EP2166297A3 - Transfervorrichtung für eine Gefriertrocknungsanlage - Google Patents

Transfervorrichtung für eine Gefriertrocknungsanlage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2166297A3
EP2166297A3 EP09170577A EP09170577A EP2166297A3 EP 2166297 A3 EP2166297 A3 EP 2166297A3 EP 09170577 A EP09170577 A EP 09170577A EP 09170577 A EP09170577 A EP 09170577A EP 2166297 A3 EP2166297 A3 EP 2166297A3
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transfer device
support frame
loading
freeze drying
freeze
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09170577A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2166297A2 (de
EP2166297B1 (de
Inventor
Hubert KLÜTSCH
Johannes Selch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Lyophil GmbH
Original Assignee
GEA Lyophil GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GEA Lyophil GmbH filed Critical GEA Lyophil GmbH
Publication of EP2166297A2 publication Critical patent/EP2166297A2/de
Publication of EP2166297A3 publication Critical patent/EP2166297A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2166297B1 publication Critical patent/EP2166297B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/04Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
    • F26B5/06Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/06Chambers, containers, or receptacles
    • F26B25/063Movable containers or receptacles, e.g. carts, trolleys, pallet-boxes

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Um kurze Beladezeiten mit einer flexiblen Transfervorrichtung (10) für eine Gefriertrocknungsanlage mit mindestens einer Gefriertrocknungsstation (12) und mindestens einer Ladestation (14, 16) zu ermöglichen, wobei die Transfervorrichtung (10) mindestens einen Tragrahmen (18) mit einem Ladebereich (22) und einer elektrisch betriebenen Laminarfloweinrichtung (28) zur Erzeugung eines laminaren Luftstroms (30) in dem Ladebereich (22) enthält, weist die Transfervorrichtung (10) einen Hubwagen (16) auf, der zum Anheben und Verfahren des Tragrahmens (18) mechanisch mit dem Tragrahmen verbindbar ist und der einen Antriebsmotor und eine Lenkeinrichtung aufweist.
EP09170577.2A 2008-09-18 2009-09-17 Transfervorrichtung für eine Gefriertrocknungsanlage Active EP2166297B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202008012379U DE202008012379U1 (de) 2008-09-18 2008-09-18 Transfervorrichtung für eine Gefriertrocknungsanlage

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2166297A2 EP2166297A2 (de) 2010-03-24
EP2166297A3 true EP2166297A3 (de) 2010-10-13
EP2166297B1 EP2166297B1 (de) 2015-08-26

Family

ID=40157949

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09170577.2A Active EP2166297B1 (de) 2008-09-18 2009-09-17 Transfervorrichtung für eine Gefriertrocknungsanlage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20100070108A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2166297B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101676660A (de)
DE (1) DE202008012379U1 (de)
ES (1) ES2553137T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2003338C2 (en) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-08 Ima Life Srl Method and assembly for handling containers in a freeze dryer.
CN102305517A (zh) * 2011-06-19 2012-01-04 上海东富龙科技股份有限公司 一种原料药冻干托盘自动转运至冻干机板层的方法
DE102011117628B4 (de) 2011-11-04 2015-10-22 Martin Christ Gefriertrocknungsanlagen Gmbh Gefriertrockungsanlage mit einer Be- und Entladevorrichtung
CN103625926B (zh) * 2013-01-16 2015-12-02 世源科技工程有限公司 自洁净搬运方法
TW201447209A (zh) * 2013-06-05 2014-12-16 xiu-zhen Chen 吊掛容置式之凍乾裝置
CN103335478B (zh) * 2013-07-25 2015-04-08 钦龙金属工业(昆山)有限公司 升降式液态冷冻设备用升降框
ITUA20161823A1 (it) * 2016-03-18 2017-09-18 I M A Industria Macch Automatiche S P A In Sigla Ima S P A Apparato per caricare e scaricare un liofilizzatore.
US10272360B2 (en) 2017-08-05 2019-04-30 Priya Naturals, Inc. Phytochemical extraction system and methods to extract phytochemicals from plants including plants of the family Cannabaceae sensu stricto

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0618417A1 (de) * 1993-03-29 1994-10-05 Hull Corporation Be- und Entladesystem
US7032763B1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2006-04-25 Mi-Jack Products, Inc. System and method for automatically guiding a gantry crane
EP1939114A1 (de) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-02 Automha S.r.l. Vorrichtung zum automatischen Lagern einer Ladungseinheit auf einer Lagerschiene

