EP2217359A1 - Procédé et dispositif de conditionnement d'une suspension contenant des particules magnétisables - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de conditionnement d'une suspension contenant des particules magnétisables

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Publication number
EP2217359A1
EP2217359A1 EP08854521A EP08854521A EP2217359A1 EP 2217359 A1 EP2217359 A1 EP 2217359A1 EP 08854521 A EP08854521 A EP 08854521A EP 08854521 A EP08854521 A EP 08854521A EP 2217359 A1 EP2217359 A1 EP 2217359A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gap
magnetizable particles
suspension
particles
suspension containing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08854521A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Claus Gabriel
Günter OETTER
Christoffer Kieburg
Jürgen PFISTER
Martin Laun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to EP08854521A priority Critical patent/EP2217359A1/fr
Publication of EP2217359A1 publication Critical patent/EP2217359A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
    • B01F23/51—Methods thereof
    • B01F23/511—Methods thereof characterised by the composition of the liquids or solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
    • B01F23/53—Mixing liquids with solids using driven stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/44—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/441—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits
    • B01F25/4412—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits the slits being formed between opposed planar surfaces, e.g. pushed again each other by springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/27—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
    • B01F27/271—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed radially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/27—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
    • B01F27/272—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/05—Mixers using radiation, e.g. magnetic fields or microwaves to mix the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/05—Mixers using radiation, e.g. magnetic fields or microwaves to mix the material
    • B01F33/053—Mixers using radiation, e.g. magnetic fields or microwaves to mix the material the energy being magnetic or electromagnetic energy, radiation working on the ingredients or compositions for or during mixing them
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/218—Means to regulate or vary operation of device
    • Y10T137/2191—By non-fluid energy field affecting input [e.g., transducer]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2224—Structure of body of device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for conditioning a suspension containing magnetizable particles. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for conditioning suspensions containing magnetizable particles.
  • Magnetizable particles containing suspensions are used for a variety of purposes. Thus, such liquids are e.g. used as magnetic coating medium for magnetic storage media. Further areas of application are the use as sealing fluids or as magnetorheological fluids.
  • the magnetizable particles-containing suspensions usually contain a base liquid, magnetizable particles, dispersants and thixotropic agents.
  • Essential properties of the suspension containing magnetisable particles, in particular the viscosity and quality of the suspensions, are thereby influenced.
  • surfactants are often added.
  • micelles, membranes and surfactant multilayers can also form.
  • EP-B 0 755 563 discloses magnetorheological materials in which at least 90% of the particles are surrounded by a protective layer.
  • the protective layer is made of thermosetting polymers, thermoplastic materials, non-magnetic metals, ceramics or combinations thereof.
  • the protective layer is applied to achieve a high maximum shear stress of the magnetorheological materials and to preserve over the period of use.
  • a magnetorheological fluid which contains magnetizable particles coated with organic polymers. In this case, the coating of the magnetizable particles takes place in order to reduce the abrasiveness and Absetzne Trent.
  • IUT in-use-thickening phenomenon
  • the object of the present invention is to produce a process for the conditioning of suspensions containing magnetizable particles, by means of which the changes in the suspension properties known from the prior art, such as increasing viscosity or altered sedimentation properties, are avoided during use.
  • Conditioning is a process to which suspensions containing magnetisable particles are subjected before the suspension or apparatus using suspensions containing magnetizable particles is delivered to the user.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • the object is achieved by a method for conditioning a suspension containing magnetizable particles, in which the suspension containing magnetizable particles is passed through a gap in order to bring about a shearing of the suspension containing magnetisable particles. In the gap, a magnetic field is applied so that the suspension containing magnetizable particles is sheared in the presence of the magnetic field.
  • a magnetizable particle-containing suspension according to the present invention generally contains magnetizable particles and liquid.
  • additives may optionally be included.
  • the magnetizable particles may be any of those known in the art.
  • the magnetizable particles usually have an average diameter between 0.1 and 500 .mu.m, preferably between 0.1 and 100 .mu.m and particularly preferably between 1 and 50 .mu.m.
  • the shape of the magnetizable particles may be uniform or irregular. For example, they can be spherical, rod-shaped or needle-shaped particles. Preferably, magnetizable particles of largely spherical shape are used. Approximately spherical particles may e.g. by atomizing molten metals (spray powder, "atomized" metals).
  • magnetizable particles in particular of magnetizable particles having different particle size distribution and / or with different material are used.
  • the magnetizable particles are preferably selected from the group consisting of iron-containing particles, nickel-containing particles or cobalt-containing particles. These are e.g. particles of iron, iron alloys, iron oxides, iron nitride, iron carbide, carbonyl iron, nickel, cobalt, stainless steel, silicon steel, alloys or mixtures thereof. However, particles of e.g. be contained from chromium dioxide.
