EP2254136A1 - Apparat zur Bestimmung der Integrität von Kontakten, die durch die Variation der Wellendrehung der Pole gedrückt sind und sein Herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Apparat zur Bestimmung der Integrität von Kontakten, die durch die Variation der Wellendrehung der Pole gedrückt sind und sein Herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2254136A1
EP2254136A1 EP10354011A EP10354011A EP2254136A1 EP 2254136 A1 EP2254136 A1 EP 2254136A1 EP 10354011 A EP10354011 A EP 10354011A EP 10354011 A EP10354011 A EP 10354011A EP 2254136 A1 EP2254136 A1 EP 2254136A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
electrical protection
rotation
contact
pole shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10354011A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2254136B1 (de
Inventor
Marc Rival
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority to PL10354011T priority Critical patent/PL2254136T3/pl
Publication of EP2254136A1 publication Critical patent/EP2254136A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2254136B1 publication Critical patent/EP2254136B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/22—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact
    • H01H1/221—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact and a contact pressure spring acting between the pivoted member and a supporting member
    • H01H1/225—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact and a contact pressure spring acting between the pivoted member and a supporting member the supporting member being pivotable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0062—Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/048—Means for indicating condition of the switching device containing non-mechanical switch position sensor, e.g. HALL sensor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
    • H01H71/52—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever
    • H01H71/526—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever the lever forming a toggle linkage with a second lever, the free end of which is directly and releasably engageable with a contact structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the evaluation of the erosion of pole contacts in a switchgear device by indirect measurement of the rotational displacement of a drive mechanism of the contacts.
  • the invention relates to a switchgear comprising a pair of movable contacts relative to each other, the movable contact being supported by an arm allowing it an over-stroke in the closed position.
  • the invention also relates to a method for providing a high electrodynamic breaking device with means for verifying the integrity of the contacts.
  • a power supply line of an electrical load to be controlled is conventionally provided with at least one switching device which comprises, for each phase, pairs of movable contacts relatively to each other in order to switch the load.
  • the actuation of the contacts can be carried out in different ways; in particular, for certain high-power cut-off devices (in particular greater than 1000 A), used for example in safety at the head end, high electrodynamic resistance is required and the contacts are driven by a lever system coupled to a rotary axis , itself actuated by a toggle mechanism with two pivoting links, as for example described in EP 0 222 645 , EP 0 789 380 or EP 1 347 479 .
  • the contacts may be arranged directly on the conductors or comprise pellets of suitable material, in particular silver alloy; whatever the technological choice, the contacts wear out more or less during each switching and in particular in the presence of arc.
  • This wear can, after a large number of switching operations, lead to a failure of the switchgear, with consequences on the safety and availability of the installation.
  • a solution Usual is to systematically change the contacts, or even the entire cutoff device, after a predetermined number of operations, unrelated to the actual wear of the pellets.
  • the document EP 0 878 015 is thus based on the modification of the contact pressure during an opening operation of the breaking device; this type of device however requires the addition of specific means for measuring the switching voltage at a neutral point and the use of an auxiliary switch.
  • the document FR 2 834 120 proposes the study of the evolution of the travel time of the wear stroke of the contacts during a closing movement by current measurement in the control electromagnet; this solution does not apply to circuit breakers that can be opened or closed manually.
  • the invention aims to provide a device for verifying the integrity of the contacts simple and suitable for switching devices which a moving contact driven by a rotary axis is depressed at the end of the closing maneuver of the device.
  • the invention relates to an electrical protection apparatus provided with such a device measuring the variation of the rotation of the drive shaft in the over-stroke phase.
  • the electrical protection apparatus is preferably multipole, and each pole comprises a pair of movable contacts relative to each other between an open position and a closed position.
  • the movable contact is mounted on a support arm comprising two sliding parts relative to each other so that, in the closed position of the contacts, the movable contact can be either in the rest position, the docking position, or position pushed into the support arm.
