EP2320443B1 - Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Kontaktabbrands von elektrischen Schaltgeräten - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Kontaktabbrands von elektrischen Schaltgeräten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2320443B1
EP2320443B1 EP10354065.4A EP10354065A EP2320443B1 EP 2320443 B1 EP2320443 B1 EP 2320443B1 EP 10354065 A EP10354065 A EP 10354065A EP 2320443 B1 EP2320443 B1 EP 2320443B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
measurement device
rigid element
force
coupling
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP10354065.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2320443A3 (de
EP2320443A2 (de
Inventor
David Gualino
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2320443A2 publication Critical patent/EP2320443A2/de
Publication of EP2320443A3 publication Critical patent/EP2320443A3/de
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Publication of EP2320443B1 publication Critical patent/EP2320443B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H01H50/04—Mounting complete relay or separate parts of relay on a base or inside a case
    • H01H50/041—Details concerning assembly of relays
    • H01H50/045—Details particular to contactors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the evaluation of the wear of the contacts in the electrical switchgear.
  • the invention relates to a measuring device which makes it possible to check the integrity of the contacts by coupling in a temporary functional manner in the front face of the contactors.
  • a power supply line 1 comprises one or more devices providing protection and control of electrical charges 2; different configurations are possible.
  • a circuit breaker or disconnector-type cut-off device 4 allows the motor 2 to be switched off and a switching device 6 makes it possible to establish and cut its supply circuit according to a command.
  • Switching device 6, generally called a contactor comprises, for each phase, pairs 8, 10 of movable contacts relatively to each other.
  • the contacts 8, 10 wear more or less during each switching and this wear can, after a large number of operations, lead to a failure of the device 6, by welding contacts or non-current flow, with consequences for the safety and the availability of the installation 1, 2.
  • one solution consists in systematically changing the contacts 8, 10, or even the switching device 6, after a predetermined number of operations, unrelated to the actual wear of the contact pads.
  • these interventions are often too late, for example if one of the switching maneuvers generated an electric arc, with the associated risks, is premature, with the costs inherent in the replacement of almost intact elements.
  • the document EP 0 878 015 thus relates to the modification of the contact pressure during the opening operation of the contacts, which imposes specific means for measuring the switching voltage at a neutral point and the use of an auxiliary switch; the document WO 2007/033913 proposes the measurement when closing various parameters characterizing the relative movement of the contacts according to that of their electromagnetic actuator, which requires an additional sensor.
  • the approaches developed consist in integrating means for estimating the wear of the contacts within the electrical apparatus concerned. Sensors and electronic processing systems are thus added to the electrical device, which increases its cost, and can lead to a complete redesign of its design.
  • the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of existing measurement systems.
  • the means for determining and / or evaluating the wear of the contacts are part of an independent device switching devices, power cut or control: no modification of existing contactors is necessary for example and it is possible to determine the wear of contacts of devices already in place, including when they are associated with appropriate auxiliary contact systems.
  • a single measuring device can be used for an entire installation, or even for several switchgear fleets, which also reduces the costs.
  • the invention thus relates to an auxiliary device for measuring the wear of the contacts of a switching device that can be temporarily installed on electromagnetically operated contactors, particularly with contact poles.
  • the relevant contactors comprise at least one pair of movable contacts relatively to each other between an open position and a closed position; connecting means, and in particular a contact carrier, connect the contacts to the armature of an electromagnetic actuator, movable relative to a cylinder head between a rest position and an active position, and are provided with coupling means accessible from the outside the contactor.
  • the coupling means form a rake comprising a claw or a rake in which complementary means of an external contact support can be slid so that the auxiliary contacts are mobilized in the same way as the contacts of the switching device .
  • the switching devices may also include fixed mechanical fastening means on their housing, additional coupling means of the electromagnetic actuator.
  • the measuring device comprises a rigid element, for example of rod type, for exerting a thrust on the armature of the switching devices and in its direction of displacement, said rigid element protruding from a housing an end which comprises complementary coupling means means present on said switching apparatus; advantageously, the housing of the device according to the invention is also provided with securing means complementary to the means for securing the housing of said apparatus.