  • the magnetizable particles may have a coating, eg may be used with insulating or corrosion-inhibiting inorganic substances, eg silicates, phosphates, oxides, carbides or nitrides, with other metals or iron powder coated with at least one polymer.
  • the magnetisable particles are preferably present as carbonyl iron powder (CEP) particles.
  • the carbonyl iron powder is preferably prepared by decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl.
  • CEP carbonyl iron powder
  • Various types of CEP are known to those skilled in the art. In addition to the hard CEP types obtained from the thermal splitting, reduced carbonyl iron powders can also be used. Such powders are less abrasive and are mechanically softer.
  • surface treated types are derived in a variety of ways.
  • the most common treated carbonyl iron powders are silicate or phosphate coated. But there are also other modifications available.
  • Another criterion for the differentiation of carbonyl iron powders is the respective size distribution of particles, which can have a significant influence on the application properties.
  • the dispersed carbonyl iron powder particles preferably have a mean diameter in the range of 1-30 microns. In principle, all carbonyl iron powder types are suitable. The exact selection depends on the conditions of use for the suspension containing magnetizable particles.
  • the magnetizable particles are contained in the suspension containing magnetizable particles, preferably in an amount of between 15 and 49% by volume, more preferably between 20 and 48% by volume, based on the total volume of the suspension containing magnetisable particles.
  • Suitable base liquid in which the magnetizable particles are dispersed e.g. Water or organic solvents.
  • Suitable organic solvents are e.g. Mineral oils, poly- ⁇ -olefins, paraffin oils, hydraulic oils, ester oils, chlorinated aromatic oils, and chlorinated and fluorinated oils.
  • silicone oils, fluorinated silicone oils, polyethers, fluorinated polyethers and polyether polysiloxane polymers are also suitable as a base liquid.
  • alcohols or amide derivatives of carboxylic acids having less than 5 carbon atoms and water-soluble amine are e.g.
  • hydroxyethylpropylenediamine morpholine, N-methylmorpholine, triethanolamine, formamide, acetamine and the like.
  • open or end-capped alcohol alkoxylates and ionic liquids are also suitable.
  • the abovementioned liquids can also be mixed together to give suitable base liquids if necessary.
  • the base liquid is more preferably a poly- ⁇ -olefin.
  • the suspension containing magnetizable particles may contain at least one additive.
  • the additive is generally selected from the group consisting of from thixotropic agents, viscosity modifiers, thickeners, dispersants, surface-active additives, antioxidants, lubricants and corrosion inhibitors.
  • Viscosity modifiers may be e.g. be soluble in the base liquid solvents or polymeric additives that change the viscosity of the formulation.
  • Suitable viscosity modifiers are e.g. polar solvents such as water, acetone, acetonitrile, molecular alcohols, amines, amides, DMF, DMSO, or polymeric additives such as e.g. unmodified or modified polysaccharides, polyacrylates and polyureas.
  • the magnetizable particle-containing suspension contains additives serving as a viscosity modifier, they are preferably in a concentration of 0.01-13% by weight, more preferably 0.01-11% by weight, especially 0.05-10 % By weight, in each case based on the total weight of the suspension containing magnetisable particles.
  • a thixotropic agent is an additive that builds up a yield point and thus counteracts sedimentation of the particles in the liquid of the suspension containing the magnetizable particles.
  • the thixotropic agent is e.g. selected from the group consisting of natural and synthetic phyllosilicates of the smectite group (optionally hydrophobically modified phyllosilicates, eg of the montmorillonite type, as known from WO 01/03150 A1), silica gel (amorphous), disperse silicon dioxide (as known from US Pat. No.
  • phyllosilicates examples include bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite or synthetic phyllosilicates, such as Laponite® from Rockwood Additives Ltd. and their modified variants. Furthermore, it is also possible to use hydrophobically modified phyllosilicates which are thus adapted to hydrophobic solvents such as poly- ⁇ -olefins and silicones.
  • the magnetizable particle-containing suspension contains additives serving as thixotropic agents, they are preferably in a concentration of 0.01-10% by weight, more preferably 0.01-5% by weight, especially 0.05-1 % By weight, in each case based on the total mass of the suspension containing magnetisable particles.
  • a dispersant is an additive which improves the redispersibility of the magnetizable particles in the liquid after its sedimentation and prevents their agglomeration.
  • Suitable dispersants are, for example, polymeric dispersants such as polysaccharides, polyacrylates, polyesters, in particular of polyhydroxystearic acid, alkyd resins, long-chain alkoxylates, furthermore polyalkylene oxides, such as Pluronic® from BASF AG, which are polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide block copolymers and Polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide block copolymers.
  • Possible dispersants are furthermore anionic, cationic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants, which are known to the person skilled in the art and need not be mentioned in detail.
