EP2136141A2 - Procédé et dispositif de détermination d'au moins une grandeur d'influence d'un processus de combustion - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de détermination d'au moins une grandeur d'influence d'un processus de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2136141A2
EP2136141A2 EP09162880A EP09162880A EP2136141A2 EP 2136141 A2 EP2136141 A2 EP 2136141A2 EP 09162880 A EP09162880 A EP 09162880A EP 09162880 A EP09162880 A EP 09162880A EP 2136141 A2 EP2136141 A2 EP 2136141A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
frequency
ionization
electrodes
determining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09162880A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2136141A3 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Daffner
Sascha Rese
Frank Duroy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2136141A2 publication Critical patent/EP2136141A2/fr
Publication of EP2136141A3 publication Critical patent/EP2136141A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
    • F23N2225/30—Measuring humidity measuring lambda
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/12—Flame sensors with flame rectification current detecting means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the device described in this patent.
  • Two electrodes 102, 103 protrude into a flame 101 whose properties are to be determined.
  • An alternating voltage U is applied at point 111.
  • This is applied to the electrode 102 via a capacitive coupling element 112 to an AC voltage.
  • the electrode 103 is connected to ground.
  • the coupling member 112 is connected to ground via a resistor 113 so that the ionization path (the flame region between the electrode 102 and the electrode 103) is electrically connected in parallel to the resistor 113.
  • a low-pass filter 122 which is connected on the output side to an evaluation device 123, is connected to the measuring electrode 102 via a voltage-impedance converter 121. With the aid of this circuit, the resistance of the ionization path between the electrode 102 and the electrode 103 can be determined. Because of this resistance conclusions can be drawn on the flame 101 and thus on the parameters of the combustion process.
  • Fig. 2a shows a common in the The prior art assumed equivalent circuit diagram for this distance when there is no flame between the two electrodes. In this case, the distance is approximated by a resistance 201 which is very large, approximately infinite.
  • Fig. 2b a common substitute circuit diagram adopted in the prior art illustrates that there exists a flame between the two electrodes 102 and 103. In this case, the flame can be approximated by a resistor 202 and a diode 203.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge gained by the inventors for the first time that the ionization path should not be approximated by a frequency-independent resistor and a diode, as assumed in the prior art, but that the electrical behavior of the flame is more exact and further by a dipole or n-pole can be described, in particular contains frequency-dependent components to be considered.
  • the inventors have found that influencing variables, such as, for example, the gas type and / or the ⁇ value, influence parameters of the frequency-dependent dipole.
  • the representation can also be extended to an electric n-pole.
  • the invention makes it possible to use the burner unit with flame as a frequency-dependent system in the electro-technical sense (n-pole).
  • the frequency dependence can be detected and included in the determination of parameters.
  • the characteristic characteristics may e.g. Poles, zeros, gain, eigenvalues or cutoff frequencies. These characteristics may be influenced by factors such as e.g. the ⁇ value. The characteristics may under certain circumstances be e.g. be obtained from a transfer function.
  • the invention comprises a method for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process of a burner.
  • the method comprises the steps of providing at least two electrodes which are arranged at a predetermined distance on an ionization path crossing the flame and at predetermined positions in the flame and at the burner (flame origin), applying a signal to the electrodes, detecting a plurality of measured values of a measured variable, which result from the signal applied to the electrodes, and determining at least one influencing variable of the combustion process from the measured values measured.
  • the steps of applying a signal and acquiring several measured values are carried out such that the resulting Measurements are suitable to detect the frequency dependence of the measured variable.
  • the determination of the at least one influencing variable of the combustion process then takes place from the frequency dependence of the measured variable.
  • the frequency response and the step response can be used to describe the frequency dependence.
  • the step response captures the time behavior of the measurand on the basis of which the influencing variable can be determined.
  • the response to the applied signal is detected at different frequencies and used to determine at least one influencing variable of the combustion process.
  • An essential aspect of the method according to the invention is that a statement about the ion mobility within the flame is obtained by applying an alternating voltage and a measurement at different frequencies.
  • the fact is used that at different frequencies there is a different reaction (ion mobility) of the influenced ions, which is detected as a function of the frequency.
  • the method includes the step of determining a characteristic characteristic that describes the frequency dependence of the measurand.
  • the characteristic parameter may comprise one or more elements from the group of time constant and / or gain of a transfer function, matrix of a state space representation, characteristic of a neural network and inner circuit, wherein the inner circuit can be represented by resistors, capacitors, coils and / or diodes.
  • the method may include the steps of applying a voltage to the electrodes, measuring the ionization current flowing through the ionization path due to the applied voltage, determining a characteristic that describes the frequency dependency of the ionization current based on the measured ionization current and determining at least one influence quantity the combustion process based on the characteristic parameter.
  • a voltage is used as the signal and a current as a measured variable, so that a simple measuring circuit can be used.
  • the method may include the steps of applying a first voltage at a first frequency to the electrodes, measuring a first ionization current resulting from the first voltage, Applying a second voltage at a second frequency to the electrodes and measuring a second ionization current resulting from the second voltage.
  • the method may include the steps of applying a first and second frequency voltage to the electrodes and simultaneously measuring a first ionization current component resulting from the voltage component at the first frequency and a second ionization current component based at the second voltage Frequency results.
  • the method includes the steps of applying a plurality of voltages each having a frequency to the electrodes and / or applying a voltage having a plurality of frequencies to the electrodes and measuring a plurality of ionization currents and / or ionization current components, each ionization current and / or or Ionisationsstromanteil a frequency is assigned.
  • the method includes the step of determining a frequency-dependent transfer function of the ionization path based on the measured ionization currents and / or ionization current components.
  • the method according to the invention may include the step of applying a voltage that is essentially a DC voltage is and performs a voltage jump at a predetermined time.
