Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0021—Dye-stain or dye-transfer inhibiting compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F226/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
  • C08F226/06—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
  • C08F283/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
  • C11D3/3776—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. lactam
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3788—Graft polymers

Definitions

• the invention relates to the use of thermosensitive polymers as color transfer inhibitors.
• the invention also relates to novel thermosensitive polymers useful as color transfer inhibitors, and to laundry detergent compositions containing these polymers.
• color transfer inhibitors are often used. These are often polymers which contain monomers having nitrogen-heterocyclic radicals in copolymerized form.
• copolymers described in these documents are characterized in part by a good inhibition of color transfer in washing processes. However, they generally have low compatibility with the other commonly used detergent ingredients. Thus, there is the danger of incompatibilities, in particular in the case of liquid detergents, for example in the form of turbidity or phase separations.
• thermosensitive polymers having a lower critical solubility temperature LCST
• GB 2377451 discloses a detergent for a dishwashing machine wherein a surfactant is enclosed by a water-soluble polymer which retards its release until the cloud point of the surfactant is exceeded in the machine.
• JP 09192469 describes a surfactant with an LCST polymer.
• the surface-active effect can be controlled by the temperature.
• WO 2001/40420 describes a washing and cleaning agent with conventional ingredients, which contains an active ingredient preparation, which is formulated with an LCST polymer.
• DE 19958472 discloses a particulate composite material for the controlled release of an active substance with an active ingredient or a preparation which contains this active ingredient in admixture with an LCST substance.
• WO 2002/08137 discloses a particulate composite material for controlled release of a drug or drug preparation wherein the drug or drug formulation is coated with an LCST polymer.
• the LCST polymer is mixed with an additive, with which the film formation can be improved or the LCST temperature can be adjusted.
• WO 2002/44462 describes a particulate textile aftertreatment agent containing a fabric care active ingredient formulated such that the bulk of the active ingredient is delayed in the main wash or released after the main wash.
• the active ingredient may be coated with an LCST polymer.
• DE 10064635 describes laundry detergent or cleaning product tablets made of compacted particulate detergent or cleaner containing builder (s), surfactant (s) and optionally further detergent or cleaning agent components, which is formulated such that it has a delayed solubility on contact with water having.
• DE 10148353 describes a method for forming a release-delay layer on detergent tablets with an LCST functional layer.
• WO 2001/044433 relates to a detergent, dishwashing or cleaning agent portion with two or more washing, rinsing or cleaning-active components, of which at least two are to be released into the liquor at different times of a washing, rinsing or cleaning process comprising at least one release (physical) chemical switch, which is not or not exclusively subject to temperature control, and one or more substances to increase the extent of the pH shift.
• the LCST polymer in the compositions serves to control, via temperature, the release of the active ingredient (surfactant) contained in the composition. It was an object of the present invention to provide substances with a good color transfer inhibiting effect during the washing process. These substances should also have good compatibility with conventional detergent ingredients, especially in liquid detergent formulations.
• thermosensitive polymers having a lower critical solubility temperature (LCST).
• thermosensitive polymers having a lower critical solubility temperature (LCST) as color transfer inhibitors in detergent compositions for textiles.
• the invention also relates to a process for washing dyed textiles, in which
• thermosensitive polymer comprising an LCST and at least one surfactant in a wash liquor
• thermosensitive polymer (C) separating the at least one thermosensitive polymer with the wash liquor from the textiles.
• the inventive method is particularly suitable for use as a machine wash, z. B. in a commercial washing machine.
• thermosensitive a polymer which has an LCST.
• thermosensitive a polymer which has an LCST.
• a polymer which has an LCST means a polymer whose solubility in aqueous solution depends on the temperature such that it is soluble in water below the LCST and insoluble above the LCST. Accordingly, a polymer-water mixture below the LCST is single-phase. Above the LCST, this polymer-water mixture shows segregation. In such cases, it is also said that the polymer has a negative temperature-dependent solubility coefficient.
• the LCST is the temperature above which a water-polymer mixture becomes cloudy (cloud point or cloud point).
• the cloud point or LCST can be determined by heating a solution of the polymer in water over a certain temperature range at a certain heating rate.
• Various methods are used in the literature to measure the cloud point. Examples are the visual determination or the spectrophotometric measurement, wherein one follows the transmission of the solution at a certain wavelength as a function of the temperature.
• Cloud points in this application were determined by transmission measurement at 550 nm of 1 wt. % polymer solutions (temperature range 20 to 85 0 C, heating rate 1 0 C per minute).
• the favorable properties of the polymers used according to the invention are based on the following contexts: At temperatures below the LCST, the dye transfer inhibitor binds or complexes free dye in the wash liquor via dye-affinitive groups. At temperatures at or above the LCST, the dye transfer inhibitor becomes hydrophobic and therefore insoluble. The dye is thereby trapped or retained by the dye transfer inhibitor and can be used in the rinse cycle e.g. be removed when draining the hot wash liquor from the textile.
