EP2375491B1 - Antenne à ondes de fuite - Google Patents

Antenne à ondes de fuite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2375491B1
EP2375491B1 EP11159856.1A EP11159856A EP2375491B1 EP 2375491 B1 EP2375491 B1 EP 2375491B1 EP 11159856 A EP11159856 A EP 11159856A EP 2375491 B1 EP2375491 B1 EP 2375491B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
leaky
wave antenna
sheet
metalization
wave
Prior art date
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EP11159856.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2375491A1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Wansch
Mario Schühler
Matthias Hein
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Technische Universitaet Ilmenau
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Technische Universitaet Ilmenau
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/28—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to leaky-wave antennas in general, and more particularly to the construction of a planar leaky-wave antenna for mobile satellite communications designed, for example, for the 2170 to 2200 MHz frequency range, which can transmit and receive linear, cross and / or supports circular-polarized electromagnetic waves and has a conical directional diagram in a circular polarization.
  • the antenna For mobile satellite communication transmitting / receiving antennas are required, on the one hand have a low construction height and on the other hand have a directional characteristic, which can ensure the best possible reception of the signals regardless of the relative position of a mobile subscriber to the satellite. If, for example, the satellite signal arrives from a direction of fixed elevation, the antenna should ensure a constant reception quality irrespective of the azimuth angle, this being achieved, for example, with a conical directional characteristic for the antenna.
  • leaky waves along periodic structures has long been a well-known phenomenon, as has the attempt to exploit them for antenna applications.
  • leaky wave arrangements or leaky waveguides are considered waveguides for electromagnetic waves, which enter not only energy at the ends, but to a certain extent over the entire length or area of the leaky-wave arrangement (the leaky waveguide) and leak.
  • leaky-wave antennas have apertures, ie radiating surfaces whose lateral dimensions are large in at least one dimension compared to the wavelength ⁇ 0 at the operating frequency f 0 .
  • a leaky-angle antenna comprises a layer assembly having first, second and third metallized layers disposed one above the other and parallel to each other and separated by two dielectric layers, the first metallized layer having a first, two-dimensional periodic metallization structure wherein the second metallized layer has a second, two-dimensional periodic metallization structure, and wherein the third metallized layer has a continuous metallization region; and an excitation structure above the first metallized layer (and on one of the second metallized layer opposite Side of the first metallized layer) for exciting a leaky-wave mode in the layer arrangement at an operating frequency of the leaky-wave antenna.
  • the layer arrangement has a shape of a regular N-corner with N ⁇ 8 ( N ⁇ Z) or a circular shape as the boundary boundary curve.
  • the layer arrangement has an overall diameter with respect to a distance between two opposite sides of the N-corner or the circle diameter of the layer arrangement of less than 5 times the free space wavelength ⁇ 0 of the leaky-wave antenna at the operating frequency.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are based on the recognition that the inventive leaky-wave antenna has essentially two degrees of freedom for suitable dimensioning for achieving the desired electrical characteristics.
  • the main radiation direction of the leaky-wave antenna can be determined or specified by the targeted adjustment of the wave number of the leaky wave excited in the layer arrangement. Further, by adjusting the size and shape of the overall structure, the lobe width in the main emission direction can be influenced.
  • the leaky-wave antenna has a layer arrangement with two-dimensionally periodic metallization structures which promote the propagation of leaky waves in the layer arrangement, in which connection arrangements or structures are termed two-dimensionally periodic in two linearly independent (eg orthogonal) directions Each level has a specific (eg the same) periodicity. Furthermore, elements for exciting the leaky wave are provided in the form of an excitation structure above the layer arrangement.
  • the basic idea for the leaky-wave antenna according to the invention is based on the one hand on the utilization of the radiation properties of leaky waves and on the other hand on the targeted (lateral) limitation of the structured surface of the leaky-wave antenna for the purposeful adjustment of the radiation characteristic.
  • an (approximately) direction-independent dispersion characteristic of the layer arrangement can be achieved by the choice of the individual cells of the layer arrangement, which will be described below.
  • the wavenumber of the leaky wave may be dictated by the configuration of the layer arrangement, wherein the wavenumber of the leaky-wave is defined by the principal ray direction of the leaky-wave antenna and the beam width, which in turn is related to the size of the overall structure of the leaky-wave antenna.
