EP2135324A1 - Dispositif d'antenne pour émettre et recevoir des signaux électromagnétiques - Google Patents

Dispositif d'antenne pour émettre et recevoir des signaux électromagnétiques

Info

Publication number
EP2135324A1
EP2135324A1 EP08707217A EP08707217A EP2135324A1 EP 2135324 A1 EP2135324 A1 EP 2135324A1 EP 08707217 A EP08707217 A EP 08707217A EP 08707217 A EP08707217 A EP 08707217A EP 2135324 A1 EP2135324 A1 EP 2135324A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna device
radiator
ground plane
parasitic elements
electromagnetic signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08707217A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2135324B1 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Popugaev
Rainer Wansch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP2135324A1 publication Critical patent/EP2135324A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2135324B1 publication Critical patent/EP2135324B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49016—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making

Definitions

  • Antenna device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals
  • the present invention relates to an antenna device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals, such as those used in navigation systems, in particular in satellite navigation systems such as GPS, GLONASS and Gallileo.
  • Satellite-based navigation systems are currently being used intensively and have already opened up the private consumer market.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • GLONASS GLOBAL navigation satellite system
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • the European system Gallileo will also be used over the next few years. It is expected that the Gallileo system will be fully operational in four to five years.
  • FIG. 9 shows the currently used frequency plan of the so-called Lower-L-Band, the Upper-L-Band and the C-Band.
  • the frequency ranges used are plotted on a frequency axis, given in units of MHz.
  • the lower-L band is shown, in which frequencies are assigned to all three navigation systems.
  • identifiers are assigned to the individual bands, such as for example in the range from 1164 MHz to 1188 MHz, which is assigned to the GPS system under the identification L5 and to the Gallileo system with the identification E5A.
  • Fig. 9 also shows in the lower left area the upper L band which is also used for navigation systems and is subdivided similarly to the lower L band.
  • Fig. 9 shows in the lower area on the right side the C-band which is used in the uplink of the Gallileo system and which lies in a frequency range around 5 GHz. This frequency range is used to send information from a ground station to a satellite.
  • antennas which allow a correspondingly accurate location of the satellites, and thus of the receiver.
  • precision applications which for example have accuracy requirements of less than five meters, attempts are made to develop antennas that can be operated in all three frequency bands, if possible.
  • These antennas are currently being used e.g. from the Russian company Javad, www.javad.com, and from North American companies, www. novatel. com and www. SANAV. com, offered.
  • antennas are in single-band versions, z. B. GPS-Ll, or in two-volume variations, eg. GPS-L1 + L2, available.
  • the current systems have the disadvantage that they are very expensive.
  • multi-volume systems are only available from a price level above 1000 Euro. These systems usually use planar structures on very expensive ceramic substrates, which contribute significantly to the high costs.
  • an antenna device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals which comprises a ground plane and a radiator which is arranged at a radiator spacing above the ground plane.
  • the antenna device further includes a plurality of parasitic elements disposed on the ground plane radially symmetric about the radiator, wherein the parasitic elements are electrically connected to the ground plane.
  • the object is further achieved by a manufacturing method for manufacturing an antenna device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals, comprising a step of arranging a radiator at a radiator distance over a ground plane and a step of arranging a plurality of parasitic elements radially symmetric about the radiator on the ground plane.
  • the core idea of the present invention is to influence the emission characteristic of an antenna by surrounding parasitic metallic elements.
  • Embodiments of the present invention based on the recognition that the radiation characteristic, it is also spoken in this context of club width, can be adapted by antennas by parasitic metallic elements.
  • the parasitic elements are arranged around a radiator on a ground surface, whereby the radiation characteristic is among other things influenced so that in the frequency range of the navigation systems, a larger lobe width of the radiation pattern can be achieved with the same antenna gain.
  • This advantage is achieved by the described geometrical see arrangement of a ground plane, a radiator and parasitic elements, so that these antenna systems can be realized very inexpensively, wherein there is a further great advantage of embodiments of the present invention.