• the LCST of the polymers used in the invention is usually at least 20 0 C. It is, for example in the range of 20 to 95 ° C, preferably in the range of 25 to 80 0 C and in particular in the range of 30 to 60 0 C.
• Polymers comprising an LCST are known to those skilled in the art, for example from the cited prior art.
• the LCST of the polymers used according to the invention depends inter alia on the chemical composition, the molecular weight and the concentration of the polymer. For example, it is known that the LCST can be increased by copolymerizing a major portion of a hydrophilic monomer.
• polymers which have an LCST in water which preferably lies in the abovementioned temperature ranges, are suitable as polymeric color transfer inhibitors.
• examples of these are i) alkylated and hydroxyalkylated polysaccharides, such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), ethyl (hydroxyethyl) cellulose (EHEC), hydroxypropylcellulose
• HPC methylcellulose
• MC methylcellulose
• HPC methylcellulose
• MC methylcellulose
• HPC methylcellulose
• polyvinylcaprolactam poly (N-alkyl) acrylamides and poly (N, N-dialkylacrylamides)
• polyethylene oxides and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers and alkylated acrylamide-based graft copolymers with polyethylene oxide ii) polyvinylcaprolactam, poly (N-alkyl) acrylamides and poly (N, N-dialkylacrylamides), iii) poly (hydroxypropyl acrylate) and poly (hydroxypropyl methacrylate), iv) polyethylene oxides and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers and alkylated acrylamide-based graft copolymers with polyethylene oxide.
• copolymers based on ethylenically unsaturated monomers M which comprise at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer (a) whose homo- or copolymers exhibit thermosensitive behavior (ie have LCST) and at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer (b) with a dye affinity group , an LCST on. They are particularly suitable as color transfer inhibitors.
• Such copolymers may also be prepared by polymerization of the monomers M in the presence of a grafting base.
• Such polymers are novel and also the subject of the present invention.
• the invention relates to a copolymer suitable as a color transfer inhibitor which comprises units (a) of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer whose homo- or copolymers exhibit thermoresponsive behavior, (b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a dye affinity group and optionally a graft base.
• the monomer (a) (or a combination of different monomers (a)) makes 20 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 30 to 70 wt .-%, and the monomer (b) (or a Combination of monomers (b)) 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 40 wt .-% of.
• the copolymer may contain units of other monomers (c) other than monomers (a) and (b).
• units of further monomers are present, their amount is preferably less than 40% by weight, in particular less than 30% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomers M and preferably less than 70% by weight, in particular less than 50 wt .-%, based on the sum of the units of the monomers (a) and (b).
• the copolymer is prepared in the presence of a grafting base, its proportion is preferably less than 100% by weight, in particular less than 60% by weight, e.g. 5 to 100 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 60 wt .-%, based on the sum of the units derived from the monomers M.
• N-vinyl lactams having a ring size of at least 6 atoms, especially N-vinylcaprolactams and N-vinylvalerolactams, e.g. N-vinyl-3-methyl- ⁇ -caprolactam, N-vinyl- ⁇ -caprolactam and N-vinyl- ⁇ -valerolactam;
• N-mono-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl (meth) acrylamides such as N-isopropylacrylamide
• N, N-di-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl (meth) acrylamides such as N, N-dimethylacrylamide and N, N-dimethylmethacrylamide
• Hydroxy C 2 -C 4 -alkyl (meth) acrylates such as hydroxypropyl acrylate
• Vinyl alcohol prepared e.g. By hydrolysis of vinyl acetate
• Vinyl-Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether.
• N-vinylcaprolactam N-isopropylacrylamide, hydroxypropyl acrylate, vinyl alcohol and vinyl methyl ether are preferred. N-vinylcaprolactam is particularly preferred.
• Dye affine groups are functional groups that show high affinity for dyes such as direct dyes, reactive dyes and acid dyes.
• the nature of the dye interaction may be due to hydrogen bonds, ⁇ - ⁇ interactions, electrostatic forces, such as ion / ion interactions, ion / dipole interactions, intercalation or combinations or other suitable interactions.
• the dye affinity group in monomer (b) is a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle which is optionally fused.
• the 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle may be aromatic (heteroaryl) or partially or fully saturated.
• the N-heterocycle may optionally have one or more, for example 1, 2, 3 or 4, substituents selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl and phenyl.
• the N-heterocycle may have a carbonyl group and / or an N-oxide group as a ring member.
• the N-heterocycle in quaternized form, for. B.
• the N-heterocycle may also be present as a beta-structure, in which at least one N atom of the heterocycle has a C 1 -C 20 -alkanediyl group with a lower -SO 3 " , -OSO 3 -, -COO " , -OPO (OH) O " , -OPO (OR f ) O” or -PO (OH) O "bridged, where R f is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl
• the nitrogen-containing heterocycle can be reacted with one or more ring systems
• the fused ring systems can be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, and a preferred fused ring system is a benzene ring.
• the monomer has an ethylenically unsaturated group through which the monomer is incorporated in the copolymerization in the polymeric framework of the dye transfer inhibitor in the copolymerization.
