EP2204820A1 - Enceinte de protection contre les radiations - Google Patents

Enceinte de protection contre les radiations Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2204820A1
EP2204820A1 EP10003355A EP10003355A EP2204820A1 EP 2204820 A1 EP2204820 A1 EP 2204820A1 EP 10003355 A EP10003355 A EP 10003355A EP 10003355 A EP10003355 A EP 10003355A EP 2204820 A1 EP2204820 A1 EP 2204820A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
radiation protection
radiation
moderation
protection chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10003355A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2204820B1 (fr
Inventor
Georg Fehrenbacher
Torsten Radon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH
Original Assignee
GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2204820A1 publication Critical patent/EP2204820A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2204820B1 publication Critical patent/EP2204820B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
    • G21F3/04—Bricks; Shields made up therefrom
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/12—Laminated shielding materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F7/00—Shielded cells or rooms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiation protection chamber having a multilayer radiation protection wall for shielding gamma and / or particle radiation, in particular for radiation shielding of a reaction site on a high-energy accelerator installation.
  • High-energy accelerators for particle beams are being used more and more frequently worldwide. The intensity and energy are constantly increased.
  • proton accelerators with energies up to the range of tera-electron volts (TeV) are planned, and there are proton accelerators with energies up to several gigahertz electron volts (GeV) and intensities of up to 10 16 protons / sec, eg for spallation sources planned.
  • accelerators are not only planned for basic research as a neutron source, but are also discussed as nuclear facilities for power generation, with which subcritical arrangements with an additional neutron flux can be brought into a critical state. Furthermore, these plants can also be used for so-called inoculation, where long-lived radioactive substances are converted into short-lived.
  • a problem in the operation of high energy accelerators is the production of high energy secondary radiation in the target areas (target of the particle beam in which it is deposited) or in jet losses during transport along the path of the beamlines of the high energy or primary beam towards the target.
  • the generated neutron and gamma radiation has a high permeability even by meter-thick shields.
  • pions are also generated, among others, which break down into muons. The latter also have very long ranges and must be stopped in special jet killers.
  • the production of radiation depends on the type of radiation, the energy, the intensity and the loss rate.
  • the shielding thickness also depends on the limits to be observed by the national legislation to be observed.
  • the limit values are defined as annual dose limits or related to the dose rate in ⁇ Sv / h.
  • gypsum is known as an alternative material for structures for radiation protection structures or shields of high-energy accelerators, which have also proven to be suitable shielding materials.
  • the level of radioactivity generated must be below certain limits in order to comply with national legislation.
  • a nuclide-specific release value A i in Bq / g must be undercut.
  • the total exhaustion must be determined by applying the sum rule be less than one.
  • multi-layer radiation protection arrangements or walls for high-energy accelerator systems with regard to the radioactive activation of the materials and their Abkling continue to improve, based on the operation of several years or decades of high beam energies and intensities and the subsequent disposal.
  • This aspect is of particular importance when natural shielding materials are used which, on the one hand, are radioactively activated after use of the system and, on the other hand, have little experience in dealing with large amounts of these substances.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a radiation protection chamber with a multi-layer radiation protection wall, in particular for shielding high-energy gamma and / or particle radiation from high energy and / or nuclear reactions, which even after a long period of operation and high beam energies and intensities with respect to the subsequent disposal of the materials used has good manageable radioactive activation and their constituents are at least partially recyclable.
  • Yet another object is to provide such a radiation protection chamber for a high-energy accelerator system in which as little as contaminated material to be disposed of during decommissioning and as much material as possible under the predetermined limits and can be reused.
  • Another object is to provide such a radiation protection chamber which avoids or at least reduces the disadvantages of known shields.
  • a radiation protection chamber with a radiation shield wall positioned downstream is provided for shielding high-energy gamma and / or particle radiation, in particular from high-energy and / or nuclear reactions, generated by primary radiation in the range above 1 GeV, in particular above 10 GeV or even higher.
  • the radiation is shielded or attenuated from a reaction site at a high energy particle accelerator facility.
  • the radiation to be shielded is in most cases secondary radiation, which results from a reaction of the primary beam with a target, but may also be a remainder or part of the primary beam itself.
  • the radiation protection wall has a sandwich-like construction of at least one first and second layer arrangement, wherein the first layer arrangement comprises at least one primary shielding layer and the second layer arrangement comprises at least one secondary shielding layer, which in particular consists of different material and is functionally different.
  • the primary shielding layer is preferably formed as a spallation layer and the secondary shielding layer is preferably in the form of a moderation layer.
  • the first or second layer arrangement are formed in several parts or into a plurality of adjacent and already predefinably separable during the construction subsections divided, so that a simple, separate dismantling and a separate and selected recycling or disposal of the sections are possible.
  • the subdivision into subsections can be realized by division into a plurality of adjacent separate moderation layers and / or spallation layers and / or by lateral (transversely to the layer plane) division of the moderation layer (s) and / or the spallation layer (s).
