WO2004010157A1 - Procede pour mesurer un parametre de fonctionnement physique ou chimique pour un systeme d'analyse - Google Patents

Procede pour mesurer un parametre de fonctionnement physique ou chimique pour un systeme d'analyse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004010157A1
WO2004010157A1 PCT/DE2003/002346 DE0302346W WO2004010157A1 WO 2004010157 A1 WO2004010157 A1 WO 2004010157A1 DE 0302346 W DE0302346 W DE 0302346W WO 2004010157 A1 WO2004010157 A1 WO 2004010157A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
examination system
physical
excitation
measuring
chemical operating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2003/002346
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Jörg PLATH
Ernst-Christoph Hass
Uwe Sydow
Magnus Buhlert
Original Assignee
Mir-Chem Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mir-Chem Gmbh filed Critical Mir-Chem Gmbh
Priority to DE10393346T priority Critical patent/DE10393346D2/de
Priority to AU2003254628A priority patent/AU2003254628A1/en
Publication of WO2004010157A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004010157A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention lies in the field of measuring methods in which a physical and / or chemical operating parameter for an examination system is measured in order to obtain information about characteristic properties of the examination system.
  • WO 03/041209 describes a device for measuring an operating parameter of an electrochemical cell in a spatially and time-resolved manner.
  • different measuring arrangements are used to analyze the dynamic behavior of an electrochemical cell.
  • polarization changes are made to the plate elements of a battery, so that the battery relaxes several times from a non-stationary state into a stationary state. This process is repeated each time the polarization changes. It can be provided here that the polarization change is carried out several times in succession in order to obtain information about the behavior of the battery with periodic excitation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for measuring a physical / chemical operating parameter of an examination system, which extends the analysis options with regard to characteristic physical / chemical properties of the examination system.
  • this object is achieved by a method for measuring a physical / chemical operating parameter for an examination system, in particular an electrochemical cell, in which the examination system is acted upon several times with the aid of excitation pulses of a physical quantity influencing the examination system, in order to convert it into a relaxable, to be excited in a non-stationary state of the examination system, from which the examination system can relax with respect to the physical / chemical operating parameter in a relaxation time characteristic of the physical / chemical operating parameter, and the physical / chemical operating parameter is measured during excitation and when relaxing the examination system.
  • the examination system is used with successive excitation pulses acted upon in accordance with an excitation function, in which the successive excitation pulses excite the examination system at a time interval which is shorter than the relaxation time characteristic of the physical / chemical operating parameters of the examination system.
  • a complete relaxation takes place in principle after an infinite time.
  • the term relaxation time in the technical meaning used here is the time in which the examination system or the physical / chemical operating parameter has dropped again to about 5% of the maximum size of the excited state or to approximately 95% the desired steady state of the physical / has approached the chemical operating parameters.
  • the examination system can be any, simply or complexly designed systems for which physical / chemical measured variables are recorded using suitable measuring systems and which are brought at least for measuring purposes from a stationary state into a non-stationary state with the aid of a physical quantity from which the system then relaxes.
  • the relaxation time which is characteristic of the system in this case is known for a wide variety of systems or can be obtained with the aid of known measuring methods in order to take this time constant into account in the manner explained in the newly proposed method.
  • Possible physical / chemical measured variables are basically all measurable parameters of the system under investigation, for example current, voltage, pressure, temperature, intensity of radiation, density or concentration of a substance or the like.
  • An expedient development of the invention provides that a spectrum of the excitation function is formed in a frequency space by at least two harmonic functions or two fundamental frequencies.
  • the frequency spectrum of the excitation function is obtained with the help of a Fourier transformation of the temporal course of the successive the stimulus.
  • Asymmetrically periodic excitation patterns can be used for measurement and control tasks in which a non-steady state of one or more operating parameters from a defined steady state is to be examined. If, for example, an excitation function with a short rectangular pulse in the upper level and a subsequent long rectangular pulse in the lower level is used, the examination system is briefly transferred to a non-stationary state from which it cannot relax to "equilibrium", and then in brought a state from which it relaxes, so that the next excitation in the short-term state occurs from the "equilibrium". This method can be used, for example, to determine the behavior of an operating parameter in a non-stationary state.