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention enables the construction of antenna devices that realize broadband circularly polarized antennas with a stable phase center, an almost constant antenna gain in, for example, the frequency range of navigation systems and a large beam width, even at higher frequencies.
  • An advantage of these systems is their low weight and low-cost production. This advantage arises because the use of stacked microstrip line radiators on very expensive, brittle and heavy ceramic substrates can be dispensed with.
  • FIG. 1 a an embodiment of an antenna device in a side view
  • FIG. 1b shows an embodiment of an antenna device in plan view
  • FIG. 2a shows a further embodiment of an antenna device
  • FIG. 2b shows an alternative embodiment of an antenna device
  • 3a shows an exemplary matching or feed network in an embodiment of an antenna device
  • FIG. 3b shows an idealized scattering matrix of a matching / feed network of an embodiment of an antenna device
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a matching or feed network of an embodiment of an antenna device
  • Fig. 5a is a table of various comparison values between an embodiment and conventional systems
  • 5b shows a further embodiment of an antenna device
  • FIG. 5c is a Smith chart showing the course of the reflection coefficient of an exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5c
  • Fig. 6a are directional diagrams of embodiments of an- to 6e tennenvortechniken
  • FIG. Ia an antenna device 100 for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals is shown.
  • the antenna device 100 comprises a ground plane 110 and a radiator 120, which is arranged at a radiator spacing 150 above the ground plane 110.
  • the antenna device 100 further includes a plurality of parasitic elements 130 disposed on the ground plane 110 radially symmetric about the radiator 120, wherein the parasitic elements 130 are electrically connected to the ground plane 110.
  • FIG. 1 a shows the side view of an antenna device 100.
  • FIG. 1b shows the antenna device 100 in plan view.
  • the antenna device 100 comprises the ground plane 110 and the radiator 120, which is arranged at a radiator spacing 150 above the ground plane 110.
  • FIG. 1 b also shows the plurality of parasitic elements 130, which are arranged on the ground plane 110 radially symmetrical about the radiator 120, wherein the parasitic elements 130 are electrically connected to the ground plane 110.
  • the ground plane 110 has a surface area that is less than the square of a wavelength of the electromagnetic signals.
  • the radiator 120 may have a radiator spacing 150 which is less than a wavelength of the electromagnetic signals.
  • two parasitic elements 130 of the plurality of parasitic elements 130 have an element spacing 140 of less than one wavelength of the electromagnetic signals, in a preferred embodiment the element spacing 140 is less than one quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic signals.
  • Embodiments of the present invention preferably relate to antenna devices which are in a wavelength range of 0.15-0.3 m, and are thus designed for a frequency range between IGHz and 2GHz.
  • embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this frequency range, because in principle the electromagnetic fields and thus the antenna characteristics of any antennas can be influenced by parasitic elements according to the invention.
  • embodiments of the present invention are used in the GPS, the Gallileo or the GLONASS system, and are therefore designed accordingly in embodiments.
  • the ground plane 110 may be made of metallic material and may have a circular, oval, square, or even rectangular shape.
  • the emitter 120 may in turn be formed in embodiments circular, oval, square or even rectangular.
  • the counter 120 may be realized by a microstrip line radiator. In embodiments, the radiator 120 has a contact passed through the ground surface 110.
  • Embodiments may include various parasitic elements 130.
  • rod-shaped, cubic or circular cut-out elements are conceivable.
  • parasitic elements 130 could be formed as elements machined out of ground plane 110. It is for example, conceivable that with a laser corresponding contours are removed from the ground surface 110 or worked out. The parasitic elements 130 are thus initially part of the ground plane 110. After the contours have been worked out of the ground plane 110, the parasitic elements 130 can be bent out of the ground plane 110.
  • the antenna device 100 may include more than four parasitic elements 130. In a preferred embodiment, the antenna device 100 comprises six to twelve, preferably eight or more parasitic elements 130.
  • the antenna further comprises the following properties:
  • introducing the parasitic metallic elements 130 achieves an increase in beamwidth at higher frequencies in addition to an increase in antenna gain at lower frequencies.
  • FIG. 2 a shows an exemplary embodiment of an antenna device 100 with a ground plane 110 and a radiator 120.
  • FIG. 2 a further shows the parasitic elements 130, which are arranged on the ground plane 110 radially symmetric about the radiator 120 and electrically connected to the ground plane 110 are connected.