  • the method may include the steps of measuring the ionization current resulting from the applied voltage and determining at least one characteristic of the ionization path based on the ionization current, wherein the at least one characteristic describes the frequency dependency of the ionization current.
  • the method may include the steps of determining a step response based on the measured ionization current and determining at least one characteristic of the ionization path due to the step response.
  • a first electrode is arranged so that it projects into the flame
  • a second electrode is arranged so that it is located at the base of the flame or protrudes into the flame.
  • determining at least one of the parameters of the combustion process determines a ⁇ -value of a fuel-air mixture or a temporal stability of the flame.
  • the invention comprises a method for calibrating resources of an incineration plant with the steps of the method according to the invention for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process and the additional step of calibrating resources of an incineration plant based on the determined at least one influencing variable of the combustion process.
  • the invention comprises a method for controlling and / or regulating a supply of the flame with fuel and air with the steps of the method according to the invention for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process and the step controlling and / or regulating a supply of the flame with fuel and Air based on the determined at least one parameter of the combustion process.
  • the invention comprises a device for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process of a burner.
  • the device comprises at least two electrodes which are arranged at a predetermined distance on an ionization path crossing the flame and at predetermined positions in the flame and at the burner (flame origin), means for applying a signal to the electrodes, means for detecting a plurality of measured values of a measured variable which result from the signal applied to the electrodes, and means for determining at least one influencing variable of the combustion process from the measured values measured.
  • the means for applying a signal and the means for acquiring a plurality of measured values are set up such that the resulting measured values are suitable for detecting the frequency dependence of the measured variable.
  • the means for determining the at least one influencing variable of the combustion process determine the at least one influencing variable from the frequency dependence of the measured variable.
  • the device according to the invention can achieve the same advantages as the method according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention comprises means for determining a characteristic parameter which describes the frequency dependence of the measured variable.
  • the characteristic parameter may comprise one or more elements from a group of time constants and / or amplification of a transfer function, a matrix of a state space representation, a characteristic of a neural network and internal circuitry.
  • An inner circuit can be imaged, for example, by resistors, capacitors, coils and / or diodes.
  • the device of the invention comprises means for applying a voltage to the electrodes, means for measuring the ionization current flowing across the ionization path due to the applied voltage, means for determining a characteristic indicia describing the frequency dependency of the ionization current based on the measured ionization current and means for determining at least one influencing variable of the combustion process on the basis of the characteristic parameter.
  • the device may include means for applying a first voltage at a first frequency to the electrodes, means for measuring a first ionization current resulting from the first voltage, means for applying a second voltage at a second frequency to the electrodes, and means Measuring a second ionization current resulting from the second voltage include.
  • the device according to the invention may comprise means for applying a voltage having a first and second frequency to the electrodes and means for simultaneously measuring a first portion of the ionization current due to the voltage component resulting in the first frequency, and a second Ionisationsstromanteils resulting from the voltage component with the second frequency include.
  • the device of the invention comprises means for applying a plurality of voltages each having a frequency to the electrodes and / or applying a voltage having a plurality of frequencies to the electrodes and means for measuring a plurality of ionization currents and / or ionization current components, each Ionization and / or Ionisationsstromanteil a frequency is assigned.
  • the apparatus of the invention may include means for determining a frequency-dependent transfer function of the ionization path based on the measured ionization currents and / or ionization current components.
  • the device includes means for applying a voltage that is substantially a DC voltage and that makes a voltage jump at a predetermined time.
  • the device may comprise means for measuring the ionization current, which results from the applied voltage, and means for determining at least one characteristic of the ionization path due to the ionization current, wherein the at least one characteristic describes the frequency dependence of the ionization current.
  • the device according to the invention then comprises means for determining a step response based on the measured ionization current and means for determining at least one characteristic of the ionization path due to the step response.
  • a first electrode is arranged so that it projects into the flame, and a second electrode is arranged so that it is located at the base of the flame or protrudes into the flame.
  • the means for determining at least one parameter of the combustion process determines a ⁇ -value of a fuel-air mixture and / or a temporal stability of the flame.
  • the invention comprises a device for calibrating operating means of a combustion plant with the means of the inventive device for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process and additionally a means for calibrating resources of a combustion plant based on the determined at least one influencing variable of the combustion process.
  • the invention comprises a device for controlling and / or regulating a supply of the flame with fuel and air with the means of the inventive device for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process and an additional means for controlling and / or regulating a supply of the flame Fuel and air are based on the determined at least one influencing variable of the combustion process.
  • the invention comprises a device for heating with a device according to the invention described above, a device for Cooling with a device according to the invention described above and a device for generating a climate with a device according to the invention described above.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the approach of the real flame by a frequency-dependent two-pole electric or n-pole.
  • An electrode 302 protrudes into the flame 301, while a second electrode 303 is located at the base of the flame.
  • the electrical behavior of the Burner and the flame 301 can be represented by a two-pole or n-pole 304 containing frequency-dependent components.
  • the resulting equivalent circuit is on the right side of Fig. 3 shown.
  • the characteristics of the frequency-dependent electrical two-pole 304 are dependent on the influencing variables P j of the flame.
  • the influencing variables P j can be, for example, a ⁇ value, a gas type or even a power.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention in combination with parts of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process.
