EP2171136A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung von nano- und mesofasern durch elektrospinnen von kolloidalen dispersionen, enthaltend mindestens ein im wesentlichen wasserunlösliches polymer - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von nano- und mesofasern durch elektrospinnen von kolloidalen dispersionen, enthaltend mindestens ein im wesentlichen wasserunlösliches polymerInfo
- Publication number
- EP2171136A2 EP2171136A2 EP08786037A EP08786037A EP2171136A2 EP 2171136 A2 EP2171136 A2 EP 2171136A2 EP 08786037 A EP08786037 A EP 08786037A EP 08786037 A EP08786037 A EP 08786037A EP 2171136 A2 EP2171136 A2 EP 2171136A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- copolymers
- polymer
- water
- polymers
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/30—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds comprising olefins as the major constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/36—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds comprising unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated organic esters as the major constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/52—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated esters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/298—Physical dimension
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of polymer fibers, in particular of nano- and mesofibers, in which a colloidal dispersion of at least one essentially water-insoluble polymer is electrospun in an aqueous medium, and fibers obtainable by this process, textile fabrics comprising the fibers according to the invention , and the use of the fibers according to the invention and the textile fabrics according to the invention.
- a polymer melt or a polymer solution is usually exposed to a high electric field at an edge serving as an electrode, which can be achieved, for example, by passing the polymer melt or polymer solution under low pressure through an electric field Due to the resulting electrostatic charging of the polymer melt or polymer solution, a flow of material directed towards the counterelectrode, which solidifies on the way to the counterelectrode, is produced With this method, nonwovens or s Obtained nonwovens or ensembles of ordered fibers.
- DE-A1-101 33 393 discloses a process for the production of hollow fibers with an inner diameter of 1 to 100 nm, in which a solution of a water-insoluble polymer - for example a poly-L-lactide solution in dichloromethane or a polyamide 46 solution in pyridine - electrospun.
- a solution of a water-insoluble polymer - for example a poly-L-lactide solution in dichloromethane or a polyamide 46 solution in pyridine - electrospun.
- a similar method is also known from WO-A1-01 / 09414 and DE-A1-103 55 665.
- DE-A1-196 00 162 discloses a process for the production of lawn mower wire or textile fabrics in which polyamide, polyester or polypropylene as a thread-forming polymer, a maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene / polypropylene rubber and one or more aging stabilizers are melted together and mixed together before melt-spinning this melt.
- DE-A1-10 2004 009 887 relates to a process for producing fibers with a diameter of ⁇ 50 ⁇ m by electrostatic spinning or spraying a melt of at least one thermoplastic polymer.
- the electrospinning of polymer melts allows only fibers with diameters greater than 1 ⁇ m to be produced.
- nano- and / or mesofibres are required with a diameter of less than 1 micron, which can be prepared by the known electrospinning only by using polymer solutions.
- WO 2004/080681 A1 relates to devices and methods for the electrostatic processing of polymer formulations.
- the polymer formulations may be solutions, dispersions, suspensions, emulsions, mixtures thereof or polymer melts.
- electrospinning is mentioned, among others.
- no concrete polymer formulations which are suitable for electrospinning are mentioned.
- WO 2004/048644 A2 discloses the electrosynthesis of nanofibers and nano-composite films.
- solutions of suitable starting substances are used.
- the term "solutions” also encompasses heterogeneous mixtures such as suspensions or dispersions, inter alia, fibers from electrically conductive polymers can be prepared according to WO 2004/048644 A2, which according to WO 2004/048644 A2 are preferably obtained from the corresponding monomers Get solutions.
- WO 2006 / 089522A1 relates to a process for producing polymer fibers, wherein a colloidal dispersion of at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer is electrospun in an aqueous medium.
- a latex is prepared from a partially crosslinked poly (n-butyl acrylate) having a glass transition temperature of -43 ° C. (according to Polymer Handbook (4th Edition), Edited by: Brandrup, J., Immergut, Edmund H. ; Grul- ke, Eric a .; Abe, Akihiro; Bloch, Daniel R. ⁇ 1999; 2005 John Wiley & Sons) electrospun at a temperature of 20 0C.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a process for the electrospinning of aqueous polymer dispersions, with which polymer fibers having structural and / or mechanical properties optimized with respect to the polymer fibers disclosed in WO 2006 / 089522A1 can be obtained.
- the object is achieved by the provision of a method for the production of polymer fibers, in which a colloidal dispersion of a substantially water-insoluble polymer in an aqueous medium at 5 to 90 is electrospun at least 0C.
- the inventive method is then characterized in that the at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer has a glass transition temperature T 9 , measured by DSC, which is in a range of not more than 15 ° C above to 15 ° C below the process temperature.
- fibers with a high water resistance can be obtained, which are characterized by a good mechanical stability. It is possible to produce nano- and mesofibers with a diameter of less than 1 .mu.m from aqueous dispersions with the method according to the invention, so that the use of non-aqueous toxic, combustible, irritating, explosive and / or corrosive solvents can be avoided. Since the fibers produced by the process according to the invention consist essentially of water-insoluble Chen polymers are constructed, a subsequent process step for water stabilization of the fibers is not required.
- a colloidal dispersion of at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer is electrospun in an aqueous medium.