  • the parasitic elements 130 are realized in this embodiment as parallelograms or tabs.
  • the element spacing 140 between two parasitic elements 130 is less than one wavelength of the electromagnetic signals, in a preferred embodiment the element spacing 140 is less than one quarter of that wavelength. Further, in a preferred embodiment, the emitter spacing 150 may be less than one wavelength of the electromagnetic signals.
  • FIG. 2a shows a realization of the parasitic elements 130 as metallic ribs.
  • FIG. 2b shows an alternative embodiment of an antenna device 100 in which the parasitic elements 130 are realized as metallic rods.
  • the element spacing 140 could be less than one quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic signals and the emitter spacing 150 could be less than one wavelength of the electromagnetic signals.
  • an antenna device 100 is further used to generate a circular polarization.
  • the radiator 120 is excited in four points by a matching or feed network, which in one embodiment is located on the underside of the printed circuit board or ground plane 110.
  • FIG. 3a shows an exemplary embodiment of such a feeder network 300.
  • the feeder / feeder network 300 has five feed points 301 to 305.
  • a signal to be transmitted is fed in point 301, manipulated by a phase shifter, and fed to the flanks of a radiator 120, which are connected to the feed points 302 to 305.
  • a signal to be received can be tapped in an analogous manner at the feed point 301.
  • the matching / feed network 300 in this embodiment further comprises a phase shifter and four matching networks 320.
  • the phase shifter is implemented in this embodiment by a rat race divider 312 and two Wilkinson dividers 314 and 316.
  • the phase shifter which is composed of the Rat Race Divider 312 and the two Wilkinson Dividers 314 and 316, provides a corresponding phase shift for controlling the radiation. Lers 120, to achieve a circular polarization.
  • the rat race divider 312 is oval in this embodiment, in other embodiments, it may, as usually realized, be circular.
  • the matching networks 320 serve to match the impedance of the antenna in this embodiment.
  • the feed network 300 of FIG. 3a realizes a scattering matrix S of the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3b.
  • the matrix has a 5x5 dimension according to the five feed points 301 through 305 of the matching / feed network 300.
  • the circular polarization property of the feed network 300 manifests itself in the scattering matrix S in the respective scattering factors shifted by 90 ° between the feed points 301-305.
  • each of the four matching networks 320 has a non-quarter-wave transformer 322, as well as two idle stub lines 324 and 326.
  • the antenna device 100 and the Emitters 120 can thus be adapted to broadband without the use of short-circuited stubs, which in combination with a transformer would be another method of broadband adaptation.
  • radiator dimensions ie its width and radiator spacing 150
  • the position of the impedance curve can be influenced in a Smith chart.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may thus have on the opposite side of the ground plane 110 a matching or feed network; 300 have.
  • the matching / feed network 300 may also be connected via a rat race divider 312 or a Wilkinson divider 314; 316 feature.
  • the matching / feed network 300 may further include a stub 326, a transformer 322, or a transformation line 322. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may also be configured to transmit or receive # circularly polarized signals.
  • embodiments of the present invention have the advantage of having a stable phase center. They also have a wider bandwidth and a wider beam width than conventional systems. They are also characterized by their low mass and low production costs, which makes them advantageously used as GNSS antennas.
  • FIG. 5a shows a table illustrating a comparison of various parameters of different antenna systems. The parameters of an embodiment of the present invention are shown in the last line, and are compared with three conventional systems of the company Javad, Novatel and San Jose Naviagtion. It can be seen from the table in FIG. 5a that the embodiment of the present invention has the largest 10 dB club width in this comparison, has the lowest mass, covers the entire frequency range of the navigation systems and is the least expensive to produce.
  • Fig. 5b shows a constructed GNSS antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention for a frequency range of 1.16-1.61 GHz.
  • Figure 5b shows a ground plane 110, a radiator 120, and parasitic elements 130.
  • Fig. 5c shows a Smith chart showing the measured course of the reflection coefficient Sn of the GNSS antenna of Fig. 5b.
  • four Mkrl-4 points are marked at the frequencies 1.16, 1.30, 1.56 and 1.61GHz, as well as the legend in the legend
  • FIGS. 6a-d and the table of FIG. 6e show the measured radiation patterns of the antenna from FIG. 5b.
  • the adaptation of the antenna in the upper frequency range can be further optimized in embodiments.