• Suitable ethylenically unsaturated groups are, for. B. C2-C6 alkenyl radicals, especially vinyl radicals, or (meth) acryloxy or (meth) acrylamino groups.
• the monomers having a dye-affinitive group include 5-membered lactams which carry on their nitrogen atom a C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl radical, in particular a vinyl radical. Such lactams can be described by the general formula (I):
• Groups optionally have 1 or 2 selected from Ci-C4-alkyl
• N-vinyl lactams examples include N-vinyl pyrrolidones, e.g. N-vinyl-3-methylpyrrolidone and N-vinylpyrrolidone.
• a preferred N-vinyl lactam is N-vinyl pyrrolidone.
• N-vinyl oxazolidones e.g. N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidone and N-vinyl oxazolidone.
• the monomers having a dye-affinitive group furthermore include N-vinylheterocyclic monomers having one of imidazoles, imidazolines and imidazolidines, pyridines, pyrroles, pyrrolidines, quinolines, isoquinolines, purines, pyrazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, indolizines, pyridazines, pyrimidines, pyrazines, indoles, isoindoles , Oxazoles, oxazolidines, morpholines, piperazines, piperidines, isoxazoles, thiazoles, isothiazoles, indoxylenes, isatsines, dioxindiols and hydanthoines and derivatives thereof, eg. Barbituric acid, uracil and their derivatives, selected N-heterocycle.
• the monomers mentioned can also be used as betaine derivatives or quaternized products.
• the N-heterocycles are selected in particular from imidazoles, triazoles, pyridines, pyridine-N-oxides and betainic derivatives and quaternization thereof, especially among imidazoles.
• the monomers are N-vinylimidazoles of the general formula IV a, betainic N-vinylimidazoles of the general formula IV b, 2- and 4-vinylpyridines of the general formulas IV c and IV d and betainic 2- and 4-vinylpyridines general formulas IV e and IV f selected:
• R b , R c , R d , R e are each independently H, Ci-C 4 -AlkVl or phenyl, preferably H or Ci-C 4 -AlkVl, more preferably H;
• W 1 is C 1 -C 20 -alkylene, for example -CH 2 -, -CH (CH 3 ) -, - (CH 2 J 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -, - (CH 2 ) 3 - , - (CH 2 ) 4 -, - (CH 2 ) 5 -, - (CH 2 ) 6-, preferably C 1 -C 3 -alkylene, in particular - CH 2 -, - (CH 2 J 2 - or - ( CH 2 J 3 - is;
• Q represents -SO 3 -, -OSO 3 -, -COO-, -OPO (OH) O “ , -OPO (OR f ) O- or -PO (OH) O " ;
• R f is C 1 -C 24 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec. -Pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso -hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
• the acrylic or methacrylic esters of hydroxyalkyl-substituted N-heterocycles are imidazoles, imidazolines and imidazolidines, pyridines, pyrroles, pyrrolidines, quinolines, isoquinolines, purines, pyrazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, indolizines, pyridazines, pyrimidines , Pyrazines, indoles, isoindoles, oxazoles, oxazolidines, morpholines, piperazines, piperidines,
• Isoxazoles, thiazoles, isothiazoles, indoxylene, isatins, dioxindoles and hydanthoines and their derivatives is selected.
• Suitable monomers are, for.
• N-vinyl heterocyclic monomers are N-vinylimidazole and C1-C4 alkylvinylimidazoles, e.g. N-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-4-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-5-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-2-ethylimidazole, in particular N-vinylimidazole and methylvinylimidazoles, especially N-vinylimidazole and N-vinyl 2-methylimidazole; 3-vinylimidazole N-oxide; 2- and 4-vinylpyridines, e.g.
• betainic monomers are monomers of the formulas IV b, IV e and IV f, in which the grouping W 1 -Q- is -CH 2 -COO-, - (CH 2 ) 2 -SO 3 - or - (CH 2 ) 3 - SO 3 - and R b , R c , R d , R e are each H.
• the quaternized monomers used are preferably vinylimidazoles and vinylpyridines, these being quaternized before or after the polymerization. Particular preference is given to using 1-methyl-3-vinylimidazolium methosulfate and methachloride.
• alkylating agents such as alkyl halides, which generally have 1 to 24 C atoms in the alkyl radical, or dialkyl sulfates, which generally contain alkyl radicals having 1 to 10 C atoms.
• alkylating agents from these groups are methyl chloride, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, ethyl chloride, ethyl bromide, propyl chloride, hexyl chloride, dodecyl chloride, lauryl chloride and also dimethyl sulfate and diethyl sulfate.
• alkylating agents such as alkyl halides, which generally have 1 to 24 C atoms in the alkyl radical, or dialkyl sulfates, which generally contain alkyl radicals having 1 to 10 C atoms.
• suitable alkylating agents from these groups are methyl chloride, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, ethyl chloride, eth
• Benzyl halides especially benzyl chloride and benzyl bromide; Chloroacetic acid; Fluorschwefelkladester; diazomethane; Oxonium compounds such as trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate; Alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and glycidol, which are used in the presence of acids; cationic epichlorohydrins.
