Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
  • H02K13/10—Arrangements of brushes or commutators specially adapted for improving commutation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
  • H02K23/26—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings
  • H02K23/32—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings having wave or undulating windings

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electric drive machine (motor for a starting device) with a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor via a commutator and sliding contacts (brushes) can be supplied with electric power.
• Such machines are very common.
• the current for operating the electric drive machine is introduced via one or more pairs of sliding contacts via the commutator in the rotor winding (armature winding).
• These sliding contacts usually consist of a sintered material, which has mainly and graphite shares.
• These sliding contacts and the commutator are subject to wear during operation.
• Starting devices are typically designed for short-term operation and are normally suitable for 30,000 to 60,000 switching cycles, that is, starting operations.
• the sliding contacts must have a uniform load, so that it comes to a maximum possible number of points.
• the sliding contacts have an angular distance of 60 ° from each other. This means that, in the case of a system with 6 sliding contacts, there is an angle of 60 ° between the sliding contacts.
• the optimal arrangement of the sliding contacts is not in an equiangular distance of the sliding contacts to each other.
• one or more of the sliding contacts must be inclined by about 1 ° to a value of a quotient of 360 ° and the number of slats of the commutator in or against the direction of rotation relative to the symmetrical values at the respective angles (quotient of 360 ° and Pole number). This achieves a minimization of the current load maximums in the individual sliding contacts and also the lowest possible dispersion between the sliding contacts.
• the load peaks and the integral currents can thus be lowered by up to 25%, and it is also possible to minimize differences in wear of the individual sliding contacts which are known from endurance tests.
• the adjustment can mean differences in wear over the service life of up to 2 mm for individual starter systems, which at the same time can amount to more than 30% of the possible wear length of a sliding contact.
• an electric drive machine with the features of claim 1 there is the advantage that compared to a solution with, as described above, equidistant angular distance of the sliding contacts a significant extension of the life of the drive machine can be achieved. Since this preference also applies in combination with the features of the subclaims for electric drive machine, this preference is not listed further.
• the invention is particularly advantageous when the electric drive machine is part of a starting device for internal combustion engines, and in particular of motor vehicles.
• the use of a starting device with an electric drive machine with one of the features according to the claims given below is particularly advantageous when the motor vehicle is operated with this starting device in a so-called start-stop mode.
• a start-stop operation is present, for example, when the vehicle can automatically detect the stoppage of the motor vehicle in which the starting device is operated and, in this connection, shuts off the internal combustion engine or the internal combustion engine.
• Another feature Such a start-stop system is that the vehicle detects signals given by the driver, which indicate that the vehicle is to be set in motion again and therefore the internal combustion engine or the internal combustion engine is restarted by the starting device the usual Starting operation (toe-in, Einspuren, turning, shutdown of a stator relay, markings) automatically - ie without human operation of the start switch - can cause.
• such a start-stop system may also include a so-called fly-useful operation, in which in cases where the vehicle is not to transmit driving energy to the road, also automatically turns off the engine and recognizable desire of the driver after again to be transmitted drive energy, the starting process as in the start-stop operation, as described above, causes.
• fly-useful operation in which in cases where the vehicle is not to transmit driving energy to the road, also automatically turns off the engine and recognizable desire of the driver after again to be transmitted drive energy, the starting process as in the start-stop operation, as described above, causes.
• FIG. 1 shows a starting device in a longitudinal section
• FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the pole tube according to the information in Figure 1 and there the view on 4 sliding contacts
• FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view through a pole tube of the electric drive machine with the representation of the poles of the stator and the relative position of the Gleittitlesystems to the poles of the stator, Embodiments of the invention
• FIG. 1 shows a starting device in a longitudinal section.
• FIG. 1 shows a starting device 10.
• This starting device 10 has, for example, a starter motor 13 and an engagement relay 16.
• Engagement relay 16 are attached to a common drive end plate 19.
• the starter motor 13 is functionally to drive a starter pinion 22 when it is meshed in the ring gear 25 of the internal combustion engine, not shown here.