- substantially water-insoluble polymers are, for the purposes of the present invention, in particular polymers having a solubility in water of less than 0.1% by weight.
- a dispersion in the sense of the present invention in accordance with textbook knowledge, denotes a mixture of at least two immiscible phases, one of the at least two phases being liquid.
- dispersions are subdivided into aerosols, emulsions and suspensions, the second or further phase being gaseous in the case of aerosols, liquid in the case of emulsions and solid in the case of suspensions.
- Suspensions are preferably used in the process according to the invention.
- the colloidal polymer dispersions preferably used according to the invention are also referred to in the technical language as latex.
- the glass transition temperature T 9 is the temperature at which completely or partially amorphous polymers change from the liquid or rubber-elastic, flexible state to the glassy or hard-elastic, brittle state. It is an important parameter for plastics and is specific to each plastic.
- the measurement of the glass transition temperature T 9 may, for. B. by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) or dilatometry done.
- DMA Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
- DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
- the values for the glass transition temperatures of various polymers given in the present application were given to the Polymer Handbook (4th Edition), Edited by: Brandrup, J .; Immergut, Edmund H .; Grulke, Eric A .; Abe, Akihiro; Bloch, Daniel R. ⁇ 1999; 2005 John Wiley & Sons or - unless they are mentioned in the Polymer Handbook - determined by DSC (DIN 53765, ISO 11357-2).
- the at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer has a glass transition temperature T 9 which ranges from a maximum of 15 ° C to a maximum of 15 ° C below the process temperature, preferably in a range of not more than 10 0 C above 10 0 C is below the process temperature, particularly preferably in a range from a maximum of 5 ° above to a maximum of 5 ° C below the process temperature.
- polymer fibers having excellent properties are obtained by the method of the present invention because the processing temperature of the polymers is in the range of the film-forming temperature (MFFT) of the polymers.
- MFFT film-forming temperature
- the film-forming temperature is generally about equal to or slightly below T 9 (Emulsion Polymerization and emulsion polymers, Edited by P. Lovell, M. El-Aasser, J. Wiley, 1997, Waterbased acrylates for decorative coatings, Authors M. Schwartz, R. Baumstark, 2001)).
- At least one essentially water-insoluble polymer is understood as meaning both individual homopolymers and copolymers as well as mixtures of different homopolymers or copolymers.
- the expression "at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer” also refers to polymer blends which contain, in addition to the at least one homo- or copolymer, eg a plasticizer Suitable plasticizers are generally dependent on the homopolymer or copolymer used, for example phthalic acid esters, polyvinyl alcohols or aliphatic polyethers Basically, the person skilled in the art knows which plasticizers are suitable for which polymers or polymer blends.
- the method according to the invention is thus at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer having a glass transition temperature T 9 in a range of at least -10 0 C and at most 105 0 C, preferably from at least -5 ° C and at most 100 0 C, particularly preferred of at least 0 ° C. and not more than 95 ° C., whereby the glass transition temperature T 9 for the purposes of the present application is understood to be the actual glass transition temperature of the corresponding polymer or a glass transition temperature of a corresponding polymer reduced by the use of a plasticizer.
- the inventive method is carried out at a temperature of 5 to 90 0 C.
- Electrospinning process according to the invention is preferably carried out at a temperature of 10 to 70 0 C, particularly preferably at 15 to 50 ° C.
- the process temperature depends, inter alia, on the essentially water-insoluble polymer used, since the essentially water-insoluble polymer has a glass transition temperature T 9 in the range from a maximum of 15 ° C. above to a maximum of 15 ° C. below the process temperature.
- the process temperature is to be understood as meaning the ambient temperature during the electrospinning process between the spinning source and the counterelectrode.
- the spinning source may be e.g. to act as a cannula (e.g., a needle) or roller.
- the colloidal polymer dispersions used according to the invention can be prepared by all processes known to the person skilled in the art for this purpose.
- the colloidal dispersions are prepared by emulsion polymerization of suitable monomers to give the corresponding latices.
- the latex obtained by emulsion polymerization is used directly in the process of the invention without further workup.
- colloidal polymer dispersions z.
- secondary dispersions are used. These are prepared from polymers already prepared by dispersing in an aqueous medium. In this way, for. As dispersions of polyethylene or polyesters can be produced.
- the aqueous medium in which the substantially water-insoluble polymer is present is generally water.
- the aqueous medium may contain other additives in addition to water, eg. B. additives used in the emulsion polymerization of suitable monomers to produce a latex. Suitable additives are known in the art.
- Suitable substantially water-insoluble polymers are, for. B. selected from the group consisting of homopolymers and copolymers of aromatic vinyl compounds, homopolymers and copolymers of alkyl acrylates, homopolymers and copolymers of alkyl methacrylates, homopolymers and copolymers of ⁇ -olefins, homopolymers and copolymers of aliphatic dienes , Homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl halides, homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl acetates, homo- and copolymers of Acrylonitriles, homopolymers and copolymers of urethanes, homopolymers and copolymers of vinylamides and copolymers composed of two or more of the monomer units forming the abovementioned polymers.
- Suitable homo- and copolymers of aromatic vinyl compounds are homopolymers and copolymers based on poly (alkyl) styrenes, z.
