EP2108051B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kaltgasspritzen von partikeln unterschiedlicher festigkeit und/oder duktilität - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kaltgasspritzen von partikeln unterschiedlicher festigkeit und/oder duktilität Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2108051B1
EP2108051B1 EP08701266.2A EP08701266A EP2108051B1 EP 2108051 B1 EP2108051 B1 EP 2108051B1 EP 08701266 A EP08701266 A EP 08701266A EP 2108051 B1 EP2108051 B1 EP 2108051B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
type
stagnation chamber
nozzle
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08701266.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2108051A2 (de
Inventor
Axel Arndt
Uwe Pyritz
Heike Schiewe
Raymond Ullrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2108051A2 publication Critical patent/EP2108051A2/de
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Publication of EP2108051B1 publication Critical patent/EP2108051B1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1606—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air
    • B05B7/1613—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/162—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1626—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed at the moment of mixing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cold gas spraying, in which particles of a first type together with particles of a second type are fed into a stagnation chamber and are accelerated together with a carrier gas through a nozzle downstream of the stagnation chambers to a substrate to be coated.
  • the particles of the first type deform and adhere to form a layer
  • the particles of the second type which have a higher strength and / or a lower ductility than the particles of the first type, being incorporated into the layer.
  • the aforementioned method is for example from the US 2003/0126800 A1 known.
  • particles of a hard material are deposited on the surface of turbine blades together with particles of a metallic material by cold gas spraying.
  • a proportion of 15 to 20% of the hard material particles is embedded in the matrix of the metallic matrix material forming during cold gas spraying.
  • the hard particles remain unchanged due to their high strength and low ductility in the matrix.
  • the incorporation rate of hard materials with proportions of more than 20% is not possible. Namely, the hard material particles do not automatically adhere to the surface of the substrate to be coated, since the kinetic energy input of the cold gas spraying is insufficient and the particles do not have sufficient ductility. Rather, the particles of the hard material are incorporated into the just forming matrix of the metallic material, so that the adhesion indirectly is ensured by the component with the lower strength or higher ductility.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a method for cold gas spraying, with which, when using particles of different types, those particles with the higher strength and / or low ductility can be introduced into the layer with a comparatively high layer fraction.
  • This object is achieved in that the particles of the first kind are fed into a first region of the stagnation chamber, which is closer to the nozzle, as a second region in which the particles of the second type are fed.
  • This Energy input is primarily caused by the preheated carrier gas of the cold gas jet. Namely, a temperature compensation takes place between the molecules of the carrier gas and the particles located in the stagnation chamber. This is the stronger, the longer the particles remain in the stagnation chamber.
  • the energy input into the particles of the second type is greater. This advantageously improves the conditions for a separation of the particles of the second type.
  • the particles of the second kind can be produced from a brittle material, in particular from a ceramic material.
  • tungsten carbide is suitable as the ceramic material, and this can preferably be deposited on the blade of a compressor or a turbine in order to increase its service life.
  • the additional heating of brittle materials in the stagnation chamber basically does not change their properties. Nevertheless, it has been shown that the heated particles allow higher rates of incorporation into a ductile matrix. This is explained by the fact that the particles of the second type are used as thermal energy stores, wherein this thermal energy at the moment of incorporation of the brittle particles in the ductile matrix improves the interaction between the particles of the first and second type. The contribution of energy to the brittle particles is thus made indirectly available to the layer structure with the ductile particles.
  • the particles of the second type are produced from a metal or a metal alloy, which is ductile above a transition temperature and below this temperature brittle, wherein the particles of the second type in the stagnation chamber so far heated be that they behave ductile. If it is possible, by preheating the particles of the second type, to cause them to become ductile as well, separation of these particles is advantageously possible without these having to be incorporated into a matrix of another material. This results in advantageous that the proportion of the brittle material itself can be arbitrarily increased, as a matrix enclosing these particles of the other layer component not more is necessary. This advantageously leads to the fact that with the cold gas spraying a larger range of alloy compositions can be deposited.
  • the carrier gas is heated in the stagnation chamber.
  • a heatable outer wall can be provided in the stagnation chamber. Due to the additional heating of the carrier gas in the stagnation chamber, the amount of energy that is introduced into the particles of the second type can be at least partially replaced before the relaxation of the carrier gas in the nozzle. Also, a certain energy input from the heater can be achieved in the particles of the second kind itself.
  • the invention relates to a device for cold gas spraying.
  • a device for cold gas spraying Such devices are well known and, for example in the US 2004/0037954 A1 known.
  • Such a device has a stagnation chamber with a feed opening for a carrier gas and a first feed line for particles intended for coating, these particles being referred to below as first particles.
  • the stagnation chamber is followed by a nozzle, by means of which the carrier gas is expanded with the particles in the direction of a substrate to be coated.
  • the carrier gas cools adiabatically, wherein the amount of energy which is released thereby, is converted into an acceleration of the carrier gas and the particles provided for coating.
  • the object of the invention is also to provide a device for cold gas spraying, can be produced with the layers in which a comparatively high proportion of particles with a higher strength and / or lower ductility than the particles of the first kind (hereinafter particles of the called second type) can be installed.