  • Means for exerting a force on the rigid member are provided in the measuring device; in particular, the rigid element can be actuated by via a push button opposite the coupling end, or by an automatic system.
  • the device according to the invention further comprises means for determining the displacement of the rod corresponding to the displacement of the armature of the switching device, for example a position sensor.
  • means for determining the displacement of the rod corresponding to the displacement of the armature of the switching device for example a position sensor.
  • the measurement of the wear of the contacts of the switching devices is achieved by the exercise on the electromagnetic actuator of a predetermined force so that the switching device is placed in the closed position of the contacts, and the determination of the displacement of the armature which makes it possible to calculate the wear of the contacts when the initial spacing between the contacts is known.
  • the measuring device thus preferably comprises means for calculating the wear as a function of the displacement of the rigid element determined by the appropriate means, and a known value, which is preferably stored in means storing said device; the calculating means, for example a microprocessor, may be connected to means making it possible to display the result, for example a screen.
  • timing means are coupled to the calculation means or displacement determining means to allow the actuator time to stabilize after exercise of the predetermined force.
  • the device comprises means for evaluating the force actually exerted, or for comparing it with the predetermined value, so as to increase the validity of the measurement.
  • a force sensor is connected to means for controlling the force exerted on manual means of the push button type; a force sensor may also be connected to the automatic thrust means of the rigid element.
  • the measuring device is suitable for switching devices of different ranges, and it comprises storage means storing a plurality of torques for the known value of displacement corresponding to the nominal spacing of a type of contactor. , and for the predetermined force to be applied for this type of contactor. Selection means are then provided for the user indicates beforehand the calculation means which pair of values to use for the measurement of the wear of the contacts.
  • the Figure 1A already partially described, schematically shows an electric contactor for a motor starter; the Figure 1B shows the forces exerted on the actuator of the contactor during its closing.
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C show an existing attachment system on the contactors and adapted for the devices according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B represent embodiments of a device according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the verification principle according to an embodiment of the invention in a contactor.
  • the switching device 6 comprises, for each current line of the power supply line 1 of the motor 2, a contact device 12 that can take two positions, open in which the load 2 is isolated, or closed in which the current circulates in line 1.
  • the contact device 12 comprises at least a first contact 8 movable relative to a second contact 10, which is generally fixed relative to the housing 14 of the contactor 6; in the case illustrated, the contact device 12 comprises, for each pole, a movable bridge 16 of two contacts 8 and two fixed contacts 10.
  • a contact pressure spring 18 biases the contact bridge 16 towards the fixed contacts 10 to counter any electrodynamic repulsion and ensure the passage of current.
  • the movable contact bridges 16 are actuated by an electromagnetic device 20 comprising a magnetic circuit that can take a rest position and an active position, with a frame 22 movable relative to a fixed yoke 24 and whose relative movement is caused by the passage an excitation current in a coil (not shown).
  • the movement of the armature 22 is transmitted to the bridges 16 by a mechanical connection 26 which is, for this type of apparatus 6, rigid and without play; in the illustrated frame, an actuator 20 drives the bridges 16 of each of the three poles simultaneously by a contact holder system 26, but other options are possible.
  • the cut-off device 6 is, in the illustrated frame, with contact poles, that is to say that, in the absence of excitation current in the coil, the contact bridge 16 is biased in opening, the movable contacts 8 being spaced apart from a fixed spacing d of fixed contacts 10: return means 28, for example a spring, bias the movable armature 22 of the actuator 20 in the open rest position, separated from the yoke 24 d a fixed distance D.
  • a control causes the supply of the coil of the actuator 20, which causes the displacement of the movable armature 22 towards the fixed yoke 24 on a stroke c 20 after a latency period opposing the displacement and corresponding to the preload ⁇ 28 means 28 recalling it in the open position.
  • the mechanical connection 26 drives the movable contact bridge 16 towards a closed position of the line 1, reached with a force F 1 after a stroke c 20 corresponding to the distance separating the fixed and movable contacts 8 and 10.
