EP2203608B1 - Randlose toilette mit spülwasserverteilvorrichtung - Google Patents

Randlose toilette mit spülwasserverteilvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2203608B1
EP2203608B1 EP08788524.0A EP08788524A EP2203608B1 EP 2203608 B1 EP2203608 B1 EP 2203608B1 EP 08788524 A EP08788524 A EP 08788524A EP 2203608 B1 EP2203608 B1 EP 2203608B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
bowl
toilet
ledge
flushing
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Active
Application number
EP08788524.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2203608A1 (de
Inventor
John Pearson
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Ideal Standard International BVBA
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Ideal Standard International BVBA
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Publication of EP2203608A1 publication Critical patent/EP2203608A1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D11/00—Other component parts of water-closets, e.g. noise-reducing means in the flushing system, flushing pipes mounted in the bowl, seals for the bowl outlet, devices preventing overflow of the bowl contents; devices forming a water seal in the bowl after flushing, devices eliminating obstructions in the bowl outlet or preventing backflow of water and excrements from the waterpipe
    • E03D11/02—Water-closet bowls ; Bowls with a double odour seal optionally with provisions for a good siphonic action; siphons as part of the bowl
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D2201/00—Details and methods of use for water closets and urinals not otherwise provided for
    • E03D2201/40—Devices for distribution of flush water inside the bowl

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a toilet and specifically to a rimless toilet.
  • a conventional toilet typically comprises a toilet bowl or pan (reference A) and a toilet rim (reference B) extending around the top of the bowl.
  • reference A On flushing of the toilet water is directed from an inlet pipe into the back of the bowl. The majority of the water entering the toilet is directed in a generally vertical direction down the rear wall and towards the bottom of the bowl where the water enters the waste pipe or U-bend (as illustrated by the arrow in Figure 1 ).
  • US Patent 5,715,544 discloses a water flush toilet having an improved flush nozzle in which a portion of the flush water is discharged downward at a higher velocity from the nozzle over a rear section of a toilet bowl. The remainder of the water is discharged laterally outward at a lower velocity from the nozzle in opposite directions for flow in a spiral path over the bowl surface.
  • US Patent 6,397,405 discloses a flush toilet having two nozzles located within its bowl. The two nozzles being oriented in opposite directions and alternatively providing pulses of flush water into and around the bowl.
  • UK Patent Application GB 2 203 178 discloses a WC apparatus comprising a pan with an upper rim and a lower outlet.
  • a toilet comprising a toilet bowl and a first and second water inlet, the inner surface of the bowl comprising a first and second circumferentially extending water ledge, each ledge located adjacent to a respective one of said water inlets for guiding water in a substantially horizontal direction around at least a portion of the inner circumference of the bowl, each ledge being provided with an upper surface on which the water is supported and carried and each ledge having a first width proximate a respective inlet and a second smaller width at a distal end of the ledge, a third inlet arranged in use to allow a volume of flushing water which is less than the volume passing through the first and second water inlets to rinse a portion of the inner surface below said third inlet, wherein the first and second water inlets are arranged in use to direct at least 90% of the water flowing into the toilet as a pair of substantially horizontally opposing water streams from the rear of the bowl along an upwardly facing surface of each respective ledge such that the pair of water streams collide
  • At least 90% of the flushing water received into the toilet is directed in opposing and substantially horizontal directions by means of the two water inlets.
  • substantially all of the water received in the bowl is directed towards the U-bend to create the necessary flushing action as illustrated by the arrows in Figure 1 .
  • Directing at least 90% of the water horizontally creates a flushing plume at an opposing side of the toilet bowl which cleans the inside surfaces of the toilet bowl and creates the necessary flushing plume.
  • 'rimless' is intended to refer herein to a toilet bowl which is void of an overhanging surface extending around the upper surface of the rim. By removing the overhanging surface the visibility of the inside of the toilet bowl is substantially improved. In addition access to the bowl is improved for cleaning.
  • Water may be introduced into the bowl by means of a water distribution arrangement which may for example protrude from the inner wall of the bowl at the rear of the toilet bowl.