  • Devices of the device are shown schematically in the figures and can be realized for example by means of a hardware circuit and / or a processor with program.
  • the illustrated embodiment of the method according to the invention begins with the application of a suitable signal to the electrodes with the device for applying a signal 401.
  • This signal is a step function in the present example.
  • the use of a periodic signal, such as a square or sine wave signal is also possible.
  • the frequency should be changed so that the change in the signal is faster than the ion mobility. This allows the frequency response to be created later over a wide frequency range.
  • the frequency dependence of the two-pole between the two electrodes 302 and 303 can be determined with this signal.
  • the electrode 302 protrudes into the flame 301.
  • the other electrode 303 is provided at the base of the flame.
  • the flame between the two electrodes are burners with flame of a gas wall device.
  • the electrical behavior of the two-pole is dependent on the influencing variables P j 305.
  • These influencing variables can be, for example, a ⁇ value, a gas type, a power, etc.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates further steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention in combination with parts of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process.
  • the next step of the method comprises the acquisition of a plurality of measured values of a measured variable by means of the device for detecting a plurality of measured values 501.
  • the measurement can take place, for example, continuously or discretely.
  • the result is a measurand X 502, which is a function of the influence parameter P j 305.
  • values can be considered as measured variables which were determined on the basis of the measurement of the step response or of the frequency response.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates further steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention in combination with parts of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process.
  • at least one characteristic characteristic of the frequency-dependent dipole is determined by means of a corresponding device 602.
  • an internal structure could be a particular order transfer function or an equivalent electrical circuit that approximates the electrical behavior of the flame.
  • the characteristics of the bipole could be varied in a device with a method so be that the behavior of the two-pole of the measured variable approximates as best as possible.
  • the parameters Y i determined from this represent a function of the measured quantity X, which in turn is a function of the influencing parameters P j .
  • parameters for example, the time constant and gain of the transfer function in question or a state space representation. If a replacement circuit is specified as an internal structure, the parameters could also represent, for example, resistances, capacitances, inductances or diodes.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates further steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention in combination with parts of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process.
  • a device for determining at least one influencing variable of the combustion process 702 uses the previously determined characteristic quantities Y i and basic data 701 as input variables and maps these to approximate values of the influencing variables Pj.
  • the basic data 701 may include, for example, previously recorded parameters for known influencing variables Pj for a device or a device family. They can be stored in the form of a characteristic field in the device for determining at least one influencing variable of the combustion process 702. In this case, the characteristics Y i would be represented as a function of the known influencing variables Pj in the characteristic diagrams.
  • Fig. 8 shows as a practical embodiment of the inventive method measured values of a characteristic field, which represents the step response as a function of the air ratio ⁇ at a modulation of 50%.
  • a heat generator a Vitodens 200-35kW / D Hamburg was used, which is a standard device with cylinder burner and ionization. The one for flame monitoring necessary connection of the ionization electrode was used here for signal feed / ionization current measurement. The energy source used was pure methane G20. It can clearly be seen that the time dependence of the ionization current continuously changes with increasing air ratio ⁇ and can therefore be used as a measure for determining the influencing variable ⁇ of the combustion process. For example, the maximum value of the ionization current at a predetermined time can be used as the measured variable.
  • the information obtained in each step may be used by a controller and / or controller, for example to control the fuel supply to the flame.
  • Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention and of the method according to the invention for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process.
  • Means for applying a signal 901 generates a jump function which serves as a signal.
  • As an influencing variable of the flame only the ⁇ value is considered in the illustrated example.
  • the flame is generated by a gas wall device.
  • the response to the jump function 904 is measured discretely by a device for acquiring several measured values of a measured variable 903.
  • a device for determining a characteristic parameter 905 subsequently determines at least one characteristic variable 906 on the basis of the step response and the predefined internal structure, here as a Transfer function of certain order is specified.
  • the combustion process 907 carried out an evaluation, the result of which is an approximate value of the current ⁇ value.
  • Fig. 10 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention and of the method according to the invention for determining at least one influencing variable of a combustion process.
  • a device for applying a signal 1001 generates a jump function 1002.
  • the ⁇ value is considered.
  • the flame is generated by a gas wall device.
  • the response to the jump function 904 is measured discretely by a device for acquiring a plurality of measured values of a measured variable 1003.
  • a device for determining a characteristic parameter 1005 determines characteristics 1006 based on the step response 1004 and the predetermined internal structure, which is represented here by an electrical characteristic Equivalent circuit is specified.
  • a device for determining at least one influencing variable of the combustion process 1007 determines an approximate value of the current ⁇ value.
  • Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • This embodiment is similar to the embodiments described so far and differs from those in the Figures 9 and 10 shown embodiments in that the determination of the influencing variable is done directly on the basis of the measured data obtained from the time course of the step response.
  • the measured data obtained from the time course of the step response.
  • the maximum value of the voltage at a certain predetermined time for example, be used as a measured variable, the maximum value of the voltage at a certain predetermined time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP09162880.0A 2008-06-17 2009-06-16 Procédé et dispositif de détermination d'au moins une grandeur d'influence d'un processus de combustion Withdrawn EP2136141A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008028423A DE102008028423B4 (de) 2008-06-17 2008-06-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von mindestens einer Einflussgröße eines Verbrennungsprozesses