  • nonionic surfactants are sugar surfactants and alcohol alkoxylates
  • anionic surfactants include carboxylic acid salts, for example oleates and stearates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl sulfonates and alkylaminoxides as examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants.
  • the suspension containing magnetisable particles contains dispersants serving as dispersants, they are preferably in a concentration of 0.01 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 1 wt .-%, each based on the total mass of the magnetizable Particle containing suspension.
  • suspension containing magnetisable particles may optionally contain other additives, for example lubricants such as Teflon powder, molybdenum sulfide or graphite powder, corrosion inhibitors, anti-wear additives and antioxidants.
  • lubricants such as Teflon powder, molybdenum sulfide or graphite powder, corrosion inhibitors, anti-wear additives and antioxidants.
  • the dispersing efficiency can be significantly increased.
  • the temperature stability of the suspension containing magnetizable particles is also improved under shear in the application.
  • the suspension containing magnetizable particles is prepared prior to conditioning by a dispersing process.
  • Shearing of the suspension containing magnetisable particles can be achieved in that a gap through which the suspension containing the magnetisable particles is passed, the shearing gap, is delimited by at least two surfaces which move relative to one another.
  • the relative movement of the at least two surfaces can be e.g. Achieve that one surface is stationary and the second surface is moved.
  • both surfaces it is also possible for both surfaces to move at a different speed or in opposite directions.
  • the suspension e.g. an Ultra-Turrax® or a ball mill used.
  • the Ultra-Turrax® is a stir bar with a very fast rotating knife. The knife rotates at up to 24,000 rpm. As a result, very high shear forces occur, which lead to a distribution of the magnetizable particles and optionally the dispersants and additives in the suspension to be produced.
  • a ball mill such suspensions can be prepared. In this way a fine dispersion is produced.
  • the conditioning according to the invention is then carried out by shearing in the presence of the magnetic field.
  • the mixing of the magnetizable particles and of the solvent and optionally of the additives in the dispersing process likewise takes place in the presence of a magnetic field.
  • a magnetic field By dispersing in the presence of the magnetic field, an improvement in the properties of the suspension containing magnetisable particles is likewise achieved.
  • the strength of the magnetic field, or the magnetic flux density in the shear gap at the location of the shear is adjustable. Suitable magnetic flux densities are preferably in the range from 0.05 to 1.2 T. Particularly, the strength of the magnetic field is in the range from 0.1 to 1 T.
  • electromagnets are used to generate the magnetic field and the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the shear plane. Shearing of the suspension containing magnetisable particles can be achieved by limiting the gap through which the suspension containing magnetisable particles is passed, by at least two surfaces which move relative to one another.
  • stator plate When the gap is bounded by at least two surfaces that move relative to each other, it is preferable that one surface forms a stator plate and the other surface is formed by a rotor plate opposed to the stator plate.
  • the rotor plate preferably rotates about a central axis.
  • stator plate and the rotor plate are arranged such that the axis about which the rotor plate rotates is perpendicular to the stator plate.
  • the shearing gap is limited by two coaxial, telescoped cylinders.
  • the shear gap is formed by the outer radius of the inner cylinder and the inner radius of the outer cylinder.
  • the shear in the gap is caused by the fact that the cylinders move relative to each other by a rotational movement about the common axis.
  • the outer cylinder rotates, the inner cylinder stands firm and serves to measure the torque (Couette system).
  • the outer cylinder is fixed, the inner cylinder is driven and there is simultaneously a torque measurement (Sear- Ie system).
  • the two cylinders lie on the same axis, which is arranged parallel to the shear gap.
  • the shearing gap is exposed during the shear to a magnetic field, which is preferably perpendicular to the shear plane. It is advantageous if the volume which can be filled with suspension is predominantly formed by the shear gap.
  • the spacing of the bottoms or the top surfaces of the inner and outer cylinders should be as small as possible, e.g. in the order of the height of the shear gap. In the case of a cylinder arrangement through which flowed through, no dead volume flowed through should not be able to form.
  • the shearing gap is limited by a cylinder jacket and by a worm shaft pushed into the cylinder (extruder principle).
  • extruder with two or more screw shafts.
  • the suspension containing magnetizable particles in the shear gap is exposed to a magnetic field during the shear, which ensures a significant increase in the viscosity of the suspension.
  • the magnetic field can be applied either from the outside through the cylinder wall by suitable electromagnets or permanent magnets or from the inside via the screw by suitable magnetic field generators.
  • the gap through which the suspension containing magnetisable particles is passed is a channel. The shear is achieved in that the channel has only a small cross-section.
  • the cross section is rectangular.
  • one magnetic yoke can be arranged above and the other below the channel, so that a magnetic field is generated in the channel.
  • the channel has any other cross section. In contrast to a rectangular channel, however, the field distribution of the magnetic field is not ideal in this case.
  • the invention further relates to a device for conditioning suspensions containing magnetizable particles, comprising at least one gap which is traversed by the suspension containing magnetisable particles in order to apply a shearing force to the suspension containing magnetisable particles.