  • water may be communicated into the bowl from a pair of recesses formed in the wall of the toilet bowl and arranged in use to direct water horizontally as described above. Forming the inlets into recesses in the toilet wall further removes edges around which germs and bacteria may grow which might be associated with a protruding water inlet.
  • the flushing water may be introduced into the bowl close to the upper edge of the rimless bowl. Introducing the water at the top of the bowl maximises the area of the bowl over which the flushing water is arrange to flow and minimises the area of the bowl which is not cleaned.
  • Each of the two opposing water inlets may be formed of a single orifice arranged to communicate water into the bowl.
  • each orifice may be formed of a plurality of apertures each arranged to communicate water into the bowl.
  • substantially horizontally' used herein is not limited to a purely horizontal flow of water but to a generally horizontal flow such that, in use, water is directed around the inner surface of the bowl to meet and collide at the opposing side of the bowl.
  • the toilet bowl is provided with a pair of circumferentially extending ledges each having a first end adjacent to one of the flushing water inlets and arranged in use to guide or communicate the flushing water in the substantially horizontally opposing directions around the inner circumference of the toilet bowl.
  • each ledge advantageously prevents the water from flowing in a manner as found in conventional toilets i.e. directly down towards the U-bend.
  • the ledges communicate water from the respective inlets and around the inner surface of the bowl so as to collide on the opposite side of the toilet bowl and to create a 'plume' of water which in turn flows into the U-bend.
  • the arrangement of the ledges advantageously provides a surface on which water may be communicated.
  • the ledges are void of any concealed portions because there are no overhanging surfaces or rim and can be easily and conveniently inspected for cleanliness. As described above the ledge surfaces are also advantageously convenient and easy to clean because they are readily accessible to a cleaner.
  • each ledge act as a surface along which water is communicated by virtue of the flow rate of the water passing into the bowl.
  • Each ledge may advantageously be formed as a surface protruding from the inner surface of the toilet bowl i.e. integral with the bowl inner surface. Ledges may therefore be conveniently formed using conventional manufacturing techniques.
  • Each ledge is formed of a proximal end adjacent to a respective inlet and a distal end located at some distance around the circumference of the bowl. In order to ensure the entire surface of the bowl is cleaned the ledge may extend around the entire circumference of the bowl so as to meet at the front of the toilet bowl.
  • the ledges may be provided with any suitable profile or configuration comprising a surface on which the water is supported and/or directed as it flows around the bowl.
  • the ledges may be in the form of a substantially horizontal surface on which the water is supported and along which the water flows. As discussed above, such a surface advantageously supports the flow of water around the bowl and additionally allows for convenient inspection of the toilet (for cleanliness) and furthermore allows the toilet inner surface to be easily cleaned.
  • each ledge may be angled relative to the inner surface of the bowl to support water on the ledge for an extended period of time as it flows around the bowl.
  • the ledges may be adapted e.g. angled along all or a portion of their lengths to allow a portion of the water flowing along each ledge to flow over the inner edge thereof so as to flow over the inner wall of the toilet bowl beneath the ledge. In effect a portion of the water directed around the inside of the bowl is permitted to flow from the ledge in a generally vertical direction down the inside surface of the bowl so as to rinse the inner surface of the bowl.
  • the water flowing from the ledge in this fashion will have a generally horizontal component of movement as it flows from the edge of the ledge and so the water will circulate around the bowl as it flows from the ledge.
  • This advantageously rinses the inner surface of the bowl as it flows around and down the bowl surface. This may be achieved by providing all or part of the ledges with a small angle away from the horizontal such that a portion of the water flows over the inner surface thereof.
  • the ledges may for example be provided with an angle of between 1 and 15 degrees to the horizontal.
  • Each ledge is provided with a first width proximate a respective inlet and a second smaller width at a distal end of the ledge.
  • the ledges may be arranged to taper from the proximate end to the distal end so that the supporting surface along which the water flows narrows around the circumference of the toilet bowl.
  • the distal ends of the ledges may meet at a point on the circumference of the toilet bowl substantially opposite the water distribution apparatus to ensure that water is communicated around the entire circumference of the bowl.