- Suitable polyalkyl acrylates are, for. B. polyalkyl acrylates based on iso-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate. If copolymers containing polyalkyl acrylates are used, further suitable are methyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate.
- Suitable poly (alkyl) methacrylates are, for. B. polyalkyl methacrylates based on n-butyl methacrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, i-propyl methacrylate, n-pentyl methacrylate. If copolymers are used which contain poly (alkyl) methacrylates, z. As hydroxypropyl methacrylate suitable.
- Suitable homopolymers and copolymers of ⁇ -olefins are, for. As polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (ethylene / propylene) (EPDM) and olefin / vinyl acetate copolymers, for. Ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, and olefin / acrylate copolymers, e.g. B. ethylene / acrylate copolymers.
- Suitable homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl halides are, for.
- polyvinyl chloride polytrichlorethylene, polytrifluoroethylene or polyvinyl fluoride.
- homopolymers and copolymers are homo- and copolymers based on melamine-containing compounds, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene or vinyl alcohols (insofar as they are essentially water-insoluble and have a T 9 in the range according to the invention).
- copolymers of acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl alcohols, polyalcohols and / or vinylaromatics with acrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, methacrylic acid and / or itaconic acid can be used (provided they are essentially water-insoluble and have a T 9 in the range according to the invention).
- the glass transition temperature of polymers can be found in textbooks or handbooks known to those skilled in the art (for example, Polymer Handbook (4th Edition), Edited by: Brandrup, J., Immergut, Edmund H., Grulke, Eric A., Abe, Akihiro, Bloch, Daniel R. ⁇ 1999; 2005 John Wiley & Sons).
- the glass transition temperature of random copolymers or homogeneous mixtures of different polymers can be determined with knowledge of the glass transition temperatures of the respective homopolymers (which can be found in appropriate textbooks) according to the following Fox formula known to those skilled in the art (TG Fox, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc, 1, 123 (1956):
- T g 1, T g 2, T g n glass transition temperatures in Kelvin of the respective homopolymers of the monomers n
- the at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, poly- ⁇ -methylstyrene, styrene / alkyl acrylate copolymers, in particular styrene / n-butyl acrylate copolymers, styrene / alkyl methacrylate copolymers, ⁇ - Methylstyrene / alkyl acrylate copolymers, ⁇ -methylstyrene / alkyl methacrylate copolymers, poly (alkyl) methacrylates, polyethylene, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene / acrylate copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, polyalkyl nitrile and polyvinyl acetate, polyurethanes, styrene-butadiene copolymers and Styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers
- the at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer selected from styrene / alkyl acrylate copolymers, in particular styrene / n-butyl acrylate copolymers, and styrene / alkyl methacrylate copolymers.
- Suitable alkyl acrylates used in the styrene / alkyl acrylate copolymers are e.g. N-butyl acrylate, iso-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, methyl acrylate and n-propyl acrylate, with n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate and 2- Ethylhexyl acrylate are preferred.
- Suitable alkyl methacrylates used in the styrene / alkyl methacrylate copolymers are e.g. B. n-butyl methacrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, hydroxymethacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, n-propyl acrylate, i-propyl acrylate and n-pentyl methacrylate, preferably n-butyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate.
- the proportion of the various monomer units in the abovementioned copolymers is variable (and depends on the desired glass transition temperature).
- the proportion of styrene in the copolymers is generally from 30 to 100% by weight, preferably from 40 to 95% by weight, and the proportion of n-butyl acrylate is from 0 to 70% by weight.
- % preferably from 5 to 60% by weight, the total sum of styrene and alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate being 100% by weight.
- substantially water-insoluble polymers are commercially available or can be prepared according to processes known to those skilled in the art.
- essentially water-insoluble polymers are used, which are prepared by emulsion polymerization.
- the polymer latex obtained in the emulsion polymerization can be used directly in the electrospinning process according to the invention as a colloidal dispersion.
- the at least one essentially water-insoluble polymer can be used in uncrosslinked, partially crosslinked or completely crosslinked form in the colloidal dispersion, provided that its solubility in water is less than 0.1% by weight.
- the at least one essentially water-insoluble polymer used in the colloidal dispersion in the process according to the invention is partially or completely crosslinked, the crosslinking taking place by intraparticulate crosslinking.
- Intraparticular crosslinking of the at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer is generally accomplished by adding at least one crosslinker (crosslinking monomer) during preparation of the substantially water-insoluble polymer by polymerization of the corresponding monomers to the monomer mixture.
- crosslinkers crosslinking monomer
- Suitable crosslinkers and suitable amounts of crosslinker are known in the art and z. In emulsion polymerization and emulsion polymers, Edited by. Lovell, M. El-Aasser, J. Wiley, 1997.
- Suitable crosslinkers are generally monomers which contain two, optionally also three or more, copolymerizable ethylenic double bonds which are not conjugated in the 1, 3-positions.
- Suitable crosslinkers are compounds having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, such as diacrylates or dimethacrylates of at least dihydric saturated alcohols, such as.
- ethylene glycol diacrylate ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1, 2-propylene glycol diacrylate, 1, 2- Propylene glycol dimethacrylate, butanediol-1,4-diacrylate, butanediol-1,4-dimethacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, neopentylglycoldimethacrylate, 3-methylpentanediol diacrylate and 3-methylpentanediol dimethacrylate.
