EP1863116B1 - Breitbandrichtkoppler - Google Patents

Breitbandrichtkoppler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1863116B1
EP1863116B1 EP07109045A EP07109045A EP1863116B1 EP 1863116 B1 EP1863116 B1 EP 1863116B1 EP 07109045 A EP07109045 A EP 07109045A EP 07109045 A EP07109045 A EP 07109045A EP 1863116 B1 EP1863116 B1 EP 1863116B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
line
attenuators
terminal
pass filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP07109045A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1863116A1 (de
Inventor
François DUPONT
Hilal Ezzeddine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STMicroelectronics SA
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STMicroelectronics SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STMicroelectronics SA filed Critical STMicroelectronics SA
Publication of EP1863116A1 publication Critical patent/EP1863116A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1863116B1 publication Critical patent/EP1863116B1/de
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
    • H01P5/185—Edge coupled lines
    • H01P5/186—Lange couplers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of couplers which are intended to extract information proportional to a signal conveyed by a transmission line.
  • the invention more particularly relates to couplers made by means of conductive lines coupled to each other without contact. These couplers are called distributed line couplers as opposed to localized element couplers, made from capacitive and inductive elements.
  • the present invention applies more particularly to the field of radio frequency couplers, for example, for mobile radio type of communication applications.
  • the figure 1 represents a typical example of a distributed line coupler.
  • a main line 11 connects an IN input access to a DIR output port. This line 11 constitutes the primary of the coupler and is intended to convey the useful signal.
  • a secondary line 12 is arranged parallel to the line 11 so as to ensure a coupling without contact therewith to take a part of the power present on the line 11.
  • the two ends of the line 12 define accesses, respectively CPLD intended to interpret the result of the coupling and ISO usually isolated, that is to say in the air.
  • the coupler is typically made by metal tracks deposited on an insulating substrate.
  • the first three parameters above are generally measured while the two unacknowledged terminals are loaded by standard impedances (typically 50 ohms).
  • the lengths given to the main and secondary lines are calculated according to the center frequency of the bandwidth for which the coupler is intended and the desired coupling. Typically, these lines have lengths corresponding to a quarter of the wavelength of this central frequency. The longer the lines, the more insertion losses are important.
  • the figure 2 represents, very schematically and in block form, a radiofrequency transmission chain of the type to which the present invention applies by way of example.
  • An emission amplifier 1 receives an RF radiofrequency signal to be transmitted by an antenna 2.
  • a 10-line coupler is used distributed between the output of FIG. the amplifier 1 and the antenna 2.
  • the IN and DIR ports of the transmission main line 11 are respectively connected to the output of the amplifier 1 and to the input of the antenna 2.
  • the terminal CPLD of the coupled line is connected in input of a detector 2 (DET) whose output is compared (comparator 4) to the reference signal REF to adjust the transmit power (the gain) of the amplifier 1.
  • a signal entering via the terminal DIR is trapped by the terminal ISO so as to prevent this signal from reaching the application, for example the amplifier 1 ( figure 2 ).
  • the ISO terminal is usually charged with a 50 ohm impedance connected to ground. Higher directivity is a higher dB attenuation between ISO and CPLD access.
  • an external isolator is provided between the coupler 10 and the antenna 2 so as to prevent a return of the signal to the amplifier 1.
  • the coupler does not need to be directive and the terminal ISO is usually left in the air.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to directional couplers.
  • a disadvantage of the couplers of the type illustrated in figure 1 is that the coupling is very sensitive to the frequency of the emitted signal.
  • a directional coupler is described, for example, in the patent application No. US-A 2004/0113716 of the plaintiff.
  • This coupler is with interdigital transmission lines, also known under the name of Lange coupler.
  • a Lange structure improves the coupling between the lines.
  • capacitive elements are provided between terminals of the coupler, or between some of these terminals and the ground.
  • a disadvantage is that, in the ranges of frequencies to which the invention is directed, the values of the capacitive elements are so small that they approach the parasitic capacitance values of the structure, which makes the coupler difficult to achieve.
  • the present invention aims to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of known couplers in distributed lines.
  • the invention aims more particularly to keep a low coupling substantially constant over a wide band while maintaining a good directivity.
  • said localized element structure comprises, on the second end of the second line, two attenuators between which a low-pass filter is arranged.
  • the low-pass filter or filters comprise exclusively a conductive plane winding.
  • said attenuators each consist of an assembly of resistive elements providing input / output impedances equal to a reference impedance.
  • said assemblies are in " ⁇ ".
  • said distributed-line structure is a Lange structure.
  • no element has any capacitive element with the exception of possible parasitic capacitances.
  • the invention also provides a radiofrequency transmission system comprising, between a transmission amplifier and a connection to an antenna, a directional coupler.
  • a feature of an embodiment of the present invention is to combine a Lange structure-type distributed line structure with a localized element structure comprising at least one low-pass filter in series with the secondary line of the distributed structure.
  • the figure 2 represents the diagram of an embodiment of a coupler according to the present invention.