  • the ledges may be provided with a first end proximate the respective flushing water inlet having a ledge width of between 40mm and 65mm, more preferably between 50mm and 60mm and most preferably 58mm.
  • the distal end of each ledge may have a width of between 1mm and 8mm, more preferably 2mm and 5mm and most preferably 3mm. It has been established that the most preferred values optimise the creation of the flushing plume whilst optimising the cleaning action of the bowl.
  • the plume creation may also be optimised by making the inside of the bowl generally symmetrical.
  • the taper may alternatively be arranged such that the ledge terminates a part way around the circumference of the rim i.e. the ledges may taper into the bowl wall. It will be recognised that in such arrangement an increasing portion of the water flowing along each ledge will be permitted to flow into the bowl.
  • the ledges are advantageously arranged so as to direct the two opposing flows towards each other so as to collide at a position diagonally opposite to the inlet apparatus i.e. at the front of the bowl. It will be appreciated that the elevation of the collision point (relative to the height of the bowl from the floor) of the two flows is dependent on the specific configuration of the guides and the flow rate of water.
  • the configuration of the ledges is selected such that a sufficient proportion of water collides at the front of the bowl and is directed, by virtue of the momentum of water, in a general direction back across the bowl towards the back of the toilet.
  • a 'collision point' is in effect created at which the two streams meet and which creates a turbulent region of water which rebounds across the toilet bowl.
  • the inlet may, as described above, be formed in a recess in the inner wall of the bowl.
  • the recess is in effect formed of a lower surface defined by the tapered guide and an upper opposing surface which acts as a cover to prevent any spray passing from the respective water inlets over the top of the bowl as the water passes at its highest flow rate onto the ledges.
  • this surface may taper into the wall of the bowl to maximise access and visibility of the inner surface of the bowl.
  • the inner surface of the toilet bowl is also be provided with a further small orifice which is arranged in use to allow a small quantity of water to flow over the portion of the toilet bowl between the two opposing water inlets. This ensures that the entire surface of the toilet bowl receives a flow of water to provide a complete bowl surface rinse. Only a small proportion of the flushing water received by the toilet need flow over this portion of the bowl.
  • the two opposing inlets are configured to receive at least of 90 % of the water received into the toilet (45% each) with the remaining quantity passing to the rinse inlet disposed above and between the two opposing inlets.
  • the rinse inlet may be arranged at any suitable height relative to the upper surface of the toilet bowl but is preferably arranged close to the upper surface to maximise the area of the bowl over which water flows
  • a system comprising a toilet including a rimless toilet bowl, the inner surface of said bowl comprising a first and second circumferentially extending water ledge, each ledge located adjacent to a respective one of said water inlets for guiding water in a substantially horizontal direction around at least a portion of the inner circumference of the bowl, each ledge being provided with an upper surface on which the water is supported and carried and each ledge having a first width proximate a respective inlet and a second smaller width at a distal end of the ledge.
  • the bowl also comprises a third inlet arranged in use to allow a volume of flushing water which is less than the volume passing through the first and second water inlets to rinse a portion of the inner surface below said third inlet.
  • the first and second water inlets are arranged in use to direct at least 90% of the water flowing into the toilet as a pair of substantially horizontally opposing water streams from the rear of the bowl along an upwardly facing surface of each respective ledge such that the pair of water streams collide at the front of the bowl to form a generally rear-wardly directed plume of water for flushing the toilet; a water reservoir connected to said toilet for supplying flushing water to said toilet bowl; and a water distribution arrangement adjacent an inner wall of said bowl arranged to receive said flushing water and comprising two bowl inlets arranged in use to direct at least 90% of said water in horizontally opposing directions around the inner circumference of the toilet bowl,
  • the toilet according to the invention comprises a rimless toilet bowl 1 and a water reservoir (not shown) for supplying flushing water to said toilet bowl.
  • a water distribution apparatus or arrangement 3 is integrally formed with the inner wall of the toilet bowl 1. The distribution arrangement is discussed below in more detail with reference to figures 7A and 8 .