  • chaotic excitation patterns make it possible to comprehensively record and control an examination system with regard to its complexity, which can be attributed in particular to the fact that the excitation occurs chaotically from stationary and non-stationary states.
  • a chaotic excitation function corresponds to a sequence of excitation pulses that is not periodic in a finite time interval.
  • a complex examination system preferably contains additional characteristic patterns in its response behavior, which go beyond the information content of the excitation pattern and can thus be analyzed and controlled with regard to their complexity; ie chaotic behavior is controlled by means of chaos.
  • chaotic behavior is controlled by means of chaos.
  • a complex examination system shows a response behavior with a simpler pattern than the excitation function, ie dampens the information content of the excitation pattern, for example if the excitation function is much faster than the relaxation behavior of the examination system regarding the examined operating parameters.
  • this allows conclusions to be drawn about the complexity of the investigated system and opens up further possibilities for controlling complex systems and for controlling chaos through chaos.
  • a temporally chaotic behavior is measured and evaluated for the physical / chemical operating parameters.
  • this chaotic behavior also reflects small system changes in a characteristic manner and with high sensitivity, so that a corresponding test arrangement can serve as a sensitive measuring probe for the system to be examined.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an electrochemical cell of a lead accumulator, in which a measuring probe is arranged;
  • FIG. 2 shows a periodic excitation function for several polarization changes in an accumulator
  • FIG. 3 shows a time series for the response behavior of a probe
  • FIG. 4 shows a 3-dimensional delay attractor with the coordinates of measured values M (t), M (t + ⁇ ) and M (t + 2 ⁇ ) and for a delay time (delay time) ⁇ that results from the Time series in Figure 2 was derived-
  • FIG. 5 shows an asymmetrical periodic excitation function for multiple polarization changes in an accumulator
  • FIG. 6 shows a time series for the response behavior of a probe
  • FIG. 7 shows the delay attractor, which was derived from the time series in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 shows an illustration of a chaotic excitation function for several polarization changes in an accumulator
  • FIG. 9 shows an illustration of a delay attractor that was generated from a time series of a response behavior (not shown) to the chaotic excitation function in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a lead accumulator 100 with a Pb electrode 101 and a PbO 2 electrode 102.
  • the two electrodes 101, 102 are arranged in an electrolyte solution 103 based on H 2 SO 4 .
  • a separator 104 is positioned between the two electrodes 101, 102.
  • a measuring probe 106, on which a measuring tip 107 is formed, is arranged in a space 105 between the two electrodes 101, 102.
  • the measuring probe 106 is connected via a high-resistance measuring unit 108 to a circuit 109 which connects the two electrodes 101, 102.
  • the measuring unit 108 is used to create a measuring circuit 110 for measuring a potential in the area of the measuring tip 107 opposite the Pb electrode 101.
  • the circuit shown is closed via a load resistor 111.
  • the measuring tip 107 can be positioned in any spatial points in the space 105 between the two electrodes 101, 102. In this way, local potential measurements can be carried out in the different spatial points.
  • the measuring points can be located in the space 105 in any local positions which are relatively displaced in height or laterally with respect to the position of the measuring tip 107 shown.
  • FIGS. 2 to 9 exemplary embodiments of a measuring method are explained with reference to FIGS. 2 to 9, in which the current is measured which flows through a measuring probe 106 between the two electrodes 101, 102 in the lead accumulator 100 when the polarization changes.
  • the polarization change is carried out periodically (FIG. 2), asymmetrically periodically (FIG.
  • the switching of the polarity is specified using a trigger circuit (not shown).
  • the current which flows against the electrodes 101 or 102 when the polarity of the probe 106 is reversed can be measured, for example, as a voltage drop across a suitable shunt resistor (not shown in FIG. 1). Since this voltage drop (and also the current) is very small, a suitable amplifier is expediently used, for example based on the lock-in technique.
  • FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, the basic response behavior of the measured variable M (for example the current measured as a voltage drop) as a function of time to a periodic trigger signal 200 according to FIG. 2.
  • the relaxation time of the measured current is approximately Is and the time between two polarity reversals approx. 0.3s.
  • the excitation of the examination system induced with the aid of the polarity reversal thus takes place at time intervals which are shorter than the relaxation time of the current.
  • other operating parameters e.g. a local concentration
  • the excitation pulse indicated by polarity reversal is given up for the other operating parameters after the relaxation time has expired.