• the starter motor 13 as the electric drive machine of the starting device has a housing as a pole tube 28 which carries on its inner circumference pole pieces 31, which are each wrapped by a field winding 34.
• the pole tube 28 with the pole pieces 31 and the excitation windings 34 forms a stator 35.
• the pole pieces 31 in turn surround an armature 37 (which is a rotor 38), which forms an armature
• Slats 40 constructed anchor package 43 and arranged in grooves 46 armature or rotor winding 49 has.
• the armature package 43 is pressed onto a drive shaft 44.
• a commutator 52 is further attached, the u. a. composed of individual commutator fins 55.
• the commutator bars 55 are in known
• Manner with the armature winding 49 is electrically connected such that upon energization of the commutator fins 55 by carbon brushes or sliding contacts 58, a rotational movement of the armature 37 in the pole tube 28 results.
• a power supply 61 arranged between the single-track relay 16 and the starter motor 13 supplies both the carbon brushes 58 and the field winding 34 with current in the switch-on state.
• the drive shaft 44 is commutator side supported with a shaft journal 64 in a sliding bearing 67, which in turn is held stationary in a commutator bearing cover 70.
• the commutator cover 70 is fastened in the drive end shield 19 by means of tie rods 73, which are distributed over the circumference of the pole tube 28 (screws, for example 2, 3 or 4 pieces). It supports the pole tube 28 on the drive bearing plate 19, and the commutator bearing cover 70 on the pole tube 28.
• a so-called sun gear 80 connects to the armature 37, which is part of a planetary gear 83.
• the sun gear 80 is of several Planetary wheels 86 surround, usually three planet wheels 86, which are supported by means of roller bearings 89 on journals 92.
• the planet gears 86 roll in a ring gear 95, which is mounted outside in the pole tube 28.
• the planet wheels 86 are adjoined by a planetary carrier 98, in which the axle journals 92 are accommodated.
• the planet carrier 98 is in turn stored in an intermediate storage 101 and a slide bearing 104 arranged therein.
• the intermediate bearing 101 is designed cup-shaped, that in this both the planet carrier 98, and the planet wheels 86 are added.
• the ring gear 95 is arranged, which is ultimately closed by a cover 107 relative to the armature 37.
• the intermediate bearing 101 is supported with its outer circumference on the inside of the pole tube 28.
• the armature 37 has on the end facing away from the commutator 52 end of the drive shaft 44 to another shaft journal 1 10, which is also received in a sliding bearing 1 13, from.
• the sliding bearing 1 13 in turn is received in a central bore of the planet carrier 98.
• Planet carrier 98 is integrally connected to the output shaft 1 16.
• This output shaft 1 16 is supported with its end facing away from the intermediate bearing 101 1 19 in a further bearing 122, which is fixed in the drive bearing plate 19, supported.
• the output shaft 1 16 is divided into several sections: Thus, the section which is arranged in the sliding bearing 104 of the intermediate bearing 101 follows
• This shaft-hub connection 128 in this case allows the axially straight sliding of a driver 131.
• This driver 131 is a sleeve-like extension that is integral with a cup-shaped outer ring 132 of the freewheel 137.
• the freewheel 137 (Richtgesperre) further consists of the inner ring 140 which is disposed radially within the outer ring 132. Between the inner ring 140 and the outer ring 132 clamping body 138 are arranged. These clamp bodies 138, in cooperation with the inner and outer rings, prevent a rotary rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring in a second direction. In other words, the freewheel 137 allows a relative movement between inner ring 140 and outer ring 132 in one direction only.
• the inner ring 140 is formed integrally with the starter pinion 22 and its helical teeth 143 (external helical teeth). For the sake of completeness, the single-track mechanism should be considered here.
• the push-in relay 16 has a bolt 150, which is an electrical contact and which is connected to the positive pole of an electric starter battery, which is not shown here.
• This bolt 150 is passed through a relay cover 153.