  • the two-dimensional periodicity of the metallization structures The layer arrangement now also allows a radially symmetric propagation of the leaky wave within the layer arrangement, wherein this radial-symmetrical propagation represents a prerequisite for a conical directional diagram of the leaky-wave antenna.
  • the shape of a regular N-gon such as that shown in FIG. octagon (octagon), decagon (regular decagon) or dodecagon (regular dodecagon) are used to provide azimuth-independent propagation of the leaky wave upon excitation by the excitation structure within the array and thus conical directivity of the leaky-wave antenna.
  • regular N-corners an approximately circular base area of the leaky-wave antenna can be used right up to an exactly circular base area.
  • the excitation of the antenna structure i. the excitation of the desired leakage wave mode within the layer arrangement takes place via an excitation structure which is realized, for example, by two cross-shaped dipoles (cross-dipole arrangement) which are mounted centrally above the layer arrangement.
  • the excitation u.U. can influence the directional characteristic of the leaky-wave antenna.
  • the planar leaky-wave antenna according to the invention has a conical directional characteristic in the case of a circularly-polarized excitation.
  • linear, cross or circularly polarized waves can now be excited.
  • the lateral dimensions of the leaky-wave antenna are an important parameter for the resulting characteristics of the leaky-wave antenna and, in addition to the dispersion behavior of the layer arrangement, also determine the directional characteristic of the leaky-wave antenna. In the following detailed description will be discussed in detail how the shape and the lobe width of the directional characteristic can be selectively adjusted.
  • the height of the entire arrangement can be made significantly smaller than the wavelength ⁇ 0 at the operating frequency f 0 of the leaky-wave antenna, so that the leaky-wave antenna can be regarded as "planar". Since it is technically a multilayer printed circuit board in embodiments of the inventive leaky-wave antenna, the leaky-wave antenna can be constructed for example by means of established manufacturing processes. This can be achieved by flexible substrate materials and corresponding manufacturing technologies also conformal, ie adapted to curved surfaces, implementations can be realized.
  • Fig. La is a three-dimensional representation of the leaky-wave antenna 10 and Fig. 1 legs sectional view taken along the line AA through the leaky-wave antenna 10 represents.
  • the leaky-wave antenna 10 has a layer arrangement 30 with a first, second and third metallized layer 32, 34, 36, which are arranged one above the other and parallel to each other and through a respective dielectric layer 38 between the first and second metallized layer and a dielectric layer 40 between the second and third metallized layer are separated from each other.
  • the first metallized layer 32 has a first periodic metallization structure, wherein Fig. 1a By means of separation joints (or trenches or gaps) a periodic structure of the metallization 32 is achieved, which in Fig. 1a and leads to a plurality of rectangular or square metallization individual elements 32b.
  • the second metallized layer 34 further comprises a second, two-dimensionally periodic metallization structure, which in turn is achieved by separation joints in the respective metallized layer 34 with a plurality of further metallization individual elements.
  • the metallization individual elements may be the first metallized layer 32 to the metallization of the second metallized layer 34 by an angle of, for example, 45 ° (or also intermediate angle between 0 ° and 90 °) rotated.
  • the surface centers of the metallization elements of the first and second metallized layers 32, 34 may be offset from one another
  • the third metallized layer 40 has a continuous metallization region and, for example, is completely metallized throughout.
  • an excitation structure 50 is arranged above the first metallized layer 32 and on a side of the first metallized layer 32 opposite the second metallized layer 34 for exciting a leaky-wave mode of the layer arrangement 30 at an operating frequency f 0 of the leaky-wave antenna 10.
  • the first dielectric layer 38 has a thickness d 1 and a relative permittivity ⁇ r1 .
  • the second dielectric layer 40 has a thickness d 2 and an electrical permittivity ⁇ r2 .
  • the first metallized layer 32 has a thickness d 3
  • the second metallized layer 34 has a thickness d 4
  • the third metallized layer 36 has a thickness d 5 .
  • the leaky-wave antenna 10 has an overall diameter D between two opposite sides.
  • the dipole arms of the excitation structure 50 are arranged at a height h 0 above the first metallized layer 32.
  • the overall height of the leaky-wave antenna 10 is H between the excitation structure 50 and the third metallized layer 38.
  • the excitation structure 50 is shown as a cross-dipole structure centered on the ply assembly 30 with its feed points 52a-d being symmetrical to each other and centered in the ply assembly.