  • the preload ⁇ 18 spring means 18 directly opposes the displacement of the armature 22; once the stress ⁇ 20 exerted by the electromagnet 20 exceeds the force F 2 , the armature 22 continues its stroke c 20 until it closes completely against the yoke 24.
  • the forces F 1i and F 2i can be considered as equal to 8.8 and 26 N (respectively 7.7 and 39.6 N), with a maximum variation of 1.1 N (respectively 0.6 N), that is to say 8.8 N ⁇ F 1 ⁇ 9.7 N and 26 N ⁇ F 2 ⁇ 27.1 N (respectively F 1u ⁇ 8.3 N and F 2u ⁇ 40.2 N).
  • the overlap [F 1u , F 2i therefore covers at least 15 N, a sufficiently large range to be used and including in particular the average between the initial terminals, namely of the order of 17 (respectively 23 N).
  • the stress ⁇ is applied from outside the housing 14 of the contactor 6, by a rigid element 30 of the rod or piston type, coupled without play on the actuator 20, so that it is possible to measure the displacement of the armature 22 directly by the displacement of the rigid element 30: this makes it possible to dispense with any additional sensor and / or modification in the switch 6.
  • all the contactors 6 have on the front face of their housing 14 means 32 for, for example, auxiliary contact devices 12 'partially diagrammed in FIG.
  • the coupling means 32 are conventionally an integral part of the contact carrier 26 providing the mechanical connection between the armature 22 of the actuator 20 and the mobile contact bridges 16 so that the auxiliary contacts 8 'of a device 12' which are coupled to them are maneuvered identically to the main contacts 10.
  • means 32 commonly referred to as a claw, on the front face of the contact holder 26 allow a direct mechanical locking by sliding of a complementary element schematized in FIG. Figure 2B , especially in a dovetail type system.
  • the claw 32 comprises a passage 34 delimited by two guide rails 36 forming a fork and stop means 38; an auxiliary contact holder 26 'comprising on its end a part 40 of shape T complementary to the passage 34 can thus be coupled, preferably without play, to be mobilized similarly to the movable contacts 10 by the movement of the frame 22.
  • the housing 14 itself of the contactor 6 is also usually provided with securing means 42, also of slide type, to defer the attachment force so that the rake (formed by the contact holder 26 and end 32) is used only for the mobilization of the auxiliary contacts 8 ', but it is not essential.
  • the illustrated embodiment is representative of existing solutions, but variants are of course possible, especially with a slip that may not be vertical or complementary cuts of different shapes; the front face of the auxiliary contact device 12 ', coupled to the contactor 6 by the means 32, 40, 42, may also include the coupling and securing elements 32 for a possible addition of an additional auxiliary.
  • a measuring device 50 comprises a housing 52, a rigid thrust element 30, one projecting end 40 of the housing 52 is adapted for rigid and fixed coupling on the claw 32 of a contactor 6, and means 54 for exert a predetermined force ⁇ on the rod 30, that is to say on the movable portion 22 of the actuator 20 of the contactor 6, in the direction of displacement of the armature 32; return means may be provided so that the rest position is resumed in the absence of thrust.
  • the device 50 according to the invention furthermore comprises means 56 for determining the displacement of its thrust rod 30, for example a position sensor.
  • the device 50 according to the invention is not intended to remain coupled to the contactor 6, its housing 52 may be provided with securing means 58 on the guides 42 of the front face of the housing 14 of the contactors 6.
  • the device 50 is associated with a contactor 6 by coupling between the projecting end 40 and the claw 32, said contactor 6 being in this embodiment in the open position (distance D of the actuator 20), and preferably disconnected from the power circuit 1 for maintenance: Figure 4A .
  • the actuating means 54 of the device 50 are biased to exert a predetermined force ⁇ on the armature 22 via the rod 30, the predetermined force ⁇ corresponding to the just closed position of the contactor 6: Figure 4B .
  • the means 56 for determining the relative displacement of the rod 30 make it possible to evaluate the displacement c 20 of the armature 22, equal to the displacement of the rod 30, and to deduce therefrom directly the wear u of the contacts 8, 10, for example by integrated computing means 60.
