrodes may be the above-mentioned at least two positive and / or at least two negative electrodes.
  • the substrate and / or the film is preferably a film according to the invention with printed conductors applied thereon.
  • the cover film may, for example, be adhered to the substrate or welded to the substrate so that it completely covers the electrodes and the electrolyte and forms with the substrate the already mentioned sealing housing.
  • the electrodes and / or the electrolyte can be printed on the substrate, as described for example in WO 2006/105966. Reference is also made to the content of this document and referenced.
  • a film A according to the invention was produced in the following way:
  • a 25 ⁇ m thick PETP film was stretched on a suitable device and cleaned by means of deionized water and nitrogen blower of possibly existing dust particles.
  • the film was then placed in a plasma reactor and treated to activate the surface with a plasma at a power of 240 W and a chamber pressure of 7.5 mbar.
  • Optimal results are achieved with a two-stage plasma of oxygen / sulfur hexafluoride and pure oxygen as reaction gases.
  • the gas flow was about 54/6 sccm for the gas mixture in the O 2 / SF 6 step and 60 sccm for the oxygen step.
  • parylene C was then deposited at a pressure of about 0.03 mbar.
  • a suitable reactor which consists of an evaporator, a pyrolysis furnace and an evacuable reactor space.
  • the parylene was deposited in the reactor space from the gas phase.
  • the generated layer thickness was about 2 ⁇ m.
  • a second film B with arrester function according to the invention was produced in the following way:
  • a film A produced in the manner described was provided with current arresters by activating the parylene layer by means of oxygen plasma (60 sccm) at a power of 200 W and a chamber pressure of 7.5 mbar and then with a Ti / W / Au layer was sputtered.
  • the sputtering parameters were chosen so that the arrester structures generated bring as little mechanical stress into the overall structure as possible.
  • a paste-like cathode mass was prepared by mixing 88 percent by weight at 360 0 C thermally activated manganese dioxide (electrolytic MnO 2), 4 percent by weight of conductive carbon black (Super P, Fa. Timcal Belgium) and 8 percent by weight Polyviniylidenfluorid-hexafluoropropylene PVdF HFP (Solef to 21216, Solvay) in acetone and the resulting mass applied to the electrical conductive layer (current collector) of a film B prepared as described above. The carrier solvent was then evaporated and the resulting electrode tape was vacuum dried (110 ° C., 48 h).
  • Dried tape was soaked in a liquid lithium electrolyte and a polyolefin separator was laid up.
  • the stack of electrode and separator was then placed in a housing half part of film B, on the inside of which previously 70 micron thick lithium foil had been pressed so that an electrical contact to the current collector exists. This was followed by ultrasonic welding of the two halves of the film.
  • the resulting primary lithium cell had a quiescent voltage of about 3.1V.
  • Fig. 2 shows the time course of the internal resistance of the lithium cell in the so-called tropical moisture storage (45 ° C).
  • the solid line represents the course of a lithium cell produced according to the invention, the dashed line represents that of a comparative cell without a barrier layer.
  • the increase in internal resistance correlates with the ingress of moisture from the outside.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une feuille-enveloppe pour éléments galvaniques, comprenant : une couche barrière à structure polymère, qui est déposée à partir d'une phase gazeuse, sur une couche-support, un élément galvanique présentant au moins une électrode positive et au moins une électrode négative, ledit élément présentant au moins une telle feuille. L'invention concerne également un procédé de production d'un élément galvanique, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux électrodes sont appliquées, l'une à côté de l'autre, sur un substrat, et sont recouvertes par une feuille, et en ce qu'on utilise, pour le substrat et/ou pour la feuille, la feuille-enveloppe précitée.
EP09741840A 2008-05-03 2009-04-30 Feuille-enveloppe mince pour éléments galvaniques Withdrawn EP2283530A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008023571A DE102008023571A1 (de) 2008-05-03 2008-05-03 Dünne Gehäusefolie für galvanische Elemente
PCT/EP2009/003132 WO2009135621A1 (fr) 2008-05-03 2009-04-30 Feuille-enveloppe mince pour éléments galvaniques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2283530A1 true EP2283530A1 (fr) 2011-02-16

Family

ID=41040500

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09741840A Withdrawn EP2283530A1 (fr) 2008-05-03 2009-04-30 Feuille-enveloppe mince pour éléments galvaniques

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20110086260A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2283530A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2011523493A (fr)
KR (1) KR20110018338A (fr)
CN (1) CN102099946A (fr)
DE (1) DE102008023571A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009135621A1 (fr)

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CN102099946A (zh) 2011-06-15
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KR20110018338A (ko) 2011-02-23
US20110086260A1 (en) 2011-04-14

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