EP2320443B1 - Device for identifying wear in the contacts of electric switching devices - Google Patents
Device for identifying wear in the contacts of electric switching devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2320443B1 EP2320443B1 EP10354065.4A EP10354065A EP2320443B1 EP 2320443 B1 EP2320443 B1 EP 2320443B1 EP 10354065 A EP10354065 A EP 10354065A EP 2320443 B1 EP2320443 B1 EP 2320443B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contacts
- measurement device
- rigid element
- force
- coupling
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
- H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
- H01H50/04—Mounting complete relay or separate parts of relay on a base or inside a case
- H01H50/041—Details concerning assembly of relays
- H01H50/045—Details particular to contactors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
- H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
Definitions
- the invention relates to the evaluation of the wear of the contacts in the electrical switchgear.
- the invention relates to a measuring device which makes it possible to check the integrity of the contacts by coupling in a temporary functional manner in the front face of the contactors.
- a power supply line 1 comprises one or more devices providing protection and control of electrical charges 2; different configurations are possible.
- a circuit breaker or disconnector-type cut-off device 4 allows the motor 2 to be switched off and a switching device 6 makes it possible to establish and cut its supply circuit according to a command.
- Switching device 6, generally called a contactor comprises, for each phase, pairs 8, 10 of movable contacts relatively to each other.
- the contacts 8, 10 wear more or less during each switching and this wear can, after a large number of operations, lead to a failure of the device 6, by welding contacts or non-current flow, with consequences for the safety and the availability of the installation 1, 2.
- one solution consists in systematically changing the contacts 8, 10, or even the switching device 6, after a predetermined number of operations, unrelated to the actual wear of the contact pads.
- these interventions are often too late, for example if one of the switching maneuvers generated an electric arc, with the associated risks, is premature, with the costs inherent in the replacement of almost intact elements.
- the document EP 0 878 015 thus relates to the modification of the contact pressure during the opening operation of the contacts, which imposes specific means for measuring the switching voltage at a neutral point and the use of an auxiliary switch; the document WO 2007/033913 proposes the measurement when closing various parameters characterizing the relative movement of the contacts according to that of their electromagnetic actuator, which requires an additional sensor.
- the approaches developed consist in integrating means for estimating the wear of the contacts within the electrical apparatus concerned. Sensors and electronic processing systems are thus added to the electrical device, which increases its cost, and can lead to a complete redesign of its design.
- the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of existing measurement systems.
- the means for determining and / or evaluating the wear of the contacts are part of an independent device switching devices, power cut or control: no modification of existing contactors is necessary for example and it is possible to determine the wear of contacts of devices already in place, including when they are associated with appropriate auxiliary contact systems.
- a single measuring device can be used for an entire installation, or even for several switchgear fleets, which also reduces the costs.
- the invention thus relates to an auxiliary device for measuring the wear of the contacts of a switching device that can be temporarily installed on electromagnetically operated contactors, particularly with contact poles.
- the relevant contactors comprise at least one pair of movable contacts relatively to each other between an open position and a closed position; connecting means, and in particular a contact carrier, connect the contacts to the armature of an electromagnetic actuator, movable relative to a cylinder head between a rest position and an active position, and are provided with coupling means accessible from the outside the contactor.
- the coupling means form a rake comprising a claw or a rake in which complementary means of an external contact support can be slid so that the auxiliary contacts are mobilized in the same way as the contacts of the switching device .
- the switching devices may also include fixed mechanical fastening means on their housing, additional coupling means of the electromagnetic actuator.
- the measuring device comprises a rigid element, for example of rod type, for exerting a thrust on the armature of the switching devices and in its direction of displacement, said rigid element protruding from a housing an end which comprises complementary coupling means means present on said switching apparatus; advantageously, the housing of the device according to the invention is also provided with securing means complementary to the means for securing the housing of said apparatus.
- Means for exerting a force on the rigid member are provided in the measuring device; in particular, the rigid element can be actuated by via a push button opposite the coupling end, or by an automatic system.
- the device according to the invention further comprises means for determining the displacement of the rod corresponding to the displacement of the armature of the switching device, for example a position sensor.
- means for determining the displacement of the rod corresponding to the displacement of the armature of the switching device for example a position sensor.
- the measurement of the wear of the contacts of the switching devices is achieved by the exercise on the electromagnetic actuator of a predetermined force so that the switching device is placed in the closed position of the contacts, and the determination of the displacement of the armature which makes it possible to calculate the wear of the contacts when the initial spacing between the contacts is known.