  • This coupler has a distributed line structure 20 associated with a localized element structure 30, the combination of these two structures providing the coupler as a whole.
  • the structure 20 is in the form of a Lange structure in which the lines 11 'and 12' are interdigitated.
  • each line comprises two parallel rectilinear sections 111 and 112, respectively 121 and 122.
  • the section 111 connects the IN and DIR ports of the coupler.
  • the section 121 parallel to the section 111, connects internal accesses ICPLD and IISO of the distributed line structure. Between the sections 111 and 121 are successively arranged the section 122, then the section 112, to obtain the interdigitated structure.
  • the sections 111 and 112 are connected by a perpendicular section 113 on the access side IN.
  • a perpendicular link section 123 connects the ends of the sections 121 and 122 on the IISO access side.
  • conductive sections (bridges) 114 and 124 connect the respective free ends of sections 112 and 122 to accesses DIR and ICPLD respectively.
  • the links 114 and 124 are made by vias (not shown) and conductive tracks in a second conductive level with respect to a level in which are realized , in plan, the tracks 111, 112, 113, 121, 122 and 123 as well as access pads IN, DIR ICPLD and IISO.
  • the localized element structure 30 is constituted, between the ICPLD port and a CPLD terminal of the coupler intended to be connected to the application (for example to a detector 3 of the type illustrated by FIG. figure 2 ), two attenuators 31 and 32 between which is interposed a low-pass filter 35.
  • Each attenuator 31, 32 is for example constituted by a ⁇ (pi) assembly of three resistive elements R311, R312 and R313, respectively R321, R322 and R323.
  • the resistive element R311 connects the access ICPLD to a first end of the inductive element 33 whose other end is connected to the terminal CPLD by the resistor R321.
  • Each resistive element R312, R313, R322 or R323 connects a terminal of one of the resistors R311 and R321 to ground M.
  • the low-pass filter 35 consists, for example, of an inductive element formed by a plane winding of a track conductive on an insulating support, the other face preferably comprises a ground plane M. The presence of this ground plane under the inductive element has been illustrated in FIG. figure 3 by an electrode 351 connected to the ground M.
  • the insulating support may be the same substrate as that receiving the structure 20.
  • the distributed line structure 20 provides isolation between the transmission line 11 'and the coupled line 12'.
  • the presence of the attenuators 31 and 32 decreases the power of the coupling while the low-pass filter provides stability in frequency.
  • a low-pass filter of the first order is sufficient in the applications covered by the invention.
  • the ISO terminal is, for example, intended to be connected to a second detector, which justifies the presence of the low-pass filter 36 and the two attenuators 33 and 34.
  • the presence of the two attenuators contributes to obtaining a low coupling factor (significant attenuation) while maintaining a high directivity.
  • One advantage of the combination of the two structures 20 and 30 is that it makes it possible to size the Lange structure for a coupling of a relatively large factor, which does not impose too small dimensions and preserves acceptable insertion losses. . This structure becomes easily achievable while preserving a good directivity. The attenuation complement of the coupled channel then comes from the attenuators.
  • the quality factor of the inductive elements 35 and 36 is not critical for the implementation of the invention insofar as these inductors are placed on the coupled and isolated channels.
  • these inductive elements are located on the attenuated path (secondary line) with respect to the transmission line main, a possible coupling between the two inductive elements will remain negligible.
  • the figure 4 represents schematically and in block form, a second embodiment of a coupler according to the invention.
  • the localized element structure 30 ' has, on the ISO terminal side, only an attenuator 33 (ATT1').
  • ATT1' Attenuator 33
  • Such an assembly is more particularly intended for the case where only the terminal CPLD is charged by a detector.
  • the ISO terminal is then connected to ground via a 50 ohm load (or reference impedance). Be careful not to connect the ISO terminal directly to the ground otherwise the coupler would no longer be directive.
  • the figure 3 Compared to the assembly of the figure 4 , the figure 3 has the advantage of a symmetrical structure. However, it requires one inductor and three more resistors.
  • An advantage of the coupler of the present invention is that it is devoid of capacitive element (other than potential parasitic capacitances such as, for example, between the tracks forming the inductances of the filters 35 and 36 and the electrodes 351 and 361). This makes the structure robust to electro-static discharges (ESD) without requiring additional protection.
  • ESD electro-static discharges
  • Another advantage of the coupler of the invention is to reduce the ripple of the coupling factor in each band as well as from one band to another in a multi-frequency band application compared to conventional couplers. In addition, it allows to use a single coupler.
  • the variation of the coupling factor from one band to another between the GSM band (around 200 MHz around 900 MHz) and the DCS band (around 200 MHz around 1.8 GHz) goes from 12 dB to less than 2 dB.
  • the variation of the coupling factor goes from about 1 dB to less than 0.3 dB.
  • Such a coupler has a total footprint of 1.8 by 1.2 mm 2 when it is made using technologies of the type used for the manufacture of integrated circuits.
  • the present invention is susceptible of various variations and modifications which will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the distributed-line structure may be more complex (more interdigital branches) or, conversely, a non-interdigitated distributed structure.
  • the dimensions of the various elements used by the invention are within the abilities of those skilled in the art from the functional indications given above and according to the intended application.
  • ⁇ resistive attenuators are a preferred embodiment, other localized element arrangements may be provided, for example, any "T" or other attenuation structure, ensuring 50 ohms (or other reference impedance) on either side of the attenuation structure.

