EP2147478B1 - Hyperfrequenzsignalkoppler mit mikrostreifentechnologie - Google Patents

Hyperfrequenzsignalkoppler mit mikrostreifentechnologie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2147478B1
EP2147478B1 EP08749916.6A EP08749916A EP2147478B1 EP 2147478 B1 EP2147478 B1 EP 2147478B1 EP 08749916 A EP08749916 A EP 08749916A EP 2147478 B1 EP2147478 B1 EP 2147478B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
main line
line
protuberance
resistive
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Application number
EP08749916.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2147478A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Bertram
Hugues Augereau
Georges Peyresoubes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microwave signal coupler in microstrip technology. It applies in particular to the measurement of the power of a signal passing through a transmission line.
  • couplers are for example integrated in amplifiers for measuring the power of a signal delivered to an antenna.
  • a proximity coupler hereinafter referred to simply as a "coupler”
  • a proximity coupler comprises a main transmission line for conveying a microwave signal, and a secondary line whose section is placed near the main line. By electromagnetic radiation, the secondary line is thus coupled to the main line.
  • Signal couplers in microstrip technology are widely used because they are inexpensive to produce and easy to integrate. However, this technology limits their performance. In particular, a satisfactory coupling directivity, ie a good separation of the incoming and outgoing power measurements in the coupler, is difficult to obtain. This difficulty is mainly due to the asymmetries of the odd and even transmission modes appearing with the use of this technology. Finally, in general, the insertion losses as well as the signal reflections - which result in a non-zero stationary wave ratio - are parameters to be taken into account when designing a coupler.
  • couplers in coaxial technology or triplate technology provide high performance through the shielding surrounding the propagation lines.
  • these technologies increase the size and especially the cost of manufacturing a coupler.
  • the European patent application published under the reference EP1215749 discloses a coupler operating a filtering function on unwanted harmonics.
  • the geometry of the coupler does not allow to achieve optimal performance in terms of directivity.
  • the publication US2003 / 0011442 discloses a microstrip line coupler without obtaining satisfactory directivity performance.
  • An object of the invention is to increase the coupling directivity without affecting the reproducibility of manufacture of the coupler, while maintaining insertion losses at low levels, for a low manufacturing cost.
  • the subject of the invention is an asymmetrical coupler as claimed in claim 1.
  • a resistive balancing element may be connected between one end of the coupling section and the electrical earth. This resistive element makes it possible to optimize the directivity characteristic of the coupler and, as such, may comprise capacitive or resistive characteristics making it possible to improve the performances. This resistive element does not replace the terminal loads traditionally connected to each of the access ports of the coupler.
  • the coupler according to the invention comprises at least one first resistive balancing element connected to the first protrusion, at least one second resistive element being connected to the second protrusion, the first and second resistive elements having different impedance values.
  • the dimensions of the first protrusion on the one hand, and the dimensions of the second protrusion on the other hand are different.
  • the invention also relates to a power amplifier comprising a coupler as described above.
  • the figure 1 shows a top view of a first embodiment of the coupler according to the invention.
  • a coupler 1 comprises a metal plate 2, placed on the underside of the coupler and taking the role of electrical ground. On the metal plate 2 is applied a layer of dielectric substrate 3, above which microstrips of conductive material are deposited.
  • a first conductive microstrip forms a line of main transmission 10 conveying a signal S from which it is desired to take a fraction of the power.
  • the main line 10 has at each of its ends an access port 11, 12.
  • the first access port 11 receives the signal S, of power P, entering the coupler 1 while the second access port 12 is connected to a load, not shown in the figure, for example an antenna. According to the impedance of the load, a more or less significant power P ref of the signal S is reflected in the main line 10.
  • the coupler 1 also comprises a secondary line 20 comprising at each of its ends a third and a fourth port of access 21, 22.
  • the secondary line 20 comprises a relatively thin central conductive line portion 23, conductive protrusions 24, 25, and conductive conductive microstrips 26, 27 to the access ports 21, 22.
  • the assembly consisting of the protrusions 24, 25 and the central portion 23 forms a coupling section with the main line 10.
  • the coupling section is formed in such a way that the third access port 21 receives a fraction P 'of the power P of the signal S and that the fourth access port 22 receives a fraction P ref 'of the power P ref reflected in the main line 10.