  • the device further includes at least one magnet for generating a magnetic field in the at least one gap.
  • the at least one magnet is arranged such that the poles of the magnet are located on opposite sides of the gap. In this way, a magnetic field is generated in the gap perpendicular to the plane of the shear.
  • the magnet is an electromagnet.
  • at least one permanent magnet instead of at least one electromagnet.
  • both electromagnets and permanent magnets it is possible to use the device according to the invention, for example for conditioning suspensions containing magnetizable particles of different composition, in particular with different concentration of magnetisable particles contained in the suspension.
  • the strength of the magnetic field can in this case be adapted in each case to the suspension containing magnetizable particles to be conditioned.
  • the at least one gap of at least two mutually movable plates is limited in order to apply the shearing force to the suspension containing magnetizable particles.
  • the gap it is possible here for the gap to be limited by two opposing plates. In this case, a plate can be fixed and move the second plate. Alternatively, it is also possible that both plates move at different speeds. Thus, the two plates can be different speeds or move in the opposite direction.
  • At least one plate is a rotor plate.
  • the rotor plate rotates about a central axis of rotation, wherein the central axis of rotation is arranged so that it is perpendicular to the second plate. In this way, a uniform gap width is guaranteed.
  • both plates, which delimit the gap are designed as rotor plates, the axis of rotation for both plates is preferably a common axis.
  • a plate is formed as a stator plate and a plate as a rotor plate. In this case, as described above, the axis of rotation of the rotor plate is preferably perpendicular through the stator plate.
  • one rotor plate rotates at a higher speed than the other plate or when the two rotor plates rotate in opposite directions.
  • the gap limiting surfaces of the rotor plate and the stator plate and the second rotor plate preferably each have a flat, a planar and a conical or a respective conical plate surface.
  • a disk surface is flat and a disk surface is tapered, or when both disk surfaces are tapered, the gap width decreases toward the rotational axis.
  • the shear cells described heat up as a result of the high specific energy input. For this reason, a thermostating of the shear cell (regardless of the design) is preferred. This can be achieved by a complete immersion of the shear cell in a Thermostatisierbad or a cooling furnace. Alternatively, it is possible to provide cooling channels in the housing of the shear cell through which a suitable cooling fluid circulates. This variant has the advantage that cooling can take place relatively close to the shear gaps. Furthermore, it is possible to expose the shear cell to a cooling air flow.
  • the at least one gap, in which the shearing force is applied to the suspension containing magnetizable particles is a flow channel through which the suspension containing magnetizable particles flows.
  • the shear force exerted on the suspension containing magnetisable particles depends on the flow rate of the suspension in the channel and the pressure drop.
  • the gap has a height in the range of 0.08 to 5 mm. A lower gap height leads to a greater shear rate applied to the suspension while the throughput rate remains constant.
  • the pressure loss in the gap depends not only on the height but also on the length of the gap. The larger the ratio of length to height or length to diameter in the gap, the greater the pressure drop. This means that as the gap height decreases, a shorter channel is needed to achieve the same pressure drop.
  • the magnets are arranged above and below the channel in a flow channel with rectangular cross section, so that the channel is traversed by the magnetic field.
  • the magnets can be permanent magnets or electromagnets.
  • the magnets are arranged so that on one side of the channel, the north pole of the magnet and on the other side of the south pole of the magnet is arranged. If several magnets are arranged side by side over the length of the flow channel, it is possible that in each case the same poles are arranged on one side of the channel, so that the magnetic field over the entire channel length is equally weighted.
  • devices are preferably provided for determining the throughput and the pressure drop across the channel in order to determine the shear energy input.
  • the torque of the screw and the throughput or the speed of the screw are detected.
  • the device In order to achieve adequate conditioning of the suspension containing magnetisable particles, the device generally also comprises a storage vessel in which the suspension containing magnetisable particles is contained. From the storage vessel, the suspension containing magnetisable particles is generally conveyed by means of a pump through the at least one gap. In order to achieve sufficient conditioning, it is preferred to allow the suspension containing magnetizable particles to pass through the gap several times. The number of passes of the suspension containing magnetizable particles through the gap is dependent on the energy input necessary for the conditioning process.
  • the redispersibility is improved in addition to the reduction of in-use thickening.
  • a suspension containing conditioned magnetizable particles according to the invention redispersed with substantially less work compared to an unconditioned suspension containing magnetizable particles.
  • the difference with a storage time of 20 days is approximately factor 5.
  • the suspension containing magnetizable particles conditioned according to the invention can be redispersed at a cost which is lower by a factor of 5 than that of an unconditioned suspension containing magnetisable particles.