- the acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters of alcohols having more than 2 OH groups can also be used as crosslinking agents, eg. Trimethylolpropane triacrylate or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.
- Another class of crosslinkers are diacrylates or dimethacrylates of polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols having molecular weights of from 200 to 9,000, respectively.
- oligomers of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide are suitable for the preparation of crosslinking agents, for.
- Diethylenglykoldi- acrylate diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, Triehtylenglykoldi- methacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate and / or tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
- crosslinking agents are vinyl acrylate, vinyl methacrylate, vinyl itaconate, divinyl divinyl ether, butanediol divinyl ether, trimethylolpropane trivinyl ether, allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, pentaerythritol triallyl ether, triallyl sucrose, pentaallylsucrose, methylenebis (meth) acrylamide, divinylethyleneurea, divinylpropyleneurea, divinylbenzene, divinyldioxane, triallylcyanourate, tetraallylsilane , Tetravinyl silane and bis- or polyacrylic siloxanes (eg Tegomere® from Th. Goldschmidt AG).
- Preferred crosslinkers are for.
- B. divinyl compounds such as divinyl benzene, diallyl and triallyl compounds such as diallyl maleate, diallyl fumarate, diallyl phthalate, trialyl cyanurate or triallyl isocyanurate, polyallyl compounds such as polyallyl methacrylate, allyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, dihydrodicyclopentadienyl acrylate (DCPA), divinyl esters of dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid and adipic acid, diallyl and divinyl ethers of functional alcohols such as ethylene glycol and butane-1, 4-diol such as Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate.
- the acrylic acid ester of tricyclodecenyl alcohol is suitable as a crosslinker (see DE-A 12 60 135).
- the amount of suitable crosslinker is generally 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 10 wt .-%.
- the resulting polymer may be fully crosslinked, that is, all (100%) of the crosslinkable groups of the polymer are crosslinked, or partially crosslinked, ie, only a few 50 to 100%, preferably 60 to 98%) of the polymer suitable for crosslinking are networked.
- Particularly good results are obtained in the process according to the invention with colloidal polymer suspensions, wherein the average weight-average particle diameter of the at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer is generally from 1 nm to 2.5 ⁇ m, preferably from 10 nm to 1.2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 15 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the average weight-average particle diameter of emulsion-produced latex particles which are used in a preferred embodiment in the method according to the invention is generally from 30 nm to 2.5 microns, preferably from 50 nm to 1, 2 microns (determined according to W. Scholtan and H. Lange in Kolloid Z. and Polymers 250 (1972), pp. 782-796 by means of ultracentrifuge).
- Very particular preference is given to using colloidal polymer suspensions, in particular latexes, in which the polymer particles have a weight-average particle diameter of 20 nm to 500 nm, in particular very particularly preferably 30 nm to 250 nm.
- the colloidal suspension preferably used according to the invention may have particles with monomodal particle size distribution of the polymer particles or with bimodal or polymodal particle size distribution.
- mono-, bi- and polymodal particle size distribution are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the latex particles can be arranged in any manner known to the person skilled in the art. For example, only particles with gradient structure, core-shell structure, salami structure, multi-core structure, multi-layer structure and raspberry morphology may be mentioned.
- latex also means the mixture of two or more latices.
- the preparation of the mixture can be carried out by any known method, e.g. by mixing two latices at any time prior to spinning.
- the colloidal dispersion in addition to the at least one water-insoluble polymer, additionally contains at least one water-soluble polymer, wherein water-soluble polymer in the sense of the present invention means a polymer having a solubility in water of at least 0.1% by weight becomes.
- the at least one water-soluble polymer which is preferably additionally present in the colloidal dispersions can serve as a template polymer.
- the template polymer serves as a kind of "thickener” for the essentially water-insoluble polymers of the colloidal dispersion.
- water-insoluble polymer fibers in particular nano- and microfibers, are obtained, without disintegration of the polymer fibers.
- the water-soluble polymer may be a homopolymer, copolymer, block polymer, graft copolymer, star polymer, hyperbranched polymer, dendrimer, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing types of polymers. According to the findings of the present invention, the addition of at least one water-soluble polymer not only accelerates / promotes fiber formation. Rather, the quality of the resulting fibers is significantly improved.
- the water-soluble polymers known to those skilled in the art may be added to the colloidal dispersion of at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer in an aqueous medium, in particular with polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylformamide, polyvinylamine, polycarboxylic acid (polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid), polyacrylamide, polyitaconic acid, poly (2 -hydroxyethyl acrylate), poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), polysulfonic acid (poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) or PAMPS), polymethacrylamide, polyalkylene oxides, e.g.
- polyethylene oxides Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone; hydroxymethylcelluloses; Hydroxyethyl cellulose; hydroxypropyl; carboxymethyl; maleic; alginates; Coal beds; Gelatin, poly (ethyleneimine), polystyrenesulfonic acid; Combinations composed of two or more of the monomer units forming the abovementioned polymers, copolymers composed of two or more of the monomer units forming the abovementioned polymers, graft copolymers composed of two or more of the monomer units forming the abovementioned polymers, star polymers composed of two or more the monomeric units constituting the above-mentioned polymers, highly branched polymers composed of two or more of the monomeric units and dendrimers constituting the above-mentioned polymers composed of two or more water-soluble polymers selected from the group consisting of the aforementioned polymer-forming monomer units are given particularly good results.
