EP2248722A1 - Method and device for manufacturing a palletless packaging unit and palletless packaging unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The packing unit (17) consists of a cube of stacked articles, on top of which is a smaller layer (4), leaving gaps (7) at each side for inserting the fork of a fork-lift truck. Two retaining layers (8, 9) of plastic sheet are fitted at right angles over the top of the stack. It is then wrapped with two outer sleeves (14, 16) of sheet. An independent claim is included for a machine for producing the unit.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a palletless packaging unit comprising a plurality of packaging items stacked in a stack of four side panels, wherein packaging items are stacked such that at least two engagement portions for fork legs of a lift truck are formed in at least one stacking plane and two each extending opposite side surfaces of the stack of goods approximately parallel, wherein a first holding position, the engaging portions and adjacent thereto provided packaging items overlapping on the stack is placed, the stack is wrapped with the interposition of the holding layers in any case with its engagement areas with a first film, and turned over the unilaterally stacked good is, so that the engagement portions having portion of the stack comes down and the stack with a reaching to the first slide second film u is shrouded. The present invention also relates to such a palletless packaging unit.

A generic method is from the date of the present applicant EP 2 036 818 A1 known. In this prior art method, at least one holding position, the engaging portions and adjacent thereto provided packaging items overlapping placed on the stack and then wrapped the stack with the interposition of the holding position with the first film. The first film and the second film are each formed from a tube whose circumference is initially smaller than the circumference of the stack and which is stretched before wrapping the stack on a circumference greater than the circumference of the stack and applied with elastic hoop stress to the stack , The EP 2 036 818 A1 proposes to provide the first film on the outside and / or the second film on the inside with an adhesion promoter and / or with a friction-increasing surface, so that the sections provided in the overlap region and the first and second film of both films against each other and / or stick together.

The so wrapped packaging unit is reinforced after completion by the holding position, in particular adjacent to and over the engagement areas, whereby a sagging of layers of the stack between the fork legs or laterally past individual fork legs are effectively prevented when lifting the stack by the lift truck should. This approach basically results in a sufficient result, only when packaging articles filled with a high bulk density material are handled, problems can occur by setting amounts.

According to the teaching of EP 2 036 818 A1 serves the holding position mainly or even exclusively the mechanical reinforcement of the underside of the packaging unit and can accordingly be formed from a fabric-reinforced film web or consist of cardboard, wood or metal.

The EP 2 036 818 A1 suggests that the holding position in the process of the stacked stack of goods and introduction into a first workstation, where the stack is wrapped with the first film, is placed on the top of the engaging areas top by a hanging down holding position of the horizontally moving stack of goods is and after subtracting a desired length of a continuous strand fed, the film web is cut from this strand.

The generic method has proven especially for the formation of packaging units of stacked bags. Such a packaging unit of stacked bags is repeatedly handled during the formation and transport, wherein between adjacent stacked bags Setzbeträge occur. These set amounts are the higher, the more bags are arranged on one level and / or the higher the weight of a single bag. In particular, in the transport of cement, concrete, gypsum or mortar sacks both factors come together, such that in a situation several stacked bags that can move when turned over to each other combined with a content of high mass density occur.

The present invention is based on the problem of specifying a method for producing a palletless packaging unit and such a palletless packaging unit, in which setting amounts are largely avoided. The present invention is further based on the problem of specifying an apparatus for producing a palletless packaging unit according to the invention and for carrying out the method according to the invention.

To solve this problem, the present invention proposes a method having the features of claim 1. This method differs from the generic prior art in that a second holding position transversely to the first Haltelage at least partially forming the side surfaces packaging items of special situation and adjacent packaging objects overlapping is placed and then the stack is wrapped with the interposition of the first and second holding layers with the first film.

Since in the method according to the invention the second retaining layer is placed transversely on the first retaining layer and at least partially covering the side surfaces forming packaging items of special situation and adjacent packaging items, this second holding position is after wrapping the stack with the first film with elastic hoop stress on the stack in that the second retaining layer for the region covering the side surface adheres to it and counteracts any settling movement of the bags relative to each other during handling, so that when the stack of goods is lifted by a lift truck, a sagging of layers of the material stack between the fork legs or laterally past is effectively prevented at the individual fork legs.

