EP2132719B1 - Verfahren zur prüfung von wertdokumenten - Google Patents

Verfahren zur prüfung von wertdokumenten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2132719B1
EP2132719B1 EP08734898.3A EP08734898A EP2132719B1 EP 2132719 B1 EP2132719 B1 EP 2132719B1 EP 08734898 A EP08734898 A EP 08734898A EP 2132719 B1 EP2132719 B1 EP 2132719B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
feature
determined
value
printed image
difference
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08734898.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2132719A1 (de
Inventor
Helmut Steidl
Shanchuan Su
Jürgen Schützmann
Norbert Holl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of EP2132719A1 publication Critical patent/EP2132719A1/de
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/181—Testing mechanical properties or condition, e.g. wear or tear

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for checking value documents, in particular for detecting forged value documents.
  • the forged value documents to be recognized are composed counterfeits, which are composed of parts of different value documents.
  • the composed counterfeits can be composed of parts of genuine and forged value documents, but there are also known composite counterfeits, which are composed exclusively of parts of real value documents.
  • the font EP 0 932 115 discloses a method of authenticating a US dollar bill, in which the distance between two coordinate points of two regions R1 and R2 is used as a property to be tested. at The regions R1 and R2 are two features of the dollar bill, in particular the number, the portrait or the green seal.
  • the position of a first feature of the value document to be checked is determined in a first step and the position of a second feature of the value document in the second step.
  • the positions of the first and second feature are compared with one another and a difference between the first and the second feature is determined therefrom.
  • the property of the first and the second feature are preferably determined with the same sensor. Subsequently, the determined difference is evaluated.
  • the difference determined lies within a predetermined range of values which includes the setpoint values for the difference that are considered acceptable.
  • This range of values is determined using standard data that applies to the value document.
  • the limits of the value range of the setpoints are given by one or more threshold values, such as maximum or minimum values for the difference determined.
  • the standard data includes information about reference features and maximum acceptable deviations from the reference features.
  • the further step that serves to determine a difference can-as an alternative to the direct comparison of the positions of the two features-also be that a position to be expected for the second feature is compared with the position of the second feature second feature is to be determined by extrapolating, by extrapolating from or the position of the first feature. Extrapolating may also be performed using default data for the bill, for example, based on the first feature.
  • the position of a second print image detail can be extrapolated, for example, from the position of a first print image detail, with the aid of a reference print image determined on the basis of a large number of corresponding print images of genuine banknotes.
  • the extrapolation can also be carried out from further measurement data of the banknote, eg from the measured spatial arrangement of further features with the aid of the standard data.
  • the expected position can also be determined using the standard data that applies to the value document.
  • the difference thus determined is generally different from the difference found in the former variant of the method.
  • the determined difference is compared with target values, wherein the target values are also determined from the standard data for the value document. These nominal values are generally also different from the nominal values of the first-mentioned variant of the method.
  • it is checked whether the determined difference lies in the value range of the desired values, which contains, for example, the maximum acceptable deviations of the property of the second feature from the property to be expected for the second feature.
  • a match of the difference with the desired values can also be checked and a corresponding degree of agreement can be determined.
  • the standard data which are used as the basis for the value range of the setpoint values and / or for determining the expected property of the second feature, can be determined on the basis of a plurality of value documents or determined in advance of the check.
  • the standard data are preferably determined on the basis of value documents of the same type as the value document to be checked; in the case of banknotes, for example, on the basis of banknotes of the same denomination.
  • the standard data contain, for example, information about the properties of reference features and about the maximum acceptable deviations of the properties of the features tested in the method according to the invention from the properties of the reference features.
  • specific standard data can be stored.
  • the default data may be selected based on the type of value document, such as the currency and denomination of a bill.
  • the type of value document is identified for this purpose, for example, before the value document is checked. In the case of banknotes, this identification may be e.g. be a prior to the inventive method denomination.
  • the first and second features to be compared in the method according to the invention may be similar but also different features.
  • the method can also be carried out for several properties of the two features.
  • the method can also be carried out for further first and second features. It is particularly advantageous to carry out the method both for features of the front side and for features of the back side of the value document, ie at least one feature pair of the front side and at least one feature pair of the back side are tested.
  • the first and second features are sections of the same predetermined print image.
  • the printed image areas produced within the same printing step have a very well defined relative position to each other, which can hardly be exactly reproduced during the subsequent assembly of individual parts of the value documents.
  • the printed images to be compared in their positions may include one or more sections of one or more design elements, such as e.g. Symbols or geometric elements, and / or one or more image motifs, e.g. Illustrations of persons, structures, animals, objects, or the like, or even one or more sections of patterns, logotypes or characters, such. Characters, numbers, letters.
  • design elements such as e.g. Symbols or geometric elements
  • image motifs e.g. Illustrations of persons, structures, animals, objects, or the like, or even one or more sections of patterns, logotypes or characters, such. Characters, numbers, letters.
  • the property with respect to which the first and second features are compared relates to the position of the respective feature.
  • the property of the first and second feature and the property to be expected for the second feature relates to the position of the respective feature Feature
  • properties that relate to the position of the respective feature are, for example, an absolute position, a relative position, in particular a distance relative to a reference feature or an orientation relative to a reference feature.