- the water-soluble polymer is selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxides, polyvinylformamide, polyvinylamine and poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone.
- the abovementioned water-soluble polymers are commercially available or can be prepared according to processes known to those skilled in the art.
- the solids content of the colloidal dispersion to be used according to the invention-based on the total weight of the dispersion- is preferably from 5 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably from 10 to 50% by weight and very particularly preferably from 10 to 40% by weight.
- the colloidal dispersion to be used in the process according to the invention comprises at least one essentially water-insoluble polymer and optionally at least one water-soluble polymer in an aqueous medium, based on the total weight of the dispersion, from 0 to 25% by weight. , Particularly preferably 0.5 to 20 wt .-% and most preferably 1 to 15 wt .-%, of at least one water-soluble polymer.
- the colloidal dispersion used according to the invention comprises, in each case based on the total amount of the colloidal dispersion,
- Wt .-% of at least one substantially water-insoluble polymer ii) 0 to 25 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 15
- Wt .-% of at least one water-soluble polymer and iii) 15 to 95 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 89.5 wt .-%, particularly preferably 45 bis
- the weight ratio of essentially water-insoluble polymer to the water-soluble polymer preferably present in the colloidal dispersion depends on the polymers used.
- the substantially water-insoluble polymer and the preferably used water-soluble polymer may be used in a weight ratio of 300: 1 to 1: 5, preferably 100: 1 to 1: 2, particularly preferably 40: 1 to 1: 1.5 become.
- the colloidal dispersion to be used according to the invention can be electrospun in any manner known to the person skilled in the art, for example by extrusion of the dispersion, preferably of the latex, under low pressure through a cannula connected to one pole of a voltage source at a distance from the cannula outlet arranged counter electrode.
- the distance between the cannula and the counterelectrode acting as a collector and the voltage between the electrodes is adjusted such that between the electrodes an electric field of preferably 0.1 to 9 kV / cm, particularly preferably 0.3 to 6 kV / cm and most preferably 0.5 to 3 kV / cm forms.
- the fibers produced it may be expedient to subsequently chemically bond them together or, for example. through a chemical intermediary to network with each other.
- a fiber layer formed by the fibers can be further improved, in particular with regard to water and temperature resistance.
- Another object of the present invention are fibers, in particular nano- and mesofibers, which are obtainable by the method according to the invention.
- the fibers according to the invention are distinguished by the fact that, based on the inventive selection of substantially water-insoluble polymers in relation to the process temperature compared to fibers having polymers, the glass transition temperature of more than +/- 15 ° C above or below the process temperature of the electrospinning process have optimized structural and / or mechanical properties, in particular with respect to uniformity, compactness, elasticity and mechanical and thermal stability.
- the diameter of the fibers according to the invention is preferably 10 nm to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 50 nm to 2 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably 100 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the length of the fibers depends on the purpose and is usually 50 microns to several kilometers.
- An essential aspect with regard to the use of the polymer fibers according to the invention is - in addition to good structural and mechanical properties as well as thermal stability - the fiber diameter of the polymer fibers according to the invention.
- the fiber diameter has a significant influence, for example, on the porosity of the filter media produced from the polymer fibers according to the invention and on the optical and haptic properties of z.
- textile fabrics such as nonwovens, which are made from the fibers of the invention. It has been found that the fiber diameter, which depends inter alia on the process parameters such as flow rate and the field strength of the electric field and possibly on the diameter of the cannula used, further depends on the material properties, eg. B. the diameter of the polymer particles used, which in the inventions According to the invention electrospinning process used essentially water-insoluble polymers and the ratio of the components used in the electrospinning process is dependent on each other.
- the fiber diameter is proportional to the average weight average particle diameter of the substantially water-insoluble polymer used in the method of the invention.
- the diameter of the polymer particles used it is possible to control the fiber diameter of the polymer fibers of the present invention and to selectively manufacture polymer fibers having specific fiber diameters.
- Suitable particle sizes (average weight-average particle diameter) of the substantially water-insoluble polymer are mentioned above.
- Very particularly preferred average weight-average particle diameters are 10 to 500 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm, particularly preferably 10 to 100 nm.
- the polymer fibers of the invention are suitable for further processing e.g. by interweaving the polymer fibers according to the invention into textile fabrics.
- Another object of the present invention are therefore textile fabrics containing polymer fibers according to the present invention.
- Preferred embodiments of the polymer fibers according to the invention are mentioned above.
- the textile fabrics can be constructed exclusively from the polymer fibers according to the invention or, in addition to the polymer fibers according to the invention, contain conventional fibers known to the person skilled in the art. It is e.g. possible that the textile fabric according to the invention is constructed from conventional fibers and has a support (layer) which contains the polymer fibers according to the invention. It is further e.g. possible that the textile fabric is made up of a mixture of conventional fibers and polymer fibers according to the invention.