  • the feed points for the dipole arms of the crossed dipole structure can each also be located on the opposite side of the individual dipole arms, ie not on the side facing the antenna center but on the side of the dipole arms facing the antenna edge.
  • the cost of the required feed network for the excitation structure can be kept relatively low.
  • the leaky-wave antenna 10 may optionally have a package 60 (package) for protecting the layer arrangement and the excitation structure from mechanical or other environmental influences.
  • Layer arrangement 30 of the leaky-wave antenna shown now has, for example, the shape of a regular octagon (octagon) as an edge-limiting barrel. whereby an azimuth-independent propagation of the leaky wave and thus a conical directivity of the leaky-wave antenna 10 is achieved.
  • the regular octagon (octagon) can also be used with other regular N-corners, such as the decagon (regular toe) or dodecagon (regular dodecagon), etc., all the way to nearly circular or circular surfaces.
  • any shape of a regular N-corner with N ⁇ 8 ( with N ⁇ Z) or even a circular shape may be selected to have the following electrical characteristics of the leaky-shaft antenna 10 to reach. If a polygon or N-corner has equal sides and equal interior angles, then it is called a regular or regular N-corner. Regular polygons are isogonal, ie their vertices are equally distant, ie at the same zenith angle, on a circle.
  • the lateral dimensions i. the boundary boundary curve of the layer arrangement 30 of the leaky-wave antenna 10
  • a structure has a periodicity in one direction, for example in the x-direction in the plane of the layer arrangement.
  • k x, 0 indicates the wavenumber of the fundamental wave and a the periodicity along the x-direction (in the one-dimensional case).
  • the condition for leakage wave radiation follows directly from the above relationship 2, since ⁇ m only occurs if k ' x, n' ⁇ k 0 .
  • Fig. 9b represents the calculated femoral field distribution for a finite periodic structure as a function of ⁇ . The values are normalized to the maximum amplitude, with the size of the structure (determined by ⁇ ) serving as a parameter.
  • Unit cells can achieve an (approximately) direction-independent dispersion characteristic of the layer arrangement at the operating frequency of the leaky-wave antenna 10.
  • the main radiation direction or directional characteristic of the leaky-wave antenna 10 according to the invention can be adjusted.
  • the lobe width of the emission characteristic of the inventive leaky-wave antenna can vary over the size of the overall structure, ie. H. about the lateral dimensions of the layer assembly 30, set or predetermined.
  • the radiation characteristic of in Fig. 1a illustrated leaky-wave antenna 10 so on the one hand based on the utilization of the radiation characteristics of leaks and on the other hand on the targeted limitation in terms of shape and lateral extent of the structured surface, ie the layer assembly 30, to be targeted.
  • the layer arrangement 30 has an overall diameter D with respect to a distance between two opposite sides of the N-corner (or the circular diameter of the layer arrangement 30) of less than 10 or 5 times the value (or, for example, 3). times value) of the free space wavelength ⁇ 0 of the leaky-wave antenna at the operating frequency f 0 or in the operating frequency range ⁇ f 0 .
  • the first metallization structure on a plurality of Metall confuseseinzel comprisen 32b, wherein the Metall confuseseinzel comprise 32b have a lateral dimension "a" less than or equal to one tenth (1/10) of the free space wavelength ⁇ 0 of the leaky-wave antenna 10 at the operating frequency f 0 is.
  • the smallest occurring free space wavelength ⁇ 0 of the present leaky-wave antenna 10 is assumed at the respective operating frequency f 0 .
  • an (approximately) direction-independent (ie azimuth-independent) dispersion characteristic in the layer arrangement 30 of the leaky-wave antenna 10 is achieved.
  • the layer arrangement 30 has, for example, a lateral extent which has, for example, less than 100, 50 or 30 metallization individual elements 32b of the first metallized layer 30 along a distance between two opposite sides of the N-corner or the circle diameter of the layer arrangement 30.
  • Fig. 1a It should be noted that the metallization individual elements 32b or 34b of the first and second metallized layers 32, 34 may be partially cut off at the edge region, for example due to the shape of the edge boundary curve of the layer arrangement, for example only for the last metallization individual elements of the different metallized layers , Further, referring to FIG Fig. 1a pointed out that the four holes or holes 46a-d shown there may be provided at the edges for assembly purposes.