  • the subsections which experience a high activation by the operation are separated from the subsections which, although having a shielding effect and, to a lesser extent, a deactivation, ie lower in their activity level.
  • These layers which may contain, for example, natural substances and are activated only slightly, are soon after the end of use again without restriction or at least released for release and are then available again for natural use.
  • the invention is not limited to the Compliance with any national limit regulations.
  • the more heavily activated subsections are either temporarily stored after decommissioning of the plant or continue to be used in other similar nuclear facilities.
  • the first and / or second layer arrangement are in turn separable multilayered.
  • the first layer arrangement comprises a plurality of 2, 3 or more spallation layers and / or the second layer arrangement comprises a plurality of 2, 3 or more moderation layers in order to achieve a separability along the layer normal in addition to the lateral separability.
  • the deconstruction planning in the design in two dimensions - in polar coordinates azimuthally and radially - can be adapted to the expected radiation exposure, so that a two-dimensional modular or differentiated deconstruction is possible.
  • moderation layer (s) and / or the spallation layer (s) are formed as bulk material layer (s), since a separate deconstruction is particularly easy to accomplish here.
  • the radiation protection wall on both sides of the spallation layer (s) and the moderation layer (s) has a solid static concrete support layer. Furthermore, between the spallation and moderation layers or layers of bulk material (thin) Partitions, eg made of concrete, intended to ensure separate disposal. On the front side, laterally adjacent sections of bulk material layers are separated from one another by separating elements. In other words, the separating layers and separating elements form contiguous containers or filling spaces into which the spallation material or the moderation material is filled so as to form the two-dimensionally sectioned radiation protection wall with spallation material and moderating material which are separated from one another.
  • the moderation layers or sections contain (more than 50%) mainly elements with an atomic number less than 30 or consist of such. These elements are particularly suitable for the moderation of light core fragments and nucleons.
  • moderation layers of gypsum or other materials with bound water have proven to be particularly suitable.
  • liquid sections or Layers, eg of water are conceivable.
  • ordinary earth excavation, sand, gravel, feldspar, lime feldspar, potash feldspar or similar natural raw materials can also be used as moderation layer (s).
  • the spallation layer (s) disposed on the upstream side of the moderation layer (s) mainly contains (more than 50%) elements with or have an atomic number greater than 20 or 25.
  • As spallation material has e.g. an iron-containing material is especially proven. This material is inexpensive to procure and advantageous to dispose of or recycle if necessary.
  • the moderation layer (s) have a density of less than or equal to 3.5 g / cm 3 and the spallation layer (s) have a density of greater than or equal to 3.0 g / cm 3 .
  • the radiation protection wall according to the invention forms the downstream wall of the radiation protection chamber into which a primary high-energy beam from a particle accelerator is directed onto a reaction site or a target.
  • the first radiation protection wall thus has a central region for attenuating the radiation emerging from the reaction site at a predetermined solid angle around the forward direction of the high-energy beam and a peripheral region around the central region and is constructed from separate subsections such that, during the deconstruction, subsections from the central one Area and subsections of the peripheral area separately from each other or dismountable and recyclable or disposable.
  • the lateral radiation protection walls may have a different layer structure.
  • an additional beam destroyer so-called “beam dump” is arranged in the forward direction of the primary high-energy beam or downstream of the reaction station.
  • the jet destroyer preferably adjoins the first radiation protection wall downstream of the radiation protection chamber downstream of the radiation protection chamber or is at least partially integrated into it.
  • Fig. 1 shows this radiation protection chamber 1 constructed of a first beam downstream positioned (front) radiation protection wall 110, a second upstream (rear) radiation protection wall 210 and two side radiation shields 310, 410, which together with unillustrated floor and ceiling a substantially closed cage as Reationscave around Form target 50.
  • the chamber 1 has a labyrinth-shaped entrance area 60.
  • the high-energy primary beam 70 enters the chamber 1 through a jet entry region 80 and strikes the target 50.
  • the primary beam 70 in this example generates 10 12 protons / sec at an energy of 30 GeV secondary radiation 90, although in all directions is emitted, but still has a maximum in the forward direction. In particular, this secondary radiation 90 should be effectively shielded.
  • the radiation protection walls 110, 210, 310, 410 each have an inner solid support layer or load-bearing concrete layer 140, 240, 340, 440 and an outer solid support layer or load-bearing concrete layer 150, 250, 350, 450, respectively.
  • the front and side outer concrete layers 150, 350 and 450 are in turn two-layered in layers 152, 154; 352, 354 and 452, 454 formed.
  • the radiation protection walls 110, 210, 310, 410 further each comprise an inner layer arrangement 120, 220, 320, 420 of a spallation material, such as e.g. Iron, iron granules or iron ore.
  • the front spallation layer arrangement 120 is in turn constructed in two layers in spallation layers 122, 124.
  • the lateral spallation layer arrangements 320, 420 have only one spallation layer 322, 422 each.
  • moderation layer arrangements 130, 230, 330, 430 are made of earth.
  • the front moderation layer assembly 130 is in turn constructed in three layers in moderation layers 132, 134, 136.
  • the side moderation layer arrangements 330, 430 each have two moderation layers 332, 334 and 432, 434, respectively.
  • the concrete layers 140, 152 serve as inner and outer supporting wall for filling with iron ore bulk material for the Spallations füren or pourable soil for the moderation layers.