• Preferred quaternizing agents are methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate and diethyl sulfate.
• the quaternization can also be carried out polymer-analogously.
• the monomers (b) having a dye-affinitive group are N-vinylimidazole, quaternized N-vinylimidazole, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyltriazole, N-vinylbenzimidazole, hydroxyethylpyrrolidone (meth) acrylate and hydroxyethyl imidazole (meth) acrylate, 2 Vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine and derivatives eg 4-vinylpyridine N-oxide thereof.
• the monomers having a dye-affinitive group are selected from N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylimidazole and mixtures of N-vinylpyrrolidone with N-vinylimidazole.
• the copolymers according to the invention may contain in copolymerized form one or more further monomers (c) copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and (b).
• monomers (c) are monoethylenically unsaturated C3-Cio-mono- and C4-Cio-dicarboxylic acids, eg.
• N-vinylamides of aliphatic carboxylic acids in particular N-vinylformamides, eg. N-vinyl-N-methylformamide and N-vinylformamide itself; the quaternary products of N-vinyl and N-allylamines, such as alkylated N-vinyl and N-allylamines, e.g.
• maleic anhydride eg., maleic anhydride; - unsaturated nitriles, eg. For example, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; and the salts of said acids, the derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof; and monoethylenically unsaturated compounds having a poly-C2-C6-alkylene oxide group
• the monoethylenically unsaturated compounds having a P0IV-C2-C6-alkylene oxide group which are also referred to below as polyalkylene oxide monomers, are typically compounds which have a polyether group and a moiety having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, the polyether group being composed of alkylene oxides derived recurring units (polyalkylene oxide group).
• These include in particular the monomers of the general formula X. in which the variables have the following meaning: X is -CH 2 - or -CO-, when Y is -O-;
• R 1 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 2 are identical or different C 2 -C 6 -alkylene radicals which may be linear or branched and which may be arranged blockwise or randomly, in particular identical or different blockwise or randomly arranged linear or branched C 2 -C 4 -alkylene radicals, preferably ethylene, 1, 2 or 1,3 propylene or mixtures thereof, more preferably ethylene;
• R 3 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, in particular hydrogen or methyl; n is an integer from 3 to 50, in particular 5 to 30, and mixtures thereof, where n has on average a value in the range from 3 to 50 (number average).
• Y is O.
• units corresponding to vinyl alcohol units of vinyl ester units and units corresponding to vinylamine units can be formed from vinylformamide units.
• the monomer (c) is selected from monoethylenically unsaturated polyalkylene oxide monomers, in particular from the monomers of the formula X.
• the monomers (C) are, for example, according to formula X:
• Preferred monomers of the formula X are the (meth) acrylates and the allyl ethers, the acrylates and especially the methacrylates being particularly preferred.
• Particularly suitable examples of the monomers (C) which are described by the formula X are:
• Methylpolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate and - (meth) acrylamide Methylpolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate and - (meth) acrylamide, methylpolypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate and - (meth) acrylamide, methylpolybutylene glycol (meth) acrylate and - (meth) acrylamide, methylpoly (propylene oxide-co-ethylene oxide) (meth) acrylate and
• Ethylene glycol allyl ethers and methyl ethylene glycol allyl ethers, propylene glycol allyl ethers and methylpropylene glycol allyl ethers having in each case 3 to 50, preferably 3 to 30 and particularly preferably 5 to 30 alkylene oxide units.
• the proportion of monomers (c) is less than 5% by weight, in particular less than 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers M. used to prepare the copolymer.
• Such polymers are preferably used in Presence of a graft base made.
• the proportion of monomers (c) is 1 to 40% by weight, in particular 5 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the copolymer used for the preparation of the copolymer
• Monomers M Such polymers are preferably not prepared in the presence of a grafting base.
• the copolymers can be prepared in the presence of a grafting base.
• the graft is typically a water-soluble polymer (at 20 0 C), which may optionally also have a LCST.
• the grafting base is preferably selected from poly-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene ethers and poly-C 2 -C 4 -alkyleneimines.
• the number-average molecular weight M n of the grafting base is typically in the range from 300 to 100,000, in particular in the range from 500 to 50,000.
• the graft base of the copolymers of the invention preferably forms a P0IV-C2-C4-alkylene ether.
• copolymer is intended to include also oligomeric compounds.
