EP1427053A1 - Richtkoppler - Google Patents

Richtkoppler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1427053A1
EP1427053A1 EP03300244A EP03300244A EP1427053A1 EP 1427053 A1 EP1427053 A1 EP 1427053A1 EP 03300244 A EP03300244 A EP 03300244A EP 03300244 A EP03300244 A EP 03300244A EP 1427053 A1 EP1427053 A1 EP 1427053A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
capacitors
lines
terminals
iso
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03300244A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1427053B1 (de
Inventor
Hilal Ezzeddine
François DUPONT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STMicroelectronics SA
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STMicroelectronics SA
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Publication date
Application filed by STMicroelectronics SA filed Critical STMicroelectronics SA
Publication of EP1427053A1 publication Critical patent/EP1427053A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1427053B1 publication Critical patent/EP1427053B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
    • H01P5/185—Edge coupled lines
    • H01P5/186—Lange couplers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of couplers which are used to take part of a transmitted signal by a transmission line for, inter alia, measurement or enslavement.
  • the invention relates more particularly the domain of radio frequency couplers between an amplifier transmitter and antenna, especially applied to telephony mobile.
  • Figure 1 illustrates very schematically the general structure of a distributed coupler 1, i.e. transmission lines of the type to which this applies invention as opposed to localized element couplers inductive and capacitive.
  • the coupler 1 is inserted between an amplifier 2 (PA) for amplifying a Tx signal to be transmitted, and an antenna 3 resignation.
  • the role of the coupler 1 is to extract, between CPLD and ISO terminals of a secondary line 12, a proportional signal to the signal passing on a main line 11 of transmission, i.e. between IN and DIR terminals, respectively connected at the output of amplifier 2 and at the input of antenna 3.
  • the signal G extracted by the coupler 1 is used by a circuit 4 (DET), for example to control the power of amplifier 2 or to switch it off if necessary protection, for example if the antenna disappears 3.
  • DET a circuit 4
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • the coupler in Figure 1 is a bidirectional coupler in that it detects a signal on the line transmission 11 in both directions: a direct signal (FWD) transiting from IN to DIR will be coupled to the CPLD output and a reverse signal (REV) flowing from DIR to IN will be coupled to ISO output.
  • FWD direct signal
  • REV reverse signal
  • a distributed coupler of the type shown in Figure 1 is characterized by its coupling and its directivity.
  • the coupling characterizes the difference between the amplitude of the signal main running on line 11 and the signal amplitude taken from line 12.
  • the directivity characterizes the difference between the amplitude of the FWD signal which results in a signal coming out of the CPLD terminal, and the amplitude of the REV signal flowing from DIR to IN which results in a signal coming out of the ISO terminal.
  • the greater the difference in amplitudes between the terminals CPLD and ISO the higher the directivity of the coupler high and the easier it is to detect a possible problem of antenna 3 resulting in a reflection of the signal carried by line 11.
  • the maximum amplitude of the coupled line would be present on the CPLD terminal and zero potential would be present on the ISO terminal.
  • the potential of the ISO terminal is not zero, but is generally attenuated in the range of -30 dB by compared to the potential of the DIR terminal.
  • the CPLD terminal reproduces an attenuated signal in the range of -15 to -20 dB by relative to the signal passing from the IN terminal to the DIR terminal.
  • the directivity of a conventional coupler is in the range of -10 to -15 dB (-30 - (- 20)) to -30 - (- 15)).
  • FIG. 2 represents a classic example of a coupler 10 with improved directivity.
  • This distributed type coupler has two conductive lines 11 and 12 and two capacitors Cp connecting the IN and CPLD terminals respectively and the terminals DIR and ISO.
  • Such capacitors increase the directivity of the coupler by bringing the values of the line impedances from each other.
  • one drawback prohibitive of such a solution is that at frequencies of several hundred MHz, the values of the capacitors are very weak, (around femtofarad). In practice, such values make realization almost impossible in the measurement where the values of the capacitors Cp approach the parasitic capacitance values which cannot then be neglected.
  • the characteristics of the coupler deteriorate strongly as soon as we deviate from the chosen values, depending of the coupler bandwidth, for capacitors Cp.
  • the present invention aims to provide a coupler with distributed lines with improved directivity.
  • the invention aims in particular to propose a coupler radio frequencies not requiring the use of capacitors very low values (of the order of fF).
  • the invention also aims to propose a coupler whose space is minimized.
  • this invention provides a distributed type coupler comprising a first conductive line carrying a main signal between two end terminals, a second coupled conductive line at the first and between two terminals from which a signal flows sampled, proportional to the main signal, and two capacitors connecting the two terminals of each of the lines.