- the measuring device thus preferably comprises means for calculating the wear as a function of the displacement of the rigid element determined by the appropriate means, and a known value, which is preferably stored in means storing said device; the calculating means, for example a microprocessor, may be connected to means making it possible to display the result, for example a screen.
- timing means are coupled to the calculation means or displacement determining means to allow the actuator time to stabilize after exercise of the predetermined force.
- the device comprises means for evaluating the force actually exerted, or for comparing it with the predetermined value, so as to increase the validity of the measurement.
- a force sensor is connected to means for controlling the force exerted on manual means of the push button type; a force sensor may also be connected to the automatic thrust means of the rigid element.
- the measuring device is suitable for switching devices of different ranges, and it comprises storage means storing a plurality of torques for the known value of displacement corresponding to the nominal spacing of a type of contactor. , and for the predetermined force to be applied for this type of contactor. Selection means are then provided for the user indicates beforehand the calculation means which pair of values to use for the measurement of the wear of the contacts.
- the Figure 1A already partially described, schematically shows an electric contactor for a motor starter; the Figure 1B shows the forces exerted on the actuator of the contactor during its closing.
- FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C show an existing attachment system on the contactors and adapted for the devices according to the invention.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B represent embodiments of a device according to the invention.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the verification principle according to an embodiment of the invention in a contactor.
- the switching device 6 comprises, for each current line of the power supply line 1 of the motor 2, a contact device 12 that can take two positions, open in which the load 2 is isolated, or closed in which the current circulates in line 1.
- the contact device 12 comprises at least a first contact 8 movable relative to a second contact 10, which is generally fixed relative to the housing 14 of the contactor 6; in the case illustrated, the contact device 12 comprises, for each pole, a movable bridge 16 of two contacts 8 and two fixed contacts 10.
- a contact pressure spring 18 biases the contact bridge 16 towards the fixed contacts 10 to counter any electrodynamic repulsion and ensure the passage of current.
- the movable contact bridges 16 are actuated by an electromagnetic device 20 comprising a magnetic circuit that can take a rest position and an active position, with a frame 22 movable relative to a fixed yoke 24 and whose relative movement is caused by the passage an excitation current in a coil (not shown).
- the movement of the armature 22 is transmitted to the bridges 16 by a mechanical connection 26 which is, for this type of apparatus 6, rigid and without play; in the illustrated frame, an actuator 20 drives the bridges 16 of each of the three poles simultaneously by a contact holder system 26, but other options are possible.
- the cut-off device 6 is, in the illustrated frame, with contact poles, that is to say that, in the absence of excitation current in the coil, the contact bridge 16 is biased in opening, the movable contacts 8 being spaced apart from a fixed spacing d of fixed contacts 10: return means 28, for example a spring, bias the movable armature 22 of the actuator 20 in the open rest position, separated from the yoke 24 d a fixed distance D.
- a control causes the supply of the coil of the actuator 20, which causes the displacement of the movable armature 22 towards the fixed yoke 24 on a stroke c 20 after a latency period opposing the displacement and corresponding to the preload ⁇ 28 means 28 recalling it in the open position.
- the mechanical connection 26 drives the movable contact bridge 16 towards a closed position of the line 1, reached with a force F 1 after a stroke c 20 corresponding to the distance separating the fixed and movable contacts 8 and 10.
- the preload ⁇ 18 spring means 18 directly opposes the displacement of the armature 22; once the stress ⁇ 20 exerted by the electromagnet 20 exceeds the force F 2 , the armature 22 continues its stroke c 20 until it closes completely against the yoke 24.
- the forces F 1i and F 2i can be considered as equal to 8.8 and 26 N (respectively 7.7 and 39.6 N), with a maximum variation of 1.1 N (respectively 0.6 N), that is to say 8.8 N ⁇ F 1 ⁇ 9.7 N and 26 N ⁇ F 2 ⁇ 27.1 N (respectively F 1u ⁇ 8.3 N and F 2u ⁇ 40.2 N).
- the overlap [F 1u , F 2i therefore covers at least 15 N, a sufficiently large range to be used and including in particular the average between the initial terminals, namely of the order of 17 (respectively 23 N).
- the stress ⁇ is applied from outside the housing 14 of the contactor 6, by a rigid element 30 of the rod or piston type, coupled without play on the actuator 20, so that it is possible to measure the displacement of the armature 22 directly by the displacement of the rigid element 30: this makes it possible to dispense with any additional sensor and / or modification in the switch 6.
- all the contactors 6 have on the front face of their housing 14 means 32 for, for example, auxiliary contact devices 12 'partially diagrammed in FIG.