  • timing means 62 are connected to the determination means 56 and / or calculation 60 so as to trigger the measurement of the wear u once the armature 22 has stabilized, for example after 1 s.
  • the calculated result is given by means of display means 64 present on the measuring device 50, for example a liquid crystal screen.
  • the same device 50 can be used by applying a greater force to the prestresses ⁇ 18 and ⁇ 28 so that the contactor is placed in the closed position for the contacts 8, 10 and the actuator 20, then by decreasing the stress so as to position the switch 6 in the just closed position, the displacement then being equal to Ddu.
  • the measuring device 50 comprises storage means 66 comprising the initial spacing values d and predetermined stress ⁇ to be applied for a range of contactors 6 for which it is designed.
  • the storage means 66 comprise several pairs of values (d, ⁇ ) for several ranges of contactors 6, and means for selecting the appropriate range, for example a plurality of push buttons 66 i , so that the device 50 is suitable for a large park of contactors 6.
  • the attachment means 32 are similar for a range, and the same device 50 according to the invention can be used regardless of the power of the contactor 6, this which further reduces the cost and maintenance logistics.
  • the actuating means 54 of the device 50 can be automated.
  • an electric actuator 54A of the jack type or the like, associated with triggering means 68A of the on / off button type, is coupled to the rigid rod 30.
  • the device 50 is hooked on the contactor 6, the selection 66 i of the range of the contactor 6 is performed and transmitted to the control means 68A of the actuator 54, and the user triggers the measurement, generating the displacement of the cylinder 54A for the predetermined stress ⁇ .
  • the control is performed with control via a force sensor 70 associated with the jack 54A to optimize the accuracy.
  • the measuring means 56 give the displacement c 20 of the rigid rod 30, and the microprocessor 60 calculates the wear u of the contacts 8, 10 to display it 64.
  • the actuating means 54 may be manual, for example a push button 54B or a piston acting directly on the rod 30.
  • the supply of the various components 54A, 56, 60, 64, 66, 70, 72 of the device 50 according to the invention can be carried out on the network 1 or by battery, with for example a conventional management of the power supply between the two sources of energy.
  • a preventive maintenance service thus makes it possible to analyze the wear of an existing pool of contactors 6, at any moment as long as the power is cut off, for example by the breaking device 4 of the line 1.
  • the invention has been described with reference to a three-pole contactor, it is not limited thereto: other elements may be concerned by the invention, in particular the contactors type breakers, devices switchgear incorporating functions other than switching, or even switching or disconnecting devices, regardless of the number of poles and the number of contacts per pole.

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  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Messen (50) des Verschleißes (u) der Kontakte (8, 10) einer elektromagnetisch betätigten elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung (6), die ein externes Kupplungselement (32) aufweist, direkt an der beweglichen Armatur (22) des elektromagnetischen Stellglieds (20), wobei die Vorrichtung (50) ein Gehäuse (52) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner Folgendes aufweist:
    - ein starres Element (30), das einen Endabschnitt aufweist, der aus dem Gehäuse (52) vorsteht und mit Kupplungsmitteln (40) ausgestattet ist, die zu den Kupplungsmitteln (32) der Schaltvorrichtung (6) komplementär sind, sodass das starre Element (30) geeignet ist, spielfrei an die Armatur (22) über die Kupplungsmittel (32, 40) gekoppelt zu werden;
    - Betätigungsmittel (54), die es ermöglichen, eine vorbestimmte Kraft (σ) auf das starre Element (30) auszuüben;
    - Mittel (56) zum Ermitteln der Verschiebung des starren Elements (30).
  2. Vorrichtung zum Messen nach Anspruch 1, ferner umfassend Mittel zum Speichern (66) eines festgelegten Wertes (d) der Verschiebung und Mittel zum Berechnen (60) des Verschleißes (u) der Kontakte (8, 10) in Abhängigkeit von dem festgelegten Wert (d) der Verschiebung und der ermittelten Verschiebung (c20) durch die Mittel zum Ermitteln (56), wenn die vorbestimmte Kraft (σ) durch die geeigneten Mittel (54) ausgeübt worden ist.