  • the lines are the same length.
  • the capacitors have the same values.
  • the lines are dimensioned in ⁇ / 4 for a central frequency of band higher than the frequency band for which is intended for the coupler.
  • each conductive line consists of at least two sections parallel between its end terminals, the sections of the two lines being intertwined.
  • the capacitor electrodes are made in the same two metallization levels than those in which are made the conductive lines.
  • the capacitors have values between 0.1 and 10 pF, the center frequency of the coupler being between a few tens of MHz and a few tens of GHz.
  • a feature of the present invention is provide capacitors, no longer to connect the ends respective one line at the ends of the other line but to connect the respective ends of the same line.
  • capacitors have values appreciably higher makes the coupler (including its directivity) less sensitive compared to variations in values of capacitors following technological dispersions or reason for the presence of parasitic capacities which in turn remain of the order of femtofarad.
  • FIG. 3 represents a coupler 20 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Line 11 constitutes the line main of IN and DIR terminals.
  • Line 12 corresponds to the line coupled with CPLD and ISO terminals.
  • a first capacitor Cs connects the IN and DIR terminals while a second capacitor Cs connects the CPLD and ISO terminals.
  • Lines 11 and 12 have the same lengths and the capacitors Cs both have the same value.
  • conductive lines and capacitors depends on the application and more particularly of the center frequency of the desired bandwidth for the coupler.
  • sections 11 and 12 have lengths corresponding to ⁇ / 4, where ⁇ represents the length of the central frequency of the band.
  • capacitors Cs reduces the width of the strip but already improves the directivity.
  • they allow undersize ⁇ due to the offset they bring on the center frequency.
  • Figure 4 shows a second embodiment preferred of a coupler 30 distributed according to the invention.
  • a structure is used known as the Lange coupler in which the two conductive sections 11 'and 12' are prohibited.
  • sections are provided each comprising two branches 111 and 112, respectively 121 and 122 parallel and nested with the branches of the other line.
  • each section is, from an electrical point of view, consisting of two parallel sections 111 and 112, respectively 121 and 122, between terminals IN and DIR, respectively CPLD and ISO.
  • 114 and 124 perpendicular extensions of the runways conductive connect one end of sections 112 and 122, by example at terminals IN and ISO, respectively.
  • Sections (bridges) conductors 113 and 123 connect the free ends respective sections 112 and 122 at terminals DIR and CPLD respectively.
  • connections 113 and 123 are made by vias (not shown) and conductive tracks in a second level of metallization in relation to the metallization level in which tracks 111, 112, 114, 121, 122 and 124 are produced.
  • the terminals IN and DIR are linked to each other by capacitors Cs.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that the realization of the capacitors takes advantage of the fact that the lines conductive are already carried out in two metallization levels distinct. Therefore, one can use these two metallization levels and the dielectric that separates them for forming the integrated capacitors Cs specific to the invention.
  • the dimensioning corresponds to individual sections 111, 112, 121 and 122 of length ⁇ / 4 for a center frequency corresponding to the wavelength ⁇ .
  • Such a coupler is generally used to increase the coupling by reducing parasitic capacities.
  • the Lange coupler for a frequency substantially greater (i.e. with a length ⁇ / 4 substantially lower), and find the operating frequency desired. In this case, the coupling is reduced and the directivity of the coupler.
  • a coupler according to the invention is chosen according to the application. To account for this that the capacitors Cs must have higher values with parasitic capacities, a coupler of the invention is more particularly dedicated to frequencies between a few tens of MHz and a few tens of GHz. The capacitors They then have values between 0.1 and 10 picofarads.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the addition of capacitors Cs slightly increases the coupling while considerably increasing the directivity (by more than 10 dB). In addition, insulation is improved and losses only slightly increase (less than 0.5 dB).
  • the surface occupied by such a coupler is substantially the same as for a conventional coupler, the surface necessary for the realization of the capacitors being compensated by reducing the lengths of the conductive sections.
  • the present invention is capable of various variations and modifications that will appear to humans art.
  • the dimensions to be given to the different conductive sections of the coupler as well as to the capacitors are within the reach of the skilled person depending on the application to from the functional indications given above.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
EP03300244A 2002-12-06 2003-12-08 Richtkoppler Expired - Fee Related EP1427053B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0215477 2002-12-06
FR0215477 2002-12-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1427053A1 true EP1427053A1 (de) 2004-06-09
EP1427053B1 EP1427053B1 (de) 2009-04-01