  • a second feed line is provided, wherein the first feed line opens into a first region of the stagnation chamber, which is closer to the nozzle as a second region into which opens the second feed line.
  • This device is suitable for operation according to the method described in more detail above, since it has two feed lines, and in this way the particles of the second type can be made to cover a further path through the stagnation chamber, as the particles of the first kind In this way, a preheating of the particles of the second type associated with the advantages already mentioned above can be achieved.
  • the device is provided with a heater attached to the stagnation chamber.
  • a heater attached to the stagnation chamber.
  • the wall of the stagnation chamber or the interior of the stagnation chamber can be heated directly, whereby an additional amount of heat can be introduced into the particles of the second type or of the carrier gas.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the heating device is integrated in the wall of the stagnation chamber. This has the advantage that the flow conditions in Inside the stagnation chamber are not affected and on the other hand, a short heat transfer path is ensured by the heater to the wall of the stagnation chamber.
  • a particular embodiment of the invention is obtained when the first feed line and / or second feed line can be moved in the device such that the distance from the first region and / or the second region to the nozzle is variable.
  • This has the advantage that the amount of heat that can be transmitted by the carrier gas can be controlled by the fact that the feed points for the particles in the direction of the carrier gas flow are variable. These directly affect the length of the path that the particles must travel through the stagnation chamber to the nozzle, this path is crucial for the amount of heat transferable.
  • a Kaltgasspritzpistole 11 as a device for cold gas spraying is the core of a thermal spray device, as shown for example in the US 2004/00347954 A1 is described.
  • the cold gas spray gun 11 consists essentially of a single housing 13, in which a Laval nozzle 14 and a stagnation chamber 15 are formed.
  • a heating coil 16 is embedded in the wall of the housing 13, which causes the heating of a carrier gas, which is supplied through a feed opening 17 of the stagnation chamber 15.
  • the carrier gas first passes through the feed opening 17 into the stagnation chamber 15 and leaves it through the Laval nozzle 14.
  • the carrier gas in the stagnation chamber can be warmed up to 800.degree.
  • a second feed line 18a and a first feed line 19 the particles provided for coating are fed.
  • a cooling of the carrier gas flow is effected, which has temperatures below 300 ° C in the region of the nozzle opening. This temperature reduction is due to a substantially aliabatic expansion of the carrier gas, which has, for example, a pressure of 30 bar in the stagnation chamber and is expanded to atmospheric pressure outside the nozzle opening.
  • the first feed line 19 opens in a very near the nozzle area in the stagnation chamber.
  • the part of the cold spray gun is understood to be the nozzle, which initially narrows in cross-section and then expands again (indicated by the reference numeral 14).
  • the area of the cold spray gun, which serves as a stagnation chamber, is indicated by the bracket to the reference numeral 15.
  • FIG. 1 It is clear that the conical region adjoining the cylindrical region of the stagnation chamber can be attributed to both the stagnation chamber 15 and the nozzle 14.
  • the flow conditions between stagnation chamber and nozzle merge into one another, with the conical wall parts adjoining the cylindrical area initially still having such a large cross section form that the flow conditions correspond more closely to those in the stagnation chamber, ie, a significant acceleration of the carrier gas and the particles occurs only in the much narrower conical region. Therefore, the first feed line 19 also opens into this conical region, so that the particles fed in are accelerated as far as possible without a time delay in the part which significantly acts as a nozzle 14.
  • the second feed line 18a opens into the part of the stagnation chamber 15 facing away from the nozzle 14, so that the particles have to pass through the entire stagnation chamber and are primarily heated by the carrier gas.
  • a first region 20 and a second region 21 for the feeding of the first-type particles 22 and the second-type particles 23 (in FIG. 1 only hinted at).
  • the particles of the first type 22 and second type 23 are then mixed and are deposited on a substrate 25 as a layer 26.
  • feed line 18a it is also possible to provide a feed line 18b which is axially displaceable. By a shift in the direction of the indicated double arrow so that the feed point 21 can be moved toward the nozzle 14 and away from her. In this way, the cold spray gun 11 can be adapted to the particular application and the amount of heat required for preheating the particles 23.
  • FIG. 2 is the temperature-dependent behavior of metals with a transition temperature T u shown schematically.
  • the temperature T is plotted on the X axis and the impact energy A v on the Y axis.
  • This is in the so-called Kerbschlagbiege Basket determined in which a notched sample is exposed to a beating stress (for example, DIN EN 10045).
  • the behavior of the metals can be divided into three areas depending on the fracture behavior. In zone I, a brittle fracture occurs as the metal loses its ductile properties at low temperatures. In area III, the metal behaves ductile and therefore unfolds the mechanical properties known per se for metals. Between region I and region III lies region II, in which so-called mixed fractures occur which have brittle and ductile fractions.
  • unalloyed steels with a proportion of more than 0.6% by mass of carbon already have a transition temperature between 100 and 200 ° C., so that they are predestined for the process according to the invention.
  • Another example is the production of a copper-chromium alloy by means of cold gas spraying.
  • turbine blades can be coated, for example, tungsten carbide are deposited as a hard material together with a MCrAlY alloy.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
EP08701266.2A 2007-01-09 2008-01-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kaltgasspritzen von partikeln unterschiedlicher festigkeit und/oder duktilität Active EP2108051B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007001477A DE102007001477B3 (de) 2007-01-09 2007-01-09 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kaltgasspritzen von Partikeln unterschiedlicher Festigkeit und/oder Duktilität
PCT/EP2008/050087 WO2008084025A2 (de) 2007-01-09 2008-01-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kaltgasspritzen von partikeln unterschiedlicher festigkeit und/oder duktilität