  • FIG. 1 shows a shear cell with rotor plate designed according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a conditioning system with a shear cell according to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3. 1 shows a flow channel according to the invention for conditioning in longitudinal section
  • FIG. 3.2 shows the flow channel according to FIG. 3.1 in cross section
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow channel conditioning system according to FIGS. 3.1 and 3.2.
  • FIG. 5 shows a shear cell with cylinder geometry designed according to the invention in a first embodiment
  • FIG. 6 shows a shear cell according to the invention with cylinder geometry in a second embodiment
  • FIG. 7 shows a shear cell with extruder construction designed according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a shear cell with rotor plate designed according to the invention.
  • a shear cell 1 comprises a gap 3 through which a suspension containing magnetizable particles flows. In the gap 3 there is a shear of the suspension. The suspension containing magnetizable particles is fed to the gap 3 via an inlet channel 5.
  • the inlet channel 5 is arranged centrically. The suspension containing magnetizable particles flows into the gap 3 via the inlet channel 5, flows through the gap 3 and is removed again from the shear cell 1 via one or more outlet channels 7.
  • the shear cell 1 comprises two outlet channels 7. However, it is also possible that the shear cell 1 comprises only one outlet channel 7 or more than two outlet channels 7.
  • the gap 3 is bounded by a first plate 9 and a second plate 1 1.
  • the first plate 9 is a stator plate 13 in the embodiment shown here.
  • the inlet channel 5 penetrates the stator plate 13 in the center thereof.
  • the stator 13 is the second plate 1 1, which is designed as a rotor plate 15, opposite. In this way, the gap 3 is bounded by a surface 17 of the stator plate 13 and a surface 19 of the rotor plate 15.
  • the surface 17 of the stator plate 13 and the surface 19 of the rotor plate 15 may, as shown in Figure 1, be flat. Furthermore, it is also possible that the surface 17 of the stator plate 13 and the surface 19 of the rotor plate 15 are conical. The conical tip is in this case in the middle of the surface 19 of the rotor plate 15 and the surface 17 of the stator plate 13, ie at the position at which the axis of rotation 23 pierces the rotor plate 15 and the stator plate 13. Furthermore, it is also possible for the surface 17 of the stator plate 13 to be flat and the surface 19 of the rotor plate 15 to be conical or the surface 19 of the rotor plate flat and the surface 17 of the stator plate 13 conical. When the surface 17 of the stator plate 13 or the surface 19 of the rotor plate 15 is tapered, the tip angle of the cone is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 6 °.
  • the rotor plate 15 is connected to a rotor shaft 21.
  • the rotor shaft 21 is further connected to a drive, not shown here. By the drive and the rotor shaft 21, the rotor plate 15 is set in a rotational movement.
  • Centric through the rotor shaft 21 extends a rotation axis 23.
  • the rotation axis 23 is aligned so that it runs perpendicularly through the rotor plate 15 and vertically through the stator 13. In this way, a uniform gap width of the gap 3 is achieved.
  • the shear cell 1 further comprises a housing 25.
  • the housing 25 encloses the stator 13, the rotor plate 15 and the gap. 3
  • an opening 27 is formed in the housing 25 through which the rotor shaft 21 of the rotor plate 15 extends.
  • the rotor shaft 21 is preferably mounted in the opening 27 of the housing 25 by a bearing not shown in detail in FIG. Any suitable rolling bearing known to the person skilled in the art is suitable as the bearing. Thus, e.g. Ball bearings, nail bearings, cylindrical bearings or similar can be used.
  • the interior of the housing 25 is preferably sealed with a sealing element 29 which is received between the rotor shaft 21 and the housing 25 in the opening 27, against the environment.
  • the sealing element 29 may e.g. an O-ring, a shaft seal, a quadring, a labyrinth seal or a mechanical seal. Any other seal known to a person skilled in the art, which seals a rotating element against a stationary element, is also possible.
  • the rotor plate 15 is enclosed by a second sealing element 31.
  • the sealing is achieved in that the second sealing element 31 rests on the one hand on the outer circumference of the rotor plate 15 and on the other hand on the housing 25.
  • the second sealing element 31, like the sealing element 29 an O-ring, a shaft seal, a quadring, a labyrinth seal, a mechanical seal or any other, known in the art seal with which a rotating element can be sealed against a stationary element, be.
  • the suspension containing magnetizable particles it is supplied to the gap 3 via the inlet channel 5.
  • a shear force is exerted on the suspension containing magnetizable particles.
  • the gap is traversed by a magnetic field.
  • the magnet may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
  • the magnet is an electromagnet.
  • the first yoke 33 and the second yoke 35 are poled such that a magnetic field is formed between the first yoke 33 and the second yoke 35. This magnetic field then flows through the gap 3. In this way, the shear of the magnetizable particles containing suspension in the gap 3 in the presence of a magnetic field.
  • the strength of the applied magnetic field is chosen so that the magnetic flux density in the shear gap in the range of 0.05 to 1, 2 T, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1, 2 T, in particular in the range of 0.2 to 0 , 8T.