  3. Vorrichtung zum Messen nach Anspruch 2, ferner umfassend Zeitverzögerungsmittel (62), die mit den Mitteln zum Ermitteln (56) derart verbunden sind, dass das Ermitteln nach einer Zeitspanne durchgeführt wird, die eine Stabilisierung ermöglicht.
  4. Vorrichtung zum Messen nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, ferner umfassend Zeitverzögerungsmittel (62), die mit den Mitteln zum Berechnen (60) derart verbunden sind, dass das Berechnen nach einer Zeitspanne durchgeführt wird, die eine Stabilisierung ermöglicht.
  5. Vorrichtung zum Messen nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, wobei die Mittel zum Speichern (66) einen Wert (σ) für die vorbestimmte Kraft aufweisen und die Mittel (54) zum Ausüben einer Kraft auf das starre Element (30) Mittel (70, 72) aufweisen, um die ausgeübte Kraft auf den gespeicherten Wert zu begrenzen.
  6. Vorrichtung zum Messen nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, wobei die Mittel zum Speichern (66) mehrere Wertepaare für die vorbestimmte Kraft (σ) und die festgelegte Verschiebung (d) aufweisen und ferner Mittel (66i) zum Auswählen unter den Wertepaaren (σ,d) aufweisen.
  7. Vorrichtung zum Messen nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, wobei die Mittel (54) zum Ausüben der vorbestimmten Kraft (σ) elektrisch sind und Mittel (68A) aufweisen, um sie zu aktivieren, die mit den Mitteln zum Speichern (66) verbunden sind.
  8. Vorrichtung zum Messen nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, ferner umfassend Mittel zum Anzeigen (64) des Ergebnisses der Mittel zum Berechnen (60).
  9. Vorrichtung zum Messen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, ferner umfassend einen Sensor (70), der es ermöglicht, die Kraft (σ) zu bestimmen, die auf das starre Element (30) ausgeübt wird.
  10. Vorrichtung zum Messen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die Kupplungsmittel (40) des starren Elements (30) eine Nut aufweisen, die in einer Kupplungsklemme (32) einer Schaltvorrichtung (6) gleiten kann.
  11. Vorrichtung zum Messen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei das Gehäuse (52) ferner Verbindungsmittel (58) aufweist, die zu den Verbindungsmitteln (42) des Gehäuses (14) der Schaltvorrichtung (6) komplementär sind.
EP10354065.4A 2009-11-05 2010-10-15 Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Kontaktabbrands von elektrischen Schaltgeräten Active EP2320443B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0905301A FR2952222B1 (fr) 2009-11-05 2009-11-05 Dispositif de determination de l'usure des contacts d'appareils de commutation electrique

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2320443A2 EP2320443A2 (de) 2011-05-11
EP2320443A3 EP2320443A3 (de) 2012-08-29
EP2320443B1 true EP2320443B1 (de) 2016-04-20

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FR (1) FR2952222B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3011673B1 (fr) 2013-10-08 2015-12-11 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de commutation et procede de detection d'un defaut d'un tel dispositif de commutation
CN103954446B (zh) * 2014-05-22 2016-06-29 南京大全电气研究院有限公司 断路器的操作力-位移曲线测试装置及其自动检测系统
EP4199024B1 (de) * 2021-12-16 2024-03-20 Abb Schweiz Ag Schützüberwachung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06196074A (ja) * 1992-12-25 1994-07-15 Hitachi Ltd 電磁接触器
DE19603319A1 (de) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer von Kontakten in Schaltgeräten und zugehörige Anordnung
DE102005045095A1 (de) * 2005-09-21 2007-04-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Bestimmen des Abbrandes von Kontakten eines elektromagnetischen Schaltgerätes und elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät mit einer nach diesem Verfahren arbeitenden Einrichtung
DE102007002176B4 (de) * 2007-01-15 2018-07-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Erfassungseinrichtung zum Erfassen des Schaltzustands eines elektromagnetischen Schaltgeräts

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EP2320443A3 (de) 2012-08-29
EP2320443A2 (de) 2011-05-11
FR2952222B1 (fr) 2014-01-03
FR2952222A1 (fr) 2011-05-06

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