• the polyethers have a number average molecular weight M n of at least 300 and have the general formula IIIa
• R 1 is hydroxy, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, R 7 is -COO-, R 7 is -NH-COO-, polyalcohol radical;
• R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are identical or different and selected from - (CHb) 2 -, - (CH 2) 3, - (CHb) 4 -, -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -, -CH 2 - CH (CH 2 -CH 3 ) -, -CH 2 -CHOR 8 -CH 2 -;
• R 5 is hydrogen, amino-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 24 -alkyl, R 7 -CO-, R 7 -NH-CO-;
• R 6 Ci-C 2 o-alkylene, whose carbon chain may be interrupted by 1 to 10 oxygen atoms in ether function;
• R 7 is C 1 -C 24 -alkyl
• R 8 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 24 -alkyl, R 7 -CO-;
• A is a chemical bond, -CO-O-, -CO-B-CO-O-, -CO-NH-B-NH-CO-O-, - (CH 2 ) t -, optionally substituted arylene;
• B is - (CH 2 ) t-, optionally substituted arylene
• n 1 or, when R 1 represents a polyalcohol radical up to 8;
• w is the same or different and each 0 to 5000.
• n, u, v and w is selected such that the specific molecule or the molecule mixture has a molecular weight in the ranges indicated above.
• Preferred graft base are the polyethers of the formula IIIa.
• the graft base comprises polyethers from the group of polyalkylene oxides based on ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxides, polytetrahydrofuran and polyglycerol.
• polymers having the following structural units are obtained: - (CH 2 J 2 -O-, - (CH 2 ) SO-, - (CH 2 J 4 -O-, -CH 2 -CH (CHs) -O -, CH 2 -CH (CH 2 -CHs) -O-, -CH 2 -CHOR 8 -CH 2 -O-.
• copolymers Both homopolymers and copolymers are suitable, the copolymers being able to be randomly distributed or present as block polymers.
• terminal primary hydroxyl groups of the polyethers prepared on the basis of alkylene oxides or glycerol and the secondary OH groups of polyglycerol can both be free as etherified 2 4-alcohols, esterified with Ci-C 2 4-carboxylic acids with Ci-C, or with Isocyanates be converted to urethanes.
• Suitable alcohols for this purpose are, for.
• primary aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol
• primary aromatic alcohols such as phenol, isopropylphenol, tert-butylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol and naphthol
• secondary aliphatic see alcohols such as isopropanol
• tertiary aliphatic alcohols such as tert.
• Butanol, and polyhydric alcohols e.g. Diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol and butanediol
• triols such as glycerol and trimethylolpropane.
• the hydroxyl groups can also be exchanged by reductive amination with hydrogen-ammonia mixtures under pressure for primary amino groups or converted by cyanethylation with acrylonitrile and hydrogenation in Aminopropylenend phenomenon.
• the closure of the hydroxyl end groups can be done not only subsequently by reaction with the alcohols or with alkali metal, amines and hydroxylamines, but these compounds can be such as Lewis acids, eg. B. boron trifluoride, are also used at the beginning of the polymerization as a starter.
• hydroxyl groups can also be closed by reaction with alkylating agents, such as dimethyl sulfate.
• alkylating agents such as dimethyl sulfate.
• the alkyl radicals in the formulas IIIa and INb can be branched or unbranched C 1 -C 24 -alkyl radicals, preference being given to C 1 -C 12 -alkyl radicals and C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy radicals being particularly preferred.
• Examples are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl, n-butyl, 1-methyl-propyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1, 1-dimethylethyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl , 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-propyl, n-hexyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl , 1, 2-dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethyl-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1, 1, 2-trimethylpropyl , 1, 2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethy
• the number average molecular weight M n of the polyethers is at least 300 and is generally less than 100,000. It is preferably 500 to 50,000, more preferably 500 to 10,000, and most preferably 500 to 5,000.
• homopolymers should also include those polymers which, in addition to the polymerized alkylene oxide unit, also contain the reactive molecules which were used to initiate the polymerization of the cyclic ethers or to close the end groups of the polymer.
• Branched polyethers can be prepared by, for example, low molecular weight polyols (radicals R7 in formulas IIIa and INb), z.
• polymers in which at least one, preferably one to eight, particularly preferably one to five of the hydroxyl groups present in the polyhydric alcohol molecule can be linked in the form of an ether bond to the polyether radical of the formula IIIa or INb.
• Four-armed polymers can be obtained by attaching the alkylene oxides to diamines, preferably ethylenediamine.
• branched polymers can be prepared by reacting alkylene oxides with higher-value amines, eg. B. triamines, or in particular polyethylene imines.
• Polyethyleneimines suitable for this purpose generally have average molecular weights Mn of 300 to 20,000, preferably 500 to 10,000 and more preferably 500 to 5,000.
• the weight ratio of alkylene oxide to polyethyleneimine is usually 100: 1 to 0.1: 1, preferably 20: 1 to 0.5: 1.
• graft base which may be end-capped on one or both sides.
• polypropylene oxide and copolymeric alkylene oxides with high propylene oxide content is that the grafting is easy.
• polyethylene oxide and copolymeric alkylene oxides having a high proportion of ethylene oxide is that the weight ratio of side chain to backbone is greater when grafting is carried out and the graft density is the same as in polypropylene oxide.
• the K values of the copolymers according to the invention are usually from 10 to 150, preferably from 10 to 80 and more preferably from 15 to 60 (determined by H. Fikentscher, Cellulose-Chemie, Vol. 13, pp. 58 to 64 and 71 to 74 ( 1932) in water or aqueous sodium chloride solutions at 25 ° C (concentration NaCl 0.1 to 7.0 wt .-%) and polymer concentrations, depending on the K value range at 0.1 wt .-% to 5 wt. -% lie).