  • FIG. 1 A conditioning system with a shear cell according to FIG. 1 is shown in FIG.
  • the conditioning system comprises in addition to the shear cell 1 a reservoir 37, a supply line 39, a return 41 and a pump 43.
  • the pump 43 is arranged in the supply line 39.
  • the suspension containing magnetizable particles is fed to the inlet channel 5 in the shear cell 1.
  • the suspension containing magnetizable particles then flows through the gap 3 between the stator plate 13 and the rotor plate 15 and exits the shear cell 1 via the outlet channels 7.
  • the outlet channels 7 open into the return 41, via which the suspension containing magnetizable particles is returned to the reservoir 37.
  • FIG. 3.1 shows a flow channel for conditioning in longitudinal section according to the invention.
  • the gap 3 is formed by a flow channel 45.
  • the flow channel 45 is in this case limited by a first plate 9 on its underside and by a second plate 1 1 at its top.
  • Conditioning the suspension containing magnetizable particles is fed via an inlet 47 to the flow channel 45.
  • From an outlet 49 the suspension containing magnetizable particles exits the flow channel 45 again. Due to the wall friction on the first plate 9 and the second plate 11 when flowing through the flow channel 45 and by friction of the magnetizable particles together, a shear force is exerted on the magnetizable particles containing suspension during the flow through the flow channel 45.
  • each of the gap 3 opposite side of the first plate 9 first yokes 33 and on the opposite side of the gap 3 of the second plate 11 second yokes 35 are arranged by magnets.
  • the magnets may be permanent magnets or electromagnets just as in the shear cell shown in FIG.
  • the yokes 33, 35 are each poled so that forms a magnetic field between two opposing yokes 33, 35.
  • first yoke 33 of the magnet abutting the first plate 9 and the second yoke 35 of the magnet abutting the second plate 11.
  • a plurality of magnets are arranged side by side, as shown in Figure 3.1.
  • the first yokes 33 and the second yokes 35 to be polarized identically by adjacent magnets, so that the magnetic field is directed the same over the entire flow channel 45.
  • first yokes 33 and second yokes 35 to be poled differently from adjacent magnets, so that the magnetic field alternates and is directed in opposite directions between two adjacent magnets.
  • a lateral boundary of the flow channel 45 is formed here by side walls 51.
  • the flow channel 45 preferably has a height that is only small compared to the width.
  • a shorter trained flow channel 45 may, for. B. be realized when additional shear is achieved by movement of a boundary wall.
  • the second plate 1 1, which limits the top of the flow channel 45 is formed in the form of a circumferential band.
  • the boundary of the flow channel formed by the circulating band can move relative to the first plate 9.
  • An additional shear force is exerted.
  • both the first plate 9 and the second plate 1 1 are movable, it being preferred that in this case the first plate 9 and move the second plate 11 at different speeds or in the opposite direction.
  • the first plate 9 and the second plate 11 are each formed in the form of an endless belt, each circulating at least two shafts through which the band formed as a first plate 9 and second plate 1 1 are driven.
  • the height of the flow channel 45 varies over the length. So it is e.g. possible that the height of the flow channel 45 increases or decreases over the length. Furthermore, it is also possible for sections in which the height of the flow channel 45 increases and then decreases again to alternate. Also, it is e.g. possible that the plate 9 and the second plate 11, which limit the flow channel 45, are formed wave-shaped, so that the flow channel 45 is wavy. It is also possible that with wave-shaped first plate 9 and second plate 1 1, the crests of the waves are opposite each other, so that a steady increase and decrease of the channel height is achieved. Also, any further, known in the art course of the channel is conceivable, which is flowed through by the suspension containing magnetizable particles.
  • the ratio of height to length of the flow channel and the magnetic flux density is preferably selected so that a pressure drop of at least 5 bar is achieved in the channel.
  • the pressure drop is preferably in the range from 10 to 200 bar, in particular in the range from 50 to 100 bar.
  • FIG. 4 shows a conditioning system with a flow channel according to FIGS. 3.1 and 3.2.
  • the conditioning system like the conditioning system shown in FIG. 2, comprises a reservoir 37, a supply line 39, a return 41 and a pump 43.
  • the inlet 39 is connected to the inlet 47 of the flow channel 45.
  • the pump 43 Via the pump 43, the suspension containing magnetizable particles is pumped from the reservoir 37 into the flow channel 45.
  • the suspension containing magnetizable particles leaves the flow channel via the outlet 49 into the return 41, via which it flows back into the reservoir 47.
  • a magnetic field is generated in the flow channel 45 via the magnets each formed by the first yokes 33 and second yokes 35.
  • the shear cell can also take other forms that are suitable to shear a suspension. Further suitable forms are, for example, shear cells with cylinder geometry or with extruder construction.