  • the water distribution apparatus 3 includes a conduit 4 for receiving water to be supplied to the toilet bowl. This is in fluid communication with the water cistern (not shown).
  • the distribution apparatus also includes two inlets to the toilet bowl 5 and 6 for supplying water to the toilet bowl from the conduit 4.
  • the inlets may be any suitable size depending on the particular water pressures and characteristics of the system into which the toilet is installed. In one example the inlets are provided with a diameter of 20 mm with a tolerance of +- 1mm.
  • the toilet bowl includes a pair of water ledges adjacent to the water distribution apparatus 3.
  • the ledges are first and second symmetrical ledges 7 and 8.
  • each ledge 7 and 8 has a proximal end adjacent a corresponding inlet 5 and 6.
  • the ledge then extends circumferentially from its corresponding inlet 5 and 6 around the inner circumference of the toilet bowl 1 to a distal end.
  • the ledges 7 and 8 extend around the circumference of the inner wall and their distal ends meet at a point which is located substantially opposite the water distribution apparatus.
  • the ledges 7 and 8 also incrementally narrow (taper) in width towards the distal end.
  • FIG. 6 An example of optimal tapering of the ledges 7 and 8 is shown in Figure 6 , where the width of proximal ends of the ledges 7 and 8 nearest the inlets 5 and 6 are approximately 58mm, and the width of the distal ends at their meeting point is narrowed to approximately 3mm.
  • the distal ends may only extend along a portion of the circumference of the inner wall and hence not meet at a common point.
  • the distance the ledge extends along the circumference may vary depending on the requirements of the system and the dimensions of the toilet bowl.
  • Figure 7A shows a cut-away of one side of the toilet and Figure 7B shows a closed cross-sectional view of the rim of the toilet through B-B shown in Figure 7A .
  • the ledge may be provided with a surface at a small angle 'a' relative to the horizontal in order to increase the flow of water running down the inner wall of the bowl during flushing and to reduce the likelihood of water remaining on the ledges after the flushing cycle is complete.
  • the angle a (shown in Figure 7B ) of incline of the ledges 7 and 8 may for example range from 1° to 15° with respect to the horizontal.
  • the angle may be higher at a portion of the ledge proximate the inlet and increase in angle along the length of each ledge.
  • the water distribution apparatus may include a portion 11 disposed between the ledges 7 and 8 which extends upwardly from the rear inner wall of the bowl. This is illustrated in Figure 7A . In effect this smooth portion is part of the chamber forming the water distribution arrangement within the toilet bowl wall.
  • a pair of sidewalls 12 and 13 each intersects the portion 11 and extend rearwardly forming the two opposing surfaces in which the water inlets 5 and 6 are disposed.
  • Figure 7A illustrates side wall 13 comprising water inlet 5.
  • portion 11 and the associated side walls are arranged such that the side walls are disposed at an angle to the vertical.
  • water issuing from the water inlet 5 is directed onto the upper surface of the water ledge 7 and subsequently along its surface.
  • Figure 8 shows one embodiment of the portion 11 and the associates dimension thereof As shown in the figure, the angle of inclination of each sidewall ranges from 7.5° to 9° with respect to the vertical.
  • the width of the section may range from 39 to 50mm at the base and from 56 to 67mm at the top.
  • the ledges 7 and 8 are also provided with upper ledges 9 and 10.
  • ledges 7 and 8 support and communicate water around the rim from their respective inlets.
  • the upper water ledges 7 and 8 provide an opposed surface forming a short channel into which water issues from the respective inlets.
  • the channel retains the water as it leaves the inlets and prevents any overflow or splash from the bowl.
  • the upper ledges 9 and 10 are arranged so as to taper into the wall of the bowl therefore maximising access and visibility of the inner surface of the bowl.
  • the portion 11 may therefore be provided with a further small rinsing aperture 14 which is in fluid communication with the chamber disposed behind the section 11 and into which water collects before passing through the inlets 5 and 6.
  • a small amount of water approximately 6.5% of the total volume of flushing water flows from the chamber through the aperture 14 and down surface of the portion 11.