• the respective desired K value can be adjusted by the composition of the starting materials.
• the copolymers according to the invention can be prepared by reacting (a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer whose homo- or copolymers exhibit thermosensitive behavior, and (b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a dye affinity group and optionally with monomers (c) different therefrom, optionally radically polymerized in the presence of a graft.
• the free-radical polymerization of the monomers can be carried out by any known method, such as solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization or bulk polymerization, preferably the methods of solution polymerization and bulk polymerization, very particularly preferably solution polymerization.
• a solution polymerization is carried out, ie the polymerization takes place in an organic solvent or solvent mixture, in water or in mixtures of water with organic solvents as the reaction medium.
• the reaction medium contains predominantly organic solvents (mixtures), ie the proportion of water is less than 30% by volume, in particular less than 10% by volume, based on the total amount of solvent.
• suitable organic solvents are alkyl acetates, for example ethyl acetate, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic monohydric C 1 -C 4 -alcohols, eg.
• Preferred organic solvents are alkyl acetates and alcohols.
• Suitable radical initiators are, in particular, peroxo compounds, azo compounds, redox initiator systems and reducing compounds. Of course you can also use mixtures of radical starters.
• thermally activatable polymerization initiators preference is given to initiators having a decomposition temperature ("10 h half-life decomposition temperature") in the range from 20 to 180 ° C., in particular from 50 to 120 ° C.
• thermal initiators are inorganic peroxo compounds, such as peroxodisulfates (Ammonium and alkali metal sulfates, preferably sodium peroxodisulfate), peroxosulfates, percarbonates and hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxo compounds such as diacetyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, diamyl peroxide, dioctanoyl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (o-toluyl) peroxide, succinyl peroxide tert-butyl peracetate, tert-butyl per-maleate, tert-
• initiators can be used in combination with reducing compounds as starter / regulator systems.
• reducing compounds include phosphorus-containing compounds such as phosphorous acid, hypophosphites and phosphinates, sulfur-containing compounds such as sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium sulfite and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxilate, and hydrazine.
• phosphorus-containing compounds such as phosphorous acid, hypophosphites and phosphinates
• sulfur-containing compounds such as sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium sulfite and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxilate
• hydrazine hydrazine.
• redox metal salts such as iron salts, e.g. Ascorbic acid / ferrous sulfate / sodium peroxodisulfate.
• Preferred initiators are soluble in the amount used in the polymerization medium. Therefore, particularly water-soluble initiators are preferred. Especially preferred Initiators are the aforementioned diazo compounds, in particular water-soluble diazo compounds such as azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride.
• photoinitiators e.g. Benzophenone, acetophenone, benzoin ethers, Benzyldialkylketone and their derivatives.
• the polymerization initiators are usually used in amounts of from 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.25 to 8% by weight, based in each case on the monomers to be polymerized, and can be used individually or to utilize beneficial synergistic effects in combination.
• regulators conventional in the polymerization e.g. Mercapto compounds, such as mercaptoethanol, thioglycollic acid, 1,4-bismercaptobutane-2,3-diol; Alkali metal sulfites and hydrogen sulfites such as sodium sulfite; Alkali metal phosphites and hypophosphites such as sodium hypophosphite, etc. are added.
• Suitable amounts of regulator are generally in the range of 0.01 to 5 wt .-%, based on the monomers to be polymerized.
• the polymerization temperature is usually in the range of 30 to 200 0 C, preferably from 50 to 150 0 C, particularly preferably from 60 to 90 ° C.
• the polymerization can be carried out under atmospheric pressure, if appropriate, it can also be carried out in a closed system under the developing intrinsic pressure.
• the production of the copolymers is followed by a chemical and / or physical deodorization, ie removal of unreacted monomers.
• physical deodorization the monomers are mixed with water vapor, e.g. B. by distilling off a portion of the aqueous polymerization medium and / or by passing hot steam, removed from the polymerization mixture.
• chemical deodorization unreacted monomers in the reaction mixture are removed by use of more severe polymerization conditions, e.g. B. by the addition of further polymerization, often by addition of the above-mentioned redox initiators and especially by the addition of hydroperoxides, such as hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides, z.
• tert-butyl hydroperoxide in combination with reducing agents, in particular sulfur-containing reducing agents such as hydrogen sulfite, dithionite, adducts of hydrogen sulfite with ketones, such as the acetone-bisulfite adduct, hydroxymethanesulfinate and the like, optionally in the presence of traces of transition metals, eg Fe 2 + or Fe 3+ .
• the reaction mixtures obtained in the solution polymerization typically contain the copolymer in a concentration of 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 20 to 60% by weight (solids content of the polymerization solution).
• the copolymers of the invention are preferably used in the form of their aqueous solution.
• the copolymer solution may either be used directly or the pH adjusted by base or acid addition.