  • spring means urging the contact in non-recessed rest position, projecting relative to the arm.
  • At least one pair of contacts is associated with a pair of arcing contacts which are usually separated from one another but which close transiently upon actuation of the poles; in particular, the support arm of the movable contact comprises an arc contact at its end.
  • the support arm of the movable contact is driven between the open position and the closed positions by rotation of an axis of the protective device coupled thereto by a bead wire.
  • the rotary axis is a pole shaft common to the entire switchgear; the breaking device can in particular be strong electrodynamic resistance, with actuated by a toggle mechanism and reset device.
  • the residual rotation of the pole shaft once the contacts are closed is the order of 30% of its total rotation during a closing maneuver.
  • the switching device comprises a contact wear determining device which measures the angle traveled by the rotary axis between the contact position of the pole contacts and the end position of the contact. axis.
  • the determination device is preferably an angular sensor or a rotation sensor, coupled directly to the rotary axis.
  • the rotation sensor is magnetic and operates remotely; in particular, magnet type magnetic means are arranged on the axis, in particular at its end, and detection means are placed on the housing of the cut-off device facing the magnetic means.
  • the invention in another aspect, relates to a method for equipping a switchgear as presented by a device for measuring the integrity of its contacts by setting up a rotation sensor at one end of the pole tree.
  • the method can be applied for existing devices, and it preferably comprises the securing of magnetic means on one end of the pole shaft and the establishment in front of the magnetic means means for detecting their angular position.
  • a circuit breaker 10 with high intensities, greater than 800 A comprises, for each pole and in a conventional manner, a pair of breaking or main contacts.
  • Each main contact is preferably associated with a pellet 12, 14 of suitable material, for example of silver alloy, and one of the pads 14 is mounted on an arm 16 pivoting between an open position in which it is remote from the fixed contact 12 , and a closing position in which the mechanical and electrical contact between the pads 12, 14 is established.
  • the pole also includes an arc extinguishing chamber 18 and a pair of main terminals (not shown) intended to engage on connection pads.
  • the circuit breaker 10 comprises a plurality of poles arranged in parallel planes, perpendicular to a pole shaft 20 which is common to them: the order of closure or opening of the poles is transmitted to each movable contact 14 since the pole shaft 20 via a drive mechanism 22 lever.
  • the pole shaft 20 is rotatably mounted on the casing of the circuit breaker 10 and actuated by appropriate means.
  • the actuating mechanism is of the toggle type, with two links 24, 26 pivoting relative to each other.
  • One of the rods 24 is articulated in rotation on a trigger hook 28 pivotally mounted on a fixed axis; the other rod 26 is mechanically coupled to a crank 30 of the pole shaft 20, which is also common to all the poles and which also forms one of the levers of the drive mechanism 22 of the contacts 14.
  • An opening spring 32 is anchored between the crank 30 and a fixed retainer, and tends to bias the crank 30 toward its open position.
  • An opening pawl 34 formed by a lever pivoting about a fixed axis, is controlled by an opening latch 36 in the form of a half-moon; the opening pawl 34 is biased by a spring towards the trigger hook 28, away from the half moon 36.
  • a roller is provided on the opening pawl 34 between its ends to cooperate with a shaped recess of V of the trigger hook 28, which is biased by a spring (not illustrated) tending to shorten the distance between the hinge axis of the toggle mechanism 24, 26 on the trigger hook 28 and the hinge axis of the knee mechanism on the crank 30.
  • the switching device 10 is adapted to be reset, that is to say that it is provided with an energy accumulator so as to assist the closing function, such as by example described in the document EP 0 222 645 .
  • a driving lever 40 is pivotally mounted about a fixed axis 42, and an elastic energy storage device comprising at least one closing spring 44 is pivotally mounted on a fixed point and a finger of the driving lever 40.
