EP2171729B1 - Procédé pour produire un noyau magnétique - Google Patents

Procédé pour produire un noyau magnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2171729B1
EP2171729B1 EP08784857A EP08784857A EP2171729B1 EP 2171729 B1 EP2171729 B1 EP 2171729B1 EP 08784857 A EP08784857 A EP 08784857A EP 08784857 A EP08784857 A EP 08784857A EP 2171729 B1 EP2171729 B1 EP 2171729B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic core
sensitive adhesive
pressure sensitive
adhesive
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08784857A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2171729A1 (fr
Inventor
Joerg Petzold
Markus Brunner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2171729A1 publication Critical patent/EP2171729A1/fr
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Publication of EP2171729B1 publication Critical patent/EP2171729B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/26—Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H01F27/266—Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15333—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing nanocrystallites, e.g. obtained by annealing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/25—Magnetic cores made from strips or ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/04—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from strips or ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0213—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
    • H01F38/30—Constructions
    • H01F2038/305—Constructions with toroidal magnetic core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
    • Y10T29/49075—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor including permanent magnet or core

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a magnetic core according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a method is for example from the EP 0794 541 A known.
  • Magnet cores which are formed from a spirally wound metal strip, so-called ring band cores, are used, for example, in current transformers, power transformers, current-compensated radio interference suppression chokes, starting current limiters, storage chokes, single-ended chokes, transductor chokes and total or differential current transformers for RCCBs.
  • Residual current transformer for AC-sensitive residual current circuit breaker for example, must provide a secondary voltage that is at least sufficient to trigger the magnetic system of the trip relay, which is responsible for the shutdown. Since the most space-saving design of the current transformer is desired, a material for the magnetic core is needed, which in addition to a high induction at the typical operating frequency of 50 Hz above all a maximum permeability ⁇ r has.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for producing a magnetic core, wherein the magnetic core is effectively protected from outside introduced mechanical stresses and thus permanently has good magnetic properties.
  • such a magnetic core may be made of a spirally wound soft magnetic ribbon having a top surface and a bottom surface, the top surface and bottom surface being formed by side surfaces of the soft magnetic ribbon.
  • the magnetic core can be fixed in a protective housing and for fixing the magnetic core, a pressure-sensitive adhesive can be provided between the underside of the magnetic core and a housing inner wall.
  • a fixation of the magnetic core in the protective housing can be achieved, which is at the same time elastic enough to compensate for stresses.
  • the penetration of the adhesive between the band layers can be reduced to a minimum, the connection of the magnetic core to the housing taking place almost exclusively via the adhesion of the adhesive to the side surfaces of the individual band layers.
  • Suitable pressure-sensitive adhesives are, for example, flexible, thermoplastic PSAs.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive comprises an acrylate polymer.
  • PSAs such as based on rubber, polyvinyl esters, polybutadiene or polyurethane
  • those based on acrylate polymers have the advantage that they allow the formulation of particularly resistant adhesives.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive has an elongation at break ⁇ R with ⁇ R > 250%, preferably> 450%, more preferably> 600%.
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive is sufficiently elastic to prevent unwanted power transmission between the housing and the magnetic core fixed therein.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive advantageously has a glass transition temperature T g with T G ⁇ 0 ° C; better T G ⁇ -20 ° C; better T G ⁇ -30 ° C and a melting temperature T x with T s > 180 ° C.
  • the penetration depth t of the pressure-sensitive adhesive between the tape layers of the magnetic core is, for example, t ⁇ 2 mm, preferably t ⁇ 0.5 mm and even more preferably t ⁇ 0.01 mm.
  • the finished magnetic core so the magnetic core after completion of the heat treatment, a nanocrystalline soft magnetic tape on.
  • amorphous or crystalline bands are also conceivable.
  • cobalt may be wholly or partially replaced by nickel.
  • the magnetic core has a saturation magnetostriction constant ⁇ s of ⁇ s ⁇ 15 ppm.
  • the ratio of remanent induction to saturation induction B R / B S of the magnetic core is advantageously B R / B S > 45% and the maximum permeability ⁇ max > 250,000, for example after a magnetic field-free heat treatment for nanocrystallization.
  • the magnetic core has, for example, a ratio of remanent induction to saturation induction B R / B s of B R / B s > 50% and a maximum permeability ⁇ max of ⁇ max > 150,000.
  • a method of manufacturing a magnetic core comprises the steps of first providing a magnetic core wound with a soft magnetic ribbon having a top surface and a bottom surface, the top and bottom surfaces being formed by side surfaces of the soft magnetic ribbon. Furthermore, a protective housing for receiving the magnetic core is provided. On a housing inner wall, a pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive forms a film on its surface. After forming the film, the magnetic core is inserted into the protective case, and the lower surface of the magnetic core is brought into contact with and adhered to the pressure sensitive adhesive.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied to the housing inner wall as an aqueous dispersion.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied as an organic solution.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive when the magnetic core is inserted into the protective housing under the film, the pressure-sensitive adhesive has not yet set on its surface.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive has a viscosity v with v ⁇ 20 Pa ⁇ s when inserting the magnetic core into the protective housing, it is ensured that the film on the surface is strong enough on the one hand to rupture the film between the adhesive layers