The first and / or second holding layer can be unwound from a supply of film and cut to size. Preferably, at least one of the holding layers is formed as a contoured holding position and placed on stack. A contoured holding layer has an adapted to the stack to be wrapped configuration. Thus, the contoured holding position on opposite side surfaces preferably has a sidecut or indentation. Particular preference is given to corresponding waistings on all longitudinal sides of the holding position, which correspond to the side surfaces of the stack to be wrapped provided. Thereafter, the retaining layer preferably has a rectangular envelope surface within which said indentations are located. The indentations are preferably chosen such that their bottom, i. the innermost point lies on a rectangular envelope, which corresponds to the base of the stack of goods. With regard to the fact that the dimension of the stack is not exactly determined and tolerances occur in the base of the stack due to stacking, the identity between the inner envelope and the base of the stack is given even if a 3 to 10% ige deviation between the base of the stack and the inner envelope surface shows.

The use of a contoured holding layer improves the strength of the wrapped product stack, since in such an embodiment preferably provided at the respective corners Haltelagenzipfel come to rest on the vertical edges of the stack after it has been covered with a stretch hood. At these edges may be due the higher elastic elongation of the stretch hoods against the stack good anchoring of the holding position can be effected.

The previously discussed special holding position in the form of a contoured holding position can also be essential to the invention. Their advantages also arise when only one holding position is provided. Preferably, both of the mutually perpendicular to the stack of goods stored holding layers corresponding contouring. The above-mentioned criterion, according to which the innermost points of the respective recesses lie on an envelope surface which approximately corresponds to the base area of the stack, must only be satisfied for one of the orientations of the two mutually perpendicular holding layers in the case of a rectangular base surface of the stack.

According to the embodiment of claim 2, the stack is first rotated by placing the first holding position at 90 ° about the longitudinal axis and then placed the second holding position. Thus, a single workstation with a roll of material for the first and second holding layers is sufficient to perform the method. The material forming the retaining layers may be a polymer such as polypropylene or polyethylene.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and the second holding layer comprise the same material as the first and the second film, so that after dissolving the palletless packaging unit, the spent casing of the stack can be recycled identical to the material due to the material identity of the material.

A particular high stability of the packaging unit is achieved if the material for the first and the second holding layer and / or for the first and the second film has a woven structure and / or a lattice structure.

A weaving structure in this sense is a product made of warp and weft threads crossed at right angles from materials such as wool, cotton, synthetic fibers or non-textile materials such as coal, metal, glass fibers. A lattice structure is in this sense an arrangement of elongated parts, preferably at regular intervals, which regularly intersect at right angles. The elongated parts of the one orientation may rest on the elongated parts of the other orientation. The elongate members may be joined together at the nodes to increase the tensile strength of the grid structure in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Alternatively, the tensile strength of the Grid structure can be increased by the arrangement of elongated parts in a layer, for example, in a plastic film, is embedded.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and the second holding layer are web-shaped and extend the respective webs in the height direction respectively at the beginning and end over one to five layers of the stack, preferably two to four layers of the stack.

According to a further embodiment, the first and the second retaining layer, overlapping the engagement regions, are placed on the stack of goods. According to this embodiment, the width of the second retaining layer is dimensioned such that a flat web forming the second retaining layer extends over the engagement regions and partially rests along the adjacent side surfaces. Depending on the dimension of the base of the normal layers, in this embodiment, the width of the web amount can be greater than the length. The length of the web is measured in the direction of the longitudinal direction of the flat web provided on a roll. This is particularly important if the material of the flat web has an anisotropy. Anisotropy in this sense means that different mechanical properties result depending on whether the film is drawn in the longitudinal or in the transverse direction.

According to this embodiment, both retaining layers overlap in the corner regions of the uppermost normal position. The overlapping areas at all four corners of the uppermost normal position, which can be achieved solely by the areal extension of the holding layers or else by targeted folding of the holding layers are pressed together by the elastic hoop stress of the hood. It creates an all-round protection that includes at least the upper normal position partially, as well as includes the special situation. As a result, the packaging unit thus produced has a particularly high stability, since the fork legs of the lift truck or the chains of a crane press both the first and the second holding position in the region of the engaging portion of the packaging objects and thus held on voltage portions of the first and second holding position prevent seating or other movement of the cargo.

To solve the aforementioned problem, the present invention further proposes a packaging unit having the features of claim 4. This differs from the generic state of the art in that a second holding layer is arranged between the first holding layer and the first film and at least partially is applied to packaging items of special situation, each forming a side surface of the packaging unit.