  • the driving lever 40 carries a roller 46 intended to cooperate with a camming cam 48 keyed on a shaft 50 and having a roller 52 adapted to cooperate with a locking pawl 54 pivoting about a fixed axis.
  • a locking latch 56 able to lock the pawl 54, is biased resiliently by a spring towards its closed position; the pawl 54 is itself biased by a spring towards its locked position.
  • the pole shaft 20 is actuated via these various elements and then drives the movable contacts 14.
  • its crank 30 is provided, for each pole, with a connecting rod 60 which connects it to the arm
  • the support arm 16 is provided with two sliding parts relative to one another: a cage 62 is moved directly by the rod 60 relative to which it is pivotally mounted.
  • the portion 64 of the arm 16 which carries the contact pad 14 slides inside the cage 62, preferably hinged about an axis 66; spring means 67, for example one or more contact pressure springs, arranged between the support 64 and the cage 62 urge the pellet 14 in projecting position relative to the cage.
  • This configuration allows an over-closing stroke of the contact pad 14 relative to the docking, so that in current passage position between the contacts 12, 14, the cage 62 can continue its movement without increasing the pressure on the pellets 12, 14.
  • the arm 16 is thus pivotally mounted by its cage 62 about a first axis 68 between the closed position and the open position, and the support 64 of the movable contact 14 is articulated on a second axis 66 of the cage 62.
  • the pole shaft 20 When closing the contacts 12, 14, in a first step, the pole shaft 20 is rotated, and the toggle mechanism directly drives the contact arm 16; when closing, the two pellets 12, 14 come into contact ( Figure 1B ). The shaft 20 can then continue its course, and the movement of the cage 62 of the arm 16 continues beyond the docking position, the movable contact 14 "sinking" inside the cage 62: figure 1C .
  • the opening distance d 1 is of the order of 40 mm
  • the depression d 2 can be of the order of 4.5 to 6 mm, for example 5, 5 mm
  • the stroke of the cage 62 is thus more than 10% greater than the opening distance.
  • the toggle system 22 and remote pole shaft 20 allows a reduction of displacements, and the rotational stroke of the pole shaft 20 continues at a significant angle ⁇ 2 after the closing of the poles.
  • the total travel ⁇ of the pole shaft 20, fixed and determined by the design of the apparatus is of the order of 45 to 50 °.
  • the movable contact 14 has already traveled 3 ⁇ 4 of its stroke, and the opening of the contacts is only 10 mm; thus, during the docking of the contacts 12, 14 and after a stroke ⁇ 1 , it remains to the shaft 20 preferably still about 30% of its rotation to be performed.
  • this remaining stroke ⁇ 2 is used to accurately determine the depression d 2 of the contact support 64, that is to say the degree of erosion of the contact pads 12, 14. indeed, as and when they wear, the contacting of the pellets is later and the depression d 2 starts at a rotation ⁇ 1 upper bar 20; the stroke ⁇ 2 of the pole shaft 20 after docking decreases accordingly, which decreases the driving stroke d 2 of an amount equal to the variation in the thickness of the pellets 12, 14, that is to say their wear.
  • the angular variation ( ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 2i ) of the residual rotation of the bar 20 after closure is thus directly correlated to the variation (d 2 - d 2i ) of the driving distance of the fixed contact, and therefore to the wear of the contacts 12, 14.
  • a sensor 70 measures the rotation ⁇ 2 of the pole shaft 20 between the moment of contact between mobile and fixed contacts 12, 14, that is to say the beginning of the current flow in the device 10, and the limit of the shaft 20 in the closed position.
  • a direct relation makes it possible to evaluate, over time, the distance d 2 or the wear (d 2 - d 2i ) as a function of the variation ( ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 2i ), for example by a percentage.
  • the senor 70 of small volume, is located at the end of the bar 20, for example at an end near the housing of the circuit breaker 10, outside the areas likely to be polluted during cuts by debris and away from possible jets hot gases.