  • the leaky-wave antenna shown is thus constructed according to the invention from a plurality of adjacently arranged unit cells, wherein a unit cell is to be regarded as an area corresponding to the base area of a single metallization single element of the first metallized layer 32 of a (vertical) projection through the layer arrangement 30 therethrough.
  • a unit cell is to be regarded as an area corresponding to the base area of a single metallization single element of the first metallized layer 32 of a (vertical) projection through the layer arrangement 30 therethrough.
  • excitation takes place in the layer arrangement 30 of the leaky-wave antenna 10 of a leaky-wave mode using the excitation structure arranged above the first metallized layer 30.
  • this excitation structure 50 may be implemented by two dipoles 50a, 50b arranged in a cross shape, which are arranged centered over the surface of the layer arrangement 30.
  • the height H of the entire arrangement of the leaky-wave antenna 10 can be formed significantly smaller than the wavelength ⁇ 0 in the working frequency range ⁇ f 0 , so that the antenna can be regarded as planar.
  • the height H of the arrangement may be in a range of 4-10 mm, for example, this height H being significantly smaller than the wavelength ⁇ 0 of 13.6 cm at 2.2 GHz.
  • a diameter D of the leaky-wave antenna of less than 40.8 cm.
  • the layer arrangement 30 of the leaky-wave antenna can be technically regarded as a multilayer printed circuit board, so that it can be manufactured with the aid of established manufacturing processes.
  • suitable substrate materials or technologies are on compliant, d. H. adapted to curved surfaces, implementation of the leaky-wave antenna 10 possible.
  • the antenna has a low overall height H of, for example, less than 10 or 6 mm. It can therefore be mounted on flat surfaces or integrated into them.
  • the inventive leaky-wave antenna 10 is based on the propagation of leaky waves, it has small transverse dimensions (D ⁇ 3 ⁇ 0 ).
  • the structure of the leaky-wave antenna 10 can be designed in terms of two degrees of freedom.
  • the main emission direction of the leaky-wave antenna 10 (corresponding to the above relationship 2) can be predetermined.
  • the lobe width of the emission characteristic can be set.
  • the operating frequencies f 0 and operating frequency ranges ⁇ f 0 shown below as well as the selected materials and their properties as well as the selected dimensions and dimensions of the individual structures and arrangements therefore only represent exemplary exemplary embodiments and possibilities for implementing the leaky-wave antenna according to the invention approach for the implementation of the inventive leaky-wave antenna 10 based, on the one hand, on the utilization of the radiation properties of leaky waves and, on the other hand, on the boundary (with respect to lateral dimensions and the boundary delimitation curve) of the structured surface (the layer arrangement 30) for the purposeful adjustment of the radiation characteristic independently of the respective operating frequency or the addressed service applicable and may lead to different embodiments of the inventive leaky-wave antenna.
  • FIG. 2a-b which represent a schematic representation of an exemplary single cell 70 of the inventive leaky-wave antenna 10, and of Fig. 3a-b 11, which respectively illustrate a section of the layout of the first metallized layer 32 with the metallization individual elements 32b and the second metallized layer 34 with the further metallization individual elements 34b, which are both periodically structured, the structure of a leaky-wave antenna 10 according to the invention is explained.
  • a unit cell is to be regarded as a region of the periodic structure that corresponds to the base area of a single metallization individual element 32b of the first metallization layer 32 of a projection through the layer arrangement 30.
  • the metallization individual elements 32b, 34b are rectangular or square, with the periodicity of the metallization individual elements of the first metallized layer 32 being rotated by an angle of 45 ° with respect to the periodicity of the further metallization individual elements of the second metallized layer 34.
  • the centroidal points of the metallization individual elements of the first metallized layer 32 coincide with the intersections of the separation gap lines of the further metallization individual elements 34b of the second metallized layer 34.
  • this twisting angle of 45 ° is to be regarded as an example with respect to the periodicity and other twisting angles of, for example, 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, may also be used.
  • a shift of the first and second metallized layer 32, 34, or a shift their periodicity, or their area centers with respect to an axis of symmetry, z. B. orthogonal can be provided to each other.
  • Fig. 2b is now further shown that between the first and second metallized layer, the first dielectric layer 38 is arranged with the thickness d 1 and a relative permeability ⁇ r1 , while between the second metallized layer 34 and the third metallized layer 38, the second dielectric layer 40th is arranged with the thickness d 2 and a relative permeability ⁇ r2 .