The stability of the packaging unit according to the invention is increased by the fact that on all four side surfaces of the packaging unit, the first and second holding layers and after covering the first film by the elastic hoop stress at least a frictional sometimes by hooking the holding layers against each other and / or with the surface the stacking objects and / or the first film also forms a positive connection, which counteracts the setting amounts occurring when the stack is turned over.

According to one embodiment, the first and / or second retaining layer comprises a lattice-structure-reinforced film web in order to increase the stability of the packaging unit as a whole.

According to another embodiment, the first and / or second holding layer comprises a film web with a woven structure in order to increase the stability of the packaging unit.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the film web is multi-layered and may comprise a water-repellent layer and a layer with reinforcing agents.

The adhesion between the first and the second holding layer or between the first holding position and the packaging objects or the second holding position and the first holding position and the first film can be increased by providing between two such layers adhesive.

According to a preferred embodiment, the first and / or second retaining layer may have at least one rough upper side in order to increase the adhesive behavior between two layers.

According to one embodiment, the path of the first retaining layer is wider than the engagement region deep, and is therefore folded over at both longitudinal edges to the extent once or several times and deposited on the surface, that the remaining base of the web neither the top of the special situation nor the engagement areas on the Edges covered to the transverse side surfaces. Thus, the free retraction of the fork legs is ensured. Likewise, the longitudinal edges of the second holding position can be folded once or several times to fit between the engaging portions.

According to a further embodiment, the first and the second holding layer are web-shaped in approximately the width of the stack of goods and arranged at right angles to each other on the stack. This results in the amount of the highest normal and special situation of the aforementioned all-round protection. Due to the fact that the film webs overlap in the corner areas and are pressed against the stack of goods by the hood material, a pan is virtually formed.

The first and the second retaining layer may be formed from the same film material, thereby eliminating a sorting when disposing.

To solve the aforementioned problem, the present invention further proposes an apparatus for producing a palletless packaging unit having the features of claim 14. This differs from the generic prior art by a means for placing the first holding position on the stack and for placing the second holding position transversely to the first holding position. With this means, the first and the second holding layer can be placed cost and space saving on the stack.

According to a particularly effective embodiment, the stack is transported in a horizontal passageway through the apparatus, and the means for placing the first and second retention ply adjacent to the passageway, and the material for the first and second retention ply is provided on a roll, the axis of rotation thereof extends parallel to the passage path of the stack. Assuming that each stack has the same orientation in the pass path, either longitudinally or transversely to the direction of the pass, in this embodiment a holding position can be placed on the stack immediately after unrolling and severing, and the other holding position at 90 ° thereto twisted.

According to a development, the means for placing the first holding position on the stack and laying the second holding position transversely to the first holding position on a device for separating a flat web of a roll material and offset by 90 ° to each other placing two flat sheets on a stack of goods provided , The device for separating a flat web from a roll material and the offset by 90 ° to each other laying two flat sheets as a first and second holding position on a provided stack includes a device for rolling the flat web material from a roll, a device for separating the web and a device for placing each of a flat web on the stack, the means for hanging up the flat track comprises: preferably four clamping elements for clamping the flat track; a lifting frame on which the at least four clamping elements are arranged such that in each case two clamping elements engage with each other at a distance from each other the separated flat web on each longitudinal edge; a lifting device for lifting and lowering the lifting frame, wherein after lowering the stack of goods lies within the at least four clamping elements and after lifting the frame is above the stack of goods; and a rotating device for rotating the flat web-carrying lifting frame by 90 ° about the longitudinal axis of the stack of goods before placing the second flat web. The flat web is inventively deducted deducted from a wound on a roll endless strand. After separation, it can be rotated in order to come to rest in an orientation transversely rolling direction on the stack or the already resting first holding position.

According to a development, the device for unrolling at least two gripping elements for gripping the free end of the flat web and are the at least two gripping elements together horizontally and transversely to a direction of passage of the stack over the stack of goods away movable. Thus, the gripping elements pull the flat web to a position above the stack of goods.

According to another development, the device for separating the film web has two clamping jaws arranged parallel to one another and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the film web, and the film web is severed in the region between the two clamping jaws. The two jaws can keep the track section between them on tension to facilitate the severing. The rear in the unwinding jaw remains closed and holding the flat track until the clamping elements of the lifting frame have taken the flat path.