  • the sensor 70 is of the non-contact type in order to limit any bias due to wear or friction within the sensor 70.
  • a non-contact sliding magnetic type sensor particularly with a grating (or " Magnetic array type rotation sensor " according to the English terminology)
  • this type of sensor 70 comprises magnetic means 72, in particular a magnet, which can be secured to the element whose rotation is to be determined; in particular, the magnet 72 can be directly coupled to the bar of the poles 20 by bonding at its end, or any other mechanical means.
  • the sensor 70 also comprises detection means 74, and in particular a printed circuit board type detector approximately 4 mm in length; the detector 74 is positioned facing the magnetic means 72, for example coupled to the case of the circuit breaker 10, in particular set up in a suitable housing.
  • the detector 74 is connected in a conventional manner to means for processing the information and presenting the results, for example an electronic module already present on the circuit breaker 10 to which a new function is added.
  • the senor 70 is as described in the documents EP 1 830 162 or EP 1 921 423 , with an angular resolution of the order of 0.2 to 0.5 °.
  • an angular resolution of the order of 0.36 ° is equivalent to less than one thousandth of a revolution: in the previous embodiment, this corresponds to a resolution in the recess of less than 0.1 mm.
  • the pellets 12, 14 are conventionally manufactured to tolerate a wear of 2.5 to 3 mm, the monitoring of the service life by this method is reliable.
  • the sensor 70 can be put in place on all the new switching devices 10; preferably, the mounting of the sensor 70 is optional, so as to avoid the additional cost of detection for the cutoff devices 10 for a pure security use in which the visual determination of the wear of the contacts 12, 14 in operation of maintenance can be sufficient. It is also possible to adapt this device for measuring the wear of the contacts by angular variation on existing breaking devices 10, by positioning the two respective parts of the sensor 70, for example by fixing a magnet 72 on the bar 20 which is easily accessible when the circuit breaker cover 10 is open, and attachment of the detector 74 to the housing by any appropriate means, bonding type or other ...
  • the device and the method according to the invention are also suitable for the preceding cut-off devices 10 further comprising an arc contact: in this configuration, the arc contact is the main touched by the phenomenon of wear.
  • the accuracy of the determination according to the invention it is possible to check and monitor the integrity of the contact pads 12, 14, for example to generate an alert if an unacceptable wear rating is exceeded.
  • the extinguishing chamber 18 of the high intensity cut-off device 10 is limited by an arc guiding horn 78: see Figure 1A .
  • a pair of arc contacts 82, 84 is added, near a flange 88 of said horn 78.
  • a fixed arc contact 82 is adjacent to one of the main fixed contacts 12, and the movable arcing contact 84 is located on the same arm 16 as the movable main contact 14, in particular at one end of the same support 64 sliding in the cage 62.
  • only one pair of arcing contacts 82, 84 is present or several, for example six out of ten arms 16 have movable arcing contacts 84.
  • the pair of arcing contacts 82, 84 is usually open, i.e. the two arcing contacts are separated from each other; when triggering the breaking device 10, a temporary closing of the arcing contacts 82, 84 takes place before separation of the main contacts 12, 14 so that, during the separation of the main contacts 12, 14, there is has no interruption of the current flowing through the arc contacts; when the movement of the pole shaft 20 continues, the arcing contacts 82, 84 open to interrupt the current, with the formation of an electric arc, guided by the flange 88 and the guide horn 78.
  • the arc is located mainly on the arc contacts 82, 84, their material is chosen to improve their resistance, the main contacts 12, 14 remaining in the material most conducive to the nominal passage of the high intensity current.