• This relay cover 153 terminates a relay housing 156, which is fastened by means of a plurality of fastening elements 159 (screws) on the drive end plate 19.
• a pull-in winding 162 and a so-called holding winding 165 is further arranged.
• the pull-in winding 162 and the holding winding 165 each cause an electromagnetic field in the switched-on state, which both the relay housing 156
• armature 168 (Made of electromagnetically conductive material), a linearly movable armature 168 and an armature circuit 171 flows through.
• the armature 168 carries a push rod 174, which is moved in the direction of linear retraction of the armature 168 in the direction of a switching pin 177. With this movement of the push rod 174 to the switching pin 177 this is moved from its rest position in the direction of two contacts 180 and 181, so that attached to the contacts 180 and 181 end of the switching pin 177 contact bridge 184 connects both contacts 180 and 181 electrically. As a result, electrical power is conducted from the bolt 150 across the contact bridge 184 to the power supply 61 and thus to the carbon brushes 58.
• the starter motor 13 is energized.
• the engagement relay 16 or the armature 168 also has the task, with a tension member 187 to move the drive bearing plate 19 rotatably arranged lever.
• This lever 190 usually designed as a lever lever, engages with two "tines" not shown here on their
• the commutator 52 described here is designed as a drum commutator whose commutator fins 55 are each oriented parallel to one another and whose electrical separation is carried out in the circumferential direction. That is, the commutator fins 55 have no skew.
• the grooves 46 of the rotor 38, in which the rotor winding 49 is arranged, are aligned parallel to the axis of rotation 201 of the rotor 38.
• FIG. 2 a cross section through the pole tube 28 of the starting device 10 is shown corresponding to the marking in FIG.
• the current supply 61 leads via two current supply conductors 610, the voltage to the positive sliding contacts 581.
• the commutator 52 is shown here only schematically by a dot-dash line 205.
• the other two sliding contacts 58 in this exemplary embodiment are negative sliding contacts 582, since they are connected to the negative pole of a starter battery (not shown here). Both negative sliding contacts 582 are connected by means of two negative conductors 583 in the form of a stranded wire to a common contact plate 584, in this case by a welded connection.
• the contact plate 584 in turn is connected by contact with the inside of the pole tube 28 with the negative terminal of the starter battery.
• the total of 4 sliding contacts 58 form a total of 2 pairs.
• the first pair includes plus slide contact 581, which is at 10 o'clock position with respect to a standard analog clock dial, and minus slide contact 582, which is approximately drawn at 4 o'clock position.
• the minus brush 582 which is drawn here at 4 o'clock, is in a position that deviates from 4 o'clock. This deviation is indicated by the angle ⁇ , which describes the angle between the two outgoing from the Plusgleitcard 581 and the minus sliding contact 582 radius to the center, that is to the axis of rotation 201.
• the second pair of the other plus sliding contact 581 and the other minus sliding contact 582 are in this
• Embodiment both sliding contacts 581 and 582 opposite to such that the angle between the radii, starting from the two sliding contacts 581 and 582, 180 °.
• Stator 35 and a rotor 38 wherein the rotor 38 in grooves 46 carries a rotor winding 49 which is supplied via a power supply system of a commutator 52 and sliding contacts 58 with electric current, wherein the pressing on a surface of the commutator 52 sliding contacts 58 at least two Pairs of one plus sliding contact 581 and one minus sliding contact 582 exhibit.
• the plus sliding contact 581 and the minus sliding contact 582 face each other at an angle ⁇ which deviates from 180 °.
• the deviations of up to 28 ° from the 180 ° counter-overlay result from experience, according to which the deviation deviates up to an amount equal to the quotient of 360 ° and the number of slats N L of the commutator 52 from an angle of 180 ° where the number of fins N L is inclusive of between 13 and 17 or 19 and 23 or 35 and 29 or 31 and 35 respectively.
• the angle between the minus sliding contact 582 and the plus sliding contact 581 of the first sliding contact pair should therefore be less than 180 °.