According to one embodiment, the device comprises a film roll drive for transporting the films from the roll to the device for separating the film web, which after separating a flat web drives the film in the direction of the second clamping element, so that the next free end is ready for the Grasping with the unwinding device.

According to one embodiment of the device, the apparatus for stacking the packaging articles forms stacks of several normal plies and at least one special ply with intermeshing areas for fork legs and the stacks are transported on the passageway such that the engagement areas alternatively extend parallel or transverse to the direction of travel and lay the means for placing the first holding position, the first Haltelage transversely to the longitudinal extent of the engaging portions and the engaging portions overlapping on the top of the stack and sets the means for placing the second holding position offset by 90 ° to the first holding position. If the stack is provided in the means for applying the holding layers with an alignment of the engagement portions parallel to the passage direction, the first separated from the roll material holding position is placed directly on the stack and the second separated from the roll material holding position offset by laying 90 ° , When the stack is provided with its orientation of the engagement portions transverse to the direction of travel, the first support layer is first rotated by 90 ° after separation from the roll material before it is placed on the stack. The second separated holding position is then placed directly on the first holding position without being rotated and is then still offset by 90 °.

The device according to the invention may further comprise a turning device for turning the stack of goods by forming the engaging portions, as for the thermal shrinking of film hoods on the stack from the EP 0 250 697 B1 are known. Although the engaging portions are preferably formed by feeding sheet material into the engaging portions. Because when feeding in film material of the second film, the underlying is possibly even under tension secant the engagement areas overlapping material of the first film to the contour of the stack of goods also created in the engagement area. This deformation of the first film is determined by the EP 0 250 697 B1 promoted known form elements.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht auf einen gestapelten Gutstapel vor dem Umhüllen mit Folie;

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht auf den gestapelten Gutstapel gemäß Fig. 1 nach dem Aufle- gen einer ersten und einer zweiten Haltelage;

Fig. 3

im Detail einen Eckbereich des Gutstapels gemäß Fig. 2;

Fig. 4

in Teilfigur 4a) eine Draufsicht auf den gestapelten Gutstapel vor dem Auflegen der ersten Haltelage, in Teilfigur 4b) eine Draufsicht auf den Gutstapel nach dem Auflegen der ersten Haltelage und in Teilfigur 4c) eine Draufsicht auf den Gutsta- pel nach dem Auflegen der zweiten Haltelage; und

Fig. 5

für ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel in Teilfigur 5a) eine Draufsicht auf den gesta- pelten Gutstapel nach dem Auflegen der ersten Haltelage und in Teilfigur 5b) nach dem Auflegen der zweiten Haltelage;

Fig. 6

die nach dem vollständigen Überziehen der ersten und der zweiten Haube um- hüllte Verpackungseinheit für das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel;

Fig. 7

im Detail einen Schnitt VII-VII gemäß Figur 6;

Fig. 8

einen schematischen Schnitt durch die Verpackungseinheit und Gabelschenkel eines Hubladers;

Fig. 9.

eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Abtrennen einer Flachbahn und zum Auflegen der Flachbahn auf einen bereitgestellten Gutstapel;

Fig. 10

eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 9, und

Fig. 11

eine Haltelage, wie sie vorzugsweise zur Bildung des Gutstapels zur Bildung des Gutstapels zum Einsatz kommt.

The present invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. In this show:

Fig. 1

a side view of a stacked stack before wrapping with foil;

Fig. 2

a side view of the stacked stack according to Fig. 1 after the application of a first and a second holding position;

Fig. 3

in detail a corner of the stack according to Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 4

in subfigure 4a) is a plan view of the stacked stack before placing the first holding position, in part figure 4b) is a top view of the stack after placing the first holding position and in part figure 4c) is a top view of the Gutsta- pel after placing the second holding position ; and

Fig. 5

for a second embodiment in sub-figure 5a) a plan view of the stacked stack after placing the first holding position and in subfigure 5b) after placing the second holding position;

Fig. 6

the packaging unit for the second embodiment, which is enveloped after completely covering the first and second hoods;

Fig. 7

in detail a section VII-VII according to FIG. 6 ;

Fig. 8

a schematic section through the packaging unit and fork legs of a lift truck;

Fig. 9.

a schematic representation of an apparatus for separating a flat web and for placing the flat web on a provided stack of goods;

Fig. 10

a schematic plan view of the device according to Fig. 9 , and

Fig. 11

a holding layer, as it is preferably used to form the stack of goods to form the stack of goods used.

The Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a stack of goods 1 with several summarized in each stack level packaging objects 2, which should be formed by cement bags in the present case. On top of each other several levels of packaging items 2 are stacked. Each stack level has in the normal layers 3, the same number of packaging items 2, so that there is a substantially cuboid stack 1. Only the upper layer is formed as a special layer 4 and has less packaging items 2, so that at the edge of the stack 1 between an upper side 5 and opposite longitudinal side surfaces 6 engaging portions 7 are formed, which extend at right angles to the plane of the drawing parallel to the side surfaces 6 , over the entire depth of the stack of goods 1. The width of the engaging portions 7, that is, the distance between the side surface 6 and the parallel thereto extending side surface of the upper packaging items 2.1; 2.2 is chosen so that the fork legs of a lift truck can be driven almost or completely under the normal layers 3 of the stack 1 and thus in the engaging portions 7.

The laying of the two holding layers can be achieved in that the stack including the first holding position is rotated by 90 ° about its longitudinal axis and for the second holding position the same role as it is used for the first holding position. Alternatively you can two rollers, each with a flat track in the region of the stack of goods be arranged such that they intersect at right angles in each axial direction.

The stacked stack 1 is driven, for example via a conveyor line, such as a conveyor belt in the direction of a hood stretcher (see. EP 1 013 549 ).

Fig. 2 shows the in Fig. 1 shown good pile 1 after placing a first holding position 8 and a second holding position 9. First, a first holding position 8 is placed on the top 5. The length of the first retaining layer 8 is dimensioned such that a flat web forming the retaining layer 8 lies both on the upper side 5 and partially along the longitudinal side surfaces 6. The first retaining layer 8 is located at Fig. 2 in a loosely placed on the stack 1 state. The engagement regions 7 are covered by the first retaining layer 8, which essentially follows its contour. For better representation, however, a tangential covering the engagement portions 7 is shown by this holding position 8. The second retaining layer 9 is placed transversely on the first retaining layer 8, such that it rests on the first retaining layer in the region of the upper side 5. The length of the second retaining layer 9 is dimensioned such that a flat web forming the second retaining layer lies partially along transverse lateral surfaces 10. The width of the second retaining layer 9 is dimensioned such that a flat web forming the second retaining layer 9 does not extend into the region of the engagement regions 7. The second retaining layer 9 is located at Fig. 2 in a loose on the first holding position 8 state. All the areas in which the first and the second retaining layer 8, 9 cover the side surfaces, by adhering to contribute that they can not be moved relative to each other. Thus, both holding layers remain on tension, do not sag and do not give the weight of the bags when turning over. The first and the second retaining layer are in the present case formed from the same flat web.

Fig. 3 shows the detail III according to Fig. 2 after the orthogonal laying of the second holding position on the first holding position. It can be seen that the width of the second retaining layer 10 is selected such that the engagement region is freely accessible from the front for a fork leg of a lift truck, without the material must be pierced.

Fig. 4 shows in part figure 4a) is a plan view of the stack of goods 1. The longitudinal direction when driving the fork legs in the engaging portions 7 is marked with an arrow 11. The side surfaces adjacent thereto are the longitudinal side surfaces 6. The direction which is transverse to the longitudinal direction 11 of the fork legs is indicated by an arrow 12. At the special situation 4, the transverse side surfaces 10 adjoin. Part Figure 4b) shows a plan view of the stack 1 after placing the first holding layer 8. The first holding position is placed in the transverse direction 12 on the top 5, covers the engaging portions 7 and is located on the longitudinal side surfaces 6 at. The width of the film web of the first holding layer 8 is dimensioned such that it leaves free the two transverse edges 13 adjoining the two side surfaces 10. Thus, it is ensured that the engagement portions 7 are exposed for the fork legs of the lift truck.

Part Figure 4c) shows a plan view of the stack 1 after placing the second holding layer 9 on the first holding position 8. The two holding layers are arranged at an angle α of approximately 90 ° to each other.

Part 5a) shows for a second embodiment, a plan view of the stacked stack 1 after placing the first holding layer 8. The width of the film web of the first holding position is dimensioned such that the film web on the two on the two side surfaces 10, the adjacent transverse edges 13 overlapping rests. This ensures that the first retaining layer 8 covers the four corner regions of the upper normal layer 3.