  • the remaining, still liquid dispersion amount allows deformation of the drop of adhesive under the weight of the magnetic core and a tension-free sinking of the magnetic core in the adhesive.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive After application of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is advantageously subjected to drying by hot air or infrared or other heat-generating radiation, wherein the film formation begins at the adhesive surface.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive when the magnetic core is inserted into the protective housing, has a solids content of more than 30% by weight and a minimum film formation temperature T F with T F ⁇ 0 ° C.
  • the magnetic core is typically subjected to a heat treatment prior to insertion into the protective housing.
  • a heat treatment on the one hand mechanical stresses resulting from the winding of the magnetic core can be reduced.
  • a nanocrystalline or crystalline structure can be set in the originally amorphous ribbon.
  • the heat treatment is advantageously carried out at a temperature T of 505 ° C ⁇ T ⁇ 600 ° C.
  • to set a nanocrystalline structure are also slightly lower temperatures of 480 ° C, for example.
  • the heat treatment is performed field-free in the absence of a magnetic field.
  • the magnetic core may also be exposed during the heat treatment to a magnetic field of a certain direction (eg transverse or longitudinal field) and strength.
  • the magnetic core according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a residual current circuit breaker, since it provides a sufficiently high secondary voltage due to its high permeability, sufficient to trigger the magnetic system of the trip relay, which is responsible for the shutdown. Also applications, eg. As a current transformer, transformer or chokes with different hysteresis are conceivable.
  • the magnetic core 1 according to FIG. 1 is designed as a ring band core and wound from a soft magnetic tape. It has a number of band layers 2, which are separated from each other by gaps 3. The end faces 14 and 15 of the band layers 2 form an upper side 4 and a lower side 5 of the magnetic core 1.
  • the magnetic core 1 is embedded in a protective housing 6, which consists in the embodiment shown of an inner protective trough 7, which is placed over the magnetic core 1, and a protective trough 7 receiving the upper shell 9 and lower shell 8.
  • the magnetic core 1 is protected by the protective housing against external influences that could introduce mechanical tension into the tape layers 2.
  • the upper shell 9 can also be designed as a flat lid.
  • the magnetic core 1 is fixed in the protective housing 6 by means of a layer of a pressure-sensitive adhesive 11.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive 11 is arranged on a housing inner wall 10 and has a permanently tacky surface 12, with which the end faces 15 of the tape layers 2 are in adhesive contact on the underside 5 of the magnetic core.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive 11 does not penetrate or only very slightly penetrates into the lower region 13 of the intermediate spaces 3. It is also elastic enough so that the transmission of tensile stress caused by the pressure-sensitive adhesive 11 on the tape layers 2 is reliably prevented.
  • only the underside 5 of the magnetic core 1 is fixed to a housing inner wall 10 by a single adhesive layer.
  • an amount of adhesive of 2 drops with a mean diameter of about 1.5 to 3 mm with a dependent on the solids content of the adhesive mass of the drops of at least 0.05 to 0.3 g is sufficient .
  • typical magnetic cores can thus produce a glue point, not as in FIG. 1 shown covering the entire bottom 5 of the magnetic core 1.
  • the glue point then has an area of at least 15 mm 2 and it is possible to achieve adhesive strengths of more than 0.3 N / mm 2 , which is sufficient for typical masses of the magnetic core of about 10 to 30 g.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 show the improvement achieved by the fixation of the magnetic properties of the magnetic core according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the influence of insufficient mechanical stabilization in magnetic cores with non-disappearing magnetostriction according to the prior art.
  • highly permeable magnetic cores of rapidly solidified nanocrystalline alloys with non-vanishing magnetostriction between two punching disks of a very soft, open-cell foam such as polyurethane foam were stored in a plastic housing.
  • the thus protected magnetic cores were dropped from a height of about 10 cm on a hard surface.
  • the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic cores such as their permeability at a given field strength such as in R.Boll: "Soft Magnetic Materials", 4th edition, p. 140 et seq.
  • each magnetic core was turned and dropped with its opposite end face from a height of about 10 cm on the hard surface. Its magnetic characteristics were redetermined and this drop test was repeated several times.
  • FIG. 2 As a result of this drop test, the measured permeability numbers are plotted against the number of drops. As in FIG. 2 As can be seen, the permeability numbers of the magnetic cores change with the falling events in an unpredictable manner. This can be explained by the fact that the falling or striking of the embedded magnetic core due to the insufficient stabilization by the foam blanking discs leads to an axial displacement of individual tape layers or tape layer packages. This mechanical deformation of the magnetic core along its longitudinal axis changes the mechanical stress state of the individual tape layers and leads to the observed changes in the permeability number.