  • a reference feature for example, an edge of the value document, a security element, a reference print image or even a section of the same can be used.
  • the reference print image may, for example, be a further section of the predetermined print image of the first and / or the second feature, but it may also be a section of another print image which is preferably printed using the same printing method, in particular the same printing step, has been prepared as the printed image of the first and / or second feature,
  • the relative positions and orientations of the features are very well defined, especially for printed features made within the same printing process or even within the same printing step.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore preferably carried out in such a way that certain printed image areas are used as features of which a difference concerning the position is determined.
  • the difference determined with the method according to the invention is compared with the respective setpoint values and it is checked whether the determined difference lies in the value range of the respective setpoint values.
  • the difference should be within the range of the respective target values.
  • the evaluation of the difference determined takes place, for example, to determine the authenticity of the value document or else to check the fitness of the value document, for example for the presence of cracks or adhesions.
  • the method according to the invention can not only composed fakes, but also real, but for "repair" partially or completely reassembled value documents are recorded. This sticking together can also result in differences in the position and / or the shape of features which do not correspond to the nominal values. For example, printed images through which a tear passes and which have subsequently been joined again can be changed so that the images printed on the printed image determined position differences outside the value range of the setpoints. Even with torn real value documents, the position differences of characteristics of those of intact true value documents may differ and be detected by the method according to the invention.
  • a composed counterfeit may have one or more dividing lines on which it is composed. Although the position of these dividing lines on the composed counterfeit is not predictable, it is advantageous for the detection of composed counterfeits to specifically use those features which are arranged with high probability on different partial banknotes of the composed counterfeiting. For this reason, the method according to the invention is preferably carried out on the basis of properties of such features which are arranged as far apart as possible on the value document. According to the claims, the first and second features are selected such that the distance between these features in one direction, in particular in the direction along the connecting line of the features, extends over a substantial part of the value document, but at least half the extent of the value document.
  • first and further second features with each other, whose connecting line with the connecting line of the first and second feature include a large angle, for example an angle of at least 20 °.
  • the position of the separating lines of several known composed falsifications are determined and from this a probability for the position of the separating lines on the document of value to be checked is determined.
  • the features to be used for the method according to the invention can be selected so that most of the known parting lines run between these features.
  • a second, unclaimed and not inventive method for detecting forged value documents, in particular for the detection of composed counterfeits can proceed in the following manner:
  • a feature of a value document is identified in a first step, in particular a feature of a banknote or a composed counterfeiting.
  • a feature preferably at least one section of at least one print image is selected, for example at least one section of a printout Pattern or a lettering or a sign, in particular a number, a letter or a character.
  • a recognition of a character string can be performed by means of an OCR method.
  • the size and / or shape and / or structure of the feature is determined, preferably with a higher accuracy than in the identification.
  • the specific size and / or shape and / or structure of the feature is compared with at least one size and / or shape and / or structure to be expected for the feature.
  • This size and / or shape and / or structure to be expected for the feature is determined using the standard data that applies to the value document. This standard data may be selected based on the previously determined type of value document, such as the currency and denomination of a bill, and include, for example, information about the characteristics of reference features and about the maximum acceptable deviations thereof.
  • the determined difference is compared with target values, wherein the target values are also determined from the standard data for the value document.
  • the target values are also determined from the standard data for the value document.
  • it is checked whether the determined difference lies in the value range of the setpoint values, which contains the maximum deviations with respect to the size and / or shape and / or structure of the feature or which exceeds the maximum deviations.
  • it is checked, for example, how good the correspondence between the measured properties of the feature and the desired values is and determines a corresponding degree of correspondence.
  • an OCV method can be used.
  • FIG. 1b schematically a composed forgery 1 is shown, which is composed of two parts, for example, a left, real part banknote 1a and a right, wrong partial banknote 1b.
  • the two sub-bank notes 1a and 1b are glued together.
  • the two lower edges 5a and 5b are slightly inclined to each other and may be offset at the intersection with the dividing line 2 also somewhat in the vertical direction. For better illustration, the inclination is in FIG. 1b drawn relatively strong.
  • the two sub-bank notes 1a and 1b are not aligned precisely with one another.
  • an image sensor is used with which, inter alia, the lower edge 50 of the banknote 10 is detected.
  • the absolute position of a left portion of the lower edge 50 may be determined, for example, from the left corner a certain distance to the right, and analogous to the absolute position of a right portion of the lower edge, from the right corner one step behind on the left.
  • the absolute positions of the lower edge sections 5a, 5b are determined.
  • a difference is determined by comparing these absolute positions, for example by subtracting the coordinates of the two corner points or a plurality of individual pixels of the two lower edge sections or two center points of the two lower edge sections determined from the image data.
  • the difference is compared with target values which result from standard data valid for the value document, which have been determined, for example, in advance of the method on the basis of genuine banknotes of the same denomination.
  • the determined difference of the absolute positions is in the case of a genuine banknote 10 with a very high probability in the value range of the desired values for this position difference.
  • the difference exceeds the limits of the value range of the setpoint values for this positional difference, given a correspondingly large deviation.
  • the result of the evaluation of the difference can be used in this way for checking a banknote, in particular for recognizing a composed counterfeit.