  • the main line 10 is substantially rectilinear and its width, chosen according to the desired characteristic impedance, remains almost constant over its entire length. This simplicity of design makes it possible to maintain a characteristic line impedance close to the terminal impedances at the access ports 11, 12, thus reducing the standing wave ratio present in the line 10.
  • the width, the shape and the placement of the central portion 23 connecting the two protuberances 24, 25 are chosen so that said central portion 23 does not participate or almost no coupling. between the main line 10 and the secondary line 20.
  • the width of the central portion 23 is chosen thin (in the example, said portion 23 is much thinner than the main line 10) in order to minimize the interaction between said central portion 23 and the main line 10.
  • the portion central 23 is also neither necessarily parallel to the main line 10, nor even straight, thus making its length adjustable.
  • this central portion 23 forms a U between the two protuberances 24, 25, in order to guarantee that said portion 23 is moved away from the main line 10 making it possible to minimize the interaction with said main line 10.
  • the bottom 29 of the U thus formed is at a distance chosen so that, during the transmission of a signal, in the main line 10, there is virtually no coupling between the central portion 23 and the main line 10.
  • the section of the central portion 23 can also be increased.
  • connection microstrips 26, 27 make it possible to transmit the sampled powers P 'and P ref ' to the access ports 21, 22 of the coupler 1.
  • the first connecting microstrip 26 connects the third access port 21 to the end of the central portion 23 closest to the first access port 11, and the second connection microstrip 27 connects the fourth port of access 22 to the end of the central portion 23 closest to the second access port 12.
  • These connecting microstrips 26, 27 are, in the example, connected at the ends 23a, 23b of the central portion 23. They can, in addition, form any angle with the central portion 23, thus providing increased opportunities for integration into complex circuits.
  • a resistive balancing element 30 may be connected to one of the protrusions 24, 25.
  • the resistive element 30 is connected to the protrusion 24 closest to the first access port 11.
  • Asymmetry of coupler 1 makes it possible to compensate for the asymmetries of the odd and even transmission modes appearing with the use of microstrip technology.
  • the optimization of the value of this lateral resistive element 30 makes it possible to improve the performance of the coupler in directivity.
  • the resistive element 30 is placed at a distance D3 from the main line 10 so as not to disturb the propagation of the signal S and is connected to the electrical mass, formed in the example by the metal mass 2.
  • This resistive element 30 can, for example, consist of several sub-elements placed in series and / or in parallel (not shown for reasons of simplification) and having certain inductive or capacitive properties, the operation of which improves the directivity of the coupler 1.
  • connection of this resistive element 30 to an outgrowth 24, 25 makes it possible to avoid that its precise positioning does not affect the performance of the coupler 1, thus facilitating the reproducibility of the performances during a manufacture of couplers in series.
  • the asymmetry of the coupler can, for example, be obtained by integrating into the coupler two resistive elements of different characteristics, a first resistive element being connected to the first protrusion 24, a second resistive element being connected to the second protrusion 25.
  • the resistive element 30 having an effect on the impedance of the secondary line 20, the microstrips 26 and 27 may, in order to improve adapting the third and fourth ports 21 and 22 of the coupler, comprising impedance transforming elements.
  • the figure 4 shows an example of use of a coupler according to the invention in a power amplifier.
  • An amplifier 40 receives a signal S and delivers an amplified signal S AMP . It comprises an amplification cell 41, a coupler 1 according to the invention, a measurement module 42 and a resistive load 43.
  • the measurement module 42 is connected to the third access port 21 of the coupler 1, and the resistive load 43 is connected to its fourth access port 22.
  • the amplification cell 41 receives the signal S and supplies the first access port 11 of the coupler 1 a first amplified signal S INT .
  • the coupler 1 takes a fraction of the power of the signal S INT , fraction of power that it transmits to the measurement module 42 via its third access port 21.
  • the coupler 1 also produces a signal S AMP coming from its second port 12 , then directed towards the output of the amplifier 40.
  • the association of the coupler 1 with the measurement module 42 thus makes it possible to know the power of the signal S AMP delivered at the output of the amplifier 40.
  • An advantage of the coupler according to the invention is its simplicity of implementation, allowing, at lower cost, its easy integration into equipment while enjoying good performance with excellent reproducibility.