Landscapes

  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Filters And Equalizers (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Ein gerichteter Koppler, der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass er Folgendes aufweist:
    eine erste Struktur (20) mit verteilten Leitungen, die eine erste leitende Leitung (11') besitzen, die gedacht ist zum Führen eines Hauptsignals zwischen zwei Endterminals bzw. -anschlüssen (IN, DIR) und die eine zweite leitende Leitung (12') besitzen, die mit der ersten gekoppelt ist, und zwar zum Leiten bzw. Befördern eines zweiten Signals, das proportional zu dem Hauptsignal ist; und
    eine zweite Struktur (30) mit lokalen Elementen, die Folgendes aufweisen: zwischen einem ersten Terminal (CPLD) von dem Koppler zum Extrahieren des zweiten Signals und einem ersten Ende (ICPLD) von der zweiten Leitung, zwei Dämpfer bzw. Dämpfungsglieder (31, 32) in Reihe, zwischen denen ein Tiefpassfilter (35) angeordnet ist, und zwischen einem zweiten Terminal (ISO) von dem Koppler und dem zweiten Ende (IISO) von der zweiten Leitung wenigstens einen Dämpfer (33).
  2. Koppler nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Struktur mit lokalen Elementen (30') Folgendes aufweist: auf der Seite von dem zweiten Ende (IISO) von der zweiten Leitung (12'), zwei Dämpfer (33, 34) zwischen denen ein Tiefpassfilter (36) angeordnet ist.
  3. Koppler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der bzw. die Tiefpassfilter (35, 36) exklusiv eine leitende planare Wicklung aufweisen.
  4. Koppler nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Dämpfer bzw. Dämpfungsglieder (31, 32, 33, 34) jeweils gebildet sind aus einer Anordnung von Widerstandselementen (R311, R312, R313; R321, R322, R323; R331, R332, R333; R341, R342, R343) die Eingangs-/- Ausgangsimpedanzen vorsehen, die gleich einer Referenzimpedanz sind.
  5. Koppler nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Anordnungen "π" Anordnungen sind.
  6. Koppler nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Struktur mit verteilten Leitungen (20) eine Lange-Struktur ist.
  7. Koppler nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei kein Element ein kapazitives Element aufweist, außer für mögliche Streukapazitäten.
  8. Eine hochfrequente Übertragungskette, die zwischen einem Sendeverstärker (1) und einer Verbindung zu einer Antenne (2) einen Koppler gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 aufweist.
EP07109045A 2006-05-30 2007-05-28 Breitbandrichtkoppler Expired - Fee Related EP1863116B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0651948A FR2901919A1 (fr) 2006-05-30 2006-05-30 Coupleur directif large bande