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EP2136141A2 true EP2136141A2 (fr) 2009-12-23
EP2136141A3 EP2136141A3 (fr) 2017-09-20

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140248566A1 (en) * 2013-03-04 2014-09-04 Clearsign Combustion Corporation Combustion system including one or more flame anchoring electrodes and related methods
DE102019107367A1 (de) * 2019-03-22 2020-09-24 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zum Prüfen des Vorhandenseins einer Rückschlagklappe in einer Heizungsanlage

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4433425A1 (de) 1994-09-20 1996-03-21 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Regeleinrichtung zum Einstellen eines Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisches bei einem Gasbrenner

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DE1274781B (de) * 1965-11-01 1968-08-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Verbrennungswirkungsgrades bei Brennern
US3551908A (en) * 1967-12-26 1970-12-29 Combustion Eng Flame detector
DE19839160B4 (de) * 1998-08-28 2004-12-23 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Schaltung zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners
DE19947181B4 (de) * 1999-10-01 2005-03-17 Gaswärme-Institut eV Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines für die aktuelle Luftzahl repräsentativen Signals
DE10137683C2 (de) * 2001-08-01 2003-05-28 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung von Verbrennungsvorgängen bei Brennstoffen
DE10220773A1 (de) * 2002-05-10 2003-11-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Regelung eines Verbrennungsprozesses, insbesondere eines Brenners
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EP1741979A1 (fr) * 2005-07-05 2007-01-10 Betronic Design B.V. Système de surveillance de flammes
PL1906092T3 (pl) * 2006-09-30 2014-11-28 Powitec Intelligent Tech Gmbh Sposób regulacji procesu spalania

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DE4433425A1 (de) 1994-09-20 1996-03-21 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Regeleinrichtung zum Einstellen eines Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisches bei einem Gasbrenner

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140248566A1 (en) * 2013-03-04 2014-09-04 Clearsign Combustion Corporation Combustion system including one or more flame anchoring electrodes and related methods
US9696034B2 (en) * 2013-03-04 2017-07-04 Clearsign Combustion Corporation Combustion system including one or more flame anchoring electrodes and related methods
DE102019107367A1 (de) * 2019-03-22 2020-09-24 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zum Prüfen des Vorhandenseins einer Rückschlagklappe in einer Heizungsanlage

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DE102008028423B4 (de) 2012-02-09
DE102008028423A1 (de) 2009-12-24
EP2136141A3 (fr) 2017-09-20

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