Landscapes

  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Asymmetrischer Koppler (1) mit Mikrostreifenleitungen, umfassend ein dielektrisches Substrat (3), eine Hauptleitung (10) und eine Nebenleitung (20), die einen einzigen Kopplungsabschnitt (23, 24, 25) umfasst, wobei die Leitungen auf dem Substrat (3) angeordnet sind, wobei die Hauptleitung (10) im Wesentlichen geradlinig und gleichförmig über ihre gesamte Länge ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kopplungsabschnitt (23, 24, 25) einen leitenden Leitungsabschnitt (23) mit zwei Enden (23a, 23b) und einer Protuberanz (24, 25) umfasst, die mit jedem der Enden (23a, 23b) verbunden ist, deren Querschnitt, Form und die Anordnung des leitenden Leitungsabschnitts (23) adaptiert sind, um die Kopplung zwischen dem Abschnitt (23) und der Hauptleitung (10) mit Bezug auf die Kopplung zu minimieren, die zwischen den Protuberanzen (24, 25) und der Hauptleitung (10) bewirkt wird, wobei die Distanz D1 zwischen der ersten Protuberanz (24) und der Hauptleitung (10) einerseits und der Distanz D2 zwischen der zweiten Protruberanz (25) und der Hauptleitung (10) andererseits ungleich sind.
  2. Asymmetrischer Koppler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Ausgleichswiderstandselement (30) zwischen einem Ende (23a, 23b) des Kopplungsabschnitts (23, 24, 25) und der elektrischen Masse angeschlossen ist, um die Direktivität des Kopplers zu optimieren.
  3. Asymmetrischer Koppler nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein erstes Ausgleichswiderstandselement mit der ersten Protruberanz (24) verbunden ist, wenigstens ein zweites Widerstandselement mit der zweiten Protuberanz (25) verbunden ist, wobei das erste und das zweite Widerstandselement unterschiedliche Impedanzwerte haben, um die Direktivität des Kopplers zu optimieren.
  4. Asymmetrischer Koppler nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abmessungen der ersten Protuberanz (24) einerseits und die Abmessungen der zweiten Protuberanz (25) andererseits unterschiedlich sind.
  5. Leistungsverstärker (40), der wenigstens einen Koppler nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche umfasst.
EP08749916.6A 2007-05-11 2008-04-30 Hyperfrequenzsignalkoppler mit mikrostreifentechnologie Active EP2147478B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0703381A FR2916086B1 (fr) 2007-05-11 2007-05-11 Coupleur de signaux hyperfrequences en technologie microruban.
PCT/EP2008/055327 WO2008141902A1 (fr) 2007-05-11 2008-04-30 Coupleur de signaux hyperfrequences en technologie microruban

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2147478A1 EP2147478A1 (de) 2010-01-27
EP2147478B1 true EP2147478B1 (de) 2017-07-19

Family

ID=38654751

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08749916.6A Active EP2147478B1 (de) 2007-05-11 2008-04-30 Hyperfrequenzsignalkoppler mit mikrostreifentechnologie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8314664B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2147478B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2916086B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2008141902A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008051914A1 (de) * 2008-10-16 2010-04-22 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Richtkoppler mit Kompensation der Richtschärfe durch gezielte Fehlanpassung
CA2749355A1 (en) * 2009-01-19 2010-07-22 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Directional coupler and wireless communication apparatus comprising thereof
US10522896B2 (en) * 2016-09-20 2019-12-31 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Embedded directional couplers and related methods

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2581256B1 (fr) * 1985-04-26 1988-04-08 France Etat Coupleur directif a large bande pour ligne a microruban
JPS6345901A (ja) * 1986-08-12 1988-02-26 Fujitsu Ltd 方向性結合器
US5111165A (en) * 1989-07-11 1992-05-05 Wiltron Company Microwave coupler and method of operating same utilizing forward coupling
US4999593A (en) * 1989-06-02 1991-03-12 Motorola, Inc. Capacitively compensated microstrip directional coupler
JPH08162812A (ja) * 1994-12-07 1996-06-21 Fujitsu Ltd 高周波結合器
CN100382384C (zh) * 1996-03-22 2008-04-16 松下电器产业株式会社 带定向耦合器的低通滤波器和蜂窝电话
CN1383590A (zh) * 2000-06-09 2002-12-04 三菱电机株式会社 方向性耦合器
AU2001267909A1 (en) 2000-07-04 2002-01-14 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Directional coupler and directional coupling method
US6549089B2 (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-04-15 Filtronic Pty Ltd. Microstrip directional coupler loaded by a pair of inductive stubs
US7132906B2 (en) * 2003-06-25 2006-11-07 Werlatone, Inc. Coupler having an uncoupled section
US7321276B2 (en) * 2005-06-30 2008-01-22 Harris Stratex Networks, Inc. Independently adjustable combined harmonic rejection filter and power sampler

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2916086B1 (fr) 2010-09-03
EP2147478A1 (de) 2010-01-27
FR2916086A1 (fr) 2008-11-14
US8314664B2 (en) 2012-11-20
WO2008141902A1 (fr) 2008-11-27
US20100194490A1 (en) 2010-08-05

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