• the copolymer content of the aqueous solutions is typically in the range of 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 20 to 60% by weight.
• a preferred pH range for mixing is as a rule from 5 to 11, preferably from 6 to 10 and particularly preferably from 6.5 to 9, very particularly preferably from 7 to 8.9.
• copolymers of the invention can also be used in powder or granular form.
• the color transfer inhibitors are water-soluble below the LCST and can be used in solid and liquid detergents and in laundry after-treatment agents. They are characterized by a high compatibility with conventional detergent ingredients, in particular with the components of liquid detergents.
• the solid detergent formulations according to the invention also contain in particular the following components:
• thermosensitive polymer (a) 0.05 to 20% by weight of at least one thermosensitive polymer
• an organic cobuilder (d) 0 to 10% by weight of an organic cobuilder and (e) from 0.1% to 60% by weight of other conventional ingredients such as sizing agents, enzymes, perfume, chelating agents, corrosion inhibitors, bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, other color protective additives and dye transfer inhibitors, grayness inhibitors, soil release polyesters, fiber protection additives, Silicones, dyes, bactericides and preservatives, dissolution improvers and / or disintegrants, water,
• other conventional ingredients such as sizing agents, enzymes, perfume, chelating agents, corrosion inhibitors, bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, other color protective additives and dye transfer inhibitors, grayness inhibitors, soil release polyesters, fiber protection additives, Silicones, dyes, bactericides and preservatives, dissolution improvers and / or disintegrants, water,
• the solid detergent formulations according to the invention can be in powder, granule, extrudate or tablet form.
• liquid detergent formulations according to the invention preferably have the following composition:
• thermosensitive polymer (a) 0.05 to 20% by weight of at least one thermosensitive polymer
• laundry aftertreatment agents according to the invention in particular laundry care rinse agents, preferably contain
• thermosensitive polymer (a) 0.05 to 20% by weight of at least one thermosensitive polymer
• nonionic surfactant 0 to 30% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant, (D) 0.1 to 30 wt .-% of other conventional ingredients, such as silicones, other lubricants, wetting agents, film-forming polymers, fragrances and dyes, stabilizers, fiber-protective additives, other color protective additives and Farbübertragungsinhibito- ren, complexing agents, viscosity modifiers, soil release Additives, solubilizers, hydrotropes, anticorrosion additives, bactericides and preservatives, and
• other conventional ingredients such as silicones, other lubricants, wetting agents, film-forming polymers, fragrances and dyes, stabilizers, fiber-protective additives, other color protective additives and Farbübertragungsinhibito- ren, complexing agents, viscosity modifiers, soil release Additives, solubilizers, hydrotropes, anticorrosion additives, bactericides and preservatives, and
• Suitable nonionic surfactants (B) are, in particular:
• Alkoxylated C 8 -C 22 -alcohols such as fatty alcohol alkoxylates, oxo alcohol alkoxylates and Guerbet alcohol ethoxylates:
• the alkoxylation can be carried out with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide.
• Preferred alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide.
• the alcohols preferably have 10 to 18 carbon atoms;
• Alkylphenol alkoxylates especially alkylphenol ethoxylates containing Ce-Cu alkyl chains and 5 to 30 moles of alkylene oxide / mole; - Alkylpolyglucoside containing C8-C22, preferably Cio-Ci8-alkyl chains and usually 1 to 20, preferably 1, 1 to 5, glucoside units; N-alkylglucamides, fatty acid amide alkoxylates, fatty acid alkanolamide alkoxylates, long chain amine oxides, polyhydroxy (alkoxy) fatty acid derivatives, e.g. Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, gemini surfactants and block copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide; as well as their mixtures.
• Suitable anionic surfactants are, for example:
• Alcohol sulfates lauryl sulfate, cetyl sulfate, myristyl sulfate, palmityl sulfate, stearyl sulfate, and tallow fatty alcohol sulfate;
• Cio-Cis alcohol e.g. a fatty alcohol, alkoxylated and that
• Alkoxylation then sulfated is preferably used ethylene oxide;
• Linear C8-C2o-alkylbenzenesulfonates preferably linear C9-C13
• Alkylbenzenesulfonates and alkyltoluenesulfonates Alkanesulfonates, especially C8-C24, preferably Cio-Cis-alkanesulfonates;
• Fatty acid and fatty acid ester sulfonates such as the Na and K salts of C8-C24 carboxylic acids; as well as their mixtures.
• the anionic surfactants are preferably added to the detergent in the form of salts.
• Suitable salts are e.g. Alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium and lithium salts, and ammonium salts such as hydroxyethylammonium, di (hydroxyethyl) ammonium and tri (hydroxyethyl) ammonium salts.
• Particularly suitable cationic surfactants which may be mentioned are: C 7 -C 2 5-alkylamines;
• Esterquats especially quaternary esterified mono-, di- and trialkanolamines esterified with C8-C22 carboxylic acids;
• R 9 is C 1 -C 25 alkyl or C 2 -C 2 5 alkenyl
• R 10 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
• R 11 is C 1 -C 4 -AIk ⁇ , hydroxy-Ci-C 4 alkyl or a group R 1 - (CO) -X- (CH 2) m - (X: -O- or -NH-; m: 2 or 3), wherein at least one R 9 is C 7 -C 22 -alkyl.