• Angle encloses the minus sliding contact 582 of the other sliding contact pair.
• a further condition of the embodiment of Figure 2 may be, for example, that an angle ⁇ between the Plusgleit token 581 and the minus sliding contact 582 of the second Gleit tokenpreses between them form an angle ⁇ of 180 °. It can be provided that, as here in this
• the Plusgleitcard 581 of the second pair of the Plusgleit toast the first pair is spaced by 120 ° in a rotor rotational direction.
• the stator 35 of the electric drive machine should be designed as a six-pole stator 35.
• the pole track 31 could only be electrically excited by a field winding
• pole pieces 34 can also be permanently magnetic.
• _ of the stator 35 it should also be considered a condition that the quotient of the slat number N L and the number of poles N P is not an integer.
• the armature or rotor winding 49 arranged in the slots 46 is designed as a so-called wave winding.
• the grooves 46 are oriented parallel to the axis of rotation 201.
• the number of sliding contacts 58 is smaller than the number of NL of the fins 55 of the commutator 52.
• FIG. 3 shows in a systematic manner a further cross section through a pole tube 28 analogous to the illustration in FIG. 2.
• the six-pole drive machine also has 6 sliding contacts 58.
• this exemplary embodiment also has a first sliding contact pair of a plus sliding contact 581 and a minus sliding contact 582.
• the Plusgleitcard 581 is also approximately at a 10 o'clock position.
• the minus sliding contact 582 is analogue on a 4 o'clock
• the second GleitCount also consists of a Plusgleit token 581 and a minus sliding contact 582 at the 2 or 8 o'clock position. Between these two sliding contacts an angle ⁇ of 180 ° is set.
• Plus sliding contact 581 and the minus sliding contact 582 which is also oriented here at an angle of 180 ° to each other, is also present.
• the corresponding sliding contacts are here at the 6 o'clock or 12 o'clock position.
• the corresponding "time specifications" for the position of the brushes in this application are only approximate values and are not provided with exact degrees of angularity.
• the angle ⁇ is 60 ° in each case in Figure 3.
• All sliding contacts 58 are inserted in quivers 59 which guide the sliding contacts 58 perpendicular to the surface of the commutator 52.
• the sliding contacts 58 are pressed by means of spring elements 62 on the surface of the commutator 52.
• 6 sliding contacts also have a special relative position to the pole pieces 31 of the stator 35. While the pole pieces 31 are mutually spaced uniformly at an angle ⁇ of 60 °, it is, as already apparent from the previous lecture, in any case only partially the case with the sliding contacts 58.
• the sliding contacts 58 of the first GleitWalletcovers (8 and 2 o'clock position) to the pole pieces 31 are rotated by an angle ß. This angle ⁇ is a measure of the so-called brush rotation of the regularly spaced brushes to the pole pieces 31st
• the sliding contacts 58 have in the quiver 59 a sliding direction, which is aligned perpendicular to the commutator.
• this electric drive machine is a stator motor 13, which is part of a starting device 10 for internal combustion engines or internal combustion engines. Since the aforementioned advantages (special durability of the sliding contacts and particularly even distribution of the durability of the sliding contacts) come into play especially when this starting device is part of a vehicle that allows a so-called start-stop operation, it is provided that this starting device 10 is used in a motor vehicle, which performs a start-stop method as a special operating mode.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Dc Machiner (AREA)
• Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=40419071

Family Applications (1)

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• 2007
  • 2007-11-30 DE DE102007058912A patent/DE102007058912A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
  • 2008-11-27 JP JP2010535377A patent/JP5349489B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-11-27 US US12/745,318 patent/US8513827B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-11-27 KR KR1020107014377A patent/KR20100105639A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-11-27 EP EP08855016A patent/EP2225820A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-11-27 CN CN2008801257400A patent/CN101926076B/zh active Active
  • 2008-11-27 WO PCT/EP2008/066336 patent/WO2009068609A1/de active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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