- the coupling means 32 are conventionally an integral part of the contact carrier 26 providing the mechanical connection between the armature 22 of the actuator 20 and the mobile contact bridges 16 so that the auxiliary contacts 8 'of a device 12' which are coupled to them are maneuvered identically to the main contacts 10.
- means 32 commonly referred to as a claw, on the front face of the contact holder 26 allow a direct mechanical locking by sliding of a complementary element schematized in FIG. Figure 2B , especially in a dovetail type system.
- the claw 32 comprises a passage 34 delimited by two guide rails 36 forming a fork and stop means 38; an auxiliary contact holder 26 'comprising on its end a part 40 of shape T complementary to the passage 34 can thus be coupled, preferably without play, to be mobilized similarly to the movable contacts 10 by the movement of the frame 22.
- the housing 14 itself of the contactor 6 is also usually provided with securing means 42, also of slide type, to defer the attachment force so that the rake (formed by the contact holder 26 and end 32) is used only for the mobilization of the auxiliary contacts 8 ', but it is not essential.
- the illustrated embodiment is representative of existing solutions, but variants are of course possible, especially with a slip that may not be vertical or complementary cuts of different shapes; the front face of the auxiliary contact device 12 ', coupled to the contactor 6 by the means 32, 40, 42, may also include the coupling and securing elements 32 for a possible addition of an additional auxiliary.
- a measuring device 50 comprises a housing 52, a rigid thrust element 30, one projecting end 40 of the housing 52 is adapted for rigid and fixed coupling on the claw 32 of a contactor 6, and means 54 for exert a predetermined force ⁇ on the rod 30, that is to say on the movable portion 22 of the actuator 20 of the contactor 6, in the direction of displacement of the armature 32; return means may be provided so that the rest position is resumed in the absence of thrust.
- the device 50 according to the invention furthermore comprises means 56 for determining the displacement of its thrust rod 30, for example a position sensor.
- the device 50 according to the invention is not intended to remain coupled to the contactor 6, its housing 52 may be provided with securing means 58 on the guides 42 of the front face of the housing 14 of the contactors 6.
- the device 50 is associated with a contactor 6 by coupling between the projecting end 40 and the claw 32, said contactor 6 being in this embodiment in the open position (distance D of the actuator 20), and preferably disconnected from the power circuit 1 for maintenance: Figure 4A .
- the actuating means 54 of the device 50 are biased to exert a predetermined force ⁇ on the armature 22 via the rod 30, the predetermined force ⁇ corresponding to the just closed position of the contactor 6: Figure 4B .
- the means 56 for determining the relative displacement of the rod 30 make it possible to evaluate the displacement c 20 of the armature 22, equal to the displacement of the rod 30, and to deduce therefrom directly the wear u of the contacts 8, 10, for example by integrated computing means 60.
- timing means 62 are connected to the determination means 56 and / or calculation 60 so as to trigger the measurement of the wear u once the armature 22 has stabilized, for example after 1 s.
- the calculated result is given by means of display means 64 present on the measuring device 50, for example a liquid crystal screen.
- the same device 50 can be used by applying a greater force to the prestresses ⁇ 18 and ⁇ 28 so that the contactor is placed in the closed position for the contacts 8, 10 and the actuator 20, then by decreasing the stress so as to position the switch 6 in the just closed position, the displacement then being equal to Ddu.
- the measuring device 50 comprises storage means 66 comprising the initial spacing values d and predetermined stress ⁇ to be applied for a range of contactors 6 for which it is designed.
- the storage means 66 comprise several pairs of values (d, ⁇ ) for several ranges of contactors 6, and means for selecting the appropriate range, for example a plurality of push buttons 66 i , so that the device 50 is suitable for a large park of contactors 6.
- the attachment means 32 are similar for a range, and the same device 50 according to the invention can be used regardless of the power of the contactor 6, this which further reduces the cost and maintenance logistics.
- the actuating means 54 of the device 50 can be automated.
- an electric actuator 54A of the jack type or the like, associated with triggering means 68A of the on / off button type, is coupled to the rigid rod 30.
- the device 50 is hooked on the contactor 6, the selection 66 i of the range of the contactor 6 is performed and transmitted to the control means 68A of the actuator 54, and the user triggers the measurement, generating the displacement of the cylinder 54A for the predetermined stress ⁇ .
- the control is performed with control via a force sensor 70 associated with the jack 54A to optimize the accuracy.
- the measuring means 56 give the displacement c 20 of the rigid rod 30, and the microprocessor 60 calculates the wear u of the contacts 8, 10 to display it 64.