  • FIG. 1 A shear cell with cylinder geometry in a first embodiment is shown in FIG. 1
  • a shear cell with cylinder geometry 61 comprises a stationary housing 63.
  • the stationary housing 63 encloses a rotatable cylinder 65.
  • the cylinder 65 is connected to a shaft 67 which penetrates the housing.
  • the shaft 67 is connected to a drive.
  • the gap 3 is formed. Via an inlet channel 5, the suspension containing magnetizable particles to be sheared flows into the gap 3. The suspension flows through the gap 3 and exits the shear cell 61 via the outlet channel 7.
  • a magnetic field 69 is applied in such a way that the field lines, which are symbolized here by arrows, are oriented perpendicular to the flow direction of the suspension in the gap.
  • the magnetic field 69 it is possible, for example, to surround the stationary housing 63 with a coil.
  • the suspension containing magnetizable particles flows only through the gap 3, which surrounds the rotatable cylinder 65 on its surface and thus also is cylindrical, the gap 3 is closed at its ends by suitable sealing elements 71. This avoids that suspension containing magnetizable particles passes between the end faces 73 of the rotatable cylinder 65 and the housing 63.
  • FIG. 6 shows a shear cell with cylinder geometry in a second embodiment.
  • the shear cell 61 shown in FIG. 6 differs from the shear cell shown in FIG. 5 in that the supply of the suspension containing magnetisable particles takes place through the shaft 67.
  • the shaft 67 is formed as a hollow shaft.
  • a gap 77 is formed, through which the suspension containing magnetizable particles flows.
  • the suspension flows along the gap 77 into the cylindrical gap 3, which is traversed by the magnetic field 69.
  • the outlet channel 7 On the opposite side of the shaft 63 of the housing 63 is the outlet channel 7.
  • Alternatively, a reverse flow direction is possible. In this case, the suspension is supplied via the outlet channel 7 and leaves the shear cell 61 through the shaft 67.
  • the aperture 79 may be, for example, a bore.
  • a conditioning system which is operated with a shear cell with cylinder geometry, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, is the same structure as a conditioning system with shear cell with rotor plate or with flow channel. That is, in the flow system shown in Figures 2 and 4, only the illustrated shear cell or the flow channel shown is replaced by the corresponding shear cell with cylinder geometry.
  • FIG. 7 shows a shear cell with extruder construction.
  • a shear cell 81 with extruder construction, as shown in FIG. 7, is used in particular to disperse particles in highly viscous media.
  • the individual components of the suspension are added either separately or together via a funnel 83. If the shear cell 81 with extruder assembly is not used to disperse the particles but only for conditioning, the suspension already containing magnetizable particles is added via the funnel 83.
  • the shear cell 81 with extruder construction comprises a stationary housing 85, in which an extruder screw 87 is accommodated. Between the extruder screw 87 and the housing 85 of the gap 3 is formed, which is flowed through by the suspension containing magnetizable particles and which is traversed by the magnetic field 69 for conditioning.
  • the shear cell 81 is used with an extruder structure for dispersing particles in highly viscous media, then a simultaneous dispersion and conditioning of the suspension takes place while it flows through the shear cell 81 with extruder structure. So that the highly viscous medium flows through the extruder, the extruder screw is rotatably mounted and is driven by a shaft 67. The material added over the hopper 83 is transported by means of the extruder screw 87 along the gap 3 to the outlet channel 7. At the outlet channel 7, the suspension which is completely dispersed and conditioned and contains magnetizable particles emerges from the shear cell 81 with extruder assembly.
  • the application of the magnetic field 69 to the extruder shear cell 81 is performed, for example, as applied to the cylinder geometry shear cell 61 in which the casing 85 is enclosed by a coil generating the magnetic field.
  • an arrangement of permanent magnets on or in the cylinder wall and / or the screw is possible.
  • a conditioning system in which a shear cell 81 is used with extruder structure is also constructed according to the conditioning system with shear cell 1 with rotor plate or with flow channel, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, wherein the shear cell 1 with rotor plate or the flow channel is replaced by the shear cell 81 with extruder assembly.
  • the extruder-type shear cell 81 is used to disperse particles in high-viscosity media, it is also possible for the starting materials to be added from reservoirs via the funnel 83 and the ready-dispersed and conditioned suspension flowing out through the outlet channel 7 into another reservoir is led. It is possible to feed the suspension contained in the reservoir via the funnel 83 into the extruder, in which case in each case a part of the already dispersed suspension is mixed with the starting materials in the extruder. Alternatively, it is also possible to further condition the suspension in another shear cell.
  • a suspension which modifies 90% by weight of carbonyl iron powder, 9.05% by weight of poly- ⁇ -olefin, 0.45% by weight of modified attapulgite (Attagel 50 from Engelhard with Arquad C2-75 from Akzo-Nobel) and 0.5% by weight alkyd resin.