- Preferred applications are selected from the group consisting of the use in the following applications: filters or filter parts, non-wovens, nonwovens, in particular for gas, air and / or liquid filtration, technical or household textiles or components or coatings of such textiles such as wipes, facial tissues, clothing, medical textiles, etc., coatings of packaging, e.g. B. Be Stratifications of paper, for use in wound healing, or as wound dressing, for the transport or release of active ingredients and effect substances, for.
- the polymer fibers according to the invention are used in the form of textile fabrics.
- the production of textile fabrics from the polymer fibers according to the invention is known to the person skilled in the art and can be carried out by all customary processes. However, it is also possible to use the fibers according to the invention itself, for. As additives (fillers) for polymers or as precursors for the preparation of other fibers and continuous layers.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device suitable for carrying out the electrospinning method according to the invention
- the apparatus for electrospinning shown in FIG. 1 suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a syringe 3 provided at its tip with a capillary nozzle 2 connected to one pole of a voltage source 1 for receiving the colloidal dispersion 4 according to the invention opposite the outlet of the capillary nozzle 2 is arranged at a distance of about 20 cm connected to the other pole of the voltage source 1 square counter electrode 5, which acts as a collector for the fibers formed.
- a voltage of 30 kV is set at the electrodes 2, 5 and the colloidal dispersion 4 is discharged through the capillary nozzle 2 of the syringe 3 at a low pressure.
- a colloidal dispersion of at least one essentially water-insoluble polymer and at least one nonionic surfactant is electrospun in an aqueous medium using the aforementioned device.
- the determination of the solids content in the dispersion is determined gravimetrically by means of a Mettler Toledo HR73 Halogen Moisture Analyzer by approximately 1 ml of sample is heated within 2 minutes at 200 0 C and the sample dried to constant weight, and then weighed.
- the average particle size is the weight average value d 5 o, determined by means of an analytical ultracentrifuge (according to W. Scholtan and H. Lange in Kolloid-Z., And Polymere 250 (1972), pp 782-796).
- the size, i. the diameter and length of the fibers is determined by evaluation of electron micrographs.
- the polymer latex used in the following examples contains a styrene / n-butyl acrylate copolymer in an amount of about 40% by weight (Example 1: 38.9% by weight, Example 2: 37.5% by weight, Example V3: 38.6 wt .-%), based on the total weight of the polymer latex.
- the mean particle size (weight average, d 50 ) is 131 nm (Example 1), 137 nm (Example 2) or 149 nm (Example V3).
- the copolymers are from 35% by weight of styrene and 65% by weight of n-butyl acrylate (Example 1), 50% by weight of styrene and 50% by weight of n-butyl acrylate (Example 2) and 70% by weight of styrene and 30% by weight of n-butyl acrylate (Example V3).
- Example V3 represents a comparative example in the present process. While the copolymer according to Example 1 has a T 9 of 6.8 ° C. and the copolymer in Example 2 has a T 9 of 27.2 ° C., the copolymer according to Example V3 a T 9 of 64.2 ° C. The process is at 19 ° C carried out so that the T 9 of the copolymer according to Example V3 is outside the claimed range.
- polymer latices containing the said copolymers is carried out by customary methods known to the person skilled in the art.
- a polymer latex is usually obtained with a content of styrene / n-butyl acrylate copolymer of> 30 wt .-%, which is then diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- water-soluble polymer is poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is (Mowiol ® 28-99 from Kuraray Specialties Europe KSE) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 145000 g / mol, which is hydrolyzed to 99% by weight.
- PVA poly (vinyl alcohol)
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the preparation of the electrospinning used colloidal dispersions is carried out by mixing a styrene / n-butyl acrylate copolymer-containing latex with water.
- the solids content of the dispersion to be spun is 19.4% by weight.
- To the polymer latex is added the abovementioned polyvinyl alcohol, in aqueous solution (10% strength by weight), so that the colloidal dispersion to be spun contains about 4.8% by weight PVA and the weight ratio of styrene / n- Butyl acrylate copolymer to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the mixture about 80: 20.
- Table 1 summarizes the colloidal dispersions to be spun:
- colloidal dispersions 1, 2, V3 and V4 prepared according to item 1 are electrospun in the apparatus shown in FIG.
- the dispersion is conveyed at a temperature of 19 ° C. through a syringe 3 with a capillary nozzle 2 provided at its tip with an inner diameter of 0.3 mm with a sample advance of 0.5 ml / h, the distance between the electrodes 2, 5 200 mm and between the electrodes, a voltage of 30 kV is applied.
- the resulting fibers are treated with water for 17 hours at room temperature to remove the water-soluble polymer.
- FIG. 2 shows the scanning electron micrographs of the fibers produced from the colloidal dispersions 1 (left, FIG. 2a), 2 (middle, FIG. 2b) and V3 (right, FIG. 2c).
- the modulus of elasticity of the inventive fibers according to Example 1 is 9 MPa, while the modulus of elasticity of fibers according to Example V4 is 1.2 MPa.