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the influence of a fixation of the magnetic core with a silicone rubber adhesive according to the prior art. These were highly permeable magnetic cores after in the EP 0 509 936 B1 described method by means of a soft elastic silicone adhesive by a plurality of adhesive dots connected to the plastic housing. As in FIG. 3 Obviously, the adhesive causes a deterioration in the magnetic properties of the magnetic cores, in particular a reduction in the permeability number.
  • the cause of the undesirable reduction in the permeability number is presumably that the adhesives used in the non-crosslinked state have typical viscosities between 2 Pa.s and 200 Pa.s and the time until the onset of curing of the adhesive by moisture absorption between 30 and 120 minutes lies.
  • an adhesive penetrates between individual band layers of the magnetic core, on the one hand as a result of capillary forces, and on the other hand due to sinking of the magnetic core under its own weight.
  • the magnetic cores according to FIG. 3 had relatively high band-fill factors of 83.4% and thus low shape errors and a relatively low saturation magnetostriction ⁇ s of 2.2 ppm. Nevertheless, the reduction in permeability was about 50%. Such influence by the adhesive is on the one hand undesirably large and on the other hand, as also in FIG. 3 recognizable, not calculable in their concrete amount.
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the influence of a fixation of the magnetic core of the invention with an acrylate adhesive. This was like the case FIG. 3 described test highly permeable magnetic cores according to an embodiment of the invention with an acrylate adhesive in a plastic housing glued using an aqueous pure acrylate dispersion was used.
  • the nanocrystalline alloy cores to be fixed of composition Fe Residual Co 0.11 Ni 0.05 Cu 0.97 Nb 2.63 Si 13.1 B 7.8 C 0.18 with the dimensions 18.5 mm x 13, 5 mm x 12 mm were subjected to a heat treatment in a continuous furnace at 538 ° C for one hour Hydrogen atmosphere exposed and then, as shown in Figure 1, embedded in a plastic housing.
  • the saturation magnetostriction ⁇ s was not particularly low at 4.3 ppm, the irreversible deterioration between the unfixed cores (core numbers 1 to 64) and the fixed cores (core numbers 65 to 130) was significantly lower than about 12% due to mechanical stresses in magnetic cores of the prior art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé d'obtention d'un noyau magnétique (1) comportant les étapes consistant à :
    - se procurer un noyau magnétique (1) obtenu par enroulement d'une bande magnétique douce ayant une face supérieure (4) et une face inférieure (5), cette face supérieure (4) et cette face inférieure (5) étant formées par les surfaces latérales (16) de la bande magnétique douce,
    - se procurer un boitier de protection (6) destiné à recevoir le noyau magnétique (1),
    - appliquer un adhésif sur la paroi interne (10) du boitier,
    - insérer le noyau magnétique (1) dans le boitier de protection (6), la face inférieure (5) du noyau magnétique (1) étant mise en contact avec l'adhésif et adhérant sur celui-ci,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'adhésif est une masse auto-adhésive (11), et
    la masse auto-adhésive (11) forme un film sur sa surface (12).
  2. Procédé conforme à la revendication 1,
    selon lequel
    on utilise un polymère acrylique en tant que masse auto-adhésive (11).
  3. Procédé conforme à la revendication 1 ou 2, selon lequel on applique la masse auto-adhésive (11) sur la paroi interne du boitier (10) sous la forme d'une dispersion aqueuse ou d'une solution organique.
  4. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 3, selon lequel la masse auto-adhésive (11) présente une viscosité u lors de l'insertion du noyau magnétique (1) dans le boitier de protection (6), étant précisé que u < 20 Pa.s.
  5. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 4, selon lequel la masse auto-adhésive (11) présente une teneur en solides supérieure à 30 % en poids lors de l'insertion du noyau magnétique (1) dans le boitier de protection (6).
  6. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la masse auto-adhésive (11) présente une température TF de formation d'un film minimum, étant précisé que TF > 0 °C.
  7. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    selon lequel
    la masse auto-adhésive (11) présente une élongation à la rupture εR étant précisé que εR > 600 %.
  8. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 7, selon lequel la masse auto-adhésive (11) présente une température de transition vitreuse Tg < - 30 °C.
  9. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 7, selon lequel la masse auto-adhésive (11) présente une température de fusion TS > 180 °C.
  10. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 9, selon lequel la masse auto-adhésive (11) pénètre entre les couches de bande (2) du noyau magnétique (1) jusqu'à une profondeur de pénétration t < 2 mm, t < 0,5 mm ou t < 0,01 mm.
  11. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 10, selon lequel après son application sur la paroi interne du boitier (10), la masse auto-adhésive (11) est soumise à un séchage par de l'air chaud ou à un séchage par infrarouges.
  12. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 11, selon lequel lors de l'insertion du noyau magnétique (1) dans le boitier de protection (6) la masse auto-adhésive (11) n'est pas encore prise sous le film présent sur sa surface (12).
  13. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 12, selon lequel avant son insertion dans le boitier de protection (6) le noyau magnétique (1) est soumis un traitement thermique, ce traitement thermique étant de préférence mis en oeuvre à champ nul, en l'absence d'un champ magnétique.
  14. Procédé conforme à la revendication 13, selon lequel le traitement thermique est mis en oeuvre à une température T, étant précisé que 505 °C ≤ T ≤ 600 °C.
  15. Procédé conforme à la revendication 14, selon lequel le traitement thermique est totalement ou temporairement mis en oeuvre dans un champ magnétique.
EP08784857A 2007-07-24 2008-07-17 Procédé pour produire un noyau magnétique Active EP2171729B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007034532A DE102007034532A1 (de) 2007-07-24 2007-07-24 Magnetkern, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie Fehlerstromschutzschalter
PCT/EP2008/005877 WO2009012938A1 (fr) 2007-07-24 2008-07-17 Noyau magnétique, procédé pour le produire et interrupteur de protection contre les courants de court-circuit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2171729A1 EP2171729A1 (fr) 2010-04-07
EP2171729B1 true EP2171729B1 (fr) 2012-09-05