  • a shear cell as shown in FIG. 1, with a gap height of 2 mm and an outer diameter of the rotor plate of 300 mm, is applied without application of a magnet. operated netfeldes for conditioning a suspension containing magnetizable particles.
  • the speed of the rotor plate 15 is 400 1 / min.
  • the shear stress exerted on the suspension containing magnetisable particles is 1.1 kPa at a shear rate of 6283 l / s.
  • At a desired energy input of 3e10 J / m 3 results for a suspension volume of 10 liters, a conditioning time of 22.8 h.
  • a magnetic field of 0.5 T is applied to the shear cell of the comparative example.
  • the rotor plate is operated at a speed of 35 1 / min.
  • On the magnetizable particles containing suspension acts a shear stress of 25.4 kPa at a shear rate of 550 1 / s.
  • the energy input of 3e10 J / m 3 is achieved after a conditioning time of 1 1 h with a production volume of 10 liters. It can be seen that by applying the magnetic field for an identical energy input, a much shorter shearing time can be achieved with a significantly reduced shear rate.
  • the outer diameter of the rotor plate is 150 mm and the height of the gap is 1 mm.
  • the rotor plate is operated at a speed of 35 1 / min.
  • a conditioning time of 87.7 h results, in order to achieve an energy input of 3e10 J / m 3 .
  • a conditioning in a flow channel is carried out.
  • a flow channel with a gap height of 2 millimeters and a length of 1200 millimeters is used.
  • the magnetic field generated by the gap enclosing magnets is about 0.5 T.
  • the suspension containing magnetizable particles In order to achieve an energy input of 3e10 J / m 3 , the suspension containing magnetizable particles must the Flow through the channel 1000 times at a pressure drop of 300 bar. With a pressure drop of only 30 bar, a number of passes of 10,000 is necessary.
  • a shear cell is used, which differs from the shear cell shown in FIG. 1 in that the rotor plate is located between two stator plates arranged in parallel. This shear cell thus has two shear gaps, one above, the other below the rotor plate.
  • Rotor and stator plates are arranged coaxially, the introduction of a magnetic field into the shearing gaps is effected by two permanent magnets or electromagnets arranged above and below the stator plates. These have a central bore for the passage of the drive shaft on the rotor plate.
  • the stator plates have a maximum diameter of 40 mm, the rotor plate has a radius of 19 mm. In the area of the drive axle, the rotor plate is sealed against the stator plates and stored.
  • the resulting shear gaps therefore have a minimum radius of 5 mm and a maximum radius of 19 mm.
  • the height of both shear gaps is 1 mm each.
  • the shear cell is typically operated at a speed of 100 rpm, the maximum shear rate in the gaps resulting therefrom at 200 1 / s.
  • a magnetorheological fluid was sheared in this cell at a resultant torque of 0.9 Nm measured on the rotor axis.
  • the friction torque of the seals has already been eliminated.
  • a specific energy input of 3e10 J / m 3 is reached after 1.8 hours.
  • the power input in this case is 10 watts.
  • the shear cell is to be filled accordingly often.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de conditionnement d'une suspension contenant des particules magnétisables, lequel procédé consiste à faire passer dans une fente (3) la suspension contenant des particules magnétisables, afin d'induire un cisaillement de la suspension contenant des particules magnétisables. Un champ magnétique est produit dans la fente (3), de sorte que la suspension contenant des particules magnétisables est cisaillée en présence du champ magnétique. L'invention se rapporte également à un dispositif de conditionnement de suspensions contenant des particules magnétisables, lequel dispositif comprend au moins une fente (3), dans laquelle on fait passer la suspension contenant des particules magnétisables pour appliquer une force de cisaillement à la suspension contenant des particules magnétisables. Le dispositif comprend également au moins un aimant destiné à produire un champ magnétique dans ladite au moins une fente (3).
EP08854521A 2007-11-30 2008-11-25 Procédé et dispositif de conditionnement d'une suspension contenant des particules magnétisables Withdrawn EP2217359A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP08854521A EP2217359A1 (fr) 2007-11-30 2008-11-25 Procédé et dispositif de conditionnement d'une suspension contenant des particules magnétisables

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EP07121960 2007-11-30
EP08854521A EP2217359A1 (fr) 2007-11-30 2008-11-25 Procédé et dispositif de conditionnement d'une suspension contenant des particules magnétisables
PCT/EP2008/066164 WO2009068535A1 (fr) 2007-11-30 2008-11-25 Procédé et dispositif de conditionnement d'une suspension contenant des particules magnétisables

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WO (1) WO2009068535A1 (fr)

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DE202022105705U1 (de) 2022-10-10 2022-10-27 Genima Innovations Marketing Gmbh Hochdruckpumpe

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CN101925399A (zh) 2010-12-22
KR20100106445A (ko) 2010-10-01

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