- the actuating means 54 may be manual, for example a push button 54B or a piston acting directly on the rod 30.
- the supply of the various components 54A, 56, 60, 64, 66, 70, 72 of the device 50 according to the invention can be carried out on the network 1 or by battery, with for example a conventional management of the power supply between the two sources of energy.
- a preventive maintenance service thus makes it possible to analyze the wear of an existing pool of contactors 6, at any moment as long as the power is cut off, for example by the breaking device 4 of the line 1.
- the invention has been described with reference to a three-pole contactor, it is not limited thereto: other elements may be concerned by the invention, in particular the contactors type breakers, devices switchgear incorporating functions other than switching, or even switching or disconnecting devices, regardless of the number of poles and the number of contacts per pole.
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Description
L'invention concerne l'évaluation de l'usure des contacts dans les appareils de commutation électrique. En particulier, l'invention est relative à un dispositif de mesure qui permet de vérifier l'intégrité des contacts en se couplant de façon fonctionnelle temporaire en face avant de contacteurs.The invention relates to the evaluation of the wear of the contacts in the electrical switchgear. In particular, the invention relates to a measuring device which makes it possible to check the integrity of the contacts by coupling in a temporary functional manner in the front face of the contactors.
Dans les départs-moteurs industriels, une ligne d'alimentation 1 comprend un ou plusieurs appareils assurant la protection et la commande de charges électriques 2 ; différentes configurations sont possibles. Par exemple, tel qu'illustré en
Les contacts 8, 10 s'usent plus ou moins lors de chaque commutation et cette usure peut, après un nombre élevé de manoeuvres, conduire à une défaillance de l'appareil 6, par soudure des contacts ou non-passage du courant, avec des conséquences sur la sécurité et la disponibilité de l'installation 1, 2. Pour prévenir ces risques, une solution consiste à changer systématiquement les contacts 8, 10, voire l'appareil de commutation 6, au bout d'un nombre prédéterminé de manoeuvres, sans relation avec l'usure réelle des pastilles de contact. Ces interventions sont cependant souvent soit trop tardives, par exemple si l'une des manoeuvres de coupure a généré un arc électrique, avec les risques afférents, soit prématurées, avec les coûts inhérents au remplacement d'éléments presque intègres.The
La capacité à pouvoir évaluer l'intégrité des contacts 8, 10 ou déterminer leur usure réelle, afin d'en déduire une information donnant la durée de vie résiduelle des appareils 4, 6 apporte donc un avantage appréciable. Pour certains appareils 4, 6 de forte puissance et à longue durée de vie, des opérations de maintenance prévoient ainsi régulièrement une évaluation visuelle de l'état des contacts, ce qui ne peut se faire qu'en ouvrant l'appareil, c'est-à-dire lors d'opérations de maintenance immobilisant longuement l'installation 1,2.The ability to evaluate the integrity of the
Différents procédés ont été élaborés afin d'évaluer l'érosion des contacts de façon régulière et/ou sans mise hors service des appareils. Le document
Plus généralement, les approches développées consistent à intégrer des moyens pour estimer l'usure des contacts au sein de l'appareil électrique concerné. Des capteurs et des systèmes de traitement de type électronique sont ainsi rajoutés à l'appareil électrique, ce qui alourdit son coût, et peut entraîner une refonte complète de sa conception.More generally, the approaches developed consist in integrating means for estimating the wear of the contacts within the electrical apparatus concerned. Sensors and electronic processing systems are thus added to the electrical device, which increases its cost, and can lead to a complete redesign of its design.
Parmi autres avantages, l'invention vise à pallier des inconvénients des systèmes de mesure existants. En particulier, les moyens de détermination et/ou évaluation de l'usure des contacts font partie d'un dispositif indépendant des appareils de commutation, coupure ou commande électriques : aucune modification des contacteurs existants n'est par exemple nécessaire et il est possible de déterminer l'usure des contacts des appareils déjà en place, y compris lorsqu'ils sont associés à des systèmes de contacts auxiliaires adaptés. Qui plus est, un seul dispositif de mesure peut être utilisé pour toute une installation, voire pour plusieurs parcs d'appareils de commutation, ce qui diminue d'autant les coûts.Among other advantages, the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of existing measurement systems. In particular, the means for determining and / or evaluating the wear of the contacts are part of an independent device switching devices, power cut or control: no modification of existing contactors is necessary for example and it is possible to determine the wear of contacts of devices already in place, including when they are associated with appropriate auxiliary contact systems. Moreover, a single measuring device can be used for an entire installation, or even for several switchgear fleets, which also reduces the costs.