  • FIG. 4 shows a graphic representation of the time profile of an overall variable P derived from the measured values M (t), M (t + ⁇ ) and M (t + 2 ⁇ ) according to FIG. 3 in a so-called delay phase space.
  • the measured values M (t), M (t + ⁇ ) and M (t + 2 ⁇ ) span a 3-dimensional, orthogonal coordinate system in which each point P is divided by three by vector addition. measured values offset from one another by the delay time ⁇ .
  • This is shown in FIG. 4 as an example for the point P (M (t), M (t + ⁇ ), M (t + 2 ⁇ )), which results from the corresponding three measured values from FIG. 3.
  • Arrows 204 indicate the direction of movement of the time course of point P.
  • the diversity that results from the movement of this point P the so-called attractor of the system, reflects the properties in a characteristic manner, particularly with regard to the dynamics of the system.
  • the attractor shown in FIG. 4 is typical of an (unstable) examination system that oscillates around a fixed point but does not run into it. This corresponds to the fact that the examination system is always disturbed before entering a stationary state, i.e. is driven into the reversed, non-stationary state. Furthermore, it can be concluded from the property of the attractor in FIG. 4 that the point P, due to a period of the trigger signal, ends up near the original position after a revolution, but not exactly there, that it is potentially a chaotic investigation system is. Quantitative information about the dynamics and thus also the chaotic properties of the system can be obtained from the Lyapunov exponents of the time series, which characterize their long-term behavior in a linear approximation. If the maximum Lyapunov exponent is positive, the system exhibits chaotic dynamics; and the magnitude of its value (for equal observation intervals) is a measure of the predictability of the system.
  • the response behavior of the accumulator 100 which can be registered with the aid of a current measurement, is a function of the physical (temperature) and electrochemical (for example acid density / electrolyte properties) properties of the system .
  • the properties of the accumulator 100 depend on the state of the accumulator 100, which is characterized, for example, by a specific charge / discharge state or state of aging. Depending on the state of the battery, 100 different Lyapunov exponents can be determined.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of an asymmetrically periodic trigger sequence 205
  • FIG. 6 shows in principle the resulting response behavior of the measured variable M.
  • the polarization state is excited only briefly with the positive deflection 206, i.e. the system cannot relax from this into the steady state, while the polarization state with the negative deflection 207 is maintained for a sufficiently long time and the system can relax steady state 208 in this case.
  • FIG. 7 shows the attractor derived from the time series shown in FIG. 6.
  • This attractor is typical of a system which runs around the fixed point 211 when passing through the positive half space, indicated by the revolving arrow 209, while it runs into the fixed point 211 when passing through the negative half space, indicated by the revolving arrow 210 and is stimulated into the positive half-space only after a certain dwell time.
  • the chaotic trigger signal namely a sequence of excitation pulses that is not periodic in a finite time interval
  • the discrete Fourier spectrum of the example of periodic triggering given above becomes dense in a quasi-continuous spectrum lying frequencies transforms and gives the system the possibility to react to the external stimulation in various ways.
  • the structure of the chaotic attractor of the response behavior differs for different charge states of the accumulator 100 as well as that of the attractors in the case of periodic and asymmetrically periodic driving.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour mesurer un paramètre de fonctionnement physique ou chimique pour un système d'analyse, en particulier une cellule électrochimique. Selon ledit procédé, le système d'analyse est soumis de façon répétée à une excitation à l'aide d'impulsions d'excitation d'une variable physique influant sur le système d'analyse pour que celui-ci passe à un état non stationnaire relaxable. Le système d'analyse peut être relaxé à partir dudit état non stationnaire par rapport au paramètre de fonctionnement physique ou chimique pour passer à un état stationnaire pendant une période de relaxation qui est caractéristique du paramètre de fonctionnement physique ou chimique du système d'analyse, et le paramètre de fonctionnement physique ou chimique est mesuré pendant la relaxation du système d'analyse. Le système d'analyse est soumis à des impulsions d'excitation successives d'une fonction d'excitation pendant laquelle les impulsions d'excitation successives excitent le système d'analyse à des intervalles qui sont plus courts que la période de relaxation qui est caractéristique du paramètre de fonctionnement physique ou chimique dudit système.
PCT/DE2003/002346 2002-07-12 2003-07-11 Procede pour mesurer un parametre de fonctionnement physique ou chimique pour un systeme d'analyse WO2004010157A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10393346T DE10393346D2 (de) 2002-07-12 2003-07-11 Verfahren zum Messen eines physikalischen/chemischen Betriebsparameters für ein Untersuchungssystem
AU2003254628A AU2003254628A1 (en) 2002-07-12 2003-07-11 Method for measuring a physical or chemical operating parameter for an analysis system