  • an operating frequency range ⁇ f 0 of the inventive leaky-wave antenna of 2170 to 22200 MHz is assumed as an example.
  • the various dimensions and electrical parameters of the inventive leaky-wave antenna 10 are now implemented to implement a radiation maximum irrespective of the azimuth at an elevation of 45 ° with a 3 dB beamwidth of 30 °.
  • a gain for example, in the case of circular polarization, a value of about 4 dBi is given.
  • the in Fig. 2a-b and 3a-b shown unit cells are dimensioned as follows.
  • the first dielectric layer (carrier substrate) has, for example, a thickness d 1 of 0.102 mm and a relative permittivity ⁇ r1 of 3.54.
  • the second dielectric layer 40 (carrier substrate 40), which is arranged between the second and third metallized layers 34, 36, has, for example, a thickness d 2 of 3.125 mm and a relative permittivity ⁇ r2 of 3.55.
  • the uppermost layer, ie the first metallized layer 32, as well as the inner layer, ie the second metallized layer 34, are periodically structured, with sections of the corresponding layouts of the two-dimensional periodic metallization structures in FIGS. 3a-b are shown. Between adjacent metallized elements there is, for example, a dividing line or dividing line with a width ⁇ a of 0.2 mm.
  • the lower layer, ie the third metallized layer 36 is continuously metallized (at least in certain areas) and serves as a ground plane which, for example, leads to the reference potential.
  • the thickness d 3 , d 4 , d 5 of the metallizations of all three layers is for example 0.035 mm.
  • the total height H 0 of the unit cell 70 thus amounts to 3.357 mm.
  • the arms 50a-d of the cruciform dipole 50 are disposed centered at a distance h 0 of 2.0 mm above the surface of the first metalized layer 32 and are excited by four feed points 50a-d that is to say the location assembly 30 incorporated into the structure, are.
  • the height H of the entire antenna array is thus 5.4 mm (5.357 mm).
  • the leaky-wave antenna i. H. the layer arrangement 30 and the excitation structure 50, still be surrounded by a housing 60.
  • Fig. 4 Now, the directivity of the leaky-wave antenna 10 at an operating frequency f 0 of 2.19 GHz is plotted against the zenith angle ⁇ in degrees for different azimuth angles.
  • Fig. 5 now represents the contour lines of the directivity of the inventive leaky-wave antenna at 2.19 GHz plotted against azimuth and zenith angles.
  • the directional characteristic of the inventive leaky-wave antenna 10 was determined by means of a simulation, the resulting far-field characteristics in the case of circular-polarized radiation in FIGS. 4 and 5 are shown.
  • Fig. 4 For example, various far-field sections at 2.19 GHz are plotted as a function of the zenith angle for constant azimuth angles. The individual curves (curves) are almost equivalent, which characterizes the conical directivity of the inventive leaky-wave antenna 10. The maximum directivity of +4.7 dBi is achieved at the desired zenith angle of ⁇ 45 °.
  • Fig. 5 the framed values at the contour lines are related to the maximum of the directivity (in dB).
  • the thick highlighted contour lines indicate the drop of 3 dB relative to the maximum.
  • the directional characteristic at 2.19 GHz as a function of azimuth and zenith angle shows Fig. 5 in the form of a contour diagram.
  • the desired 3 dB beam width of 30 ° is achieved over the entire azimuth range.
  • the directional characteristics are both qualitative as quantitatively equivalent. (Statements about the adaptation of the antenna and the profit based on the simulation were not made).
  • Fig. 6 is now for comparison with the leaky-wave antenna 10 with octagonal base, as in Fig. 1a is shown, additionally simulated a leaky-wave antenna 10 with dodecagonal base (dodecagon).
  • Fig. 6 shows the determined far-field intersections (directivity of the dodecagonal base area wave-length antenna) at 2.19 gigahertz as a function of the zenith angle for different azimuth angles.
  • the azimuth dependency is also low pronounced in a leaky-wave antenna according to the invention with a dodecagonal base, this applies in particular in the area of the main lobes.
  • the reference here is the wavelength at the operating frequency, since the lobe width "not" depends on the absolute size of the overall structure, but on the relative size, i. the effective area, the whole structure depends.
  • a reduction or enlargement of the lateral dimensions of the unit cell is required with increasing or decreasing operating frequency.