  • the earth has a composition that is common at the location of the research facility.
  • Intermediate layers and tie rods (in Fig. 1 not shown) are installed to meet the static requirements.
  • the spallation layers are made of higher atomic number materials than the moderation layers.
  • spallation reactions are triggered mainly by high-energy neutrons, which, among other things, result in the production of evaporation neutrons.
  • the evaporation neutrons have smaller energies than the neutrons of the secondary radiation, the generation of further radionuclides is less likely. If the layer thickness is sufficiently large, a large part of the neutrons of the secondary radiation is converted into neutrons of the evaporation cores.
  • this layer thickness is adapted to the primary beam (ionic species, energy, intensity) and the target (element, thickness) so that the secondary radiation generated in the target is strongly scattered and weakened, the downstream layers are only weakly activated, the level of radioactivity generated is low.
  • Fig. 1 Between the spallation layers and moderation layers are in the Fig. 1 Partitions not shown provided. Furthermore, frontally adjacent subsections, for example the sections 13 and 15, are separated from one another at their front sides by separating elements.
  • Fig. 2 10 shows a section enlargement of the partial sections 15, 16 of the spallation layer and 10, 11, 12 of the moderation layer and the outer load-bearing concrete layers 152, 154 and the section 21 of the inner load-bearing concrete layer 140.
  • the sections of the spallation layer and the moderation layer are formed by partitions 92 and separating elements 94 and the adjacent load-bearing concrete layers.
  • the front radiation protection wall is adapted to the anisotropy of the secondary radiation 90.
  • the central layer sections 21, 15 and 16 facing the target 50 have the strongest shielding effect and therefore also have the strongest activations.
  • the remaining sections are less activated due to their peripheral location or their outermost position. Most of the remaining sections are therefore immediately after use of the system or after a short wait fully unlockable.
  • so little material with the necessary layer thickness and unavoidable increased activation and on the other hand, as much natural material as necessary to be installed to receive the dose rate outside the chamber 1 or the building below a certain value.
  • the various layers can be provided as solid layers (concrete support layers) or as bulk material layers (spallation layers, moderation layers) or even as liquid layers (moderation layers). More specifically, the moderation layers contain bulk materials as shielding materials, e.g. natural materials such as gypsum, earth, sand, etc. and the inner and outer base layers 140, 152, 154 are reinforced concrete layers which serve to structurally structure the chamber.
  • Fig. 3 shows a calculated dose profile for operation with the proton beam 70 of energy 30 GeV and intensity 10 12 protons / sec.
  • the dose rate is given in the unit ⁇ Sv / h.
  • Fig. 3 It can be seen that by using natural shielding materials, in this example iron ore as spallation material and earth as moderation material, the generated radiation is effectively weakened. In the vicinity of the target 50, the dose rate is very high (1 Sv / h and higher), outside the radiation protection chamber 1 (except immediately in the forward direction) it is at a level between 0.1 and 1 ⁇ Sv / h. The requirements of the national legal limits can thus be met.
  • the activation in the various sections 1 to 24 is calculated for a beam time of 30 years and a mean intensity of 1.00E + 12 protons / sec at 30 GeV.
  • the target causes a proton reaction rate of about 1%. It generates an intense high-energy secondary radiation (neutrons, protons, pions, muons). This in turn generates radioactivity in the shielding layers as follows.
  • the sections 1 to 12 consist of earth, the sections 13 to 19 of iron ore and the sections 20 to 24 made of concrete. Activation is expressed in units of total unused unrestricted release for three different cooldowns, 5 years, 1 year and 1 month. Values less than 1 mean unrestricted release.
  • the concrete and iron ore layer sections are partly strongly activated.
  • the iron ore sections 15 and 16 are most activated with a value of exhaustion of the release activity of 275 (section 15) after a 1 month decay phase.
  • the preceding concrete layer is also heavily activated (Section 21) with a value of 142.
  • Even a 5-year waiting period is not sufficient to bring the exhaustion levels below one.
  • Fig. 4 shows by way of example the distribution of the generated radioactivity for the sub-section 8 consisting of earth Fig. 1 ,
  • the most important radionuclides are given.
  • the degree of exhaustion of the release value (unrestricted release) according to the German Radiation Protection Ordinance is shown for a 30-year operation with 10 12 protons / sec and a 1-month cooldown.
  • radionuclide Na-22 half-life 2.6 years.
  • Other radionuclides that are formed are H-3, Be-7, Mn-52.54, Sc-46, V-48, Cr-51, Fe-55.59 and the cobalt isotopes Co-56, 58, 60.
  • Fig. 5 shows a radiation protection chamber 1 according to the in Fig. 1 but with an additional beam destroyer 95 made of iron with a concrete casing 96.
  • the beam destroyer 95 is centrally embedded in the moderation layers 132, 134, 136, more precisely in the sections 10, 11, 12 and thus causes a further reduced activation of these sections.
  • An inlet channel 98 is provided in the layers arranged upstream of the jet destructor and preferably in the inlet region of the jet destructor 95.
  • the invention is not only applicable to high energy accelerator equipment, but e.g. also applicable to installations where neutrons with smaller energies or thermalized neutrons are released, such as Nuclear reactors for power generation or research reactors (activation by neutron capture with n, ⁇ reactions) or spallation neutron sources.
  • the invention is applicable to types of radiation that cause activation in the radioactive sense of substances and materials.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
EP10003355A 2004-12-29 2005-11-19 Enceinte de protection contre les radiations Not-in-force EP2204820B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004063732A DE102004063732B4 (de) 2004-12-29 2004-12-29 Strahlenschutzkammer mit insbesondere einer mehrschichtigen Strahlenschutzwand
EP05819499A EP1831896B1 (fr) 2004-12-29 2005-11-19 Paroi anti-rayonnement multicouche et chambre anti-rayonnement