- the fibers of the invention are thus characterized by a high elasticity.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20080786037 EP2171136B1 (de) | 2007-07-18 | 2008-07-10 | Verfahren zur herstellung von nano- und mesofasern durch elektrospinnen von kolloidalen dispersionen, enthaltend mindestens ein im wesentlichen wasserunlösliches polymer |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07112671 | 2007-07-18 | ||
EP20080786037 EP2171136B1 (de) | 2007-07-18 | 2008-07-10 | Verfahren zur herstellung von nano- und mesofasern durch elektrospinnen von kolloidalen dispersionen, enthaltend mindestens ein im wesentlichen wasserunlösliches polymer |
PCT/EP2008/058983 WO2009010443A2 (de) | 2007-07-18 | 2008-07-10 | Verfahren zur herstellung von nano- und mesofasern durch elektrospinnen von kolloidalen dispersionen, enthaltend mindestens ein im wesentlichen wasserunlösliches polymer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2171136A2 true EP2171136A2 (de) | 2010-04-07 |
EP2171136B1 EP2171136B1 (de) | 2011-09-14 |
Family
ID=40260130
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20080786037 Not-in-force EP2171136B1 (de) | 2007-07-18 | 2008-07-10 | Verfahren zur herstellung von nano- und mesofasern durch elektrospinnen von kolloidalen dispersionen, enthaltend mindestens ein im wesentlichen wasserunlösliches polymer |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100221519A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2171136B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5322116B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE524581T1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2370954T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009010443A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110129510A1 (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2011-06-02 | Basf Se | Fibrous surface structure containing active ingredients with controlled release of active ingredients, use thereof and method for the production thereof |
US20110136669A1 (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2011-06-09 | Basf Se | Continuous Fiber Layer Comprising an Active Substance on the Basis of Bio-Polymers, the use Thereof, and Method for the Production Thereof |
DE102009015226A1 (de) | 2009-04-01 | 2010-10-14 | Kim, Gyeong-Man, Dr. | Template-gestütztes Musterbildungsverfahren von Nanofasern im Electrospinn-Verfahren und deren Anwendungen |
JP5404151B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-17 | 2014-01-29 | Kbセーレン株式会社 | ナノファイバー積層体およびその製造方法 |
EP2427523B1 (de) | 2009-05-06 | 2015-10-28 | Basf Se | Wässriges metallpoliermittel mit einem polymeren schleifkorn mit anhängigen funktionellen gruppen und seine verwendung in einem cmp-verfahren |
WO2010127938A1 (en) | 2009-05-06 | 2010-11-11 | Basf Se | An aqueous polishing agent comprising solid polymer particles and two complexing agents and its use in a process for polishing patterned and unstructured metal surfaces |
WO2011029777A1 (de) | 2009-09-11 | 2011-03-17 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von beschichteten polymerfasern |
JP5545989B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-29 | 2014-07-09 | 花王株式会社 | ナノファイバシート |
EP2607382A1 (de) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-26 | Philipps Universität Marburg | Chemisch funktionalisierte elektrogesponnene Dispersionsfasern für Layer-by-Layer-Beschichtungen |
EP2607528A1 (de) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-26 | Philipps-Universität Marburg | Haftoptimierung von durch Dispersionselektrospinnen hergestellten Fasern durch Variation des Erweichungspunktes des Latexpolymers |
CN104272499A (zh) | 2012-04-13 | 2015-01-07 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 用于电化学电池的层体系 |
CN103626916B (zh) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-10-14 | 天津大学 | 一种N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-酰腙吸附剂的制备方法 |
DE102014013354A1 (de) | 2014-09-08 | 2016-03-10 | Rainer Busch | Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von mikroverkapselten Paraffinpartikel durch ein elektrostatisches Rotationsdüsen-Absprühverfahren sowie die Verwendung dieses Verfahren. Die so verkapselten Paraffinpartikel können für |
BR112017013074A2 (pt) * | 2014-12-25 | 2018-01-02 | Akzo Nobel Coatings Int Bv | composição de revestimento com base em água, método de formação de revestimento similar a tecido sobre um substrato, uso de uma composição de revestimento com base em água, e substrato revestido |
CN105597428B (zh) * | 2016-02-23 | 2017-11-07 | 绿纳科技有限责任公司 | 一种用于去除污水中Cr(VI)的纳米纤维过滤材料的制备方法 |
JP6721379B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2020-07-15 | Kbセーレン株式会社 | 金属吸着材用ウェッブ及び不織布、それらの製造方法 |
CN109930300B (zh) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-05-08 | 文登华绮服装有限公司 | 一种浸润性复合纤维织物材料的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4908290A (en) * | 1986-11-17 | 1990-03-13 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner for developing latent electrostatic images |
JP2908178B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-25 | 1999-06-21 | 帝人株式会社 | 光学用延伸フイルムおよび光学用繊維 |
DE19600162A1 (de) * | 1996-01-04 | 1997-07-10 | Bayer Faser Gmbh | Schmelzgesponnene, scheuerbeständige Monofile |
DE10133393B4 (de) * | 2001-07-13 | 2007-08-30 | TransMIT Gesellschaft für Technologietransfer mbH | Röhrchen mit Innendurchmessern im Nanometerbereich |
JP2005097753A (ja) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-04-14 | Japan Vilene Co Ltd | 繊維シートの製造方法 |
US20070172651A1 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2007-07-26 | Takanori Miyoshi | Ultrafine polyactic acid fibers and fiber structure, and process for their production |
DE102005008926A1 (de) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-11-16 | Philipps-Universität Marburg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nano- und Mesofasern durch Elektrospinning von kolloidalen Dispersionen |
JP2006283240A (ja) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-19 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | ウェブ製造装置 |
-
2008
- 2008-07-10 ES ES08786037T patent/ES2370954T3/es active Active
- 2008-07-10 AT AT08786037T patent/ATE524581T1/de active
- 2008-07-10 WO PCT/EP2008/058983 patent/WO2009010443A2/de active Application Filing
- 2008-07-10 US US12/669,690 patent/US20100221519A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-10 EP EP20080786037 patent/EP2171136B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-07-10 JP JP2010516468A patent/JP5322116B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009010443A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE524581T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