  • the evaluation result can be used not only as authenticity criterion but also to check the fitness of the banknote, for example, to identify a torn banknote or a banknote glued together with adhesive strips.
  • a shift of the positions of features may result if, for example, banknote parts have been glued together somewhat obliquely or if the parts of a torn banknote are slightly displaced relative to one another during the transport of the banknote.
  • a difference of the absolute positions of the right and left lower edge portions may also be determined as follows: from a first of the absolute positions of the two lower edge portions, eg, the lower left edge portion 5a, that expected for the second lower edge portion, 5b absolute position determined. This is done by extrapolating the course of the first lower edge portion 5a.
  • a Difference between the expected extrapolated position of the second lower edge portion 5b and the actual position of the second lower edge portion 5b is determined and compared with target values for the difference.
  • the difference and the target value in this embodiment are relatively small as compared with those of the first-described embodiment. The deviation from the desired values which results from the composition of the sub-bank notes 1a, 1b would be evident from many features of the composed counterfeit 1.
  • the serial numbers 3a and 3b have a relative position and a relative orientation to each other, the relative position and orientation of the two serial numbers 30 of the real Banknote deviates. Since the dividing line 2 runs between the numerals of the denomination "1000" of the banknote, the numerical printing images 4a and 4b also have a relative position and orientation deviating from the corresponding characters of the genuine banknote 10. The dividing line 2 also passes through the printed images shown above the denomination, so that the partial printed images 6a and 6b or 7a and 7b have a relative position and orientation deviating from the genuine banknote 10 (printed image offset).
  • the property to be determined may also be the size of the features, eg the size of the serial numbers 3a and 3b, the numbers of the denomination or even the printed images.
  • a property and the distance of the respective feature such as the serial numbers 3a and 3b are determined to a reference feature, such as the distance to an edge of the value document or to another security element on the banknote (not shown).
  • the reference feature may also be a reference print image to which the spacing of a first and a second detail of another print image is determined.
  • Reference print image could be, for example, the denomination digit "1" at which the distances of the right outer edge of the print image 7b and the left outer edge of the print image 7a could be determined.
  • the color of the printed images 6a and 6b or 7a and 7b can be determined.
  • the color of the printed images of the two sub-bank notes 1a, 1b may be different, for example, while the color within the printed images 60 and 70 of the genuine banknote 10 is uniform.
  • properties such as the average color of the printed image or the color or spectral color distribution averaged over one or more specific regions of the printed image or their spatial distribution can be determined via the printed image. If the features of the composed counterfeit 1 do not accurately reproduce those of the genuine bill 10, the difference determined from the characteristics of the two features is outside the set points. For a counterfeit detection is possible.
  • FIG. 2a To clarify the printed image offset of the composed counterfeit 1 is in FIG. 2a the printed image composed of the printed images 6a, 7a of the real partial banknote 1a and the printed images 6b, 7b of the incorrect partial banknote 1b (solid lines).
  • the two printed images 6a 'and 7a' extrapolated from the printed images 6a, 7a are sketched (dotted lines) which have the absolute position to be expected for the printed images 6b, 7b.
  • the absolute position of the printed image 6a ' can be extrapolated, for example, from the straight course of the printed image 6a.
  • standard data of the (real) print image 60 could be used, for example to determine the length and the exact shape of the extrapolated print image 6a '.
  • the absolute position of the print image 7a ' which has the absolute position to be expected for the print image 7b, is determined, starting from the print image 7a, using the standard data of the (real) print image 70 of the banknote. Subsequently, a difference is determined by comparing the absolute position of the print image 6a 'or the print image 7a' with the (actual) position of the print image 6b or 7b, for example by comparing the coordinates of certain print image details. The difference is compared with target values that this difference may take in the case of genuine banknotes.
  • the target values which are valid, for example, for the difference of the coordinates of the lower right-hand corner of the printed images 6a 'and 6b or 7a' and 7b, may, for example, lie in a zero-enclosing value range which extends around a fluctuation range around zero.
  • This fluctuation range can be determined from the standard data of the banknote and, for example, extend symmetrically or asymmetrically around zero.
  • the resulting y-coordinate of the right lower corner is relatively large and is most likely outside the range of values of the setpoints that apply to this difference.
  • FIG. 2b For example, another example of a print image offset is shown in another composed fake, which is the second Method is shown.
  • the two characters "1" and "0" belong, for example, to a denomination indication, through which a dividing line 8 runs.
  • the character "1" is formed by a print image 9, which in this case is composed of two partial print images 9a and 9b.
  • a characteristic of the banknote or composed counterfeit is identified in a first step. This step may consist, for example, in the recognition of the characters of the denomination indication, in particular of the print image 9 as a character "1", with the aid of an OCR method. Subsequently, for example, the shape and size of the printed image 9 is determined.
  • a difference is determined.
  • the expected shape and size is determined using standard data that applies to genuine denomination denominational counterfeit banknotes.
  • the standard data include, for example, reference characters that are selected from a set of reference marks based on the previously determined currency and denomination of the bill to be checked or composed forgery.
  • To determine the difference for example, intensity values at different pixels of the printed image 9 or of the reference symbol "1" can be subtracted from one another.
  • the determined difference is compared with target values. In the evaluation, it is checked for example with the aid of an OCV method, how good the match between the print image 9 and the reference character "1" in terms of its shape and size. It is checked whether the determined difference lies in the value range of the setpoint values or exceeds the maximally acceptable deviations of the character form and character size.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
EP08734898.3A 2007-03-30 2008-03-31 Verfahren zur prüfung von wertdokumenten Active EP2132719B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007015484A DE102007015484A1 (de) 2007-03-30 2007-03-30 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Wertdokumenten
PCT/EP2008/002537 WO2008119531A1 (de) 2007-03-30 2008-03-31 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur prüfung von wertdokumenten