Sous un de ces aspects, l'invention concerne ainsi un dispositif auxiliaire de mesure de l'usure des contacts d'un appareil de commutation qui peut être mis en place de façon temporaire sur les contacteurs à actionnement électromagnétique, notamment à pôles contacteurs. Les contacteurs concernés comprennent au moins une paire de contacts mobiles relativement l'un à l'autre entre une position ouverte et une position fermée ; des moyens de liaison, et notamment un porte-contacts, relient les contacts à l'armature d'un actionneur électromagnétique, mobile relativement à une culasse entre une position de repos et une position active, et sont dotés de moyens de couplage accessibles depuis l'extérieur du contacteur. Classiquement, les moyens de couplage forment un râteau comprenant une griffe ou un râteau dans lesquels des moyens complémentaires d'un support de contacts externe peuvent être glissés pour que les contacts auxiliaires soient mobilisés de la même façon que les contacts de l'appareil de commutation. Les appareils de commutation peuvent également comprendre des moyens de solidarisation mécanique fixe sur leur boîtier, additionnels des moyens de couplage de l'actionneur électromagnétique.In one of these aspects, the invention thus relates to an auxiliary device for measuring the wear of the contacts of a switching device that can be temporarily installed on electromagnetically operated contactors, particularly with contact poles. The relevant contactors comprise at least one pair of movable contacts relatively to each other between an open position and a closed position; connecting means, and in particular a contact carrier, connect the contacts to the armature of an electromagnetic actuator, movable relative to a cylinder head between a rest position and an active position, and are provided with coupling means accessible from the outside the contactor. Conventionally, the coupling means form a rake comprising a claw or a rake in which complementary means of an external contact support can be slid so that the auxiliary contacts are mobilized in the same way as the contacts of the switching device . The switching devices may also include fixed mechanical fastening means on their housing, additional coupling means of the electromagnetic actuator.
Selon l'invention, le dispositif de mesure comprend un élément rigide, par exemple de type tige, permettant d'exercer une poussée sur l'armature des appareils de commutation et dans son sens de déplacement, ledit élément rigide faisant saillie d'un boîtier par une extrémité qui comprend des moyens de couplage complémentaires des moyens présents sur ledit appareil de commutation ; avantageusement, le boîtier du dispositif selon l'invention est également muni de moyens de solidarisation complémentaires des moyens de solidarisation du boîtier dudit appareil. Des moyens pour exercer une force sur l'élément rigide sont prévus dans le dispositif de mesure ; notamment, l'élément rigide peut être actionné par l'intermédiaire d'un bouton poussoir opposé à l'extrémité de couplage, ou par un système automatique.According to the invention, the measuring device comprises a rigid element, for example of rod type, for exerting a thrust on the armature of the switching devices and in its direction of displacement, said rigid element protruding from a housing an end which comprises complementary coupling means means present on said switching apparatus; advantageously, the housing of the device according to the invention is also provided with securing means complementary to the means for securing the housing of said apparatus. Means for exerting a force on the rigid member are provided in the measuring device; in particular, the rigid element can be actuated by via a push button opposite the coupling end, or by an automatic system.
Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend en outre des moyens pour déterminer le déplacement de la tige, correspondant au déplacement de l'armature de l'appareil de commutation, par exemple un capteur de position. De fait, selon l'invention, la mesure de l'usure des contacts des appareils de commutation est réalisée par l'exercice sur l'actionneur électromagnétique d'une force prédéterminée pour que l'appareil de commutation se place en position juste fermée des contacts, et la détermination du déplacement de l'armature qui permet de calculer l'usure des contacts lorsque l'écartement initial entre les contacts est connu.The device according to the invention further comprises means for determining the displacement of the rod corresponding to the displacement of the armature of the switching device, for example a position sensor. In fact, according to the invention, the measurement of the wear of the contacts of the switching devices is achieved by the exercise on the electromagnetic actuator of a predetermined force so that the switching device is placed in the closed position of the contacts, and the determination of the displacement of the armature which makes it possible to calculate the wear of the contacts when the initial spacing between the contacts is known.