  • 6a shows a horizontal antenna diagram, wherein the outer curve 600 corresponds to a right-handed circular polarization, the inner curve 610 corresponds to a left-handed circular polarization.
  • FIG. 6a shows the profile at a vertical angle of 0 °, ie. H. in the direct horizontal direction orthogonal to the ground plane 110 of the antenna device 100 at a frequency of 1.16 GHz. It can be clearly seen that the 10 dB club width is significantly greater than 150 °.
  • Fig. 6b shows for the same frequency a nearly vertical antenna pattern for an angle of 70 ° about the direct horizontal direction. The course shown in FIG. 6b has been determined for right handed circular polarization and clearly shows that the antenna gain has a good uniformity in all directions.
  • FIG. 6c shows two diagrams, a right-handed circular polarization diagram 620 and a left-handed circular polarization diagram 630. Both diagrams were recorded at a frequency of 1.61 GHz and recorded in a direct horizontal direction. It is recognizable, that the lOdB lobe width is greater than 150 °.
  • Fig. 6d again shows a nearly vertical antenna pattern for an angle of 70 ° from the horizontal direction, at a frequency of 1.61 GHz. The course of FIG. 6d was determined for a right handed circular polarization and also shows a good uniformity of the antenna gain over all directions of incidence.
  • the table shown in FIG. 6e comprises the maximum antenna gains determined at the various frequencies and 10 dB beam widths together. Again, it can be seen that with embodiments of the present invention, an increase in 10dB beam width over a wide frequency range is achievable.
  • FIG. 7 shows schematically an embodiment of such a method step.
  • the circular ground surface 110 is first processed, for example, with a laser or a saw such that the contours of the parasitic elements 130 are dissolved out.
  • a step of bending the parasitic elements takes place so that a structure according to the antenna device shown in FIG. 5b is achieved.
  • the manufacturing method for manufacturing a radiator 120 according to the present invention may include a step of bending a radiator 120 of a square shape.
  • FIG. 8 shows such a radiator 120 which is initially in a square or plan-square form. The corners are now bent or adjusted so that the inner square is created.
  • FIG. 5 b shows an exemplary embodiment of an antenna device according to the invention which comprises a ground plane 110 and parasitic elements 130 according to FIG. 7 and a radiator 120 according to FIG. 8.
  • Embodiments of the present invention offer the advantage that in the case of antenna devices in the frequency range of navigation systems a larger beam width of the emission characteristic; can be achieved with the same antenna gain. This advantage is achieved by geometric arrangement of a ground plane, a radiator and parasitic elements, so that these antenna systems can be realized very inexpensively, wherein there is a further great advantage of embodiments of the present invention.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'antenne (100) utilisé pour émettre et recevoir des signaux électromagnétiques. Ledit dispositif d'antenne (100) comprend une surface massique (110) et un radiateur (120), monté à distance de rayonnement (150) au-dessus de la surface massique (110). Le dispositif d'antenne (100) comprend en outre plusieurs éléments parasitaires (130), disposés sur la surface massique (110), en symétrie radiale, autour du radiateur (120), lesdits éléments parasitaires (130) étant connectés électriquement avec la surface massique (110).
EP08707217.9A 2007-01-30 2008-01-23 Dispositif d'antenne pour émettre et recevoir des signaux électromagnétiques Active EP2135324B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007004612A DE102007004612B4 (de) 2007-01-30 2007-01-30 Antennenvorrichtung zum Senden und Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Signalen
PCT/EP2008/000504 WO2008092592A1 (fr) 2007-01-30 2008-01-23 Dispositif d'antenne pour émettre et recevoir des signaux électromagnétiques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2135324A1 true EP2135324A1 (fr) 2009-12-23
EP2135324B1 EP2135324B1 (fr) 2014-03-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08707217.9A Active EP2135324B1 (fr) 2007-01-30 2008-01-23 Dispositif d'antenne pour émettre et recevoir des signaux électromagnétiques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8624792B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2135324B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007004612B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008092592A1 (fr)

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RU2570844C1 (ru) * 2014-07-01 2015-12-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Объединенная ракетно-космическая корпорация" (ОАО "ОРКК") Геодезическая антенна
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CN109167160B (zh) * 2018-08-22 2020-10-02 广州中海达卫星导航技术股份有限公司 天线装置和gnss测量天线
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007004612A1 (de) 2008-08-07
WO2008092592A1 (fr) 2008-08-07
DE102007004612B4 (de) 2013-04-11
US8624792B2 (en) 2014-01-07
EP2135324B1 (fr) 2014-03-12
US20110050529A1 (en) 2011-03-03

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