  • the aperture rinses this region and also the inner wall of the toilet bowl beneath the portion 11.
  • the addition of a rinsing aperture 14 advantageously increases the total surface area of the bowl which is rinsed during flushing.
  • FIG. 7A depicts the rinsing aperture at the centre of the portion 11 toward its base, the rinsing aperture 14 may be located higher on the portion 11 to allow a greater portion of the surface area below to be rinsed.
  • the rinsing aperture may be disposed above and between the two inlets for flashing water described herein which in itself constitutes an invention.
  • the amount of surface area rinsed may alternatively or additionally be increased by the addition of a pair of mutually opposed recesses or channels located at points 15 and 16 shown in Figure 7A . These recesses are arranged to communicate a small proportion of water from each of the ledges into the region below the section 11.
  • water is supplied from the reservoir (not shown) to the conduit 4.
  • the water then passes into a chamber disposed behind the portion 11 and through the inlets 5 and 6.
  • the inlets direct substantially all of the water in horizontally opposing directions around the inner circumference of the toilet bowl 1.
  • the ledges 7 and 8 form the other half of a channel to direct the water exiting from the outlets in substantially horizontally opposing directions and prevent water flowing over the top of the toilet over the short portion of the water passage as it first enters the bowl.
  • At least a portion of the opposing streams then collide together at a portion of the inner wall of the bowl located substantially opposite the water distribution apparatus 3.
  • the specific point on the wall where the collision of the streams will occur may vary depending on the pressure applied to the water and the specifications of the toilet bowl.
  • the first and second streams form a water plume and are directed back toward the rear portion of the inner wall adjacent the water distribution apparatus 3.
  • the impact and volume is sufficient to move the water trapped in the toilet's U-bend and hence, 'flush' the toilet.
  • the dimensions shown in Figure 6 were surprisingly found to be optimum for enabling the water to flow around to the front of the bowl and form a strong plume suitable for initiating flushing of the toilet.
  • the ledges are not limited to these dimensions as many variations could also be used to create a strong plume suitable for flushing a toilet.
  • more than two water streams may be formed in each direction, however the streams will still be directed in substantially horizontally opposing directions around the inner circumference of the toilet bowl and function in the manner as described above.
  • first and second water streams Whilst a majority of the first and second water streams collide together at the front portion of the inner wall of the bowl located opposite the water distribution apparatus, a portion of the first and second streams also flow over an edge of the water guide to serve the function of rinsing a portion of the inner wall situated below. This is illustrated by the flow arrows in Figure 7A . This effect may be emphasised toward the end of the flush cycle when the inlet pressure declines and the reach of the outgoing water stream is reduced, allowing it to fall over the side of the ledge.
  • a portion of the first and second stream may flow past the distal end of its corresponding guiding ledge and rinse a portion of the inner wall situated below.
  • the aperture allows a small portion of the flushing water to rinse the area of the rear inner wall below.
  • the rinsing aperture 14 may also advantageously function as a draining aperture for draining water collected in the chamber of the water distribution apparatus during the flushing cycle. Hence, the amount of standing water left in the system after flushing may be reduced. This may be advantageous because standing water may be a potential breeding ground for germs.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Toilette, umfassend:
    eine randlose Toilettenschüssel (1);
    einen ersten und einen zweiten Wassereinlass (5, 6), wobei eine Innenfläche der Schüssel eine erste und eine zweite, um den Umfang verlaufende Wasserleiste (7, 8) umfasst, wobei jede Leiste neben einem jeweiligen der Wassereinlässe angeordnet ist und ausgelegt ist, Wasser in eine im Wesentlichen horizontale Richtung um zumindest einen Abschnitt des Innenumfangs der Schüssel zu führen, wobei jede Leiste mit einer Oberseite ausgestattet ist, auf der das Wasser gehalten und getragen wird, und wobei jede Leiste eine erste Breite neben einem jeweiligen Einlass und eine zweite, kleinere Breite an einem distalen Ende der Leiste aufweist; und
    einen dritten Einlass (14), der im Gebrauch ausgelegt ist, ein Spülwasservolumen zu gestatten, das kleiner als das Volumen ist, das durch die ersten und zweiten Wassereinlässe läuft, um einen Abschnitt der Innenseite unter dem dritten Einlass zu spülen,
    worin die ersten und zweiten Wassereinlässe im Gebrauch ausgelegt sind, mindestens 90% des in die Toilette fließenden Wassers als Paar von im Wesentlichen horizontal entgegengesetzten Wasserströmungen von der Rückseite der Schüssel entlang der Oberseite jeder jeweiligen Leiste zu leiten, so dass das Paar von Wasserströmungen an der Vorderseite der Schüssel zusammenstößt, um eine allgemein nach hinten gerichtete Wasserfontäne zum Spülen der Toilette zu bilden.