Family

ID=39967137

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08784857A Active EP2171729B1 (fr) 2007-07-24 2008-07-17 Procédé pour produire un noyau magnétique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8344830B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2171729B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007034532A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2394198T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009012938A1 (fr)

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DE102006028389A1 (de) * 2006-06-19 2007-12-27 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Magnetkern und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE102007034925A1 (de) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnetkernen, Magnetkern und induktives Bauelement mit einem Magnetkern
JP5671616B2 (ja) * 2010-08-03 2015-02-18 アルストム テクノロジー リミテッドＡＬＳＴＯＭ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｌｔｄ コア
EP2416329B1 (fr) * 2010-08-06 2016-04-06 Vaccumschmelze Gmbh & Co. KG Noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence et procédé de fabrication d'un noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence
DE102015210854A1 (de) 2015-06-12 2016-12-15 Würth Elektronik eiSos Gmbh & Co. KG Magnetkern-Gehäuse-Anordnung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Magnetkern-Gehäuse-Anordnung
EP3588518B1 (fr) * 2017-02-22 2021-06-16 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Unité de noyau magnétique, transformateur de courant et leur procédé de fabrication

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8344830B2 (en) 2013-01-01
US20100265016A1 (en) 2010-10-21
EP2171729A1 (fr) 2010-04-07
ES2394198T3 (es) 2013-01-23
WO2009012938A1 (fr) 2009-01-29
DE102007034532A1 (de) 2009-02-05

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