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2108051A2 EP2108051A2 (de) 2009-10-14
EP2108051B1 true EP2108051B1 (de) 2014-04-30

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EP08701266.2A Active EP2108051B1 (de) 2007-01-09 2008-01-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kaltgasspritzen von partikeln unterschiedlicher festigkeit und/oder duktilität

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US8197895B2 (pt)
EP (1) EP2108051B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN101605922B (pt)
CA (1) CA2674762C (pt)
DE (1) DE102007001477B3 (pt)
ES (1) ES2463484T3 (pt)
PT (1) PT2108051E (pt)
RU (1) RU2457280C2 (pt)
WO (1) WO2008084025A2 (pt)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11662300B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2023-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Apparatus for performing in-situ adhesion test of cold spray deposits and method of employing
US11898986B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2024-02-13 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Systems and methods for steam generator tube analysis for detection of tube degradation
US11935662B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Elongate SiC fuel elements

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DE102008031843A1 (de) 2008-07-05 2010-01-07 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kaltgasspritzen
CN102251241A (zh) * 2011-06-24 2011-11-23 江苏大学 一种激光冲击波诱导的微纳米颗粒植入的方法和装置
US20130180432A1 (en) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-18 General Electric Company Coating, a turbine component, and a process of fabricating a turbine component
CN102527544B (zh) * 2012-02-24 2014-07-23 中国科学院金属研究所 一种制备金属复合梯度准晶涂层的冷喷涂装置及方法
DE102012013815B4 (de) * 2012-07-12 2015-10-22 IMPACT-Innovations-GmbH Kaltgasspritzpistole mit Pulverinjektor
US20160221014A1 (en) * 2013-09-25 2016-08-04 United Technologies Corporation Simplified cold spray nozzle and gun
JP6716204B2 (ja) * 2015-06-24 2020-07-01 日本発條株式会社 成膜方法及び成膜装置
US10711636B2 (en) 2015-12-22 2020-07-14 General Electric Company Feedstocks for use in coating components
CA3032793C (en) * 2016-09-07 2020-11-24 Tessonics, Inc Hopper with microreactor and cartridge for low pressure cold spraying
RU2692348C2 (ru) * 2017-10-13 2019-06-24 Андрей Игоревич Горунов Способ гибридного лазерного шаржирования поверхности образца
CN112474094B (zh) * 2020-11-23 2022-07-15 中国科学技术大学 一种超音速气流与旋流负压耦合的远程喷射方法及装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11898986B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2024-02-13 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Systems and methods for steam generator tube analysis for detection of tube degradation
US11935662B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Elongate SiC fuel elements
US11662300B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2023-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Apparatus for performing in-situ adhesion test of cold spray deposits and method of employing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007001477B3 (de) 2008-01-31
US20100040775A1 (en) 2010-02-18
WO2008084025A2 (de) 2008-07-17
ES2463484T3 (es) 2014-05-28
CA2674762C (en) 2014-05-20
RU2457280C2 (ru) 2012-07-27
PT2108051E (pt) 2014-06-09
US8197895B2 (en) 2012-06-12
CN101605922A (zh) 2009-12-16
WO2008084025A3 (de) 2009-05-07
EP2108051A2 (de) 2009-10-14
CN101605922B (zh) 2011-02-23
CA2674762A1 (en) 2008-07-17
RU2009130335A (ru) 2011-02-20

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