  • an adaptation to an operating frequency f 0 of, for example, 2.9 GHz would entail a reduction of the period "a" to 4.7 mm (compared to 6.35 mm at 2.19 GHz), provided that the remaining dimensions of the Unit cell 70 remain unchanged.
  • FIGS Fig. 7 a further realization of a unit cell for the inventive leaky-wave antenna 10, which also ensure an azimuth independent source propagation in the layer arrangement 30, shown.
  • Fig. 7 shows a unit cell 70 ', which may also be used as a basis for a leaky-wave structure.
  • Fig. 7 now shows a section of the two-dimensionally periodic metallization structure 32b 'of the first metallized layer 32, and further a section of the second, two-dimensional periodic metallization structure 34b' of the second metallized layer.
  • Fig. 8 now shows a schematic diagram of a unit cell 70 ", which can also be used as the basis for a leaky wave structure for the inventive leaky-wave antenna 10. Again, only the metallized elements are shown.
  • the first, two-dimensionally periodic metallization structure 32b "of the first metallized layer is spirally formed, with four spiral arms extending from the surface center.
  • the second metallization layer of the unit cell 70" of FIG Fig. 8 corresponds to the second metallization layer of the unit cell 70 'of FIG Fig. 7 ,
  • the inventive leaky-wave antenna has a low height, for example a height of less than 6 mm at an operating frequency of approximately 2.2 GHz.
  • the inventive leaky-wave antenna can therefore be mounted on flat surfaces or integrated into them.
  • the leaky-wave antenna is based on the propagation of leaky waves, it has small transverse dimensions and thus a small total area compared to conventional leaky-wave antennas.
  • the wave number of the leaky wave can be adjusted by the design of the periodic metallization of the layer arrangement, whereby the main emission of the leaky-wave antenna can be specified. Further, the size and shape of the entire structure can influence the lobe width in the main emission direction of the leaky-wave antenna.
  • the inventive leaky-wave antenna supports a linear and circular polarization as well as a cross polarization of the excited leaky wave in the layer arrangement.
  • the antenna has a conical directional characteristic.
  • the leaky-wave antenna due to the simple excitation of the leaky-wave antenna by two crossed dipoles, the outlay for the required feed network for the excitation structure is low.
  • the leaky-wave antenna can be realized as a multilayer printed circuit board and is therefore easy to manufacture.

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Claims (14)

  1. Antenne à ondes de fuite (10), avec:
    un aménagement de couches (30) avec une première, une deuxième et une troisième couche métallisée (32, 34, 36) qui sont disposées l'une au-dessus de l'autre et parallèles entre elles et qui sont séparées l'une de l'autre par deux couches diélectriques (38, 40),
    la première couche métallisée (32) présentant une première structure de métallisation périodique bidimensionnelle,
    la deuxième couche métallisée (34) présentant une deuxième structure de métallisation périodique bidimensionnelle, et
    la troisième couche métallisée (36) présentant une zone de métallisation continue; et
    une structure d'excitation (50) au-dessus de la première couche métallisée (32), destinée à exciter un mode d'ondes de fuite dans l'aménagement de couches (30) à une fréquence de travail fo de l'antenne à ondes de fuite;
    caractérisée par le fait que
    l'aménagement de couches (30) présente comme évolution de délimitation de bord une forme d'un polygone régulier à N côtés, où N ≥ 8 (N ∈ Z) ou une forme de cercle; et
    l'aménagement de couches (30) présente un diamètre total D par rapport à une distance entre deux côtés opposés du polygone à N côtés ou du diamètre de cercle de l'aménagement de couches de moins de 10 fois la valeur de la longueur d'onde en espace libre λo de l'antenne à ondes de fuite à une fréquence de travail f0.
  2. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'aménagement de couches (30) présente un diamètre total D par rapport à une distance entre deux côtés opposés du polygone à N côtés ou du diamètre de cercle de l'aménagement de couches de moins de 5 fois la valeur de la longueur d'onde en espace libre λo de l'antenne à ondes de fuite à la fréquence de travail fo.
  3. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la première structure de métallisation (32) présente une pluralité d'éléments de métallisation individuels (32b), les éléments de métallisation individuels (32b) présentant une dimension latérale (a) qui est inférieure ou égale à 1/10 de la longueur d'onde en espace libre λo de l'antenne à ondes de fuite à la fréquence de travail f0.