Part 5b) shows a plan view of the stack 3 after placing the second holding layer 9. The width of the second holding layer 9 is dimensioned according to this embodiment such that the web rests the engaging portions 7 overlapping the longitudinal side surfaces 6. The four corner regions of the upper normal position 3 are covered by both holding layers.

Fig. 6 shows a side view of one with the first and the second hood completely enveloped packaging unit 17 for the second embodiment. After depositing the first holding position 8 and the second holding position 9 of the stack 1 is wrapped with a first film 14. The first film 14 is formed by forming a hose cap in a hood stretcher by cutting an endlessly-to-be-conveyed tubing, welding on one side, and cutting off a length of the tubing. The first film 14 is first reeftened and elastically stretched, ie stretched, by moving apart of the reefers in the circumferential direction, specifically to a circumference which is greater than the base area of the product stack 1. This transversely stretched tubular hood is now applied by subtracting from the refiners first on the top 5 and then on the longitudinal and transverse side surfaces 6, 10 of the stack 1, with relative movement between the refusers and the stack 1 in the height direction of the stack 1. Thereafter, the Gutstapel 1 unilaterally wrapped by the first sheet 14 and covered on the top. The cover takes place with intermediate layers of the first holding position 8 and the second holding position 9. The first film 14 lays against the peripheral walls of the stack 1, ie the longitudinal side surfaces 6 and the transverse side surfaces 10, and thus pushes the webs of the first and second holding position against the Good stack 1, so that in particular roughened surface of the webs of the first and the second holding position these enter into a non-positive connection with the top of the packaging items 2, which counteract the folding of the stack of a setting movement of the packaging items 2. By coating the hood of the first film 14, the two holding layers are superimposed in the region of the corners of the last possibly the penultimate normal position, thereby forming a well surrounding the stack and forming an all-round pan.

After coating the first film 14, the one-sided wrapped good stack is turned or turned over, so that when placing the first and the second holding layer 8, 9 and the coating of the first film 14, the top 5 forming surface now forms the bottom 15 of the stack and is located below. In this position, the one-sided wrapped good stack is usually fed via a transport route a hood stretcher. This can be the hood stretcher, the hood has pulled the first sheet 14 as a hose over the stack 1.

How out Fig. 6 can be seen, in the next step, a second film 16 is also pulled as a hose cover over the one-sided wrapped stack, in such a way that the second film 16 rests on the first envelope forming a bottom surface of the stack 1 and also to the circumferential walls 6, 10 of the stack 1 at least under horizontal bias is applied, with intermediate layers of the first film 14, so that the finished packaging unit 17 results. In this presses the first sheet 14, the first retaining layer 8 against the longitudinal surfaces 6 and the second retaining layer 10 against the transverse side surfaces 10 of the stack 1. Furthermore, by the second film 16 and its circumferential elastic strain when applied to the stack 1, the first Film 14 fixed relative to the stack 1. The second film 16 in this embodiment extends to the lowest normal position 3.

Fig. 7 shows in detail a section VII-VII according to FIG. 6 and illustrates the overlapping of the first and the second retaining layer 8, 9 in a corner region of the upper normal layer 3, which is formed by a packaging article 2.

Fig. 8 shows a schematic section through the packaging unit according to Fig. 7 and fork legs 18 of a lift truck. The first and the second retaining layer 8, 9 and the first film 14 are approximately to the contour of the engagement area following at the stack 1.

The height of the engagement region 7 is dimensioned such that it is higher than the height of the fork legs 18 by an amount sufficient for the fork legs 18 not to pierce the tubular film and the film webs when entering in a direction transverse to the plane of representation. After raising the fork legs in the representation upwards, the first retaining layer 8, the second retaining layer 9 and the first film 14 are pressed against the respectively overlying packaging objects, so that a relative movement of the holding layers is prevented. Since the two holding layers 8, 9 rest firmly on the special layer 4, it is prevented that when lifting the packaging unit 17 from a pad 19 setting amounts of the packaging items occur.