  • the angle is measured after docking the arcing contacts 82, 84, and it is at first erosion of said arcing contacts 82, 84 which is followed; the wear of the pellets 12, 14 is considered in a second step and an alert is generated either as soon as the pellets 12, 14 start to wear, or if an inappropriate wear rating of the main contacts is exceeded 12 , 14.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to be predictive thanks to the visualization of the erosion of the arcing contacts 82, 84, whereas a conventional recess measurement system does not make it possible to follow it and therefore to anticipate the beginning of the wear of the main contacts 12, 14.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP10354011A 2009-05-18 2010-03-19 Apparat zur Bestimmung der Integrität von Kontakten, die durch die Variation der Wellendrehung der Pole gedrückt sind und sein Herstellungsverfahren Active EP2254136B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL10354011T PL2254136T3 (pl) 2009-05-18 2010-03-19 Układ do oszacowywania integralności wciskanych styków na podstawie zmiany obrotu wału biegunów oraz sposób jego wytwarzania

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0902433A FR2945661A1 (fr) 2009-05-18 2009-05-18 Evaluation de l'usure de contacts enfonces par la variation de la rotation de l'arbre des poles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2254136A1 true EP2254136A1 (de) 2010-11-24
EP2254136B1 EP2254136B1 (de) 2012-05-30

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Family Applications (1)

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EP10354011A Active EP2254136B1 (de) 2009-05-18 2010-03-19 Apparat zur Bestimmung der Integrität von Kontakten, die durch die Variation der Wellendrehung der Pole gedrückt sind und sein Herstellungsverfahren

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8264232B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2254136B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101894692B (de)
ES (1) ES2384633T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2945661A1 (de)
PL (1) PL2254136T3 (de)

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FR2983293B1 (fr) * 2011-11-28 2014-08-01 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede d'evaluation des performances mecaniques d'un appareil de coupure et appareil de coupure pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede
FR2983294B1 (fr) * 2011-11-28 2014-07-11 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede d'evaluation des performances mecaniques d'un dispositif de coupure et dispositf de coupure pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede
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US9685287B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2017-06-20 Eaton Corporation Circuit breakers with moving contact having heel-toe action
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CN106710983B (zh) * 2016-12-22 2018-09-04 上海电器股份有限公司人民电器厂 一种低压断路器的操作机构
EP3561849B1 (de) * 2018-04-23 2023-03-08 ABB S.p.A. Schutzschalter
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EP0789380A1 (de) 1996-02-06 1997-08-13 Schneider Electric Sa Betätigungsmechanismus für einen Lastschalter mit durch einen kurzschlussentkuppelbare Verriegelung
EP0977233A1 (de) * 1998-07-29 2000-02-02 Schneider Electric Sa Leistungsschalter mit hoher elektrodynamischer Festigkeit und Ausschaltleistung
EP1155909A1 (de) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-21 Deere & Company Pedalweggebereinheit
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EP1830162A1 (de) 2004-12-14 2007-09-05 Ntn Corporation Rotationsdetektionsvorrichtung und damit ausgestattetes lager
EP1921423A1 (de) 2005-08-17 2008-05-14 Ntn Corporation Rotationssensor und lager mit rotationsmess-funktionseinrichtung
WO2007033913A1 (de) 2005-09-21 2007-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum bestimmen des abbrandes von kontakten eines elektromagnetischen schaltgerätes und elektromagnetisches schaltgerät mit einer nach diesem verfahren arbeitenden einrichtung

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2995407A1 (fr) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-14 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede d'evalutation des performances mecaniques d'un dispositif de coupure et dispositif de coupure pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede
US9324513B2 (en) 2012-09-10 2016-04-26 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Method for evaluating the mechanical performances of a switchgear device and switchgear device for implementation of said method

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US20100288606A1 (en) 2010-11-18
ES2384633T3 (es) 2012-07-10
PL2254136T3 (pl) 2012-10-31
CN101894692A (zh) 2010-11-24
EP2254136B1 (de) 2012-05-30
US8264232B2 (en) 2012-09-11
FR2945661A1 (fr) 2010-11-19
CN101894692B (zh) 2014-05-28

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