Le dispositif de mesure selon l'invention comprend ainsi de préférence des moyens de calcul de l'usure en fonction du déplacement de l'élément rigide déterminé par les moyens adaptés, et d'une valeur connue, qui est de préférence mémorisée dans des moyens de stockage dudit dispositif; les moyens de calcul, par exemple un microprocesseur, peuvent être reliés à des moyens permettant de visualiser le résultat, par exemple un écran. De préférence, des moyens de temporisation sont couplés aux moyens de calcul ou aux moyens de détermination du déplacement pour laisser à l'actionneur le temps de se stabiliser après exercice de la force prédéterminée.The measuring device according to the invention thus preferably comprises means for calculating the wear as a function of the displacement of the rigid element determined by the appropriate means, and a known value, which is preferably stored in means storing said device; the calculating means, for example a microprocessor, may be connected to means making it possible to display the result, for example a screen. Preferably, timing means are coupled to the calculation means or displacement determining means to allow the actuator time to stabilize after exercise of the predetermined force.
Avantageusement, le dispositif comprend des moyens pour évaluer la force exercée réellement, ou pour la comparer à la valeur prédéterminée, de façon à augmenter la validité de la mesure. Par exemple, un capteur de force est relié à des moyens de contrôle de la force exercée sur les moyens manuels de type bouton poussoir ; un capteur de force peut par ailleurs être relié aux moyens automatiques de poussée de l'élément rigide.Advantageously, the device comprises means for evaluating the force actually exerted, or for comparing it with the predetermined value, so as to increase the validity of the measurement. For example, a force sensor is connected to means for controlling the force exerted on manual means of the push button type; a force sensor may also be connected to the automatic thrust means of the rigid element.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, le dispositif de mesure est adapté pour des appareils de commutation de différentes gammes, et il comprend des moyens de stockage mémorisant plusieurs couples pour la valeur connue de déplacement correspondant à l'écartement nominal d'un type de contacteur, et pour la force prédéterminée à appliquer pour ce type de contacteur. Des moyens de sélection sont alors prévus pour que l'utilisateur indique préalablement aux moyens de calcul quel couple de valeurs utiliser pour la mesure de l'usure des contacts.In a preferred embodiment, the measuring device is suitable for switching devices of different ranges, and it comprises storage means storing a plurality of torques for the known value of displacement corresponding to the nominal spacing of a type of contactor. , and for the predetermined force to be applied for this type of contactor. Selection means are then provided for the user indicates beforehand the calculation means which pair of values to use for the measurement of the wear of the contacts.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre illustratif et nullement limitatifs, représentés dans les figures annexées.Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of illustration and in no way limiting, represented in the appended figures.
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Les
Tel qu'illustré en
Les ponts de contacts mobiles 16 sont actionnés par un dispositif électromagnétique 20 comprenant un circuit magnétique pouvant prendre une position de repos et une position active, avec une armature 22 mobile par rapport à une culasse fixe 24 et dont le mouvement relatif est causé par le passage d'un courant d'excitation dans une bobine (non représentée). Le mouvement de l'armature 22 est transmis aux ponts 16 par une liaison mécanique 26 qui est, pour ce type d'appareil 6, rigide et sans jeu ; dans le cadre illustré, un actionneur 20 entraîne les ponts 16 de chacun des trois pôles simultanément par un système porte-contacts 26, mais d'autres options sont possibles.The
L'appareil de coupure 6 est, dans le cadre illustré, à pôles contacteurs, c'est-à-dire qu'en l'absence de courant d'excitation dans la bobine, le pont de contacts 16 est sollicité en ouverture, les contacts mobiles 8 étant distants d'un écartement fixé d des contacts fixes 10 : des moyens de rappel 28, par exemple un ressort, sollicitent l'armature mobile 22 de l'actionneur 20 en position de repos ouverte, séparée de la culasse 24 d'une distance D fixe.The cut-off
Lorsqu'une fermeture est requise, une commande provoque l'alimentation de la bobine de l'actionneur 20, ce qui entraîne lé déplacement de l'armature mobile 22 en direction de la culasse fixe 24 sur une course c20 après une période de latence s'opposant au déplacement et correspondant à la précontrainte σ28 des moyens 28 la rappelant en position ouverte. La liaison mécanique 26 entraîne le pont de contact mobile 16 vers une position fermée de la ligne 1, atteinte avec une force F1 après une course c20 correspondant à la distance séparant les contacts fixes 8 et mobiles 10. Lorsque les contacts 8, 10 sont en position fermée et la force exercée augmente, la précontrainte σ18 des moyens faisant ressort 18 s'oppose directement au déplacement de l'armature 22 ; une fois que la contrainte σ20 exercée par l'électroaimant 20 dépasse la force F2, l'armature 22 poursuit sa course c20 jusqu'à fermeture complète contre la culasse 24.When a closure is required, a control causes the supply of the coil of the
Ainsi, tel qu'illustré en