Fig. 9 shows a schematic side view of an apparatus for separating a flat web 20 and for laying flat sheets 20 as first and second holding position on a provided stack of goods. The flat sheet material is provided on a roll 21. The trained as a film flat web is transported by means of a film roll drive 22 in a transfer position. In the transfer position, the film 20 is clamped in two clamps 23a and 23b, which extend parallel to one another and transverse to the longitudinal direction of the film web 20, whereby the free end protrudes beyond the second clamping jaw 23b and by a gripping device with at least two gripping elements 24a and 24b is seized. The gripping device can be moved over the stack of goods on a path perpendicular to the travel path of the stack, in order to pull the film above the stack of goods provided when the clamping jaws 23a, 23b are open. In this position, when the jaws 23a, 23b are closed, a knife 25 cuts through the material between the two jaws 23a and 23b.

Above the separated flat track, a lifting frame 27 carrying at least four clamping elements 26a-d is provided. The lifting frame 27 is lowered so far that the clamping elements 26a-d take over the holding of the film by each two clamping elements in the region of the respective front and rear ends of the flat track each hold a side edge. After releasing the separated film web from the means for unrolling and the means for separating a lifting device 28 lowers the lifting frame 27 so far that the film web 20 is placed on the stack, whereupon the Clamping elements 26a-d of the lifting frame 27 are opened and release the flat track, which then lays on the stack.

The lifting frame 27 is rotatable by 90 ° about the Längsache of the stack 1 by means of a rotating device to hang up a second flat web transversely to the first flat web.

Fig. 10 shows a plan view of the schematic device according to Fig. 9 , The lifting frame 27 is H-shaped. A rotation axis 29 lies in the center of gravity of the lifting frame 27. The clamping elements 26a to 26d are respectively arranged at the distal ends of the free legs of the frame. The knife 25 is arranged on a device for moving, such that it is guided in the display plane from top to bottom between the jaws 23 a, 23 b along.

The gripping members 24a, 24b are shown in the left position in receiving the free end of the sheet material. After the process in the illustration to the right and transverse to the direction of passage of the stack of goods, the gripping elements 24a, 24b are located on the opposite side of the stack of goods.

The passage direction of the stack is in this illustration from top to bottom or from bottom to top. The lowering of the lifting frame 27 takes place in this view in the plane.

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a preferably to be used holding layer 8, which is cut from an initially rectangular sheet material. In dashed line illustration shows FIG. 11 the contour of the stack 1 in plan view, ie the base of the stack 1.

The retaining layer 8 has four recesses designated by the reference numerals 30 and 31. The larger indentations 30 are recessed on the larger longitudinal sides of the retaining layer 8. The smaller indentations 31 at the right angles to this extending longitudinal sides. The larger indentations 30 each have a depth A, which corresponds to central stack of the retaining layer 8 on the stack 1 at a distance of the imaginary extension of the longitudinal side of the stack 8 of the associated side surface of the stack 1. In the same way, the depth D of the smaller indentation 31 corresponds to the distance of the imaginary extension of the respective longitudinal side of the holding layer 8 from the longitudinal side of the product stack 1 extending parallel thereto. This embodiment results in corners 32 which, after the holding layer 8 has been applied, bear against the adjacent one Side surfaces of the stack 1 limiting Abut vertical edges of the stack 1. In this area, the drawn over the stack 1 sheet with high contact pressure against the stack 1 at. As a result, the retaining layer is pressed firmly against the stack 1. At lower material costs, therefore, in FIG. 11 shown contoured retaining layer 8 cause a very good holding force to support the stack 1.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

stack

2

Packaging articles

3

normal position

4

special location

5

top

6

Longitudinal side faces

7

engaging portions

8th

first holding position

9

second holding position

10

Transverse side faces

11

Arrow in the longitudinal direction

12

Arrow in the transverse direction

13

transverse edge

14

first slide

15

ground

16

second foil

17

Packaging Unit

18

fork legs

19

document

20

flat track

21

role

22

Film roll drive

23a, b

jaws

24a, b

gripping elements

25

knife

26a-d

clamping elements

27

lifting frame

28

lifting device

29

axis of rotation

30

indentation

31

indentation

32

tip

A

Depth of the large indentation 30

B

Wide dent 30 width

C

Width of the small indentation 31

D

Depth of the small indentation 31

Claims (15)