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2132719A1 EP2132719A1 (de) 2009-12-16
EP2132719B1 true EP2132719B1 (de) 2018-11-07

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EP08734898.3A Active EP2132719B1 (de) 2007-03-30 2008-03-31 Verfahren zur prüfung von wertdokumenten

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EP (1) EP2132719B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN101681532B (ru)
DE (1) DE102007015484A1 (ru)
ES (1) ES2701156T3 (ru)
RU (1) RU2469405C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2008119531A1 (ru)

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WO2009133332A1 (en) * 2008-05-02 2009-11-05 De La Rue International Limited Method and apparatus for determining authenticity
DE102010021803A1 (de) 2010-05-27 2011-12-01 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Echtheitsprüfung von Wertdokumenten
JP6233138B2 (ja) * 2014-03-28 2017-11-22 沖電気工業株式会社 紙幣処理装置
CN105528825B (zh) * 2015-12-02 2018-08-31 广州广电运通金融电子股份有限公司 有价文件自适应识别方法和装置
CN107123187A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2017-09-01 广州广电运通金融电子股份有限公司 一种钞票真伪检测方法及系统
US12039615B2 (en) 2019-07-03 2024-07-16 Sap Se Anomaly and fraud detection with fake event detection using machine learning
US11113689B2 (en) 2019-07-03 2021-09-07 Sap Se Transaction policy audit
US11308492B2 (en) 2019-07-03 2022-04-19 Sap Se Anomaly and fraud detection with fake event detection using pixel intensity testing
CN115171268B (zh) * 2022-07-11 2024-09-03 中国银行股份有限公司 一种纸币识别方法、装置及相关产品

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Publication number Publication date
CN101681532A (zh) 2010-03-24
EP2132719A1 (de) 2009-12-16
CN101681532B (zh) 2013-07-31
DE102007015484A1 (de) 2008-10-02
ES2701156T3 (es) 2019-02-21
RU2469405C2 (ru) 2012-12-10
RU2009139909A (ru) 2011-05-20
WO2008119531A1 (de) 2008-10-09

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