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US207638A (en) * 1878-09-03 Improvement in drying-cars for drain-tiles, bricks
US4137984A (en) * 1977-11-03 1979-02-06 Jennings Frederick R Self-guided automatic load transporter
DE9001612U1 (de) * 1989-04-07 1990-04-19 Finn-Aqua Santasalo-Sohlberg GmbH, 50354 Hürth Vorrichtung zum Beschicken und Entladen einer Gefriertrocknungseinrichtung
US5261774A (en) * 1989-11-20 1993-11-16 Societe Anonyme Dite: Societe D'utilisation Scientifique Et Industrielle Du Froid: Usifroid Device for loading and/or unloading the racks of a lyophilization tank
DE4215781A1 (de) * 1992-05-13 1993-11-18 Santasalo Sohlberg Finn Aqua Transfertisch
US5304333A (en) * 1992-10-23 1994-04-19 Trevino Gonzales Francisco Concrete product molding and curing plant methods and apparatus
AU699042B2 (en) * 1995-03-09 1998-11-19 Boc Group, Inc., The Transfer port system
GB9505523D0 (en) * 1995-03-18 1995-05-03 Wellcome Found Lyophilization process
JP2000294615A (ja) * 1999-04-09 2000-10-20 Miyagi Oki Electric Co Ltd 搬送システムおよび搬送方法
DE10307571A1 (de) * 2003-02-22 2004-09-02 Steris Gmbh Einrichtung mit einer Stellfläche
ITUD20070052A1 (it) * 2007-03-07 2008-09-08 Antonio Codatto Impianto per la piegatura di elementi metallici piani, quali pannelli, lamiere, piastre o simili, macchina piegatrice per tali elementi metallici piani e relativo procedimento di piegatura

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0618417A1 (de) * 1993-03-29 1994-10-05 Hull Corporation Be- und Entladesystem
US7032763B1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2006-04-25 Mi-Jack Products, Inc. System and method for automatically guiding a gantry crane
EP1939114A1 (de) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-02 Automha S.r.l. Vorrichtung zum automatischen Lagern einer Ladungseinheit auf einer Lagerschiene

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2553137T3 (es) 2015-12-04
DE202008012379U1 (de) 2008-12-24
US20100070108A1 (en) 2010-03-18
CN101676660A (zh) 2010-03-24
EP2166297A2 (de) 2010-03-24
EP2166297B1 (de) 2015-08-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2166297A3 (de) Transfervorrichtung für eine Gefriertrocknungsanlage
EP2455275A3 (de) Hilfsantrieb
EP1857288A3 (de) Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Objekten
EP1602619A3 (de) Vorrichtung zum Halten einer Last auf einem Lasttragmittel eines Flurförderzeugs
EP2082930A3 (de) Behandlungsanlage und Behandlungsverfahren für Landfahrzeuge, insbesondere Autowaschanlage
EP2072381A3 (de) Kraftfahrzeug mit einer im Heckbereich angeordneten Luftleitvorrichtung
EP1935764A3 (de) Luftleiteinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug
EP2540598A3 (de) Höhenverstellbarer Planenaufbau
EP1886966A3 (de) Flurförderzeug mit einem anhebbaren Lastaufnahmemittel
EP2127945A3 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Steuern der Lichtabgabe eines Fahrzeugs
EP2716529A3 (de) Luftleiteinrichtung mit Kinematik-Bremseinrichtung
EP2460692A3 (de) Lastenträger mit einer angetriebenen Befestigungseinrichtung
EP2325394A3 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit auf ein Seil
EP2113612A3 (de) Verfahren zum Reinigen eines hydrotechnischen Bauwerks
EP2083260A3 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Untersuchung der Oberfläche eines Bauteils
EP2397833A3 (de) Befestigungsvorrichtung für einen Fahrroboter
EP2022677A3 (de) Versenkvorrichtung für ein Kühler-Dekorelement
EP1614567A3 (de) Mehrteilige Heckklappe für ein Kraftfahrzeug
EP2248758A3 (de) Flurförderzeug, insbesondere Gegengewichtsgabelstapler
EP2048077A3 (de) Auftriebsklappenträgersystem
EP0897827A3 (de) Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Eis-, Schnee- und Wasseransammlungen auf Planen
EP1669267A3 (de) Stützvorrichtung für Anhänger
EP1955894A3 (de) Transportvorrichtung
EP2078692A3 (de) Hebesystem für eine Montageeinrichtung
EP2581266A3 (de) Vorrichtung zur sicheren Annäherung eines Wasser- / Fäkalien-Fahrzeugs an ein Flugzeug

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20110409

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20150320

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 745432

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20150915

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502009011462

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2553137

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20151204

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151127

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151126

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: FP

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151228

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20151226

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502009011462

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20160531

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150917

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20160530

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20151026

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 745432

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20150917

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150917

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150917

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20090917

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150917

PGRI Patent reinstated in contracting state [announced from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Effective date: 20170710

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150917

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150826

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230528

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20230926

Year of fee payment: 15

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20230921

Year of fee payment: 15

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20230927

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230927

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20231002

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20231004

Year of fee payment: 15