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05819499.4 Division 2005-11-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2204820A1 true EP2204820A1 (fr) 2010-07-07
EP2204820B1 EP2204820B1 (fr) 2011-08-10

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EP05819499A Not-in-force EP1831896B1 (fr) 2004-12-29 2005-11-19 Paroi anti-rayonnement multicouche et chambre anti-rayonnement
EP10003355A Not-in-force EP2204820B1 (fr) 2004-12-29 2005-11-19 Enceinte de protection contre les radiations

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EP05819499A Not-in-force EP1831896B1 (fr) 2004-12-29 2005-11-19 Paroi anti-rayonnement multicouche et chambre anti-rayonnement

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US (1) US7820993B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1831896B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5284647B2 (fr)
AT (2) ATE520129T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102004063732B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006072279A1 (fr)

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FR2952751B1 (fr) * 2009-11-18 2011-12-30 Thales Sa Local partiellement enterre destine a recevoir une source ionisante
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JP6076005B2 (ja) * 2012-09-06 2017-02-08 株式会社熊谷組 中性子線遮蔽構造体
JP6322359B2 (ja) * 2012-10-30 2018-05-09 株式会社竹中工務店 放射線遮蔽壁、放射線遮蔽壁の施工方法及び放射線遮蔽壁の修復方法
DE102016105720B4 (de) * 2016-03-29 2018-01-18 Gsi Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung Gmbh Abschirmung für Beschleunigeranlage
CA3117053A1 (fr) 2018-11-20 2020-05-28 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Patch a rayonnement de cyclotron auto-blinde
CN113454734B (zh) 2018-12-14 2023-01-06 拉德技术医疗系统有限责任公司 屏蔽设施及其制造方法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2204820B1 (fr) 2011-08-10
ATE488843T1 (de) 2010-12-15
EP1831896B1 (fr) 2010-11-17
JP2008525809A (ja) 2008-07-17
EP1831896A1 (fr) 2007-09-12
US20080308754A1 (en) 2008-12-18
DE102004063732B4 (de) 2013-03-28
US7820993B2 (en) 2010-10-26
ATE520129T1 (de) 2011-08-15
DE102004063732A1 (de) 2006-07-13
JP5284647B2 (ja) 2013-09-11
DE502005010568D1 (de) 2010-12-30
WO2006072279A1 (fr) 2006-07-13

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