• Suitable amphoteric surfactants are e.g. Alkyl betaines, alkyl amide betaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates and amphoteric imidazolium compounds.
• Suitable inorganic builders are, in particular:
• Crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates with ion-exchanging properties in particular zeolites:
• zeolites Various types are suitable, in particular the zeolites A, X, B, P, MAP and HS in their Na form or in forms in which Na partially opposes other cations such as Li, K, Ca, Mg or ammonium is exchanged;
• Crystalline silicates such as, in particular, disilicates and sheet silicates, for example ⁇ - and ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5.
• the silicates may be used in the form of their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts, preference being given to the Na, Li and Mg silicates; Amorphous silicates such as sodium metasilicate and amorphous disilicate; Carbonates and bicarbonates: These can be used in the form of their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts. Preference is given to Na, Li and Mg carbonates and hydrogencarbonates, in particular sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate; and polyphosphates, such as pentasodium triphosphate.
• organic cobuilders are particularly suitable:
• Low molecular weight carboxylic acids such as citric acid, hydrophobically modified citric acid, e.g. As agaric, malic, tartaric, gluconic, glutaric, succinic, imidodisuccinic, oxydisuccinic, propanetricarboxylic, butanetetracarboxylic, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic, alkyl and
• Alkenyl succinic acids and aminopolycarboxylic acids e.g. Nitrilotriacetic acid, ⁇ -alanine diacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, serinediacetic acid, isoserine diacetic acid, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) iminoacetic acid, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, and methyl and ethyl glycine diacetic acid or their alkali metal salts;
• Oligomeric and polymeric carboxylic acids such as homopolymers of acrylic acid and aspartic acid, oligomaleic acids, copolymers of maleic acid with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or C 2 -C 22 olefins, e.g.
• Isobutene or long-chain ⁇ -olefins vinyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl ethers, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, (meth) acrylic esters of C 1 -C 8 -alcohols and styrene. Preference is given to the homopolymers of acrylic acid and copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid.
• oligomeric and polymeric carboxylic acids are used in acid form or as the sodium salt;
• Phosphonic acids e.g. 1-hydroxyethylene (1, 1-diphosphonic acid), aminotri (methylenephosphonic acid), ethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) and diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) and their alkali metal salts.
• Suitable grayness inhibitors are, for example, carboxymethyl cellulose and graft polymers of vinyl acetate on polyethylene glycol.
• Suitable bleaching agents are, for example, adducts of hydrogen peroxide with inorganic salts, such as sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium carbonate perhydrate, and percarboxylic acids, such as phthalimidopercaproic acid.
• Suitable bleach activators are, for example, N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), sodium p-nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate and N-methylmorpholinium acetonitrile-methyl sulfate.
• Enzymes preferably used in detergents are proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases, oxidases and peroxidases.
• Suitable further color transfer inhibitors are, for example, homopolymers, copolymers and graft polymers of 1-vinylpyrrolidone, 1-vinylimidazole or 4-vinylpyridine N-oxide. Homo- and copolymers of 4-vinylpyridine reacted with chloroacetic acid are also suitable as color transfer inhibitors.
• Selected colored fabric (EMPA 130 EMPA 132 EMPA 133 or EMPA 134) was washed in the presence of white test of cotton and ballast fabric of cotton / polyester and polyester with a detergent at 60 0 C with the addition of the LCST polymers. After the wash, the fabrics were rinsed, spun and dried.
• the staining of the white test tissue was determined photometrically (photometer: Elrepho ® 2000 Fa. Datacolor). The color strength of the staining was determined from the remission values measured on the test fabric according to the method described in A. Kud, Seifen, Ole, Fette, Wachse, Volume 1 19, pages 590-594 (1993). From the color intensity for the test with the respective test substance, the color intensity for the test without test substance and the color strength of the test fabric before washing the color transfer inhibiting effect of the test substance according to the following formula in% was determined.
• composition of the detergents A and B used are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
• Feed 3 consisting of 5.2 g of t-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 44 g of sigester added. It was stirred for a further 4 hours at 77 0 C. Subsequently, a steam distillation at 93 to 100 0 C. A yellow, clear polymer solution was obtained.
• feed 4 consisting of 3.4 g of t-butyl perpivalate (75%) in 20 g of ethyl acetate.
• the reaction mixture was stirred at 77 ° C. for a further 4 hours. Subsequently, a steam distillation at 93 to 100 0 C was carried out. A yellow, clear polymer solution was obtained.
• Table 4 Analytical values Polymer 1-5
• the cloud points (or LCST) of the polymers were determined to be 1% in water. (Temperature range 20 to 80 0 C, heating rate of 1 degree Celsius per minute, both during heating and cooling)
• PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone with K value 30

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