  2. Toilette nach Anspruch 1, worin jede Wasserleiste ausgelegt ist, es einem Teil des Wassers zu gestatten, über einen Rand davon zu fließen, um zumindest einen Abschnitt der Innenseite unter der Führung zu spülen.
  3. Toilette nach Anspruch 2, worin zumindest ein Abschnitt jeder Leiste in einem Winkel zur Horizontalen angeordnet ist, so dass im Gebrauch ein Teil des auf der Leiste fließenden Wassers nach innen zur Mitte der Schüssel hin fließt.
  4. Toilette nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, worin die Leisten symmetrisch um die Schüssel angeordnet sind.
  5. Toilette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, worin das Wasservolumen, das aus dem dritten Einlass austritt, ungefähr 6,5% des Wassers beträgt, das der Toilette für einen Spülzyklus zugeführt wird.
  6. Toilette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, worin der dritte Einlass über und zwischen den ersten und zweiten Wassereinlässen angeordnet ist.
  7. System umfassend: eine Toilette nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6; einen mit der Toilette verbundenen Wasserbehälter zum Zuführen von Spülwasser zu der Toilettenschüssel; und eine Wasserverteilungsanordnung neben einer Innenwand der Schüssel, die ausgelegt ist, das Spülwasser zu empfangen, und umfassend zwei Schüsseleinlässe, die im Gebrauch ausgelegt sind, mindestens 90% dieses Wassers in horizontal entgegengesetzte Richtungen um den Innenumfang der Toilettenschüssel zu leiten.
EP08788524.0A 2007-09-05 2008-09-03 Randlose toilette mit spülwasserverteilvorrichtung Active EP2203608B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0717274A GB2453319B (en) 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Rimless toilet
PCT/GB2008/002986 WO2009030904A1 (en) 2007-09-05 2008-09-03 Rimless toilet with flush water distribution apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2203608A1 EP2203608A1 (de) 2010-07-07
EP2203608B1 true EP2203608B1 (de) 2016-02-17

Family

ID=38640285

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08788524.0A Active EP2203608B1 (de) 2007-09-05 2008-09-03 Randlose toilette mit spülwasserverteilvorrichtung

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20120210505A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2203608B1 (de)
KR (1) KR20100049597A (de)
CN (1) CN101835945B (de)
DK (1) DK2203608T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2569500T3 (de)
GB (1) GB2453319B (de)
WO (1) WO2009030904A1 (de)

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EP3486384A1 (de) 2017-11-17 2019-05-22 Villeroy & Boch AG Spültoilette
EP4105401A1 (de) 2021-06-16 2022-12-21 Georg Kantor Spülrandloser sanitärgegenstand und verfahren zum spülen eines solchen

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EP2602391B1 (de) * 2011-12-05 2014-09-03 KERAMAG Keramische Werke Aktiengesellschaft Toilettenbecken
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CN101835945A (zh) 2010-09-15
ES2569500T3 (es) 2016-05-11
GB2453319B (en) 2011-09-21
EP2203608A1 (de) 2010-07-07
WO2009030904A1 (en) 2009-03-12
US20120210505A1 (en) 2012-08-23
DK2203608T3 (en) 2016-05-09
KR20100049597A (ko) 2010-05-12
GB2453319A (en) 2009-04-08
GB0717274D0 (en) 2007-10-17
CN101835945B (zh) 2014-04-23

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