Method for producing a palletless packaging unit (17) comprising several packaging articles (2) stacked to form a stack of goods (1) with four side surfaces (6, 10), in which the packaging articles (2) are stacked in such a way that at least one special layer (4 ) at least two engagement portions (7) for fork legs (18) of a lift truck are formed and each two opposite side surfaces (6, 10) of the stack (1) are approximately parallel, wherein a first holding position (8) the engagement portions (7) and adjacent this provided packaging items (2) overlapping on the stack (1) is placed;
the stack (1) with the interposition of the holding position in any case with its engagement areas (7) with a first film (14) is wrapped;
the one-sided wrapped good stack (1) is turned over, so that the portion of the stack of goods having the engagement regions (7) comes down and the good stack is enveloped with a second film (16) extending up to the first film (14),
characterized in that a second holding layer (9) transversely to the first holding layer (8) at least partially forming the side surfaces packaging items of special situation (4) and adjacent packaging objects overlapping is placed and then the stack with the interposition of the first and second holding layers (8, 9) with the first film (14) is wrapped. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stack of goods after placing the first holding position (8) is first rotated by 90 ° about the longitudinal axis and then the second holding position (9) is placed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second retaining layer (8, 9) are web-shaped and the respective webs each at the beginning and end over one to five layers of the stack (1), preferably two to four layers of the pile of goods, extend in height direction. A packaging unit (17) comprising a plurality of layers of stacked packaging articles (2) stacked such that at least two engagement portions (7) for fork legs of a lift truck are formed in a special layer (4) and enveloping one surface and at least portions of the side surfaces Hood of a first sheet material (14) and one in the opposite direction For this purpose, a hood pulled from the stack of a second sheet material (16), wherein on the surface of a first retaining layer (8) extending over the two engagement regions (7) except for parts of the side surfaces (6; 10) is arranged, characterized in that a second retaining layer (9) is arranged between the first retaining layer (8) and the first film (14) and at least partially bears against packaging objects (2) of the special layer (4), which each form a side surface of the packaging unit. Packaging unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the first and / or the second holding position (8, 9) comprises a contoured film web Packaging unit according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the holding position (8, 9) is formed from a multilayer film web. Packaging unit according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the first and / or second holding position (8, 9) have at least one rough upper side. Packaging unit according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that both longitudinal edges of the first holding position (8) and / or the second holding position (9) once or several times folded and stored on the surface. Apparatus for producing a palletless packaging unit, in particular a packaging unit according to one of claims 4 to 8, in particular according to a method according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a device for stacking the packaging objects and a device for wrapping the stack with a hood, characterized by a means for placing the first holding position (8) on the stack (1) and for placing the second holding position (9) transversely to the first holding position (8). Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the stack of goods (1) is transported on a horizontal passageway through the device and the means for placing the first and the second retaining layer (8, 9) is arranged adjacent to the passageway and the material for the first and the second retaining layer (8, 9) is provided on a roller (21) whose axis of rotation extends parallel to the passageway. Device according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized by a device for unwinding a flat web material from a roll, a device for separating a flat web from a roll material in a predetermined length and a means for offset by 90 ° to each other laying two flat webs on a provided Good stack, wherein the device for offset by 90 ° to each other laying two flat sheets as the first and second holding position: a lifting frame (27) with at least one clamping element (26a, b, c, d) for clamping and clamping the flat web (20); a lifting device (28) for lifting and lowering the lifting frame (27), wherein after lowering the lifting frame (27) of the stack within the clamping elements (26a, b, c, d) and after lifting the frame is above the stack of goods; and a rotating device for rotating the flat web-carrying lifting frame (27) by 90 ° about the longitudinal axis of the stack of goods before placing the second flat web. Device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the means for unrolling at least two gripping elements (24a, b) for gripping the free end of the flat web (20) and the at least two gripping elements (24a, b) together horizontally and transversely to the passage path of the stack of goods over the stack of goods can be moved away. Device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the device for separating the film web has two parallel to each other and transverse to the longitudinal direction of the film web arranged jaws (23a, b) and the film web is severed in the region between the two jaws. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 13, characterized by a film roll drive (22) for transporting the film from the roll (21) to the device for separating (25) the film web. Device according to one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the device for stacking the packaging objects good stack (1) with a plurality of normal layers (3) and at least one special layer (4) with engagement portions (7) for fork legs (18) forms and the stacks (1) be transported on the passage way such that the engagement portions (7) alternatively extend parallel or transversely to the passage direction, characterized in that the means for placing the first holding position (8) across to the longitudinal extent of the engagement regions (7), the engagement regions overlapping superimposed on the top and the means for laying the second holding position (9) transversely to the first holding position (8) hangs up.

Images