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1863116A1 EP1863116A1 (de) 2007-12-05
EP1863116B1 true EP1863116B1 (de) 2009-01-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07109045A Expired - Fee Related EP1863116B1 (de) 2006-05-30 2007-05-28 Breitbandrichtkoppler

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7671698B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1863116B1 (de)
DE (1) DE602007000501D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2901919A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010087184A1 (ja) * 2009-01-29 2010-08-05 パナソニック株式会社 差動伝送回路及びそれを備えた電子機器
US7961064B2 (en) * 2009-01-30 2011-06-14 Tdk Corporation Directional coupler including impedance matching and impedance transforming attenuator
FR2947400B1 (fr) * 2009-06-26 2011-06-03 St Microelectronics Tours Sas Circuit de couplage multibandes
WO2011074370A1 (ja) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-23 株式会社村田製作所 方向性結合器
US8299871B2 (en) * 2010-02-17 2012-10-30 Analog Devices, Inc. Directional coupler
US8169277B2 (en) 2010-02-19 2012-05-01 Harris Corporation Radio frequency directional coupler device and related methods
FR2965113B1 (fr) * 2010-09-17 2012-09-21 St Microelectronics Tours Sas Architecture de couplage multi-bande
US20130027273A1 (en) * 2011-07-27 2013-01-31 Tdk Corporation Directional coupler and wireless communication device
JP5462416B2 (ja) * 2011-11-22 2014-04-02 三菱電機株式会社 金属細線電磁シールドの製造方法、金属細線電磁シールドおよびそれを備える静止誘導機器
JP5812184B2 (ja) * 2012-03-02 2015-11-11 株式会社村田製作所 方向性結合器
WO2017143045A1 (en) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-24 Eagantu Ltd. Wide band directional coupler
US9893409B2 (en) * 2016-07-01 2018-02-13 Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Branch-line coupler
WO2020045429A1 (ja) 2018-08-30 2020-03-05 株式会社村田製作所 方向性結合器
US10644375B1 (en) 2018-11-14 2020-05-05 Nanning Fugui Precision Industrial Co., Ltd. Branch-line coupler
US11322815B2 (en) * 2020-04-22 2022-05-03 Macom Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc. Prematched power resistance in lange couplers and other circuits
CN113676195A (zh) * 2020-05-15 2021-11-19 大富科技(安徽)股份有限公司 一种腔体耦合器及其通信电路

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US5523725A (en) * 1994-03-03 1996-06-04 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Signal-to-noise enhancer
JP3063054B2 (ja) * 1996-03-08 2000-07-12 株式会社村田製作所 分配器、合成器およびｓ／ｎエンハンサ
DE69730389T2 (de) * 1996-03-22 2005-01-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma Tiefpassfilter mit richtkoppler und tragbares telefon damit
ATE468660T1 (de) * 2000-03-15 2010-06-15 Hitachi Metals Ltd Hochfrequenz-modul und drahtloses nachrichtengerät
KR100440252B1 (ko) * 2002-05-15 2004-07-15 한국전자통신연구원 에스엔 강화기
US7218186B2 (en) * 2004-01-02 2007-05-15 Scientific Components Corporation Directional coupler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2901919A1 (fr) 2007-12-07
DE602007000501D1 (de) 2009-03-12
EP1863116A1 (de) 2007-12-05
US7671698B2 (en) 2010-03-02
US20070279147A1 (en) 2007-12-06

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