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10231837.9 2002-07-12
DE10231837 2002-07-12
DE10243623.1 2002-09-19
DE10243623 2002-09-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004010157A1 true WO2004010157A1 (fr) 2004-01-29

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AU (1) AU2003254628A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10393346D2 (fr)
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102022110A (zh) * 2010-11-26 2011-04-20 上海神开石油化工装备股份有限公司 一种脉冲发生器的励磁拉力组件测试装置
US8653292B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2014-02-18 Universitetet I Oslo Metal organic framework compounds
CN106842034A (zh) * 2015-10-14 2017-06-13 福特全球技术公司 估计电动车辆中的电池容量

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2175700A (en) * 1985-05-15 1986-12-03 Secr Defence Battery residual capacity measurement
US5598098A (en) * 1994-08-11 1997-01-28 Champlin; Keith S. Electronic battery tester with very high noise immunity
WO1997036182A1 (fr) * 1996-03-27 1997-10-02 Battery & Electrochemical Research Institute, S.A. Analyse et evaluation d'un dispositif generateur d'energie
US6002238A (en) * 1998-09-11 1999-12-14 Champlin; Keith S. Method and apparatus for measuring complex impedance of cells and batteries
WO1999066340A1 (fr) * 1998-06-16 1999-12-23 Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd Procede et appareil pour la mesure de la capacite d'une batterie

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2175700A (en) * 1985-05-15 1986-12-03 Secr Defence Battery residual capacity measurement
US5598098A (en) * 1994-08-11 1997-01-28 Champlin; Keith S. Electronic battery tester with very high noise immunity
WO1997036182A1 (fr) * 1996-03-27 1997-10-02 Battery & Electrochemical Research Institute, S.A. Analyse et evaluation d'un dispositif generateur d'energie
WO1999066340A1 (fr) * 1998-06-16 1999-12-23 Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd Procede et appareil pour la mesure de la capacite d'une batterie
US6002238A (en) * 1998-09-11 1999-12-14 Champlin; Keith S. Method and apparatus for measuring complex impedance of cells and batteries

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8653292B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2014-02-18 Universitetet I Oslo Metal organic framework compounds
CN102022110A (zh) * 2010-11-26 2011-04-20 上海神开石油化工装备股份有限公司 一种脉冲发生器的励磁拉力组件测试装置
CN106842034A (zh) * 2015-10-14 2017-06-13 福特全球技术公司 估计电动车辆中的电池容量

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AU2003254628A1 (en) 2004-02-09
DE10393346D2 (de) 2005-06-16

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