JP2010533798A (ja) | 2010-10-28 |
WO2009010443A3 (de) | 2009-05-07 |
EP2171136B1 (de) | 2011-09-14 |
WO2009010443A2 (de) | 2009-01-22 |
JP5322116B2 (ja) | 2013-10-23 |
ES2370954T3 (es) | 2011-12-26 |
US20100221519A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2171136B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von nano- und mesofasern durch elektrospinnen von kolloidalen dispersionen, enthaltend mindestens ein im wesentlichen wasserunlösliches polymer | |
EP1856312B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von nano- und mesofasern durch eiektrospinning von kolloidalen dispersionen | |
EP2057307A2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von nano- und mesofasern durch elektrospinnen von kolloidalen dispersionen | |
EP2616580B1 (de) | Hochfunktionelles spinnvlies aus partikelhaltigen fasern sowie verfahren zur erzeugung | |
EP2013384B1 (de) | Vliesstoff | |
EP2557206B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polyamid-Nanofaser-Produkts mittels Elektrospinnen, Polyamid-Nanofaser-Produkt, ein Filtermedium mit Polyamid-Nanofaser-Produkt sowie ein Filterelement mit einem solchen Filtermedium | |
WO2010072665A1 (de) | Modifizierung von nano- oder mesofasern oder textilen flächengebilden hergestellt mittels elektrospinnen mit amphiphilen proteinen | |
WO2009074630A2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von nano- und mesofasern durch elektrospinnen von kolloidalen dispersionen, enthaltend mindestens ein im wesentlichen wasserunlösliches polymer | |
DE69701673T2 (de) | Plexifilamente aus polymermischungen | |
Jacobs et al. | Optimization of electrospinning parameters for chitosan nanofibres | |
DE102006062113A1 (de) | Partikelmodifizierte Nano- und Mesofasern | |
DE102006050279A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nano- und Mesopolymerfasern durch Elektrospinnen von Polyelektrolyten gegensätzlicher Ladung | |
EP1658395B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von formkörpern mit thermoregulativen eigenschaften | |
DE202006020791U1 (de) | Lage zur Herstellung eines Reinigungsprodukts, Hygieneprodukts oder medizinischen Produkts | |
DE1279889B (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fasern oder Faeden auf der Grundlage von ueberwiegend Acrylnitrilpolymerisate enthaltenden Massen | |
WO2013092870A1 (de) | Haftoptimierung von durch dispersionselektrospinnen hergestellten fasern durch variation des erweichungspunktes des latexpolymers | |
EP1334223B1 (de) | Verfahren zum herstellen von synthetischen fäden aus polymermischungen | |
Teli et al. | Development of multifunctional non-woven fabrics by electro spinning for medical protection | |
WO2023274884A1 (de) | Elektrisch leitfähiges garn | |
DE19823142C2 (de) | Elastische Fäden, Folien, textile Flächengebilde und Hybridstrukturen mit hohem Schrumpfvermögen bei niedrigen Temperaturen und hoher Temperaturstabilität und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20100218 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA MK RS |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: D01D 5/00 20060101AFI20110105BHEP Ipc: D01F 6/52 20060101ALI20110105BHEP |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: PEPERS, MICHEL Inventor name: KLIMOV, EVGUENI Inventor name: VENKATESH, RAJAN Inventor name: HECKMANN, WALTER Inventor name: GREINER, ANDREAS Inventor name: STOILJKOVIC, ALEKSANDAR Inventor name: RAMAN, VIJAY, IMMANUEL Inventor name: SCHMIDT-THUEMMES, JUERGEN |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: STOILJKOVIC, ALEKSANDAR Inventor name: GREINER, ANDREAS Inventor name: SCHMIDT-THUEMMES, JUERGEN Inventor name: PEPERS, MICHEL Inventor name: KLIMOV, EVGUENI Inventor name: VENKATESH, RAJAN Inventor name: HECKMANN, WALTER Inventor name: RAMAN, VIJAY, IMMANUEL |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 502008004902 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20111110 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2370954 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 Effective date: 20111226 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111214 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 |
|
LTIE | Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension |
Effective date: 20110914 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111215 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20120114 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20120116 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20120615 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 502008004902 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20120615 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120731 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120731 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120731 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111214 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110914 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120710 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080710 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MM01 Ref document number: 524581 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20130710 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20140728 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130710 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20140825 Year of fee payment: 7 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20140729 Year of fee payment: 7 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20140731 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20140729 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20140930 Year of fee payment: 7 Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20140828 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 502008004902 Country of ref document: DE |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20150710 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20150801 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160202 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150710 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150710 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20160331 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150801 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150731 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20160826 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150711 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150731 |