Le chevauchement [F1u, F2i] entre les plages de la discontinuité causée par la précontrainte σ18 du ressort 18 de contacts 8, 10 est donc utilisé par l'invention et une contrainte σ correspondant à une force comprise dans l'intervalle [F1, F2] commun est exercée sur l'actionneur 20 en position de repos ouverte (D) : cette contrainte σ entraîne le déplacement de l'armature 22 sur une course c20 = d + u, jusqu'au point de contact. Comme l'écartement initial d est connu par la géométrie du contacteur 6, il est possible de déduire l'usure u des contacts 8, 10 en mesurant le déplacement de l'armature 22.The overlap [F 1u , F 2i ] between the ranges of the discontinuity caused by the preload σ 18 of the
Selon l'invention, la contrainte σ est appliquée depuis l'extérieur du boîtier 14 du contacteur 6, par un élément rigide 30 de type tige ou piston, couplé sans jeu sur l'actionneur 20, de sorte qu'il est possible de mesurer le déplacement de l'armature 22 directement par le déplacement de l'élément rigide 30 : ceci permet de s'affranchir de tout capteur additionnel et/ou modification dans le contacteur 6. De fait, tel qu'illustré en
En particulier, selon un mode de réalisation usuel illustré en
Ainsi, selon l'invention et tel qu'illustré en
Pour évaluer la durée de vie restante d'un parc de contacteurs 6, le dispositif 50 selon l'invention est associé à un contacteur 6 par couplage entre l'extrémité 40 saillante et la griffe 32, ledit contacteur 6 étant dans ce mode de réalisation en position ouverte (écartement D de l'actionneur 20), et de préférence déconnecté du circuit de puissance 1 pour maintenance :
De préférence, des moyens de temporisation 62 sont reliés aux moyens de détermination 56 et/ou calcul 60 de façon à déclencher la mesure de l'usure u une fois l'armature 22 stabilisée, par exemple après 1 s. Avantageusement, le résultat calculé est donné par l'intermédiaire de moyens de visualisation 64 présents sur le dispositif de mesure 50, par exemple un écran à cristaux liquides.Preferably, timing means 62 are connected to the determination means 56 and / or
Dans un autre mode d'utilisation, le même dispositif 50 peut être utilisé en appliquant une force supérieure aux précontraintes σ18 et σ28 de sorte que le contacteur se place en position fermée pour les contacts 8, 10 et l'actionneur 20, puis en diminuant la contrainte de façon à positionner le contacteur 6 dans la position juste fermée précédente, le déplacement étant alors égal à D-d-u.In another mode of use, the
Avantageusement, tel que schématisé dans la
Les moyens d'actionnement 54 du dispositif 50 selon l'invention peuvent être automatisés. Par exemple, un actionneur électrique 54A, de type vérin ou autre, associé à des moyens de déclenchement 68A de type bouton de commande tout ou rien, est couplé à la tige rigide 30. Pour obtenir la mesure, le dispositif 50 est accroché sur le contacteur 6, la sélection 66i de la gamme du contacteur 6 est effectuée et transmise aux moyens de commande 68A de l'actionneur 54, et l'utilisateur déclenche la mesure, en générant le déplacement du vérin 54A pour la contrainte prédéterminée σ. De préférence, la commande est réalisée avec contrôle via un capteur de force 70 associé au vérin 54A afin d'optimiser la précision. Une fois la contrainte σ appliquée et l'armature 22 stabilisée, les moyens de mesure 56 donnent le déplacement c20 de la tige rigide 30, et le microprocesseur 60 calcule l'usure u des contacts 8, 10 pour l'afficher 64.The actuating means 54 of the
Dans un autre mode de réalisation, les moyens d'actionnement 54 peuvent être manuels, par exemple un bouton poussoir 54B ou un piston agissant directement sur la tige 30. Dans ce cas, il est avantageux de disposer de moyens permettant d'évaluer la contrainte appliquée par l'utilisateur, par exemple une barrette de diodes 72 servant de jauge d'effort et couplée à un capteur de force 70 associé au bouton poussoir 54B.In another embodiment, the actuating means 54 may be manual, for example a
L'alimentation des différents composants 54A, 56, 60, 64, 66, 70, 72 du dispositif 50 selon l'invention peut être réalisée sur le réseau 1 ou par batterie, avec par exemple une gestion classique de l'alimentation entre les deux sources d'énergie.The supply of the
Grâce au dispositif 50 selon l'invention, un service de maintenance préventive permet ainsi d'analyser l'usure d'un parc de contacteurs 6 existant, à tout moment tant que la puissance est coupée, par exemple par l'appareil de coupure 4 de la ligne 1. Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en référence à un contacteur tripolaire, elle ne s'y limite pas : d'autres éléments peuvent être concernés par l'invention, en particulier les contacteurs de type rupteurs, les appareils de commutation intégrant d'autres fonctions que la commutation, voire les appareils de coupure ou sectionnement, quel que soit le nombre de pôles et le nombre de contacts par pôle.Thanks to the
Claims (11)
- Device (50) for measuring the wear (u) of the contacts (8, 10) of an electric switching apparatus (6) with electromagnetic actuation comprising a direct external coupling element (32) to the mobile keeper (22) of the electromagnetic actuator (20), said device (50) comprising a casing (52), characterized in that it further comprises:- a rigid element (30) comprising an end part protruding out of the casing (52) and provided with coupling means (40) complementing the coupling means (32) of the switching apparatus (6), such that the rigid element (30) is able to be coupled without play to the keeper (22) via said coupling means (32, 40);- actuation means (54) making it possible to exert a predetermined force (σ) on the rigid element (30);- means (56) for determining the displacement of the rigid element (30).