Family

ID=32310032

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03300244A Expired - Fee Related EP1427053B1 (de) 2002-12-06 2003-12-08 Richtkoppler

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7394333B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1427053B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2004289797A (de)
DE (1) DE60326917D1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014050623A1 (ja) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-03 太陽誘電株式会社 方向性結合回路装置

Families Citing this family (29)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1753071A1 (de) 2005-08-04 2007-02-14 Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. Mikrowellen- Filterbänke
EP1950828A1 (de) 2007-01-25 2008-07-30 Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. Passiver Mikrowellen-(De)Multiplexer
FR2933540B1 (fr) * 2008-07-01 2011-12-02 St Microelectronics Tours Sas Coupleur directif integre
JP5169844B2 (ja) * 2009-01-06 2013-03-27 三菱電機株式会社 方向性結合器
US7961064B2 (en) * 2009-01-30 2011-06-14 Tdk Corporation Directional coupler including impedance matching and impedance transforming attenuator
US8965454B2 (en) * 2009-03-04 2015-02-24 Andrew Llc Amplifier system for cell sites and other suitable applications
JP5455662B2 (ja) * 2010-01-13 2014-03-26 三菱電機株式会社 方向性結合器
EP2360776B1 (de) * 2010-02-16 2017-07-12 Whirlpool Corporation Mikrowellenrichtkoppler
US8299871B2 (en) * 2010-02-17 2012-10-30 Analog Devices, Inc. Directional coupler
KR101119910B1 (ko) * 2010-05-03 2012-02-29 한국과학기술원 모바일 ｒｆｉｄ 리더 송수신 시스템
WO2012017713A1 (ja) * 2010-08-03 2012-02-09 株式会社村田製作所 方向性結合器
JP5609574B2 (ja) 2010-11-12 2014-10-22 三菱電機株式会社 方向性結合器
US8928428B2 (en) * 2010-12-22 2015-01-06 Rfaxis, Inc. On-die radio frequency directional coupler
US8981873B2 (en) * 2011-02-18 2015-03-17 Hittite Microwave Corporation Absorptive tunable bandstop filter with wide tuning range and electrically tunable all-pass filter useful therein
WO2012124374A1 (ja) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-20 株式会社村田製作所 方向性結合器
US20130027273A1 (en) 2011-07-27 2013-01-31 Tdk Corporation Directional coupler and wireless communication device
JP2013030904A (ja) * 2011-07-27 2013-02-07 Tdk Corp 方向性結合器および無線通信装置
JP5435309B2 (ja) * 2011-08-25 2014-03-05 Ｔｄｋ株式会社 方向性結合器および無線通信装置
US9048805B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2015-06-02 Rf Micro Devices, Inc. Tunable duplexer architecture
US9190979B2 (en) * 2012-02-07 2015-11-17 Rf Micro Devices, Inc. Hybrid coupler
US9042275B2 (en) 2012-02-07 2015-05-26 Rf Micro Devices, Inc. Tunable duplexer architecture
EP2878037A1 (de) 2012-07-27 2015-06-03 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (PUBL) Verbesserter quadratur-hybrid
US20150042412A1 (en) * 2013-08-07 2015-02-12 Qualcomm Incorporated Directional coupler circuit techniques
GB2528278B (en) 2014-07-16 2020-12-16 Technetix Bv Cable tap
GB201520975D0 (en) * 2015-11-27 2016-01-13 Technetix Bv Cable tap
WO2018079614A1 (ja) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 株式会社村田製作所 方向性結合器内蔵基板、高周波フロントエンド回路及び通信装置
US10735045B2 (en) 2018-04-23 2020-08-04 Qorvo Us, Inc. Diplexer circuit
CN112164852A (zh) * 2020-10-27 2021-01-01 深圳振华富电子有限公司 微带型兰格耦合器
CN115377640B (zh) * 2022-08-07 2023-07-28 西安电子工程研究所 一种具有跨接电容的微带定向耦合器

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JPS5662402A (en) * 1979-10-26 1981-05-28 Fujitsu Ltd Directional coupler
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JPH05259717A (ja) * 1991-12-20 1993-10-08 Nec Corp マイクロストリップ結合器
US5629654A (en) * 1996-05-06 1997-05-13 Watkins-Johnson Company Coplanar waveguide coupler
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JPH05259717A (ja) * 1991-12-20 1993-10-08 Nec Corp マイクロストリップ結合器
US5629654A (en) * 1996-05-06 1997-05-13 Watkins-Johnson Company Coplanar waveguide coupler
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014050623A1 (ja) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-03 太陽誘電株式会社 方向性結合回路装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20040113716A1 (en) 2004-06-17
EP1427053B1 (de) 2009-04-01
US7394333B2 (en) 2008-07-01
JP2004289797A (ja) 2004-10-14
DE60326917D1 (de) 2009-05-14

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