  4. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle la deuxième structure de métallisation (34) présente une pluralité d'autres éléments de métallisation individuels (34b), les autres éléments de métallisation individuels (34b) présentant une dimension latérale qui est inférieure ou égale à 1/10 de la longueur d'onde en espace libre λo de l'antenne à ondes de fuite à la fréquence de travail f0.
  5. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon la revendication 3 ou 4, dans laquelle l'aménagement de couches (30) présente un diamètre total D qui présente le long d'une distance entre deux côtés opposés du polygone à N côtés ou du diamètre de cercle de l'aménagement de couches de moins de 50 éléments de métallisation individuels (32b) de la première couche métallisée (32).
  6. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'aménagement de couches (30) est réalisée sous forme d'une plaque conductrice structurée périodiquement à plusieurs couches.
  7. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon la revendication 3 ou 4, dans laquelle l'aménagement de couches (30) présente une pluralité de cellules unitaires adjacentes (70; 70'; 70"), une cellule unitaire représentant une zone qui correspond, par rapport à la surface de base d'un seul élément de métallisation individuels (32b) de la première couche métallisée (32), à une projection à travers l'aménagement de couches (30).
  8. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle la pluralité d'autres éléments de métallisation individuels de la deuxième couche métallisée est tournée d'un angle de 45° par rapport aux éléments de métallisation individuels de la première couche métallisée.
  9. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans laquelle les points centraux de surface des éléments de métallisation individuels (32b) de la première couche métallisée (32) sont déplacés par rapport aux autres éléments de métallisation individuels (34b) de la deuxième couche métallisée (34).
  10. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'aménagement de couches (30) présente une caractéristique de dispersion indépendante de la direction à la fréquence de travail f0.
  11. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'aménagement de couches (30) est réalisé pour prévoir, lors d'une excitation par la structure d'excitation (50), une diffusion radiale symétrique d'ondes de fuite à la fréquence de travail de l'antenne à ondes de fuite.
  12. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la structure d'excitation (50) est réalisée pour exciter une onde polarisée de manière linéaire, en croix et/ou de manière circulaire dans l'aménagement de couches.
  13. Antenne à ondes de fuite selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle la structure d'excitation (50) est disposée sous forme d'aménagement bipolaire en croix de manière centrée sur l'aménagement de couches.
  14. Utilisation de l'antenne à ondes de fuite selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13 pour la communication mobile par satellite.
EP11159856.1A 2010-03-30 2011-03-25 Antenne à ondes de fuite Not-in-force EP2375491B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102010003457A DE102010003457A1 (de) 2010-03-30 2010-03-30 Leckwellenantenne

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EP2375491B1 true EP2375491B1 (fr) 2013-07-31

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US9598945B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-03-21 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. System for extraction of hydrocarbons underground
CN106876885A (zh) * 2015-12-10 2017-06-20 上海贝尔股份有限公司 一种低频振子及一种多频多端口天线装置
US10389015B1 (en) * 2016-07-14 2019-08-20 Mano D. Judd Dual polarization antenna
DE102016215104A1 (de) * 2016-08-12 2018-02-15 Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh Elektromagnetische Bandlückenstruktur
CN106654526A (zh) * 2016-11-25 2017-05-10 北京航空航天大学 一种低比吸收率的圆极化可共形天线及制作方法
CN106783477B (zh) * 2016-12-13 2018-05-25 电子科技大学 基于光子带隙结构加载的角度径向对数曲折线微带慢波结构

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ATE361555T1 (de) * 2001-03-21 2007-05-15 Microface Co Ltd Wellenleiter-schlitzantenne und herstellungsverfahren dafür
US6545647B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-04-08 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna system for communicating simultaneously with a satellite and a terrestrial system
US7071888B2 (en) * 2003-05-12 2006-07-04 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Steerable leaky wave antenna capable of both forward and backward radiation
US8521106B2 (en) * 2009-06-09 2013-08-27 Broadcom Corporation Method and system for a sub-harmonic transmitter utilizing a leaky wave antenna
US8436785B1 (en) * 2010-11-03 2013-05-07 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Electrically tunable surface impedance structure with suppressed backward wave

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US20110241972A1 (en) 2011-10-06
US8570238B2 (en) 2013-10-29
EP2375491A1 (fr) 2011-10-12
DE102010003457A1 (de) 2011-10-06

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