- Measurement device according to Claim 1, further comprising means (66) for storing a fixed displacement value (d) and means (60) for calculating the wear (u) of the contacts (8, 10) as a function of the fixed displacement value (d) and of the displacement (c20) determined by the determination means (56) when the predetermined force (σ) has been exerted by the appropriate means (54).
- Measurement device according to Claim 2, further comprising timer means (62) associated with the determination means (56) such that the determination is made after a delay allowing for stabilization.
- Measurement device according to one of Claims 2 or 3, further comprising timer means (62) associated with the calculation means (60) such that the calculation is performed after a delay allowing for stabilization.
- Measurement device according to one of Claims 2 to 4, in which the storage means (66) contain a value (σ) for the predetermined force, and the means (54) for exerting a force on the rigid element (30) comprise means (70, 72) for limiting the force exerted to said stored value.
- Measurement device according to one of Claims 2 to 5, in which the storage means (66) contain a number of pairs of values for the predetermined force (σ) and the fixed displacement (d), and further comprising means (66i) for selecting from the pairs of values (σ, d).
- Measurement device according to one of Claims 2 to 6, in which the means (54) for exerting the predetermined force (σ) are electric and comprise means (68A) for activating them which are linked to the storage means (66).
- Measurement device according to one of Claims 2 to 7, further comprising means (64) for displaying the result of the calculation means (60).
- Measurement device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, further comprising a sensor (70) making it possible to determine the force (σ) exerted on the rigid element (30).
- Measurement device according to one of Claims 1 to 9, in which the coupling means (40) of the rigid element (30) comprise a groove that can slide in a coupling claw (32) of a switching apparatus (6).
- Measurement device according to one of Claims 1 to 10, in which the casing (52) further comprises securing means (58) complementing securing means (42) of the casing (14) of the switching apparatus (6).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0905301A FR2952222B1 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2009-11-05 | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE WEAR OF CONTACTS OF ELECTRICAL SWITCHING DEVICES |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2320443A2 EP2320443A2 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
EP2320443A3 EP2320443A3 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
EP2320443B1 true EP2320443B1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
Family
ID=42163721
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10354065.4A Active EP2320443B1 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2010-10-15 | Device for identifying wear in the contacts of electric switching devices |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2320443B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2952222B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3011673B1 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2015-12-11 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | SWITCHING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING A FAULT IN SUCH A SWITCHING DEVICE |
CN103954446B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-06-29 | 南京大全电气研究院有限公司 | The operation force-displacement curve test device of chopper and automatic checkout system thereof |
EP4199024B1 (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2024-03-20 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Contactor monitoring |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06196074A (en) * | 1992-12-25 | 1994-07-15 | Hitachi Ltd | Electromagnetic contactor |
DE19603319A1 (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-08-07 | Siemens Ag | Method for determining the remaining service life of contacts in switchgear and associated arrangement |
DE102005045095A1 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-04-05 | Siemens Ag | A method for determining the burnup of contacts of an electromagnetic switching device and electromagnetic switching device with a device operating according to this method |
DE102007002176B4 (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2018-07-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Detecting means for detecting the switching state of an electromagnetic switching device |
-
2009
- 2009-11-05 FR FR0905301A patent/FR2952222B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-10-15 EP EP10354065.4A patent/EP2320443B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2952222B1 (en) | 2014-01-03 |
EP2320443A3 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
FR2952222A1 (en) | 2011-05-06 |
EP2320443A2 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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